LEARNING MATERIALS
ELECTRICITY
Table of Contents
I. Introduction….………………………………………………………………………… 3
II. Objectives ……………………..……………………………………………………. 3
III. Learning Goals and Targets……………………………………………….……... 8
IV. Common Competencies….………………………………………….…………….
A. Know………………………………………………………………………… 9
B. Process………………………………………………………………… 18 & 73
C. Understand………...………………………………………………...
19 & 77
D. Transfer.…………………………...……………………………………....
79
V. Summary…………………………………………………………...……………...
87
VI. Glossary……………………………………..……………………...……………… 88
VII. References…………………………………………………………...……………... 90
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
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I. INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the world of Electrical Installation and Maintenance! This Module
is an exploratory course which leads you to Electrical Installation and Maintenance
National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers 5 common competencies that a Grade
8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you should possess,
namely: 1) Prepare electrical supplies, materials, and tools; 2) Perform mensuration
and calculations; 3) Interpret technical drawings and plans; 4) Maintain tools and
equipment; and 5) Practice occupational health and safety.
Imagine yourself living without electricity. Think of the things you won’t be
able to do without it. What are the things that will not be useful without electricity?
Without electricity, you won’t be able to watch TV, use a computer, communicate
using a telephone, listen to the radio or have bright lights in dark places. You
wouldn’t be able to do so many things you want to do. Electricity has been so useful
and important to us, however, it is dangerous when not handled properly.
Changing busted fuses, replacing incandescent lamps, and installing buzzers
and other alarm devices are simple tasks. Yet, there were times when you wanted to
do these electrical repairs you felt that you lacked the skills needed for the job. If you
have the talent in performing electrical repairs and servicing, you can transform that
talent into a competency or skill even without formal training, simply by taking this
course.
Your success in this exploratory course on Electrical Installation and
Maintenance is shown in your ability to perform the required activities in this module.
II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you, as learner, are expected to gain the
following competencies:
1. exhibit working knowledge of the fundamental principles and theories of
electricity;
2. develop skills in the use of various electrical measuring instruments, tools,
materials and equipment;
3. apply knowledge in repairing and troubleshooting wiring connections, fixtures
and other current – consuming devices;
4. enhance awareness and observe safety precautions in the use of instruments
and in performing wiring procedures and practices.
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1. Do you know me?
Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described or defined.
Choose your answer from the words inside the box.
Long Nose
Electrician’s Knife
Philips Screw Driver
Male Plug
Pliers
Utility box
Junction Box
Stubby Screw Driver
Circuit Breaker
Portable Electric Drill
Wire Stripper
Combination Pliers
Hammer
Fuse
Connectors
Conduits
______________1. It is used for gripping, holding, cutting electrical wires and cables and
even small nails. Usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks.
______________2. It is used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight space
or small opening where other pliers cannot reach and also used in
making terminal loops of copper wires.
______________3. It has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. It is used to drive
screws with cross slot heads.
______________4. It is a tool used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails.
______________5. A tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging from
gauge #10 to gauge #16.
______________6. It is a small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of ¼ inches to 3/8
inches. It is used in making holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.
______________7. It comes in either Standard or Philips screw driver with short shank or
blade and short handle used to turn screws in tight space where
standard screw driver cannot be used.
______________8. It is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and
high voltage transmission lines.
______________9. It Is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric
current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is
to a current consuming instrument or appliance.
______________10. It is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the
current when an over load or short circuit happens.
______________11. It is a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which
flush type convenience outlet and switch are attached.
______________12. These are electrical materials used as the passage of wires for
protection and insulation.
______________13. These are used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the
junction or utility boxes.
______________14. It is a protective device used to automatically cut off the current
when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or over load occurs.
______________15. It is an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or
joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp
holder is attached.
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2. Find Me to your Home
Directions: The pictures below are common electrical gadgets. Select the
gadgets that are currently used in your own house. Write your answers on
your notebook.
Continuity Tester
Lamp Shade
Extension Cord
Rechargeable Lamp
Water Heater
Cellular Phone Charger
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3. Do you have this?
Directions: The following items listed below are basic knowledge and skills
needed in the production of basic electrical gadgets. Use the format
below. Write the answers in your note book.
assembling extension cord, lamp shade, water heater and continuity tester &
test light
electrical safety measures
project plan
simple circuit assembly
soldering techniques
tools, materials and equipment used in electrical works
tying underwriter’s knot
4. Multiple Choices
Directions: Each item consists of four choices, choose the appropriate answer and
write the letter of your answer on your notebook.
1. Which of the following element of electric circuit serves as current consuming
device?
a) Control (switch)
c) Path (wire conductor)
b) Source (battery)
d) Load (lamp)
2. There are four possible conditions in electric circuit, which is considered the
most dangerous because it might cause fire?
a) Short Circuit
c) Grounded Circuit
b) Closed Circuit
d) Open Circuit
3. Suppose you want to check the continuity of the flat cord, what particular part
of test light and continuity tester indicates the condition of the cord?
a) Neon Lamp
c) LED’S
b) Toggle Switch
d) Battery
4. A Water heater is one of the basic electric gadgets in this module, which is
not an application of this gadget?
a) Cooling
c) Cooking
b) Heating
d) Sterilizing
5. You encountered difficulties in driving screws in tight location which is the
appropriate driving tools for the job?
a) Standard/ Flat Screw Driver
c) Allen Wrench
b) Stubby Screw Driver
d) Philip Screw Driver
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6. What part of the project plan includes selling cost of the project?
a) Purpose
c) Materials Needed
b) Sketch/Drawing
d) Procedures
7. An electrical material used to turn ON or turn OFF the circuit conveniently.
a) Switch
c) Convenience Outlet
b) Lamp Holder
d) Male plug
8. One of the steps in extension cord assembly is tying process of wire
conductor, what is the appropriate knot or tie?
a) Lock Knot
c) Western Union Long Tie
b) Underwriter’s Knot
d) Western Union Short Tie
9. What is the appropriate size of flat cord if the total power rating of the
appliances to be connected to extension cord is 1,600 watts?
a) # 12
c) # 16
b) # 14
d) # 18
10. An electrical tool used for removing wire insulator from gauge #10 to gauge
#16.
a) Long Nose Pliers
c) Combination Pliers
b) Wire Stripper
d) Knife
11. Which of the following items is not the function of a lampshade?
a. Direct or focus the light in desired direction
b. Cover the lamp hardware for better appearance
c. Cover the surface of the entire room
d. Reduce the glare of the light source
12. An electrical tool used to drive screws with hexagonal slot head.
a) Allen Wrench
c) Long Nose Pliers
b) Philip Screw Driver
d) Side Cutting pliers
13. A type of electrical circuit used in Christmas light.
a) Series Circuit
c) Complex Circuit
b) Parallel Circuit
d) Simple Circuit
14. Which of the electrical appliances has the highest power rating?
a) Radio
c) Electric Fan
b) Television
d) Flat Iron
15. It is an alloy or mixture of tin and lead used for soldering electrical joints.
a) Sponge
c) Soldering Iron
b) Soldering Lead
d) Nipple
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III. LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETS:
Now that you have an idea of the coverage of this module, set your learning goal in
terms of what you want to attain at the end of your lessons in Electrical Installation
and Maintenance. Next, specify this in terms of the following:
Goal:
____________________________________________
Targets:
a. What I want to know: _________________________
b. What I want to be able to do: ___________________
c. What I want to understand: _____________________
d. What I want to produce or understand: _____________
start writing your own learning goals/targets on your notebook based on the stated
objectives.
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IV. Common Competencies
A. KNOW
1. Assembly of Extension Cord
Electrical gadgets are products of modern technology to make our lives
better. The number of electrical gadgets available at home and offices may exceed
the existing convenience outlet installed in every room. The best remedy to address
the insufficiency of available outlet is to use an extension cord especially if the
electrical gadgets need to operate at the same time.
Extension cords come in several varieties to suit the needs of the user.
One of the most important considerations is the power handling capacity to make it
safe and functional. Some of the available extension cords in the market do not have
the Product Standard (PS) or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) markings. They
are sub-standard; this may cause over loading and in worst case, may result in fire.
PS or ICC marks are markings approved by the Department of Trade and Industry
(DTI) for quality products. PS marks are for locally made products while ICC marks
are for imported products. So, to be safe make sure you buy the extension cords
with PS or ICC marks.
To be practical, every household should have at least two or more
extension cords at home. The prices of the quality extension cords available in the
market are quite high, production of quality assembled extension cord will be a good
business opportunity for you. Quality assembled extension cord will be possible
even with the beginner, provided proper specifications of materials are strictly
followed.
Sample pictures of extension cord that you can produce
Picture A
Picture B
Picture C
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An extension cord is a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on
one end and multiple sockets on the other end. The size of the cord depends upon
the specifications of the load or electrical gadgets to be used. The thicker the cord
used, the higher the power capacity. Heavy duty extension cords are well insulated
and fitted to outdoor use. It can withstand the heat of sunlight and also safe to use in
damp places.
An extension reel is an extension lead that rolls up, usually into the socket
end. These are the extension cords available in the market.
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2. Electrical Tools and Materials used in Assembling Basic Electrical
Gadgets
Electrical tasks can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort and
resources. Most of the work cannot be done using our bare hands. To do the task,
electrical tools are needed as aids in performing the task. This lesson will tackle the
function/use of each tool and material used in assembling basic electrical gadgets.
The following electrical tools are needed in the assembly of basic electrical
gadgets. They are classified according their uses and functions:
Screw Drivers- These are made of tool steel hardened and tempered at the tip.
They are used to loosen or tighten screws with slotted heads and come in
various sizes and shapes.
Pictures of the types of screw drivers and sample screws with
different slots of the heads

