TITLE PAGE
PRODUCTION OF SENATOR WEAR USING CASHMERE
FABRICS
BY
CHEGBENE PAUL
FAS/ND/19/10020
OSEHENYE SAMUEL
FAS/ND/19/10003
EFE UZUAZO MICHAEL
FAS/ND/19/10005
A LONG ESSAY SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF FASHION DESIGN AND CLOTHING
TECHNOLOGY, SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN, DELTA
STATE POLYTECHNIC, OGWASHI-UKU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN FASHION
DESIGN AND CLOTHING TECHNOLOGY.
OCTOBER, 2021
i
DECLARATION
This project is carried out by the following group of students in the
Department of Fashion Design and Clothing Technology, School of
Arts and Design, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku. Under the
supervision of Mrs. Ugbah B. E. (Head of Department).
________________
CHEGBENE PAUL
____________
DATE
________________
OSEHENYE SAMUEL
____________
DATE
___________________
EFE UZUAZO MICHAEL
____________
DATE
ii
CERTIFICATION
We, hereby certify that this long essay was done by CHEGBENE
PAUL, OSEHENYE SAMUEL, EFE UZUAZO MICHAEL, under my
supervision and has been approved and accepted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the Award of National Diploma (ND) in Fashion
Design and Clothing Technology, Department of Fashion Design and
Clothing Technology, School of Art and Design, Delta State
Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku.
___________________________
MRS. UGBAH, B. E.
(Project Supervisor)
____________
DATE
___________________________
MRS. UGBAH, B. E.
(HOD, Fashion Design)
____________
DATE
iii
DEDICATION
We dedicated this project to God Almighty.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to God Almighty
for his love, Kindness, grace and mercies throughout our studies as
well as towards our life and stay in Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashiuku.
Our unreserved thanks go to our project supervisor Mrs. Ugbah,
B. E for her patience and time taken to go through this write up to a
successful completion of this project work. May God Almighty richly
bless her abundantly; she is indeed a mentor and a mother to all.
Finally, words cannot express our gratitude to our dear parents
for their love, care, encouragement, moral and financial support. May
God almighty keep them to enjoy the fruit of their labour.
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page -
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Declaration
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Certification
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Dedication
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Acknowledgements
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Table of Contents
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Abstract
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
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1.2
Statement of the Problem -
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1.3
Objectives of the Study
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1.4
Significance of the Study
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1.5
Scope of the Study
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1.6
Limitation of the Study
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature Review
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2.1
What is Senator Wears?
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2.2
History of Senator Wears
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2.3
Types of Senator Wears
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vi
2.4
Contemporary Usage of Senator Wears
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CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design
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3.2
Data Collection -
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3.3
Operation Breakdown -
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3.4
Illustration of Design for Production of Senator’s Wear 18
3.5
Adaptation
Reference -
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vii
ABSTRACT
The study examines the production of senator wear using cashmere
and plain pattern fabrics as emphasis. The study was conducted in
the department of Fashion Design and Clothing Technology, Delta
State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku. Data
qualitative
(physical
observation)
and
were collected through
quantitative
(existing
literatures of related studies). Experimental and descriptive research
design was adopted to carry out the practical’s aspect of the research
work. The research work adopted the international standard
procedures for garment construction. The study however displayed
final dresses on a fashion model.
viii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Production can be defined in general terms as the act of
producing something or a thing being produced or a work presented
on the screen and over the air. Wikipedia (2010) defined production
as an act or process of making something or putting things to work
that will yield result. However, Arnold (2014) emphasized that
production in fashion has to do with the illustration of the designs and
interpreting the designs into block by drafting the body sizes
measurement, after which adoption takes place before cutting out the
fabrics into pattern pieces together to achieve a full garment. Which
comprises of the top and the trousers just like in senator wears.
Senator wear is a special kind of men’s wear that has been
trending in the past decades, Kingsley (2019) defined senator’s wears
as a native shirt that has pleats, buttons with chains as accessories
