DANIELLE ESPOSITO NUR 702 & 703
Answers for Statistical Article 4
Answer the following questions using the algorithm or decision tree in Figure 12-1 and its
description.
•
Discuss the differences between parametric and nonparametric statistical
techniques. Provide an example of a parametric statistical technique and a nonparametric
statistical technique applying the algorithm in Figure 12-1.
Parametric statistical techniques is taken into consideration if certain assumptions are
met and can be used to analyze data since the values are taken in intervals which are
uniform in distribution while Non parametric statistics the data are not assumed in any
way rather models are extracted from a few obtained values
Example of parametric statistical is the sample test and the nonparametric is the linear
regression model and we have chi-square from the data
•
What statistical technique was probably conducted for a study focused on
examining associations or relationships that had variables measured at the ordinal level?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
Using variables they conducted logistic regression, predicting posttest non-response with
variables as set together with the group. They entered variables to act as covariates in every
equation did pretest for outcome scores and program dosage and the link between the group and
pretest scores the statistical technique is likely to involve correlation of rank order
•
What statistical technique was probably conducted for a study focused on
examining differences that had variable measured at the ration level and included three
independent groups (intervention, placebo, and control)? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
The ANOVA with the ANCOVA
It analyses analysis that is identical to analysis of covariance, the analysis consisted series
regressions taking variables of pretest scores for outcome, program dosage and group and
pretest scores interactions
•
What statistical technique was probably conducted for a study focused on
predicting a dependent variable using one independent variable that was measured at the
interval/ratio level in a sample of patients with heart failure? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
Simple and multiple regression might have been used
They also conducted a logistic regression, predicting posttest non-response, with the variables
set so as to examine whether the other variables revealed differential attrition in groups
•
What statistical technique was probably conducted for a study focused on
examining differences that had variables measured at the ordinal level and included three
paired samples on groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.
The primary analysis had intent-to-treat principles, including participants irrespective of protocol
violations and events arising from post randomization making the statistical technique preferred
to be Friedman
•
Study hypothesis: Nurses working in health care organizations with
magnet status have higher job satisfaction than nurses working in organizations without
magnet status. Job satisfaction was measured with a multi-item Likert scale. What
statistical technique would researchers probably conduct to test this hypothesis? Provide
a rationale for your answer
The psychological variables of perceived stress, sleep quality, loneliness and self-esteem have
not been studied as cluster of variable in sample of young women with BMI greater than 30.The
study was to show relationships between psychosocial variables and self-rated health status in
sample of adult young women
What are the relationships among the variables of perceived stress, sleep quality, loneliness, and
self-esteem among obese young adult women was to be studied in pair hence making sample test
that is in paired in two of each of the variables
•
Lee et al. (2018) examined selective symptoms (dyspnea, anxiety,
depression and fatigue) to predict their contribution to impaired physical performance in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea was measured
with FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and anxiety, depression, and fatigue
were measured with multi-item Likert scales. Physical performance was measured with
the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), which was the distance patients could walk in six
minutes. What is the level of measurement for each of the study variables? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
A better understanding of how symptoms contribute to worse physical performance has the
potential to enhance symptom management for COPD patients. Structural equation modeling
(SEM) is an analytical approach that allows researchers to examine the complex
interrelationships among multiple variables.21 In previous studies examining symptoms in
COPD patients, different modeling approach was used.1,22 Among them, multiple indicators for
a construct were not included in a path analysis1 or fatigue and the six minute walk test (6MWT)
were treated as a single constructoffunctionalcapacity.22 Although similar relationships among
several symptoms have been explored by SEM in other studies of
chronicillnesssuchasmultiplesclerosis23 andrheumatoidarthritis,24 our study may be the first to
use a SEM approach to examine the interrelationships between symptoms and physical
performance in COPD, this makes correlation coefficient rank order
•
The focus of the Lee et al. (2018) study was presented in Question 7. What
type of inferential statistical technique did Lee and colleagues conduct in their study?
Provide a rationale for your answer.
They used Structural equation modeling and Mann Whitney
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an analytical approach that allows researchers to
examine the complex interrelationships among multiple variables
•
Smith and colleagues (2014, p. 68) developed the following question to
guide their study “What are the relationship among the variables of perceived stress,
sleep quality, loneliness, and self-esteem among obese adult women? The variables were
measured with multi-item Likert scales, and the data were considered at the interval level.
What inferential statistical techniques did these researchers conduct to analyze study
data? Provide a rationale for your answer.
In examining relationship among variables measured at interval level
Using variables they conducted logistic regression, predicting posttest non-response with
variables as set together with the group. They entered variables to act as covariates in every
equation did pretest for outcome scores and program dosage and the link between the group and
pretest scores the statistical technique is likely to involve correlation of rank order
For this case logistic regression should be used.
•
Hersch et al. (2018) conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that
examined the effect of a web-based stress management intervention on nurses’ stress.
The study included 104 subjects that were randomized into an intervention on nurses’
stress. Nurses” stress was measured with the Nursing Stress Scale, a multi-item Likert
scale, that provided a total stress score. What inferential statistical technique was
conducted to examine the effect of the web-based intervention? Provide a rationale for
your answer.
The BREATHE program
It showed improvement in nursing related stress, it also showed significant improvement in
perceived stress measured by NSS
Nurses showed reduce in specific nursing areas stress like death, conflict with others and also
work load