MIL 2nd GRADING
UNIT2 LESSON5: TEXT MEDIA & INFORMATION
TEXT - It is a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas
whether hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.
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Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and
giving suggestions.
It is everywhere. Literally.
FORMAL TEXT - Formal text-based materials are created and distributed by established
institutions (such as publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a
rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are usually governed by censorship of the
state.
INFORMAL TEXT - Informal text-based materials come from personal opinions or views
on different issues, processes, etc.
EXAMPLES: interviews, monologues, unscripted commentaries, conversations, spoken
narratives, advertisements, journals, blogs and website articles, email and blogs,
narratives produced by a writer.
Text can be as short such as a single sentence or phrase, or they can be as lengthy as
news articles or investigative reporting.
No matter how brief or lengthy, a text is always carefully written with the intent of
sending a very specific message to the target audience.
TYPES OF TEXT
HYPERTEXT - serve to link different electronic documents and enable users to jump
from one to other in a nonlinear way.
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a clickable icon or text in a presentation or text that led to other text documents,
websites, or page(s)
PLAIN TEXT OR UNFORMATTED TEXT - fixed sized characters with the same type of
appearance, containing only printable characters, white space, and line breaks.
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any text, text file, or document that contains only text.
FORMATTED TEXT - the appearance can be changed using font parameters (bold,
underline, italic, font size, font color, etc.)
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any text that contains special formatting such as font size, font color, bold, italic, etc.
TYPEFACE
FONT, FONT TYPE/FONT STYLE - A typeface is the design of lettering that can include
variations in size, weight, slope, width, and so on. Each of these variations of the
typeface is a font.
SERIF - Connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts
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Usually used for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines, and research
publications
Give a classic elegant look when used for title or heading.
EXAMPLES: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
SANS SERIF - Brings a clean or minimalist look to the text Used for clear and direct
meaning of text such as
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road signage, building directory, or nutrition facts, in food packages
Give a modern look and is used primarily for webpage design
EXAMPLES: ARIAL, HELVETICA, TAHOMA, VERDANA, CALIBRE
SLAB SERIF - Carries a solid or heavy look to a text
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Can be used for large advertising signs on billboard
EXAMPLES: ROCKWELL, PLAYBILL, BEVAN
SCRIPT - brush-like strokes not to be used to large body text and must be used sparingly
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Usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events
Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler
DECORATIVE - Caters to a wide variety of emotions (celebration, horror, fear etc.), or
themes (cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie)
EXAMPLES: HIGH TIDE GEOMETRIC, MORE SUGAR THIN, RIG SOLID MEDDIUM FILL
Typefaces carry certain “characters” and “personalities. ” Some might give the reader an
impression of femininity or masculinity, some might capture the mood of a particular
era or culture, and others might give the reader a casual feel or an air of
professionalism. Choosing a typeface that matches and enhances the message you’re
trying to convey will make it more effective.
EMPHASIS – THIS REFERS TO THE IMPORTANCE value given to a part of the text-based
content. When trying to make a point or a highlighting message, you can make the text
bold, italicized, have a heavier weight, darkened or lightened (depending on your
background color) or enlarged.
APPROPRIATENESS – this refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific
audience, purpose or event. In the creation of text-based content, make sure that the
selection criteria (tone, style, purpose, clarity) is followed.
PROXIMITY – this refers to how near or far the text elements from each other. When
two things are closely related, we bring them close together. Otherwise, we put text
elements far from each other. For example, the main tittle and subtitle are usually
placed close to each other.
ALIGNEMNT – refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right,
center or justified.
ORGANIZATION – this refers to the conscious effort to organize the different text
elements in a page. Organization ensures that while some text elements are separated
from each other, they are still somehow connected with the rest of the elements in the
page.
REPITITION – concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design.
Repetition encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page, it might
distract the audience and fail to communicate what you want them to get from the
contest. To strike a balance, do not also use just a single typeface for a visual design
product.
CONTRAST – is achieved when two elements are different from each other. When you
place a white text on a very light background, contrast is not achieved and the text will
be difficult to read , with the right mix of light and darkness. Try using large font with
small font, serif with sans serif, thick lines with thin, and cool color with warm color.
LEGIBILITY - it's whether people are able to see, distinguish, and recognize the
characters and words in your text which is mainly determined by visual design,
specifically typography
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an informal measure of how easy it is to distinguish one letter from another in a
particular typeface.