that beautifies known as “ETIBO”. The top with a good trouser to
match or a trouser compliment the top. The senator wears became
popular in Nigeria when the senators from the Riverine areas made it
1
as their official wear or dress in the legislative chambers to deliberate
issues bothering their people or region.
Although the styles have been recycled in the fashion scene over
and over each circle comes with its own modifications that are
different from the previous circles. The dress has not just gained
popularity but it has come to stay and is now becoming a house-hold
product, literarily the senator wears can be seen as major clothing
item in every men’s wardrobe just like a three or two pieces. However,
the senator clothing is not used just to create an image or impression
for others, it has also helped to establish a sense of identity for the
wear, although putting a certain type of clothes can make you feel
different. Now both young and old like the senator clothing and there
are different styles that has emerged over the past decades. This
study is looking at the existing styles with a better view in producing
top-notch quality designs that will be suitable for men’s fashions using
plain and pattern fabrics. Plain and pattern fabrics: The production of
senator wears can be seen in plain and texture fabrics, not just that
alone fabrics like stripes, checks, plaids and floral too. All these fabrics
are used to create an illusion of an image on a figure which gives a
better view of what a senator wear looks like, Creating a style depends
solely on the human figure and the fabrics. Although the plain and
2
texture fabrics seems to give the senator wear a better look since the
plain fabric can be used for the production of trouser while the texture
fabric with a combination of plain can be used to create an effect on
the senator top. The same too goes for fabrics like stripes, checks,
plaids and floral.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the observation, the senator clothing has one
particular style of production over the years, mostly it’s always long,
it has pleats or ruffles and sometimes very big plackets with heavy
buttons wrapped with chains and it’s loose fit top. This study is going
to review the existing styles and to come up with trendy styles that
will be suitable for modern men and the use of plain and pattern
fabrics will help to create a new style for men, rather than using
fabrics like plain, plaids and even check fabrics. The plain and pattern
fabric tends to down tone the color of the fabrics that compliments
the complexion of the skin of men.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general aim of this study is to produce senator wears using
plain and pattern fabrics, the objective of the study are as follows:
i.
To illustrate all the styles for the production.
ii.
To draft the measurement into blocks.
3
iii.
To adapt it into different styles.
iv.
To have a layout marker and ready to cut into fabrics pattern
pieces.
v.
To assemble the fabric pattern pieces together.
vi.
To display the final garment on a model.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is as follows: The study intends to
reveal the various styles of the production in the department of
fashion and design and clothing technology for the students to see
and observe the trendy method of producing senators’ wears (ETIBO).
The fashion industries too will not be left out since the senator
wears after being produced will be launched out for the fashion
followers
to
have
a
view
of
the
trendy
senator
wears.
The students of fashion design and clothing technology will benefit
from this study as they will have the opportunity to learn and observes
the methods and stages of producing senator wear (ETIBO) which will
help them in their course of study. And finally, the results of this study
will be kept in the archive of the department of fashion design for
further researchers who want to embark on such topic or they will
want to build on the existing literatures.
4
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is all about the production of senator
(clothing) wear for modern men and the fabrics used were plain and
pattern.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
The study was confronted with some challenges which affected
the project. They are:
Finance: the covid-19 affected most salaries earners and that
affected us too because we were not given money on time due to the
fact that civil servant salaries was delayed.
High Cost of Material. This really affected most material,
fashion accessories, and this in turn affect the choice and selection of
good fabrics because the money within our disposal is not sufficient,
and the available ones in the market are very expensive.
Time. The time was too short because there were no much
literatures and materials online. We have to source for information
manually, through interview from persons who lived there and know
much about the (Etibo clothing) that we are writing about which is
popularly known as Senator wears.
5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter has to do with the review of related literatures that
will aid this study. The chapter has the following sub-heading:
i.
What are senator wears?
ii.
History of senator
iii.
Types of senator wears?
iv.
Contemporary use of senator wears
2.1 What is Senator Wears?
Senator wear is a kind of attire or regalia from the south-south
people, precisely Rivers and Bayelsa state. The attire can be seen as
a long flowing top with pleats, bibs, ruffles and a big placket with gold
or silver buttons wrapped with chains.
According to Briggs (2009) stated that the senator wear is
