Adjectives With Mrs Kamola Sobirovna An adjective is a describing word. (Sifat -So’zni belgisini bildiradi) •John lives in a new house. (adjective)+(noun) There was a spider in the bathroom. + adjectives = There was a huge, hairy spider in the bathroom. A slug was in my kitchen. + adjectives = A slimy, sticky slug was in my kitchen. I found a ladybird on a leaf. + adjectives = I found a tiny ladybird on a big leaf. A butterfly flew into my house. + adjectives = A blue and white butterfly flew into my house. The worm dug through the soil. + adjectives = The wiggly, pink worm dug through the soil. There are 3 degrees of the Adjective They are: The Positive degree(Long) The comparative degree(Longer) The superlative degree (Longest) • We use the positive degree when we speak We use the positive degree • about only one person or thing. when we speak about only one person oris thing. • The house a big. Example• This flower is beautiful. The house is a big. This flower is beautiful. Comparative Degree we use the Comparative degree when we compare two persons or two things with each other. My house is bigger than yours. My brother is taller than me we use the Superlative degree when we compare more than two persons or things with one another. This is the most interesting book Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. We add –er to one syllable adjectives. Cold Old Tall Fast Colder Older Taller Faster We add –er after a vowel+consonant, we double the final consonant. Hot Big Bigger Fat Fatter Hotter We add –er to onesyllable adjectives ending in –e. Wide Late Large Wider Later Larger We add –ier to two-syllable adjectives after a consonant+ -y. Easy Early Happy Easier Earlier Happier We use more with two or more syllable adjectives. Beautiful Famous Useful Comfortable More beautiful More famous More useful More comfortable We can use –er or more with some two-syllable adjectives Quieter Cleverer Narrower Simpler Commoner or or or or or More quiet More clever More narrow More simple More common We use the comparative form of adjectives to compare one person, thing, etc. with another. comparative + than we use than after the comparative Red house is bigger than blue house We use –est, -st or –iest to form the superlative of one-syllable adjectives. old older the oldest large larger the largest happy happier the happiest wet wetter the wettest late later the latest We use most to form the superlative of adjectives that have two or more syllables comfortable interesting important beautiful famous the most comfortable the most interesting the most important the most beautiful the most famous We use the superlative form of the adjective to compare three or more people, things, etc. the + superlative we use the before the superlative He is the happiest man in the world. as + comparative + as We use as+ comparative+ as to compare places, people, events or things, when there is no difference. Tom is 14 years old Marry is also 14 years old. Marry is as old as Tom. Affixes with adjectives Certain suffixes are typical of adjectives. You can combine these ending with verbs and nouns to create an adjective. Hence, adjective suffixes can change the root word’s grammatical function. For instance, adding -able to the verb prevent produces a new adjective. Words with certain endings like -able suggest that a word is an adjective. Adjective Suffixes (so’z ohirida qo’shiluvchi qo’shimchalar) (V+suffix=adj) -ful : -less : -ous : -al : -ive: Useful=foydali, doubdful=shubhali helpless=ojiz, useless=befoyda famous=masshxur, dangerous=xavfli formal=rasmiy, central=markaziy passive=sust, productive=samarali -able, -ible: (can be done) eat(yemoq)-eatable(yesa bo’ladigon) wash(yuvmoq)-washable(yuvsa bo’ladigan, yuviladigon) access(kirmoq)-accessible(hamyonbop,foydalanish mumkun) Adj+suffix=verb -ise(or-ize) makes verbs from adjective Modern(zamonaviy)- modernize(zamonaviylashtirish) Industrial(sanoatga oid)- Industrialise(sanoatlashtirish) Adjective prefixes (so’z oldidan qo’shiluvchi qo’shimcha) Prefixes are often used to give adjective a negative meaning Un-: comfortable-Uncomfortable In-: complete-incomplete Dis-: similar-dissimilar In-becomes im before a root beginning with “m” or “p” Immature, impatient In- becomes ir- before word beginning with “r” and il- before a word begin with “l” irresplacible, illegal The prefix in- does’n always have a negative