SC 8 - BIOLOGY Study Guide THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW: Cells & Organelles • What makes something living • All organelles (location and function) • Differences between plant and animal cells • Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes • Cell Theory Diffusion & Osmosis (a part of the cell) • What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? • How does water move across the membrane • How does it work Body Systems (a part of digestive system) • the 11 body systems and their primary function • 5 levels of organization (cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism) Digestive System • 4 stages of digestion • Mouth, Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Ducts, Salivary Amylase, esophagus, epiglottis, stomach, pepsin, hydrochloric acid, liver, bile, chyme, enzymes, small intestine, large intestine, duodenum, rectum, anus, feces • Location of organs on a diagram Nutrition (a part of digestive system) • what are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, Vitamins and Minerals • What are the 6 food groups Respiratory System • lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm • how gas exchange takes place • Be able to label diagram Circulatory System • atria, ventricles, aorta, arteries, veins, arterioles, venuoles, capillaries and their locations and functions • parts of the blood and their roles • how the heart works. The order of blood movement • what happens in capillaries • The differences between veins and arteries • how it works with the respiratory system and the rest of the body • deoxygenated and oxygenated blood and where they are found • direction of blood blow through the heart Immune System • First, Second lines of defense (what they are, how they work and when they work) • Phagocytes, B cells, T Cells (killer and helper) • All the parts of first lines of defense (skin, ear wax etc). • Vaccinations and how they work • HIV and how it works, and why it is so dangerous • Antibodies, Antigens and how they work Science 8 Biology Unit Test Breakdown: Topic # of Questions The Cell 10 Body Systems 5 Digestive System 13 Circulatory System 12 Respiratory System 6 Immune System 9 Question Type True/False Multiple Choice Matching # of Questions 7 34 14 The Unit Test will be out of 56 marks. Bring: • A Pencil and Eraser, no pen. Remember, the unit test is this Thursday! Study Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Trace the path of a red blood cell from the right atrium to the brain/head. Trace the path of an oxygen molecule from outside your nose, to your liver By what mechanism does gas exchange occur? Where does it occur? How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different from regular arteries and veins? What are the 4 stages of digestion (in order)? What organ produces pepsin? What is an enzyme and why do we need it? How does an animal cell make energy? Where does this take place? What is the equation? How does a plant cell make energy? Where does this take place? What is the equation? What are the two lines of defense? What happens in each of them? List the parts of the first line of defense. What is a B-Cell and what is its role? Why is HIV so dangerous to the immune system? What is a phagocyte? What does it do? What is a carbohydrate and why do we need it? What 2 kinds of vegetables do we need every day? What are the 6 food groups? What is the job of the cell membrane? What organelles are only found in plant cells? What is peristalsis? What is the purpose of bile? Where do you find it? What does it do? How is diffusion different from osmosis? What is osmosis? What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion? Trace the path of food from your mouth to your anus. What are the four main parts of blood and what does each do? How do vaccinations work? What is the difference between antibodies and antigens? How does water move across the membrane? What prevents food from getting into the airway? What are the multiple uses for gastric juices? Where in the body do you find feces? How about chyme? Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins? Which organelle is responsible for storing water? Which organ system does the brain belong to? Which organ system is responsible for removing waste from the body?