READABILITY - is about the reader – the ease with which a reader can successfully
decipher, process, and make meaning of the text read.
Text Properties to Consider
1.TYPEFACE CHOICE - The purpose of your text must be concordant with your choice of
typeface. Typefaces are categorized into two groups:
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Text Typefaces - used for legibility , typically for small print and for long passages of
text
Display Typefaces - used when projecting a mood or attitude typically for names,
logos, titles, headings, and other short passages of text (larger or more decorative).
2.TYPESTYLE - This refer to a modified version of a typeface. For instance, text could be
set in italic, bold, ALL CAPS, or underlined types. Most are very useful for emphasis, and
work well for display types; however, long passages of body type should rarely be set in
one of these types.
3.COLOR - The color of text against the color of the background it’s printed on is a major
contributing factor to legibility. Black text on a white background is by far the most
legible combination. Studies have shown that black text on lightly tinted backgrounds
are both legible and found attractive by most people.
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Texts and backgrounds that utilize different levels of brightness of the same color
have shown similar results. Though contrasting background and text colors
generally serve well to distinguish the two, certain contrasting color combinations
cause eye strain and should not be used. The same can be said for text colors that
blend into the background’ s color because they render the text unreadable.
4.POINT SIZE - The point size of letters affects their legibility. Text that is too small is
difficult to read. If the size of the letters is so big that the reader cannot read the text
using normal eye sweeps, the physiology of reading will be disrupted and slowed. A
proper point size must be utilized, depending on the text’ s intended purpose and
audience.
5.SPACING - Overly-tight spacing interferes with the reader’s ability to recognize word
forms. An r n that melts together to look like an m, a c l that looks like a d, or a v v that
looks like a w is bound to trip people up, for example. When word spacing is too wide,
however, readers have to search for the next word in the sentence and the reading
process is slowed.
KERNING - the spacing between letters or characters in a piece of text to be printed.
UNIT2 LESSON 6: VISUAL MEDIA & INFORMATION
VISUAL INFORMATION - form of information that is created to see visually; can be in the
form of a visual display unit or sign.
examples: still photographs, motion pictures/videos, graphic arts, posters, visual aids,
models, display, visual presentation services: multimedia presentation, infographics,
charts and graphs.
VISUAL MEDIA - forms of media where information is represented through the use of
visuals a linguistic tool with which we communicate, exchange ideas and navigate our
complex world a tool used for visual communication, advertising, education, business,
training guides which aid for effective understanding and recall of data among
target/intended audiences.
VISUAL INFO/MEDIA – IMAGES, GRAPHICS
VECTOR GRAPHICS - comprised of paths, which are defined by a start and end point the
path can be a line, a square, a triangle, or a curvy shape which can be used in creating
simple drawings or complex diagrams.
RASTER GRAPHICS- these are images you see on your computer screen, pictures found
on the Web and photos, you import from your digital camera made up of grid of pixels,
commonly referred to as a bitmap.
PURPOSE OF VISUAL MEDIA - gain attention, create meaning, facilitate retention
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Content with relevant images get 94%more reviews
People retain55%more information when paired with an image
Visuals increase a person’s willingness to read by 80%
VISUAL LITERACY – is all about understanding what you see.
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Is a form of critical thinking.
Is important for people in every field.
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL DESIGN
LINE - refers to the shape or outline that may create texture and an appearance of
thick/thin in objects
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can be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
SHAPE - A geometric area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because
of differences in value, color, or texture (may also be organic).
VALUE - refers to the degree of lightness and darkness in a design (contrast between
black and white and all the tones in between) also used to express extreme changes
between values and elements in a design.
TEXTURE - shows the way a surface feel or is perceived to feel
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this gives an illusion of the surfaces to show a feeling of smoothness or roughness in
objects
this is usually added to the design to attract interest to a specific visual element
COLOR- an important element of design as it is a universal language which presents the
countless possibilities of visual communication
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refers to hue, saturation, and brightness
FORM - a figure having volume and thickness
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an illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and shading,
Form can be viewed from many angles
PRICIPLES OF VISUAL DESIGN
CONSISTENCY - Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary,
especially in slide presentations or documents that are more than one page.