popularly called or known as “ETIBO”. That Etibo is a special shirt that
is meant for the Ijaws and Ikwerre peoples of both Rivers and Bayelsa
state, Etibo is their royal robes which they put on for special
occasions.
Kingsley (2010) defined the Etibo as a native shirt which is worn
for special occasions like wedding ceremony, political meetings and
so on.
6
The shirt consists of pleats, small tucks, big or small placket gold
or silver button wrapped with chains also, it is a loose-fitting shirt
“Etibo” has two types, three-quarter length and full length. West
(2009) described the shirt as a special shirt. Also, he said that the
shirt signifies the cultural heritage of the Ijaws and the Ikweri people.
The shirt has it’s own origin from the two states which is now popular
in the country, just like formal shirt which is a household name, Etibo
too is equally a house-hold product.
Kenneth (2010), buttressed more by adding that Etibo is a
special traditional robe for the Ijaws and Ikweri people. Originally, the
Etibo is worn on George wrapper, but now it has taken a new
dimension in the fashion industry in Nigeria. Any new trend that is
launched into the fashion circle, so long the fashion leaders lead the
way, after a while it will gain it’s popularity. Today senator wears is
virtually becoming a house-hold name and can be seen more in every
man’s wardrobe and this has proven that just the way Babariga and
Kaftan in the North, Agbada and Danshiki, in the South-West and Isiagu in the South-East and senator which is “Etibo” is for the SouthSouth people which has an identity through clothing.
7
2.2 History of Senator Wears
Historically, the senator wears which is known as “Etibo”
originated from the South-South region of Nigeria. Precisely from
Bayelsa and Rivers state. The attire was their traditional robes worn
for special occasions. The senator wears, which is Etibo was usually
long and loose-fitting attire with a wrapper and walking stick. Due to
the fact that the political scene of Nigeria has opened a new era where
legislatives needs to move for motion in the plenary on issues
bothering their regions, becomes a major factor to consider, just the
way clothing plays a major role in shaping an individual impression or
status.
Kingsley (2010), Said the senator wears was seen among
legislative representing the South-South geo-political region. The
Ijaws and the Ikweri’s people made the dress as their official attire in
the legislatives chamber that was when it started to gain its
popularity. Clothing is a mode or symbol of identification just like
when people that put on Babariga, one will know that they are from
the Northern region of Nigeria the same goes with the Ishi-agu of the
South-East region, likewise Agbada of the South-West region. The
former President Goodluck-Ebele Jonathan made it more popular in
the country at that time by making it his official attire and with this
8
based on identification, one will know that he represents the SouthSouth region of Nigeria.
It is obvious that the kind of information that is communicated
by clothing is of a restricted and specialized kind. Clothing signs could
not be used to express a desire for a door to be opened or to argue
the
case
for
euthanasia.
We
could
use
another
mode
of
communication, one better suited to our purpose such as word or
gesture even if those words were “worn” displayed on a T-shirt or
badge. Our bodies and clothes constitute our physical presence in the
world, particularly the social world we live in. They are the means by
which our place and our participation in that social world are signified.
Clothing like senator wear expresses an individual’s social identity. It
is one of the basis conditions of social life that individuals have to be
able to recognize each other social identity. They need to know the
role or roles each person is playing, the group they belong to, their
status within this groups and even their status within the society as a
whole. These are innumerable ways that this kind of information is
conveyed to an onlooker but senator wears (Etibo) can be an
important vehicle for social communications in many situations.
There are so many ways in which senator clothing and other
various
forms
of
body
modification
9
acts
as
forms
of
social
communication transmitting information about the social identity and
activities of the Southern Ijaw people. They tell us about the individual
in relation to the community to which he belongs. As we have seen
senator clothing or wears and other forms of adornment are used to
emphasize social similarities to communicate a common identity.
There are many examples of senator clothing being used to suppress
individual differences and an illusion to total conformity according to
George (2009).
History of Plain and Pattern
Plain weave is a weave in which every thread alternatively
passes over and under the threads of the other system, and in which
each thread weaves exactly opposite to the adjoining threads. Plain
weave gives the simplest form of interlacing but it is used for more
than any other weave. It gives a greater number of intersections per
unit space than any other weave and, other factors being equal, will
give a stronger fabric. There are many ways of ornamenting and
varying the weave are used; e.g by using threads of different color,
material, count or twist. Common examples of plain weave fabrics are
sheeting, lawn, muslin, chiffon, and so on. Other names for the plain
weave are: tabby, calico, taffeta.
10
3 plain weave is popularly called tabby by many weavers. The
American Heritage Dictionary describes plain weave as a weave in