Standard/Flat Screw Driver- The blade tip is wedge shaped and resembles
a negative (-) sign. This is used to drive screws with a single slot head.
Standard screw driver and proper usage
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
Philips Screw Driver- This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign.
This is used to drive screws with cross slot heads.
Stubby screw driver and proper handling

Allen Screw Driver/Wrench- This could be in the shape of screw driver or a
wrench, its function is to drive a screw with hexagonal slot head.
Allen screw driver and wrench
Pliers are made out of metal with insulators in the handle. Used for cutting, twisting,
bending, holding and gripping wires and cables.
Pictures of the set of pliers used in basic electrical gadgets Assembly
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
Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers)- This is used to grip, hold, cut
electrical wires and cables and even small nails. Usually used by linemen in
doing heavy tasks.
Combination pliers and blowup view

Side Cutting Pliers- This type of pliers is used for cutting fine, medium and
big wires and cables.
Side cutting pliers and proper use

Long Nose Pliers- Used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach
tight spaces or small openings where other pliers cannot reach and also used
in making terminal loops of copper wires.
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Long nose pliers, used in making loops and inserting loops to the screw
Wire Stripper is a tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging
from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
Wire stripper and proper use
The following are electrical devices and materials used in the assembly of
basic electrical gadgets such as extension cord, lamp shade, etc. These are
developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:




Control the flow of current in an electrical circuit
Carry electrical current from the source to the load or current
consuming apparatus
Hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses
and buildings
Protect the houses, buildings, appliances and instruments from
any destruction and damage.
These devices and materials are intended just to carry, hold, secure and
protect but not to utilize electric current. The following are the most commonly used
electrical devices and materials:
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Convenience Outlet- is a device that acts as a convenient source of electrical
energy for current consuming appliances. It is where the male plug of an
appliance is inserted and usually fastened on the wall or connected in an
extension cord. It maybe single, duplex, triplex or multiplex and could be
surface type or flush type.
Sample pictures of duplex, triplex and quadruplex convenience outlets
Male Plug- is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A
flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a
current consuming instrument or appliance.
Lamp Holder is a device that holds and protects the lamp and is also called as
“Lamp Socket/Receptacle”. These come in many designs and sizes. They
are classified as flush, hanging (weather proof/chain) and surface types.
Surface type
Weather proof type
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Switch- is a device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current in a
circuit. There are many shapes, designs and types and are classified as
hanging, flush and surface types.
Junction Box is an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or
joints of wire are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is
attached. This could be made of metal or plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.
PVC Junction Box
Metal Junction Box
• Utility Box is a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material where flush
type convenience outlets and switches are attached.
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Flat Cord- Is a duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring installation and
commonly used in extension cord assembly. It comes in a role of 150 meters
and with sizes of gauge # 18 and gauge # 16 awg (American wire gauge).
Electrical Wire/Conductor- This electrical material could be:
a. Stranded wire is made of multiple strands joined together to make
a single wire.
b. Solid wire is made of a single strand of copper or aluminum wire. These
are used in wiring installation inside and outside the buildings.
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B. PROCESS:
Activity 1
Based on the sample pictures of extension cords, can you cite the
differences and similarities between the extension cords that can be produced by
you from the sample extension cord available in the market? Use the table as your
reference. Write your answer on your notebook.
Extension Cord that you
can produce
Differences
Extension Cord
Available in the Market
Similarities
Differences
Directions for proper use of Extension Cord
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Completely extend the cord before using.
Insert fully the plug to the convenience outlet.
Use within the electrical rating mark on the extension cord set.
Do not plug more than the total of 1,250 watts for #18 flat cord and 1,625
watts for #16 flat cords.
Cover unused outlets.
Never place extension cord under the rugs.
Do not use damaged extension cords. Inspect periodically.
Unplug when not in use.
Unplug by holding and pulling the male plug not the wire.
Keep away from children.
Do not store in wet or damp place.
Use indoors only.
Reminder
Please make it a habit to always check the watts marked on the appliance found in
the instructions manual or on the package. Add the watts for each of the plug-in
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appliance or load to determine the total watts being used for a particular extension
cord.
C. UNDERSTAND
Activity 1
Using an actual extension cord, demonstrate the proper way of using it. The
demonstration should be done in front of the teacher.
SAMPLE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
APPLIANCE
POWER CONSUMPTION TABLE
NAME OF APPLIANCES
Suggested Activity 2:
Based on the graph, determine the name of appliance with the lowest power
consumption and the appliance with the highest power consumption. Specify the
power rating; write the answer on your notebook.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Suggested Activity 3:
Based on the sample power consumption table, list down some possible
combinations of appliances that can be plug-in to a #18 flat cord.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
___
You are now familiar with the different extension cords; commercial and
assembled together with the application and limitation of it. Prior to actual assembly we
need to know the electrical tools and materials. Let us move on to be acquainted with
them.
Suggested Activity 4:
Directions: Given are the set of activities and the corresponding picture. Perform them
using the appropriate tools and materials. Your performance will be graded using the
following criteria:
• Accuracy
• Workmanship
• Proper handling of tools
• Speed
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Activity
Images of the Activity
1. Tighten and loosen screws of
different head slots using different
types of screw drivers.
2. Cut different sizes of wires using
side cutting and long nose pliers.
3. Practice removing insulators using
side cutting and long nose pliers.
4. Use a wire stripper to remove wire
insulators of different sizes of wires
(solid/stranded).
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5. Using long nose pliers practice
making terminal loops.
6. Practice inserting the loop to the
screw and tighten it to the convenience
outlet.
Reminders
• Never tease your classmates while working.
• Use the right tools for a specific task.
• Do not use tools with a broken insulator in the handle to avoid accidents.
• Work with your heart and always focus on your work.
• Always think that you’re working with a live wire.
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Suggested Activity 5:
Directions: Answer the following questions.
• How do you find the activities?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
• What particular activity did you enjoy the most? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
• Which activity do you find difficult? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
• What activity can you now confidently do? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
Tools and materials are needed in actual assembly of extension cord. To make
the assembly successful, you need to learn and follow the standard requirements.
Another thing to be considered to produce quality and marketable extension cord is to
use underwriter’s knot which is the next topic.
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3. Tying the underwriter’s Knot
Underwriter’s knot is one of the skills needed in the assembly of an
extension cord and lamp shade. It is neither a joint nor a splice but a KNOT that is made
in extension cords and lamp cords. Its purpose is to relieve the strain on small wires of
the cord and binding screws of convenience outlets, bulb sockets and male plugs.
For you to make a quality and safe output you have to strictly follow the
given procedure in making an underwriter’s knot. The process is detailed and visualized
below:
Picture of underwriter’s knot 25
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Procedures in Tying the Underwriter’s Knot:

Split the end of the flat cord
about 8 centimeters long then
bend the left strand of the cord
and place it at the back of the
main cord following the arrow
as shown in figure 1.
Insert the right strand cord inside the
loop made by left strand cord following
the arrow as shown in figure 4.
Bend the right strand of the cord and
place it at the back of the left strand
following the arrow as shown in figure 2
.
Pull both strands of the flat cord to
tighten the knot as shown in the picture
below.
Pull the right strand of cord and place it
over the main cord following the arrow
as shown in figure 3.
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Pictures below show some uses of Underwriter’s Knot.
Suggested Activity 6:
Directions: Perform the tying of underwriter’s knot using the materials and tools given
below and following the procedure. Your performance will be rated based on the
following criteria:
• Accuracy
• Correct usage of tools
• Safety work habits
• Speed
Materials:
• ½ meter Flat cord gauge # 18
• 1 pc. Hanging lamp holder or surface type convenience outlet
• 1 pc. Male plug
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Tools:
• Side cutting pliers
• Ruler
• Wire stripper/electrician’s knife
Procedures:
• Insert one end of the flat cord to the plug.
• Perform the tying of underwriter’s knot following the procedure.
• Insert the other end of the flat cord to the hanging lamp holder then perform the same
procedure.
• If you’re using a surface type convenience outlet apply the same procedure in tying an
underwriter’s knot and then remove the cover of the convenience outlet and insert the
flat cord. Make sure it is anchored against the cover.
Now you’re thru with the underwriter’s knot features, advantages and application.
To make the project work as expected it should be done with a plan. Proceed to the
next lesson which is preparing a project plan.
4. Preparing a Project Plan
You might be wondering why there are several projects which are not
completed. Well, there are several reasons why this happens. It might be out of budget
constraints or perhaps the project was not properly planned.
A plan is essential before undertaking any project because it serves as
your guide in accomplishing an activity. It will give you an idea on what is to be done,
how much to spend and what procedures to undertake. A well prepared project plan
saves time and cost of materials. Below is a sample project plan of an extension cord.
This format can also be used in preparing a plan for other projects in the future.
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Sample Project Plan
Name of Student:____________________________ Year & Section:______________
Date Started: _______________
Date Finished: ______________
I - Name of Project: Extension Cord Assembly
II- Purpose:
•
•
•
to acquire knowledge and develop skills on how to assemble an extension cord,
assemble a quality and marketable extension cord,
observe safety measures while doing the project.
III- Sketch/Drawing:
IV- Materials Needed:
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Sample Pictures of Materials needed
V- Tools and Equipment Needed:
-tester
VI- Procedure in assembling an extension cord:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Prepare the plan.
Gather all necessary materials, tools and equipment needed.
Insert cord into the male plug, split the cord wires about 8 centimetres long.
Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if
sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand.
Scrape bare wire with the back of the knife until shiny. Twist the wire stands.
Tie the underwriter’s knot.
Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male
plug. The loop should go with the thread clockwise direction.
Split the cord wires at the other end about 4 centimetres long, then follow
procedure no. 4.
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9. Connect the wires to the connectors.
10. Open the convenience outlet then remove the screw.
11. Insert the wire connectors to the screws, tighten it and return the cover.
12. Check the continuity and test the extension cord.
VII- Criteria for Assessment:
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
1 Point
Functionality
Extension
cord
was100%
functional.
Extension
cord was
functional but
intermittent.
Extension
cord was not
functional.
Quality
Terminal
wires were
properly
twisted and
secured.
Output is
presentable.
Terminal
wires were
not properly
twisted and
secured.
Output is not
presentable.
Terminal
wires were
loose, output
is not
presentable.
Method
Followed the
given step
from start to
finish. Using
appropriate
tools for each
task.
Followed the
given step.
Noted once
incorrect
usage of
tools.
Followed the
given step.
Noted more
once
incorrect
usage of
tools.
Safety
No injury
happened
while doing
task.
Noticed one
incidence of
injury while
doing the
task.
Noticed
more than
one
incidence of
injury.
Time
Management
Finished the
given task
within 20
minutes.
Finished the
given task
within 21-30
minutes.
Unable to
finish the
given task.
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VIII- Remarks:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Suggested Activity 7:
Directions: In your own opinion, is a project plan important in assuring quality,
profitability and marketability of extension cord? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Suggested Activity 8:
Directions: Prepare a project plan for a quality and marketable extension cord.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Always bear in mind the importance of a well-prepared project plan. Did you
perform well in lesson 1? Well, you will find more enjoyment in lesson 2 because of the
attractive features of lamp shade.
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5. Assembly of Lamp Shade
There are times when fixed lightings within a room particularly if the light source
is visible can contribute to make our eyes tired. This can trigger headaches and may
affect our concentration. One solution is to use a lamp shade to diffuse the glare or
strong intensity of the light source. It can also improve the appearance of the room. It
has three major functions namely:
• It softens the light from a light bulb or other light source and reduces the glare.
• It covers the lamp hardware for better appearance.
• It serves to focus or direct the light from a lamp in a desired direction.
There are different types of lampshades as to its function and mounting such as:
wall, floor, hanging, and table top lampshade. The most common type of lampshade is
the table top. It is usually made of a wire frame covered with fabric, sea shell, plastic or
paper. The shape may be cylindrical, conical or square.
How to measure the shade
•
•
Make a pattern using cartolina or Manila paper.
Put a mark for the specific desired measurement.
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•
•
•
With the use of compass make a half circle following the marking of the exact
measurements. (2 ¼” and 6”)
Cut the pattern. Take note of the allowance for over lapping.
Then fold the pattern in a cylindrical form.
Suggested materials needed for the assembly of lamp shade:
1 pc Incandescent Bulb/ Compact Fluorescent lamp (CFL) 5-10 watts
1 pc Bulb Socket
1 pc Single Pole Switch
1 pc PVC pipe or other pipes (1 foot long and ½ diameter)
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1 pc Male Plug
2 meters Flat Cord #18awg
1 pc Lamp Shade Base out of recycled materials (plastic container, bottle, flower base,
etc.)
1 pc Shade (out of any available materials in the community such as: fabric, sea shell,
abaca fiber, plastic or paper )
Any decorating material such as: pebbles, beads, sequence, etc…
Procedures for the assembly of lamp shade:
•
Secure all the materials needed.
•
Prepare the tools and instruments needed.
•
Analyze the wiring diagram.
•
Mount the bulb socket at one end of the pipe.
•
Insert the flat cord along the pipe and connect it to the bulb socket.(do the
underwriter’s knot)
•
Bore appropriate hole for the base of the lamp shade.
•
Insert the other end of the wire to the hole.
•
Install the switch somewhere in the middle of the flat cord.
•
Install the male plug at the end of the wire. (don’t forget do the underwriter’s knot)
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•
Position the pipe at the center of the base.
•
Place the pebbles inside the container so that the pipe can stand alone
•
Make the frame or skeleton of the lamp shade using the wire considering the
dimensions of the shade.
•
Put decorating materials like beads, sequence, glitters and other materials
available to enhance the physical appearance.
•
Insert the shade at the frame after connecting the lamp to the socket.
•
Apply voltage to the lamp shade and observe performance.
•
Troubleshoot the circuit if necessary.
Reminder
It's very important to choose the right size of lampshade. Light bulbs emit a lot of
heat. A paper or fabric lampshade that is too close to the light bulb can become a fire
hazard. Likewise, cylindrical lampshades should always have enough clearance and
venting to allow heat to escape. Never cover the top of a lampshade with a scarf or
other fabric, as this can cause a fire.
Suggested Activity 9:
Directions: Discuss the three major functions of the lampshades.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Suggested Activity 10:
Directions: Among the different types of lampshades what do you think is the most
practical and convenient to use? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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6. Common Electrical Symbols
Electrical Symbols are small drawings or icons, used to signify various electrical
devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. Electrical devices, materials and
even instruments can be represented by means of standard electrical symbols. Analysis
and interpretation of electrical diagrams will not be possible if you are not familiar with
these symbols. These symbols are very useful in electrical circuit assembly, installation,
trouble shooting and servicing.
The following are common electrical symbols used in a wiring plan and diagram.
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Suggested Activity 11:
Why is it important to study the common electrical symbols?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Suggested Activity 12:
Draw and label the electrical symbols that you know.
Symbol
Description
Symbol
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Description
Page 38
7. Electrical Circuit
An electrical circuit is simply a continuous path for current to flow. A simple
electric circuit consists of four important elements the source, path, load and control.
► Source (power supply) – the force or energy to provide electric current along
the circuit. This can be classified as:
AC Voltage source - comes from AC generator and Power Company the
current
is bidirectional
DC Voltage source – comes from dry cell, wet cell, battery and DC power
supply
the current is unidirectional
► Paths or lines – source are the conducting path where the current flows
► Load (Current Consuming device)- it could be a bulb or any electrical appliance.
► Control (switch) – this is used to turn ON or turn OFF electrical circuit
conveniently.
An electrical circuit can be presented in two different ways one is through a
pictorial diagram and the other is through a schematic diagram.
A Pictorial Diagram is a sketch of electrical circuit that shows the external
appearance of each component. It is much like a photograph of the circuit and uses
simple images of parts.
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A Schematic Diagram is a sketch showing the components of the circuit using
standard electrical symbols. It shows the actual number of components, how the wiring
is routed but not the actual location.
Types of Circuit