CENTER OF INTEREST - an area that first attracts attention in a composition
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this area is more important when compared to the other objects or elements in a
composition
• can be by contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the format
BALANCE - a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.
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can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced
Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating balance in
a composition
HARMONY - this brings together a composition with similar units.
• example your composition was using wavy lines and organic shapes, you would stay
with those types of lines and not put in just one geometric shape.
CONTRAST - offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition
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Contrast shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to
bring objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used to create an area of
emphasis.
DIRECTION MOVEMENT - refers to the visual flow in the composition it can be the
suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to object by way of placement
and position can be created with a value pattern e.g., placement of dark and light areas
that you can move your attention through the format.
RHYTHM - a movement in which some elements recur regularly, combining and
highlighting sections and element groups with color.
PERSPECTIVE - Perspective is the technique that is used to create the illusion of depth
in your picture. Perspective makes your picture look like it is moving to the distance like
in a landscape or cityscape.
IMAGE FILE TYPE
JPG/JPEG
JOINT PHOTOGRAPIC EXPERT GROUP - the most common file type, known for their
"lossy " compression, meaning that the quality of the image decreases as the file size
decreases.
BMP
BITMAP - large and uncompressed, images are rich in color, high in quality
GIF
GRAPHIC INTERCHARGE FORMAT - a raster file format designed for relatively basic
images that appear with basic animations
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each file can support up to 8 bits per pixel and can contain 256 indexed colors
TIFF
TAGGED IMAGE FILE FORMATS - a standard file format that is largely used in the
publishing and printing industry and does not use compression much compared to
other image file formats.
UNIT2 LESSON 7: MOTION INFORMATION MEDIA
MOTION – is the action process of moving or being moved
MOTION MEDIA - "A form of media that has the appearance of moving text and graphics
on a display and its purpose is to communicate information in multiple ways" (Roblyer,
2006).
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"An integrated sight-and-sound kinetic media."(Shelton, 2004).
A form of media based on moving images with audio, in essence a visual media
Examples: Film and Cinema, Electronic Billboards, Television shows, Online videos,
Phone gaming.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTION MEDIA
1. It communicates message to large, heterogenous, and anonymous audiences.
2. It communicates the same message to mass audiences simultaneously, sometimes in
public, other times in private.
3. It embodies messages that are usually impersonal and transitory.
4. It is multisensory such that the audience's sight and hearing are stimulated in concert.
Such a combination of sensory stimuli forms a complex synergism that can significantly
enhance communication.
5. It is a format, authoritative channel of communication. Accordingly, its power in
informing and entertaining lies in the communicator's ability to control visual and aural
stimuli.
6. It is instrumental in behavior and attitude modification- that is, attitude to change,
conservation, and directing a performed attitude to a new direction.
7. It confers status upon issues, persons, or organizations, or social movements.
MOTION MEDIA TYPES/FORMATS
FILM - also known as a "movie" or a "motion picture," is a series of moving images
shown on a screen, usually with sound, that make up a story.
FILM FORMATS/TYPES
ANIMATED FILMS – made up of series of slightly different drawing of people, animals,
objects, that make them appear to move.
SHORT FILMS - any film that is too short to be considered a feature film
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"An original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including
all credits" (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)
DOCUMENTARY FILMS - a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality
for the purposes of education or entertainment
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often used/created to reveal an unusual, interesting or unknown angle or story
INDEPENDENT/INDIE FILMS - Movies produced outside of the big studio system
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Produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies
MAINSTREAM CINEMA FILMS - produced by big production companies and are
released and screened in first-run theatres
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What makes the film “mainstream” is that it caters to a wider audience, and that it
also popular with most people – the masses.
MOTION PICTURE IN TELEVISION - any Motion Picture, including television series,
produced or distributed for initial Exhibition on television, including broadcast, cable,
Internet, satellite and all other forms of television Exhibition.
TYPES OF MOTION PICTURE IN TV - Commercial advertisement on TV, Philippine ,
melodrama, Reality show, Game show, Talk show, Television news
INTERACTIVE VIDEOS - a type of video that allows the user to actively engage with the
content they see
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contains clickable elements that either take the user to another part of the video or
to another webpage altogether.
TYPES OF INTERACTIVE VIDEOS
“CUSTOMNIZABLE” ONLINE INTERACTIVE VIDEOS - customizable videos that allows
users to adjust some variables and then play the video based on the user’s particular
references.