which the filling threads and the wrap threads interlace alternatively,
forming a checkerboard pattern. The diagrams above show plain
weave formed by using only two shafts or sheds which are mainly
found on a rigid heddle loom or a simple loom with only two shafts.
The diagram on the right above is a plain weave structure threaded
on four shafts and treadled or used on a dobby, table or electronic
loom. The treadles would be shown as they would be tied up in the
diagram above (treadles shown in black squares and used in the
sequence shown in the treadling area). Note that colour bar; appear
above the threading or warp area and to the side of the treadling or
weft area. In most computer weaving programs this is how colour is
depicted.
If the colour area is show in black convention dictates that black
indicates warp and white indicates weft but this does not always hold
true. Similarly, few programs show numerals in their draw down
diagrams but the norm is black squares in both warp and weft. A good
program will allow the diagram to be read from top to bottom or vice
versa. Although many of the older conventions used in weaving show
the top to bottom method, this will not be successful if figures or linear
11
designs are used as they will appear upside down as the weaving
progresses. A man standing on his head is rather unusual. While many
weavers still thread from right to left (probably because the loom is
situated with light coming from the right or because it seems easier
to thread heddles from right to left). This is not how most of us read.
The weaving industry and most modern weavers look at a diagram
reading from left to right. When threading, it does not matter if it is
done from the center out to the sides, from left to right or from right
to left as long as it appears on the loom as shown in the diagram.
Plain weave does not have a preference for direction, but pattern
weaving if not symmetrically must be done according to the diagram
or it will not be successful. Relationship between the diagram and the
actual thread interlacement (note the black squares or vertical bars
indicate warp). Warp faced plain weave with pick up areas. When
reading old European weaving books, the word Leinwand meaning
linen is used to indicate plain weave. Another reference to plain weave
is from the Ha-ovufa Technology & Trade Company where, in addition
to their Plain and Weave wire, they weave wire called Hollander
(Dutch) Weave where the warp wires remain straight while the weft
wires are plain weave to lie as close as possible against each other in
“linen” weave.
12
All of these plain weave drawdowns could be done on two shafts
but the examples show that they can also be done on four or more
even numbers of shafts. The tie up in the upper left corner will always
have to show over other shaft being lifted for the first weft shot and
opposite shafts being lifted for the second weft shot. This is repeated
throughout the weaving. The colour bars show the sequence of
colours to be used for both the warp and the weft. The numbers on
top and beside the bars give the number of threads of each colour to
be used Of course.
2.3 Types of Senator Wears
Senator clothing comes in two different types, majorly long and
short. In recent times the short ones seems to be more fashionable
in style rather than the long one, that look more like a traditional robe,
most men today, put on the short length due to it’s uniqueness of
styles for some, the style has just round neckline with invisible zipper
at one side of the drop shoulder, in from with small embroidery or
contrasting
colours
complexion,
while
that
seems
sometimes
the
to
compliment
styles
has
the
placket
persons
that
is
proportionate to the body size of the wearer or figure and sometimes
it has plastic buttons to serve as a decorative instead of functional.
13
However, no matter how one wants to design and sew the
senator wears clothing it comes out beautifully made depending on
the special events that is meant for and it signifies the region where
the person is representing. Senator clothing is one type of dress that
create an image or impression for others to see how influential you
are and it also helps to establish a sense of identity for the wearer.
2.4 Contemporary Usage of Senator Wears
The senator clothing can be seen as one of the regional attires
worn today in this country. The fact that it speaks volumes of the
South- South people it also gives the sense of identity. Most men
today that has or put on this type of clothing pay little attention to
where it’s originates from and what it signifies. The fashion circle of
senator clothing has transformed significantly over the years and is
one of the official native dresses in the country today. Ever since it
gained its popularity most men wear it to formal occasions, just like
the Kaftan in the North. Although, of lately, women too are not left
off this noble gesture, they too are partaking in the wearing of senator
wear, they too want to enjoy what the men folks are enjoying.
The senator clothing has different styles for children, young and
the elderly and women too as well, so depending on the creative mind
of the designer on what he wants to create and sew. Whatever style
14
that is being created, it only shows that the clothing or dress has come
to stay and the fashion circle will continue to re-circle to produce
beautifully and interesting styles that will fascinate the fashion
industry in Nigeria.
15
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is all about the methodology which the study adapts
in the course of the research work. The chapter has sub-headings as
follows: 
Research design