Simple Circuit-is a wiring circuit which has a single load, switch and a source
that could be either direct current or alternating current. This is the circuit used in
lampshade assembly.
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
Series Circuit - is a type of circuit wherein loads or current consuming devices
are arranged like a chain, there is only one path, and therefore the current is
constant or the same in any part of the circuit. If one bulb or load becomes
defective, all the rest will not operate like in the case of Christmas lights.
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
Parallel Circuit- is a type of circuit where the loads such as bulbs are connected
across the power source. Each bulb receives the same amount of voltage. If one
bulb becomes busted, the remaining bulbs will not be affected. This is the most
common electrical circuit used in household and offices.
Electrical Circuit Defects
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Shorted circuit – this condition happens if line 1 gets in contact
with line 2 wherein the current did not flow along any load or
current consuming device. The result is excessive or high current
and high temperature that can cause tripping off circuit breaker
and blown fuse. In worse cases it can cause fire damage to life
properties
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Suggested Activity 13:
Directions: The table below shows two common types of electrical circuit. Write their
advantages and disadvantages under each corresponding column.
Suggested Activity 14:
Based on your answer in the previous activity between series and parallel circuits,
which is more advantageous to use? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Suggested Activity 15:
Draw the schematic diagram of the circuit used in the assembly of a Lamp shade.
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Suggested Activity 16:
Directions: As a student, how will you contribute to avoid circuit defects from
happening in your own house? Use the graphic organizer below as reference. The
answer should be written on your notebooks.
Suggested Activity 17:
Based on the suggested materials and procedures given, prepare a project plan for
making a quality and marketable lampshade. You can also use other materials that are
abundant and available in your community.
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8. Assembly of Water Heater
Human activities are directly affected by existing climate. If the weather is cold
routine activities like taking a bath in the early morning becomes a problem. You need
to keep water lukewarm to finish your routine on time. One of the appropriate solutions
is to use a water heater. This is a basic electrical gadget which is handy and user
friendly. This is used for boiling, sterilizing and cooking.
It is readily available in the market today. They come in different forms, shapes,
designs and models that would fit the type of water to be boiled or heated. For example:
•
Soft water- is well filtered and chlorinated. It does not contain minerals and
impurities. This water is supplied by the local water district like NAWASA.
•
Hard water- is water with light and heavy mineral content. This type of water
comes from the deep well.
Note: Always refer to the instructions/manual available in the package before using the
gadget to determine its appropriate use.
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Uses of Water Heater
1. For Boiling, Cooking and Heating (Immerse the water heater completely)
•
Sterilizing feeding bottles, kitchen
utensils and surgical/medical
instruments.
•
Boiling water in pitcher for coffee
and tea
•
Heating water in a pail for
bathing.
•
Boiling water in a kettle.
•
Cooking Siopao or Siomai in a
steamer
•
Cooking eggs and corn
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2. For Steaming (Immerse the water heater at about ½ to ¾ in order to produce more
steam)
• Steaming for rheumatic treatment.
• Outdoor steam bathing
• Steaming for vapor inhaling.
• Steaming for hot towel.
• Facial treatment in beauty shop
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Directions on how to use the water heater
Note: To the users, you should strictly follow the directions to avoid accident.
•
First, insert the plug to 110 or 220 volts AC outlet, then dip the water heater
gradually into the water. No need to use a transformer. (Do not dip the water
heater before plugging to avoid sparks in the plug and outlet).
•
Never touch the water while heating is in progress especially if you are
barefooted. (You might be grounded)
•
After using, lift the water heater from the water to drain then unplug. (Do not
unplug while the water heater is still dipped on the water to avoid spark).
•
Allow the water heater to dry first before keeping it in a safe place.
Activity 18. Assembling a Water Heater
Note: Assembly of water heater is optional depending on the availability of
materials in your locality.
Materials Needed:
o 1 piece Male Plug
o 1 piece Heating Element (any design/form)
o 1 set Plastic/rubber insulator (use as handle)
o 1 set Bolt and nut
o 1 set Metal strip
o 2 meters Flat cord #18
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Materials for water heater assembly
Tools Needed:




