HYPERTENSION
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HYPERTENSION (HTN)
HYPER tension = HIGH BP
Most accurate diagnosis for HTN
Diastolic
(Squeeze)
(Decompress)
hypotension
< 100
< 60
Normal
< 120
< 80
Pre-htn
120 - 139
80 - 89
Stage 1 htn
140 - 159
90 - 99
Stage 2 htn
> 160
> 100
HTN crisis
> 180
congestive heart failure (chf)
Overworking of the heart muscle
(ventricle enlarges)
affected organs
Systolic
categories
stroke
Weak & narrow vessels
could lead to rupture of vessels
renal failure
Too much blood flowing to the
kidneys at a fast rate & high pressure
visual changes
Damages blood vessels in the retina
(blurred vision, can’t focus on objects)
> 120
RISK FACTORS
Primary HTN
CHECKING
BLOOD PRESSURE
MOST
COMMON
Also called
essential or idiopathic HTN
• Cause is unknown
• Not curable, only controllable
R
I
S
K
Race (African Americans)
intake of Na/ETOH
smoking
Low k+ & vitamin D levels
F
A
C
T
O
R
S
→ Place stethoscope over
brachial artery
→ Patients should not smoke, exercise, etc.
within 30 minutes of having their BP checked
(could lead to inflated BP)
→ Instruct the client to:
• Sit in a chair with legs uncrossed
• Arm at level
• Correct size cuff
→ No BPs should be
Too small =
auscultated in arms with:
false high BP
• Mastectomy
Too large =
- HX of AV shunt
false low BP
- Blood clots
- PICC lines/central lines
Family HX
advanced age
↑ cholesterol
too much caffeine
q
obesity
restricted activity
sleep apnea
secondary HTN
Has a direct cause / preexisting condition
• Cushing syndrome
• Chronic kidney disease
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes
• Certain drugs (oral contraceptives)
• Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Symptoms (if seen):
Usually asymptomatic!
Commonly called the
“silent killer”
EDUCATION
• Limit sodium intake
• Limit alcohol intake
• Smoking cessation
• Blurred vision
• Headache
• Chest pain
• Nose bleeds
• Teach how to measure
BP & keep a record
• Exercise programs for
weight loss if needed
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
MEDICATION OVERVIEW
ace
beta
inhibitors blockers
A
A
B
C
D
D
b
calcium
channel
blockers
diuretics
digoxin
c
D
D
SUFFIXES
ACE inhibitors
-pril
BETA Blockers
-olol
Calcium Channel Blockers -pine -amil
Diuretics
Digoxin
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Dear future nurse,
You may be stressed, you may feel tired,
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