“CONVERSATIONAL” ONLINE INTERACTIVE VIDEOS – conversational videos allows the
user to interact with a video in a turn-based manner, almost as though the user was
having a simple conversation with the characters in the video.
“EXPLORATORY” ONLINE INTERACTIVE VIDEOS - exploratory videos allow the user to
move through.
OTHER MOTION MEDIEA EXAMPLES
LIVE STREAM - real-time videos shared on social media platforms (as opposed to videos
filmed in advance and then posted to social media).
HOW ARE MOTION MEDIA PRODUCED AND DESSIMINATED?
1.DEVELOPMENT - development stage includes fleshing out the story idea, writing a
draft of the script, and figuring out the financial logistics of the project.
2.PREPRODUCTION – this stage involves finalizing the script, hiring the actors and crew,
finding location, determining what equipment you’ll need, and figuring out the budget.
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The planning stage of a film, where all details to the films is solidified.
PREPRODUCTION 7 ELEMENTS – script breakdown, budget, schedule, crew, planning,
talent, rehearsal.
3.PRODUCTION - also known as principal photography, is when all the actual shooting
and recording happens — with cameras, actors, and location licenses.
4. POST-PRODUCION - where all of the pieces of the film come together
this stage involves editing, color grading, visual effects, audio and visual materials are
cut together to turn the raw footage into a finished film.
5.DISTRIBUTION – the final stage of the production, which occur after your movie has
been edited, and is ready for viewing.
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Promotional marketing will advertise the movie, and any commitments to investors
and rights holders will be completed.
Depending on the distribution deal, the film may be released into theaters, on DVD,
or onto an alternative digital media platform.
ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS OF MOTION MEDIA
ADVANTAGES
1. Great way of demonstrating and guiding step by step processes
2. Flexible: pace (rewind, fast forward and pause)
3. Accessible (DVDs, online and live streams)
4. Attractive
5. Connection (users/audience can be linked with others from different communities,
backgrounds and cultures).
DISADVANTAGES/LIMITATIONS
1. Fixed Pace
2. Still Phenomena
3. Misinterpretation
4. Cost
Movies are not necessarily mirrors of reality. They just depict a certain reality that may
be relatable to the audiences.
Movies recreate some of life's truth in a way that it captures your imagination, which is
why they potentially have a greater impact than other forms of media.
Motion media are a gem to culture and the arts because it bridges the gap between the
presentation of narratives and the technical aspects of storytelling.
CAMERA SHOT – is composed of the series of frames that are shot uninterrupted from
the moment the camera starts rolling until it stops. Camera shots are essential aspect if
film making and video productions, because by combining different types of shots,
angles and camera movements, the film makers are able to emphasize specific emotions,
ideas and movement for each scene.
SHOT SIZE – is the building block for choosing the camera shots, but you’ll also need to
consider how framing, focus and movement can add deeper meaning to your shots.
Read to the explore creative shot combinations. Specific camera movements matter too.
CAMERA SHOT ANGLE – is used to specify the location where the camera is placed to
take shot. The position of the camera in relation to the subjects can affect the way the
viewer perceives the scene. A scene may be shot simultaneously from multiple camera
angles to amplify the cinematic effect and the emotions.
The variance of camera angles in film making are used to help enhance the narrative,
the theme, and the overall mood of the film. Cinematographers usually make conscious
choice as to how each scene is shot. By doing so, they strive to convey the overall
message of their film through each individual frame making how the camera angled
each scene, of utmost importance. In film making there are various types of camera
angles that can assist you in pushing forth your intended narrative goal for your film,
everything from basic to advanced camera shots.
CAMERA MOVEMENT – is a powerful film making tool employed to modify the
relationship between the subject ang the camera frame, with the goal of altering the
viewer’s perspective of space and time for a more impactful and visceral visual
storytelling.
Be intentional when you select your shots.
UNIT2 LESSON 8: POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
POWERPOINT SLIDE - Highlight key points or reinforce what the facilitator is saying
• Should be short and to the point, include only key words and phrases for visual,
reinforcement
• In order for your presentation to fit on most screens, text and images should be placed
within 95% of the PowerPoint slide. This “action safe” area is seen in the next slide.