Soldering iron/gun
Long nose pliers
Screw driver
Pocket knife/any substitute
Procedure:








Prepare the plan
Gather the tools and materials needed.
Insert cord into the plug. Separate the cord wires about 8 centimeters long.
Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if
sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand.
Tie using an underwriter’s knot.
Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male
plug. The loop should go with the thread of the screw in clockwise direction.
Separate the cord at the other end about 4 centimeters long. Remove the
insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long. Scrape bare wire. Twist the wire
strands and solder it to the terminals of the heating element.
Cover the soldered part with the handle and close it with the use of bolt and nut.
Check the connections and test the water heater.
Sample Rubrics
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
1 Point
Functionality
Water heater
functioned.
Water heater
functioned but
intermittent.
Water heater
failed to
function.
Quality
Terminals were
properly
soldered and
secured. Output
is presentable.
Terminals
were not
properly
soldered and
secured.
Output is not
presentable.
Terminals
wereloosely
soldered.
Output is not
presentable.
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Method
Followed the
given procedure
from start to
finish.
Observed
correct usage of
tools.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted using
incorrect tools
once.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted using
incorrect
tools more
than once.
Speed
Finished the
work on/before
the given time.
Finished the
work after the
given time.
Unable to
finish the
work.
RATING SCALE:
Points Earned
Numerical
Descriptive
1 7 - 20
13 – 16
9 – 12
5–8
1–4
91 - 100
86 - 90
81 – 85
76 – 80
71 – 75
Outstanding
Very Good
Good
Fair
Needs Improvement
Suggested Activity 19
Discuss the importance of water heatesr in our daily activity and how they are properly
used.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Suggested Activity 20
Based on the given materials and procedures prepare a project plan on the
assembly of a quality and marketable water heater.
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9. Soldering Techniques
As an electrical technology student, you must remember that the normal
operation of an electrical circuit depends on how an electrician performs the proper
circuit connections. Loose connections will result to abnormal or intermittent operation.
Soldering is one of the effective solutions needed in the assembly and repair of
electrical gadgets. You need to learn and practice proper techniques in soldering to
attain good soldered joints.
In performing this process, you will need a soldering iron or soldering gun and
soldering lead. The soldering lead is an alloy or mixture of tin and lead with a ratio of 60
percent tin and 40 percent lead. A hardened melted solder becomes permanent and
durable electrical wire connections. The connection can withstand strong vibrations and
movements.
Soldering tools are readily available in the market. They are classified according
to wattages rating, shape and size of the tips.
The following are the tools and materials used in soldering techniques.
•
Soldering Iron- is a tool used to apply heat to the metal joint and to melt the
solder/soldering lead to make a permanent joint. Its wattage ratings vary
from 30 watts, 45 watts, 60 watts and 75 watts.
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•
Soldering Gun- a soldering tool that has a fast heating tip applicable for heavy
duty applications. The contour shape is similar to that of a hand gun with a
trigger that serves as the switch. The wattage rating of this tool varies from 60 to
100 watts.
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•
Soldering Stand- is used to hold the soldering iron when not in use or at rest. It
keeps the hot soldering tip away from any object to avoid burning.
•
Soldering Lead/Solder- is an alloy that is a mixture of tin and lead. This is
usually made in hollow form with center hole filled with rosin flux. The
rosin flux makes the solder melt quickly and cleans the joints being
soldered.
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•
Sponge- is a damp cloth used for cleaning the tip of soldering iron or gun and
also used for wiping excess lead on the tip of the soldering iron.
Soldering Techniques
•
Remove the insulator of the wire
you want to connect together.
•
Cross the twisted ends of the
wires to be soldered.
•
Twist the strands of wire to be
soldered so that it becomes one
and it will be easy to solder.
•
Starting at the cross section, twist
the
wires together around
themselves.
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Reminders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Clean the tip of the soldering iron gun regularly.
Tin the tip of soldering iron.
Maintain the pointed tip of soldering iron and reshape it, if necessary.
Apply the right amount of solder on the preheated metallic surface and not
directly to the tip of the soldering iron.
Let the melted solder flow freely around the joint surface.
Solder the joint as quick as possible to avoid extreme heat on the components.
Reheat the cold soldered joint.
Use a soldering stand to avoid the tip to get in contact with combustible materials
or your skin.
Hold the excess terminal lead while cutting to prevent being hit by flying excess
terminal wires.
Suggested Activity 21
Directions: Using actual soldering iron and soldering gun compare the features and
characteristics of the two soldering tools.
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Based on the results of the previous activity, which do you prefer to use? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Suggested Activity 22
Directions: Perform the soldering techniques using the following:
Materials:
 1 meter Solid wire #22 awg
 ½ meter Soldering lead
 ¼ sheet Pad paper
Tools:
 Soldering Iron (30 watts)
 Long Nose Pliers
 Side Cutting Pliers
 Soldering Stand
Procedure in Soldering:







Clean the tip of the soldering iron or gun using sand paper, file or knife.
Remove the insulator of the wire.
Clean the bare wire conductor using sand paper.
Divide the wire into ten (10) equal lengths.
Arrange the wire on ¼ sheet of paper. (The illustration below will be your
reference.)
Connect the plug of the soldering iron to the power source.
After two to three minutes tin the tip of soldering with the soldering lead.

Heat the intersection of wires for few seconds.
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•
Apply appropriate amount of soldering lead on the free heated surface of the wire
and not directly to the tip of the soldering iron.

Allow the melted solder to flow evenly around the joint surface.

Remove the tip of soldering iron and allow it to cool naturally.



