Abstract
It is stated that this report and the concerned project is purely the
outcome of our very own hard work and tireless efforts. It covers
all the major aspects that needed highlight regarding the touch
less doorbell
The purpose of this report is to cover all the major aspects of the
topic
assigned.
The
major
specifications
included
the
development of an touch less doorbell.
Covering the aspects ranging from the selection of software,
simulating the circuit to get the desired outputs each part has been
given its required importance while compiling this report.
1 Introduction
This is one of the very interesting and much useful circuits in our real life named “Automatic
Doorbell Ranging System”. If we install this automatic Doorbell using object detection circuit,
the circuit will automatically sense the presence of the person and it rings the doorbell. The
circuit operates using a pair of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules which are used to
detect the person and then if the person is detected, the door bell is automatically turned ON
when the person is in-front of the door.
2 Background and Motivation
Now a day’s Door Bells have an important role in every house. its much easier to press a single
button to call the person in house then smashing the door continuously. we take this technology
a step further by including a circuit which give more ease to person outside the house.
With the help of this circuit the person is only needed to stand in front of the house the circuit
will detect the person and make the bell to ring.
3 Project Design
3.1 Development Stages
Following were the discrete phases we have experienced incrementally to realize our product in
the given time:
3.1.1 COLLECTING COMPONENTS
We started the project by creating a list of the components required and their respective amounts
including IR sensor, LM 358 IC,Buzzer etc.
3.1.2 CONNETING COMPONENTS AS IN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
The next step followed was to connect all the components correctly as in circuit diagram on the
bread board. We made sure that all the connections are proper and right, because only one
mistake can affect the whole functioning of the device.
3.1.3 GIVING POWER TO THE CIRCUIT
Then we connected a battery with the circuit and passed some objects in front of the IR sensor
and IR sensor counted them without any error.
3.2 Key Components
Following are the key components that need special attention from developer’s viewpoint. we
explain the approaches taken, along with their advantages and/or limitations.
3.2.1 IR Sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic device,
that emits in order to sense some aspects of
the surroundings. An IR sensor can
measure the heat of an object as well as
detects the motion. The emitter is simply
an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the
detector is simply an IR photodiode which
is sensitive to IR light of the same
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode. The resistances and these output voltages, change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
3.2.2 LM358
The LM358 IC is a great, low power and easy
to use dual channel op-amp.It consists of two
internally frequency compensated, high gain,
independent op-amps. This IC is designed for
specially to operate from a single
power
supply over a wide range of voltages. The
LM358 IC is available in a chip sized package
and applications of this op amp include
conventional op-amp circuits, DC gain blocks
and transducer amplifiers. LM358 IC is a good, standard operational amplifier and it is
suitable for your needs. It can handle 3-32V DC supply & source up to 20mA per
channel. This op-amp is apt, if you want to operate two separate op-amps for a single
power supply. It’s available in an 8-pin DIP package.
4 Working
This system use IR transmitter which throws signals continuously, after connected to supply,
it detects the objects near to it by striking its signal to that object which reflects from it and
received by IR receiver this signal is then amplified by IC LM 358 which contains OP-AMP
which amplifies signal voltage which is then transferred to LED to glow and to Buzzer or alarm
which beeps to tell that an object is in front of IR transmitter.
4.1 Learning Outcomes
Working on this project has been an amazing experience it served not only as a learning ground
for the subject but also taught us the use of the software that holds great importance in the years
to come It helped us to modify our thinking and develop an easy way to ever hurdle encountered
and to struggle our way to the end.
Another lesson this project taught us was of the importance of precision. The skill to opt the best
the choice of components to achieve most accurate and precise outputs and the difference that
occurs with minute differences in the reading of the components used. Thus, this project played
an important role to make us sufficient enough to simulate a circuit that we need to develop.
5 Conclusions
In this project, we have investigated and developed that concluding with all the required
information of the components in use, development of circuit and its simulation on software.
Achieving the desired output and observing it to manipulate the results held major importance
in clearing the concepts regarding the concerned topic.
Appendix A: Simulation
Software
The software I elected to implement the circuit is Proteous 8 Professional.
Proteus. It is a software suite containing schematic, simulation as well as PCB
designing. ISIS is the software used to draw schematics and simulate the circuits in
real time. The simulation allows human access during run time, thus providing
real time simulation.
Proteous Simulation
Using the PROTEOUS software, the components were inserted.
A list of components along with their specification runs as follow:
❖ Micro-controller LM358
❖ IR Emitter
❖ IR Receiver
❖ Buzzer
❖ 10KOhm Variable resistor(Rheostat)
❖ Resistor-(100, 220, 10K)Ohm
❖ LED(any color)
Appendix B: List of Components
❖ Micro-controller LM358
❖ IR Emitter
❖ IR Receiver
❖ Buzzer
❖ 10KOhm Variable resistor(Rheostat)
❖ Resistor-(100, 220, 10K)Ohm
❖ LED(any color)
❖ Battery(9V)
❖ Breadboard
❖ Connecting wires and battery clip