Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
Use the crossword puzzle to fill in the blanks on the next page(s). (You do NOT
need to actually write your answers in the boxes here).
Page 1 of 7
Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
Part 1—Knowing Key Terms (4 points):
Fill in the blanks from the crossword puzzle above using key terms from the
textbook and/or lecture notes.
Across
1. one of the five factors, willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences.openness
3. defense mechanism involving placing, or “projecting”, one’s own unacceptable
thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts actually belonged to those others and not to
oneself.-projection
4. the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave. –
personality
6. part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly
conscious, rational and logical.-ego
7. value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior.-character
8. method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the
client and allows the client to answer, either in a structured or unstructured fashion.interview
9. Jung’s collective, universal human memories.-archetypes
11. archetype that works with the ego to manage other archetypes and balance the
personality.-self-concept
13. part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.-Id
16. defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal
with anxiety.-identification
19. part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending upon how well behavior
matches or does not match the ego ideal.- Conscience
20. a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.-personality
21. the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others, dependability.Conscientiousness
22. the instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society’s
standards for behavior.-libido
23. people who are outgoing and sociable.-extraverts
24. fourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the
child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.-latency
25. degree of emotional instability or stability.-neuroticism
Down
2. Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based upon it.psychoanalysis
5. dimension of personality referring to one’s need to be with other people.-extraversion
10. disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular
psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that
earlier stage.-fixation
12. in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic.-habits
13. people who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention.-introverts
14. the enduring characteristics with which each person is born.-temperament
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Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
15. dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive
stimulation.-introversion
17. the emotional style of a person which may range from easy-going, friendly and
likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant.-agreeableness
18. part of the personality that acts as a moral center.-super ego
Part 2—Comprehending and Applying Concepts (3 points):
Instructions: Decide which type of psychologist would be most likely to make
each statement listed below:
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
1.
I think people in our profession should put more effort into trying to understand
mentally healthy people and prosocial behavior.
Humanist
2.
Aggression is a human instinct. Society can control it to some extent, but we will
never eliminate aggressive behavior.
Psychoanalyst
3.
Your student may be under a lot of pressure from his parents, but that is no
excuse for cheating. We are responsible for what we do.
Humanist
4.
If you want to understand why she did it, look to the environment for clues
instead of at inferred internal forces such as impulses and motives.
Behaviorist
5.
We humans are products of evolutionary forces that have preserved selfishness,
pleasure-seeking, and a tendency to deceive ourselves.
Psychoanalyst
6.
It doesn’t seem to me that you need to dig into a person’s past in order to
understand the person’s current problems and concerns.
Humanist
7.
There aren’t any values inherent in human nature. Values are acquired in the
same way we learn to say “please” and “thank you.”
Behaviorist
8.
If we wanted to improve the character of people in our society, we would need to
start when they are very young. By the time a kid is five years old, it’s probably
too late.
Page 3 of 7
Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
Psychoanalyst
9.
You may think your choice of chili and ice cream for lunch was freely made, but
your perception of free choice is an illusion. Choosing chili and ice cream is
predictable from the consequences of past behavior.
Behaviorist
10.
General laws of behavior and experience that apply to all people are not very
helpful if you want to understand a particular individual.
Humanist
11.
You say people are inherently good, and he says they are inherently pretty bad. I
don’t think people are inherently either good or bad.
Behaviorist
12.
The sex drive is with us at birth. People just don’t want to believe that infants get
sexual pleasure from sucking and exploring anything they get in their hands with
their mouths.
Psychoanalyst
Part 3—Understanding and Analyzing Concepts (3 points):
Read each statement and decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE based upon your
knowledge from the textbook and/or lecture notes.
1.
Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients’ disorders resulted most often from
psychological conflicts related to sex.
true
2.
The id operates according to the reality principle.
false
3.
Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly. According to
Freudian theory, he became fixated at the oral stage of psychosexual
development.
false
4.
According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to
the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the
phallic stage.
True
5.
According to Freud, girls have to go through the Oedipus complex, but boys
don’t.
false
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Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
6.
Jung’s collective unconscious and Freud’s unconscious are very similar.
false
7.
Karen Horney viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the basic
anxiety all people share.
true
8.
Freud’s psychodynamic theory has been completely disregarded since the
advent of new technology that has allowed us to understand the brain differently.
true
9.
Freud’s theories about how early childhood experiences impact later life
personality came from his direct observation of children in his clinical practice.
false
10.
Albert Bandura called the relationship of the three factors that influence
personality psychic determinism.
true
11.
Self-efficacy refers to the ability of a person to give unconditional positive regard.
false
12.
According to Rogers, a person whose real self and ideal self are close has a
better chance of reaching self-actualization.
true
13.
According to Rogers, one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be
is called the real self.
false
14.
Gordon Allport thought traits were wired into the brain.
true
15.
A great way to remember the Big Five personality traits is with the acronym
THEME.
False
16.
The Minnesota Twin Studies have determined, as a result of years of research,
that personality is entirely genetic and is NOT influenced by our surroundings or
environment.
False
17.
The Big Five personality dimensions are in direct competition with Hofstede’s
cultural dimensions.
True
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Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
18.
The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and
interviews is that inventories are standardized.
true
19.
Projective tests like the Rorschach inkblot test have a distinct advantage over
other tests because of their high validity and reliability.
True
20.
The MMPI–2 and the TAT are both well-known projective tests.
False
Part 4—Synthesizing and Evaluating Concepts (5 points):
Using your knowledge from the textbook and/or lecture notes, answer each
question by typing your response in the space provided below. For each
question, your answer should be at least 25 words—If your answer is less than 25
words, you will not receive credit, even if it is correct.
1.
What is the main sticking point between the theories of Sigmund Freud and
Karen Horney? How are their theories alike? Which do you agree with, if either?
Karen Horney took a sociocultural approach to personality, Freud took a more
psychodynamic approach to psychology. They both agreed that females were jealous of
males.
2.
Why does Freudian theory garner so much criticism? What are some positive
qualities of Freud’s theory that might describe behavior in the twenty-first
century?
Freudian theory garnered criticism because it was difficult to prove. His views on
women and related issues, was criticized. His scientific findings were filled with
flaws.
3.
Compare and contrast the theories of Carl Jung and Carl Rogers. How do their
theories explain the self? How are they similar? How are they different?
Carl Jung focused on folktales, myths and related aspects. He formulated the collective
unconscious. Carl Rogers believed in the self-actualization of an individual.
4.
What are the pros and cons of trait theories of personality?
It helps in understanding a person’s personality, interaction, beliefs and traits. However
sometimes traits are not the best predictors of a person’s behavior.
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Chapter 13: Theories of Personality (Critical Thinking Activity = 15 points)
5.
If you had to have a personality assessment, which type (projective, interview,
inventory) would you prefer? Would you want more than one approach taken?
What are the benefits and drawbacks of the approaches you selected?
I would choose the projective one which would help me to think freely and without any
influence. It will help in understanding the real personality.
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