Check the soldered joints it should be smooth and shiny.
Reheat the joints if necessary to avoid cold soldered joints.
Finish all intersection following the same procedures.
You have to solder all wire intersections
Note: Your output will be judged using the given Criteria:
• Quality
• Distance
• Speed
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Sample Rubrics
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
Quality
All solders
were
smooth,
shiny and
with no
sharp
edges.
One to three
solders
were not
smooth,
shiny and
have sharp
edges.
Four or
more
solders
were not
smooth,
shiny and
have sharp
edges.
Distance
All squares
were equal.
One to three
squares
were not
equal.
Four or
more
squares
were not
equal.
Speed
Finished the
task before
the given
time.
Finished the
task after
the given
time.
Unable to
finish the
task.
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
1 Point
Page 59
10. Assembly of Continuity Tester and Test Light
Continuity Tester and Test Light is a simple electrical gadget which is very
useful in checking and monitoring electrical circuit conditions. This is a two in one
gadget which has a toggle switch to indicate the particular mode.
 A Test Light is used to check the presence of power within the circuit. The Neon
lamp which serves as the power indicator glows or produces light if the circuit
being tested has power. Electric current in a single line can also be detected
using this gadget.
 A Continuity Tester is used to check the continuity of conductor, switch, fuse and
other electrical devices. This can also be used to check the line cord of electrical
appliances such as; flat iron, electric stove, bread toaster, electrical fan, and
many more. It has light emitting diodes (LED) that serve as an indicator. If the
LED lights, the wire or conductor tested has continuity.
Pictures of Continuity Tester and Test Light
Interior view of Continuity Tester and Test Light
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The diagrams below show the schematic and pictorial views of the circuit. These
will help you become familiar with the circuits of a continuity tester and a test light. You
may use these in assembling your project.
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Materials Needed in the Assembly of Continuity Tester and Test Light










1 piece Neon lamp 220 volts
1 piece Resistor 820 ohms ½ watt
1 piece Dry cell 9 volts DC
1 piece Toggle switch
1 piece Battery holder
3 pieces Light Emitting Diodes (LED) jumbo
1 meter Hook up wire #22 awg stranded
1 set Test Probe (black and red)
½ meter Soldering lead
1 piece Cassette casing or any other casing fitted for the project
Tools and Instruments Needed in the Assembly of Continuity Tester and Test
Light
 Soldering Iron
 Long Nose Pliers
 Side Cutting Pliers
 Mini electric drill
 DC Power Supply
 Multi-Tester
Procedures in Assembling Continuity Tester and Test Light












Secure all the materials needed to save time.
Check the condition of all components using multi-tester.
Analyze the wiring connections and orientation of parts to determine the proper
position of parts.
Clean the electrodes or terminals of components to insure quality solder.
Bore appropriate holes for light emitting diodes, neon lamp and toggle switch.
Perform the wiring installations and solder the wiring connections.
Connect the battery holder.
Fix all parts and wirings on its casing.
Set the toggle switch to continuity tester mode (CTM).
Short the test probe, the LED’s should light which is a normal response of the
continuity tester.
Set the toggle switch in opposite position or test light mode (TLM). To avoid the
LED’s light to be busted.
Check the power of the convenience outlet, the neon lamp should light if it has
power.
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REMINDER
In assembling the continuity tester and test light, you must strictly follow the
wiring diagrams because the light emitting diodes and battery have polarity. This means
that there are positive and negative terminals that should not be interchanged.

Another thing is you must be extra careful in using the devices. You have to see
to it that the toggle switch is in its correct mode. For example you want to check if
the particular convenience outlet has power what you should do is to set the
toggle switch to test light mode (TLM) to avoid damaging the gadget. This gadget
is comparable to a multi- tester which is too delicate. Proper care and
maintenance is necessary because this is a significant instrument that you will be
using for the next quarters.
Suggested Activity 23
Directions: Discuss the importance of a continuity tester and test light in providing
quality and safe electrical servicing jobs.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________
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Suggested Activity 24
Directions: Draw the schematic diagram of the continuity tester and test light circuit.
Suggested Activity 25
Directions: Based on the given diagram, materials and procedures prepare a project
plan for a quality continuity tester and test light.
After firming up your understanding on the concept and underlying principles of
basic electrical device assembly, we will now proceed with its applications.
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THE MULTITESTER
The Multitester or multimeter is sometimes called the VOM (voltmeter,
ohmmeter, milliammeter). It is the best instrument that can measure voltage, resistance
and current. It is generally made of two types: the analog and the digital.
A. PARTS OF A MULTI TESTER
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A. Proper care and maintenance of the multi tester
1. Read manual of instructions on how to operate the multi-tester.
2. In reading the amount of voltage, always start with the highest range to avoid
reading voltage higher than the tester setting.
3. Be sure that the tester is set to the correct range setting: resistance range when
measuring the ohm, voltage range when measuring voltage and ammeter range
when measuring the value of electric current.
4. Always check the condition of its battery. Worn out batteries will damage the
internal setting of the tester.
5. When the tester is not in used or will be stored, set the selector switch t 1000V or
to OFF position.
6. Never drop the tester.
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B. How to read the meter scale of the multi tester
To read the resistance range of the multi-tester, the given table below will be
used. The unit of measurement to be used to determine its resistance is ohm.
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Activity 27: PARTS OF MULTITESTER
DIRECTION. Given a Multi-\tester below, write the parts indicated by the arrow and
give their functions.
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B. PROCESS
1. Electrical Tools and Materials used in Assembling Basic Electrical Gadgets
Aside from the screw drivers and flat cords mentioned earlier. Here are
sophisticated tools and materials that could be used in assembling quality and
marketable basic electrical gadgets.
• Compact Screw Driver is a type of screw driver that can be manually operated or
with the use of electrical energy. It could be with the use of dry cell or battery of dry
cells-(DC) direct current or (AC) alternating current. It is automatically plug into a 220
volt supply of electrical energy or with a built in battery.
DC operated screw drivers AC operated screw driver