Data collection

Operation breakdown
3.1 Research Design
This study is experimented and descriptive. It would be based
on innovation studio experiment
3.2 Data Collection
The data collection in this study are classified into primary and
secondary data. The primary data collection gathered through direct
observation and experiment while the secondary data collected
through books, journals and internet articles.
3.3 Operation Breakdown
Under
this
production,
operational
process
involved
are
the
illustration, pattern drafting, adaptations laying and cutting, sewing
16
and exhibition. Below are the procedures taken under each
operational process.
Materials Used

Measuring tape

Tape

Brown paper

Making tape

Pencil

Erasers

T-square

Set square

French curves

Push pins

Rulers

Scissors (paper)

Tracing wheel

Tool and equipment

Cutting shears

Office pins

Pressing iron
17

Sewing machine (thread)

Over locking sewing machine
List of Materials

Plain and pattern fabrics

Pencil

Threads

Buttons

Interfacing

Fuse web
3.4 Illustration of Design for Production of Senator’s Wear
Illustration is defined according to Hanstech (2019), as the basic
transmission of an idea into a creative design, through diagrams and
drawings. It is a visual way of explaining different design ideas from
the above definition, it can be said that illustration is one of the visual
tool used by fashion designers in production of styles. Illustration is
the decoration, interpretation or visual explanation of a text, concept
or process, design for integration in print and digitally published media
such as posters, flyers, magazines, books teaching materials,
animation, video games and films. From the above definition,
illustrate is majorly used by fashion designers to represent their ideas
18
on paper or computer using digital software such as Adobe Photoshop
and illustration.
According to Sawa B. (2020) illustration is simply a visual
imaginary that is known for interpretation defining, explaining and
decorating the words in books, newspaper and online media.
Illustration forms the initial face of every style. It is also the realization
of an idea into a drawing model or pattern on which actual production
of an item can be achieved by a team or an individual. Illustration
helps in visualizing ideas, promotes and introduces new trends and
also eliminate waste, as fashion designers make sketch of design
patterns of cloth such as senator wears to preview and visualize
design before the actual clothing. Designers uses medium such as
gouache, market, pastel and ink to convey details of garments and
the feeling involved by the artist.
Before a senator wear can be made, there is need for design
innovation to be identified and considered. The overall purpose for
design illustration is to make plan for what the designer wish to
achieved.
19
Procedure of Drafting Shirt
The first stage is the plain empty brown paper
The second stage is to rule out the 2 inches at the top line and an inch at the top
left-hand corner of the brown paper
20
Thirdly is to square out the chest, waist and seat lines
21
The measurement for the drafting of a shirt which will be used to
adapt to the senator’s wear, (Etibo) length: 34, shoulder: 20, chest:
44, waist: 42, seat; 46, sleeve; 9/9
Steps For Back:
i.
The first step is to add the recommended ease to the horizontal
measurements, which is 6 inches.
ii.
The seat measurement which is the biggest is what will be used
in drafting.
iii.
The seat measurement plus the ease is 53 inches, this will be
divided into 2 or half of the measurement will be applied at the
top line
iv.
Again, it will be divided into two, the line in the middle separates
the front and back shirt. Although, based on the measurement
111/2 inches will be measured downwards to chest line, while the
remaining distance between the chest line and seat line will be
divided into two and two inches upward to get the waist line.
v.
The seat line remains the same.
vi.
After getting the chest line, the next to do is to get the neck 2
¾ of an inch is applied at the top line. Then on the same spot,
1½ inches upward, then you curve back to the top line.
22
vii.
Half of the shoulder measurement is applied at the top line and
the square downward to meet the chest line.
viii.
From the top line, measure 5 inches downward to get the yoke
line and square out to meet the shoulder line. After which ¼ of
an inch is extended at the top line, which will be drawn
downwards to meet the yoke line
ix.
¼ of the chest measurement plus ease is applied at the waist
line and mark
x.
¼ of the waist measurement is applied at the waist line
xi.
The same goes for the seat too
xii.
Then you connect the points together to form the back shirt
Front Shirt
i.
1 ½ and half inches will be measured downward from the top
line. After which it will be squared out.