meaning-often it gives the idea or iside or into Internal(ichki) Import(muhum, import qilmoq) Income(daromad) Compound adjectives Compound adjectives are compound words that act as adjectives. A compound word is any word that’s made up of two or more words, like: • Doghouse • Fire truck Both of those examples are compound nouns, which are compound words that communicate a specific person, place, thing, or concept. Compound adjectives describe nouns (either regular nouns or compound nouns, for that matter). • Well-known • Old-fashioned Types of compound adjectives Not every compound adjective contains two singular adjectives. We realize that sounds a bit confusing, so this chart should explain it more clearly: Part of Speech Adjective Adjective Noun Number Noun + + + + + Part of Speech Example Noun = Short-term, first-time, long-distance = Fast-talking, Spanishspeaking, backwardfacing = Whitewashed, sun-dried, homegrown = Second-place, nineteenthcentury, fourwheel = Ice-cold, skyblue, crueltyfree Present Participle Past Participle Noun Adjective Part of Speech Noun Adverb Adjective Noun + + + + Part of Speech Example Present Participle = Frenchspeaking, mouthwatering, selfeffacing = Tightly wound, overpopulated, undercooked = Double-baked, deep-fried, warm-blooded = Seasick, meat eater, bulletproof Past Participle Past Participle Noun • As you can see, compound adjectives are defined by what they do, rather than what they contain. Any time two (or more!) words become a single term to describe a noun, they’re a compound adjective. Does a compound adjective always need a hyphen? Unlike compound nouns, compound adjectives usually need hyphens. But like most grammar rules, this isn’t always the case. Certain compound adjectives don’t need hyphens, even if they come before a noun in a sentence. Here are a few examples of open compound adjectives in sentences: As a new lawyer, you should expect to perform pro bono work. My sister and I are going to a dub reggae concert at the end of this month. And here are a few closed compound adjectives in sentences: She bought an overstuffed ottoman for her living room. The meat was undercooked, but the broccoli was perfect. When compound adjectives contain numbers Usually, compound adjectives that contain numbers need hyphens. For example, you might say: The insular culture retained twentieth-century sensibilities. We ate a second-rate meal at the diner. But when the number comes second in the compound adjective, it does not need a hyphen. Here’s an example of this type of compound adjective: My brother has Type 2 diabetes. Using compound adjectives that contain superlatives Additionally, compound adjectives that begin with superlatives always need hyphens when they’re used before the nouns they’re describing. Here are a few examples: It turned out to be a very low-stress job. Maria was better-suited to the role than Ryan. But when a compound adjective containing a superlative comes after its noun, it does not need a hyphen: When I filled my tank, the fuel I chose was high octane. We didn’t want to wait to eat, so we chose a restaurant that was lesser known than others in the neighborhood. When a compound adjective starts with an adverb When a compound adjective starts with an adverb, it doesn’t get a hyphen. Here are a few examples of compound adjectives that start with adverbs and thus aren’t joined by hyphens: Neatly pressed Overly affectionate Warmly received Differentiating compound adjectives from single adjectives With other compound adjectives, a hyphen is necessary to communicate that the two (or more) words are working together as a single compound adjective. Let’s go back to an example we used earlier, yellow-striped. Compare these two sentences: She drove a yellow-striped car. She drove a yellow, striped car. See the difference? In the first sentence, we picture her driving a car adorned with yellow stripes. In the second, we see a car that’s yellow and decorated with stripes of another color. Also notice how in the second sentence, yellow and striped are separated by a comma. That’s because according to the Royal Order of Adjectives, yellow and striped both describe the car’s design and thus, need this distinction. Veronica Verb told me how brilliant you were yesterday at adding more exciting verbs to your poem. Now create some amazing descriptions by adding two or more adjectives to your sentences.