POWERPOINT LAYOUT - • Layout continuity from frame to frame conveys a sense of
completeness
• Headings, subheadings, and logos should show up in the same spot on each frame
• Margins, fonts, font size, and colors should be consistent with graphics located in the
same general position on each frame
• Lines, boxes, borders, and open space also should be consistent throughout
FONTS - • Font Style Should be Readable
– Recommended fonts: Arial, Tahoma, Veranda
• Standardize the Font Throughout
– This presentation is in Tahoma
FONT SIZE - The larger, the better. Remember, your slides must be readable, even at the
back of the room.
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Combining small font sizes with bold or italics is not recommended.
Small fonts are okay for a footer.
Don’t Sacrifice Readability for Style
CAPS AND ITALICS - • DO NOT USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
– Makes text hard to read
– Conceals acronyms
– Denies their use for EMPHASIS
• Italics
– Used for “quotes”
– Used to highlight thoughts or ideas
– Used for book, journal, or magazine titles
USE A TEMPLATE - • Use a set font and color scheme.
• Different styles are disconcerting to the audience.
• You want the audience to focus on what you present, not the way you present.
Use the Same Background on Each Slide.
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Don’t use multiple backgrounds in your presentation
Changing the style is distracting
COLORS - • Reds and oranges are high-energy but can be difficult to stay focused on.
• Greens, blues, and browns are mellower, but not as attention grabbing.
• Reds and Greens can be difficult to see for those who are color blind.
AVOID THESE COMBINATIONS - • Examples:
–Green on Blue
–Dark Yellow on Green
–Purple on Blue
–Orange on Green
–Red on Green
COLORS - • White on dark background should not be used if audience is more than 20 ft
away.
– This set of slides is a good example.
– You can read the slides up close.
– The further away you get, the harder it is to
read.
– This is a good color combination if viewed on a
computer.
– A dark background on a computer screen
reduces glare.
THE COLOR WHEEL - • Colors separated by another color are contrasting colors
(complementary)
• Adjacent colors harmonize with one another (Green and Yellow)
• Colors directly opposite one another are said to CLASH
• Clashing colors provide readability
– Orange on Blue
GRAPH AND CHARTS - Make sure the audience can read them!
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Avoid using graphics that are difficult to read. In this example, the bright colors on a
white background and the small font make the graph hard to read. It would be very
difficult to see, especially in the back of a room.
ILLUSTRATIONS - • Use only when needed, otherwise they become distracters instead
of communicators
• They should relate to the message and help make a point
• Ask yourself if it makes the message clearer
• Simple diagrams are great communicators
Limit Each Slide to One Idea
• Use Bullet Points to Cover Components of Each Idea
BULLETS - • Keep each bullet to 1 line, 2 at the most
• Limit the number of bullets in a screen to 6, 4 if there is a large title, logo, picture, etc.
– This is known as “cueing”
– You want to “cue” the audience on what you’re going to say
• Cues are a brief “preview”
• Gives the audience a “framework” to build upon
BULLETS (con.)
• If you crowd too much text, the audience won’t read it
– Too much text looks busy and is hard to read
– Why read it, when you’re going to tell them what it says?
– Our reading speed does not match our listening speed; hence, they confuse instead of
reinforce
POINTS TO REMEMBER – limit each slide to 1 idea
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Limit each bullet point to only few words to avoid long sentences that go on and on!
Limit animation – too much animation can be distracting. Be consistent with
animation and have all text and photos appear on the screen the same way each
time. There are many animation modes to choose from, but it is best to use just one
throughout.
• Keep bullet points brief
• Use the same background for each slide
• Use dark slides with light colored text in large hall events
AVOID THE “ALL WORD” SLIDE - Another thing to avoid is the use of a large block
paragraph to introduce your information. Attendees do not like to have what is on the
screen, read to them verbatim. So, please use short, bulleted statements and avoid
typing out your whole presentation on to the slides. Also, it is difficult for some to listen
and read a large amount of text at the same time.
•To make a slide stand out, change the font, background, or add animation.
LIMIT ANIMATION - • Use the same animation throughout the entire presentation
• Using more than one can be very distracting
– The audience will only see the animation and not the message you’re trying to get
across
• Do not use the media to hide you
• The audience came to SEE you
• The media should ENHANCE the presentation, not BE the presentation
• If you’re only going to read from the slides, then just send them the slides!
• Remember, only you can prevent “Death by PowerPoint”