ii.
The same 2 ¾ inches is the same that will be applied at the neck
in front while 3 inches downwards.
iii.
1 ½ inches to get the shoulder slope
iv.
The same shoulder measurement is applied at the front
v.
The same chest line measurement is applied to the front
23
vi.
The same for the waist, and the seat
vii.
Connect all the markings to the complete shirt, both front and
back inclusive.
viii.
The sleeve
ix.
The sleeve is the total circumference of the armhole
x.
The sleeve length is 25, Bicep is 18, wrist is 13
xi.
Half of the total armhole is divided into two and applies at the
top line
xii.
Is further divided again into two.
xiii.
Measured 3 ½ and half inches from the top line and square it.
xiv.
Draw the slant line from Apex to where the 3 ½ line is
xv.
Divide the lines in between and get the middle and mark the first
part
xvi.
Curve the line from the apex to where it will stop, after which,
mark all the spots and curve out the sleeve/block out.
Trouser
The measurement for the trouser is length: 42, waist: 33, seat: 43,
waist to knee:23, knee:20, ankle; 18, crutch: 10 ½
24
25
26
STEPS:
i.
¼ of the seat plus ease is what is applied at the top line.
ii.
Then where it stopped, apply the crutch to get the square.
iii.
After which the square will be divided into four, ¼ of it is the
fork-extension.
iv.
To get the crease line, ¼ of seat plus ease plus the forkextension divided by two
v.
Measure downwards 23 inches to get the knee line.
vi.
Measure the full length of the trouser.
vii.
Apply half of the knee measurement at the knee, the same goes
to the ankle
viii.
Then connect all the points to get the front trouser and to get
the back is to extend with two inches in the knee and ankle,
while the fork-extension is the same with half inch
ix.
The slant of the back line to connect to the center back line.
x.
Complete the whole trouser and trace the whole patterns place,
3.5 ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION 1
The style is long sleeve with a placket and welt pocket in front
of the top. The colour is maroon (which is known as ox-blood colour)
the trouser is the same plain
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The second style is the same but different colours, brown was used
and floral pieces was attached towards the hemline.
ADAPTATION 2
The style has multi-colours in front that gives it a mosaic shape
but well pattern, the trouser is sky blue while the second style is mint
green with round neck with a combination of ash or grey color while
the trouser is plain mint green.
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ADAPTATION 3
The style is the senator top with plain and pattern fabrics, sky
blue and navy blue, the combination gives it a better style, the top
has the combination of the two colours, while the trouser is sky blue,
The second style is almost the same with the first but some
alteration were made with the top that make it different from the rest
of the various styles.
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ASSEMBLING PROCESS TOP
i.
Overlock all the edges and press.
ii.
Prepared the placket or the bias neck line
iii.
Stich the front and back together with the yoke exclusive and
press open.
iv.
Prepared the welt pocket very well and seal temporary.
v.
Attached the zipper at the neck.
vi.
Attached additional piece that beautifies the top.
vii.
Attached the sleeves and close the sides.
viii. Then press it very well and attach all fasteners to it.
TROUSER
i.
Overlocking all the edges and press.
ii.
Prepare the side pockets and press.
iii.
Attached the fly with the zipper.
iv.
Attach the welt pocket at back of the trouser.
v.
Stich the trouser both front and back at the outside seams.
vi.
Attached the waist band and press.
vii.
Finished their waist band with a prefer sham.
viii.
And close the inside seam and press both seam lines open.
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ix.
Press the entire trouser and hem.
x.
And package it well.
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REFERENCE
Ben Arnold (2014). The Cultural Regalia of the Ikweris and Its
Significance to Fashion. A Journal; page 19 Published 2014.
Benson Kenneth (2010). The Life Style of The Ijaw Nation. A Journal
page 35 published 2010.
Frank Kingsley (2010). The Ijaw’s Fashion Magazines on Men’s
Clothing. Page 50, published 2010.
Gregorg Geoge (2009) The Rule of Etibo: The Modern Fashion,
Published 2009.
John West (2009) The Cultural Heritage of the South-South People. A
Journal, Page 14, Published 2009. Retrieved from www.wiripedia
(2010) on Production Management.
Timipere West (2016) The Significance of Etibo to The South-South
People. A Journal, page 25, published 2016.
Tom Briggs (2009) The Ikweris Traditional Outfit. A Journal, page 10
published 2009.
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