Flexible cord- is a round flexible conductor which is also used as an extension
wire. This comes in a variety of sizes, colors and number of conductor inside the
cord depending on desired wattages capacity and its purpose. The third wire is
connected to the third terminal that is intended for grounding.
Picture
s of two, three and more wire conductors inside a round flexible cord
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Page 73
Pictures of extension cords using round flexible cord
B. Water Heater
Other portable water heaters available in the market are those permanently
installed in the bath rooms or hanged in outdoor places. Like the handy water heater for
coffee it has a heating element that serves as the heart of the unit. It has control
switches that regulate the temperature of water that comes out from the unit. Other
manufacturers produce water heaters that are installed indoors only inside the
bathrooms. This type of water heaters are commonly installed in residences,
apartments, hospitals, hotels, resorts and others buildings.
Portable water heater for bathing hanged on the fence outdoor
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Suggested Activity 1:
Directions: Based on the pictures of water heaters, describe each in terms of features
and characteristics.
Suggested Activity 2:
Directions: Visit nearby hardware stores, workshops and malls with electrical hardware
stores. Then observe, examine and take pictures of the different variety of extension
cords sold there. Show pictures and present your observation to the class.
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Suggested Activity 3:
Directions: Explore industries within your community to find out when and where these
sophisticated tools are used.
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C. UNDERSTAND:
Activity 1
• Discuss the importance of assembling quality basic electrical gadgets as possible
entrepreneurial activity.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
• Given extension cords A, B and C, determine which one is innovative. Justify your
answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
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• On a scale of 1 to 5, what is your level of confidence in assembling basic electrical
gadgets? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
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• Compare the features of extension cord A and B using the given criteria below.
• How would you feel if the extension cord you prepared was rejected by your teacher?
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 Self- assess your level of confidence in assembling a heavy duty extension cord.
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IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
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D. TRANSFER
Are you ready to demonstrate to others your gained knowledge and skills?
Perform the following activities:
Suggested Activity 1: Extension Cord Assembly
Directions: Assemble an Innovative and Marketable Extension Cord based on the
project plan you have prepared and follow step by step the procedures:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prepare the plan.
Gather all necessary materials, tools and equipment needed.
Insert cord into the male plug, split the cord wires about 8 centimeters long.
Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if
sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand.
Scrape bare wire with the back of the knife until shiny. Twist the wire stands.
Tie the underwriter’s knot.
Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male
plug. The loop should go with the thread clockwise direction.
Split the cord wires at the other end about 4 centimeters long, then follow
procedure no. 4.
Connect the wires to the connectors.
Open the convenience outlet then remove the screw.
Insert the wire connectors to the screws, tighten it and return the cover.
Check the continuity and test the extension cord.
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 79
Your performance and product will be judged by the following criteria:
y, innovativeness)
Note: Each of you will assemble at least three extension cords. See to it that you
did an innovation in the second and third extension cords.
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
1 Point
Functionality
Extension
cord/lamp
shade was
100%
functional.
Extension
cord/lamp
shade was
functional but
intermittent.
Extension
cord/lamp
shade was
not
functional.
Design
Two or more
innovations
were made.
With only
one
innovation
made.
No innovation
made.
Quality
Terminal
wires were
properly
twisted and
secured.
Output is
presentable.
Terminal
wires were
not properly
twisted and
secured.
Output is not
presentable
Terminal
wires were
loose. Output
is not
presentable.
Method
Followed the
given step
from start to
finish using
appropriate
tools for each
task.
Followed the
given step.
Noted
incorrect
usage of
tools once.
Followed the
given step.
Noted
incorrect
usage of
tools more
than once.
Safety work
habits
No inquiry
happned
while doing
Noticed
incidence of
injury while
Noticed
incidence of
injury more
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 80
Time
Management
the task.
doing task.
than once.
Finished the
task on or
before the
given time.
Finished the
task after the
given task.
Unable to
fiish the given
task.
Suggested Activity 2: Lamp Shade Assembly
Directions: Assemble marketable lamp shade based on the project plan you have
prepared and follow step by step procedures.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Secure all the materials needed.
Prepare the tools and instruments needed.
Analyze the wiring diagram.
Mount the bulb socket at one end of the pipe.
Insert the flat cord along the pipe and connect it to the bulb socket.(do the
underwriter’s knot)
Bore appropriate hole for the base of the lamp shade.
Insert the other end of the wire to the hole.
Install the switch somewhere in the middle of the flat cord.
Install the male plug at the end of the wire. (don’t forget do the underwriter’s knot)
Position the pipe at the center of the base.
Place the pebbles inside the container so that the pipe can stand alone
Make the frame or skeleton of the lamp shade using the wire considering the
dimensions of the shade.
Put decorating materials like beads, sequence, glitters and other materials
available to enhance the physical appearance.
Insert the shade to the frame after connecting the lamp to the socket.
Apply voltage to the lamp shade and observe performance.
Troubleshoot the circuit if necessary.
Your performance and product will be judged by the following criteria:
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 81
o
o
o
o
o
o
Functionality
Product design (creativity, innovativeness)
Quality (accuracy, workmanship)
Use of appropriate tools and materials
Observance of safety measure
Time management
Note: Please refer to the sample rubrics in activity 1.
Suggested Activity 3: Water Heater Assembly
Directions: Assemble quality and marketable water heater based on the approved
project plan. Steps below will serve as your guide.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prepare the plan
Gather the tools and materials needed.
Insert cord into the plug. Separate the cord wires about 8 centimeters long.
Remove insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long with a pocket knife as if
sharpening a pencil. Be careful not to cut any strand.
Tie the under writer’s knot.
Make a loop on terminal wires and connect the wires to the screw of the male
plug. The loop should go with the thread of the screw clockwise direction.
Separate the cord at the other end about 4 centimeters long. Remove the
insulation of both wires 1 centimeter long. Scrape bare wire. Twist the wire
strands and solder it to the terminals of the heating element.
Cover the soldered part with the handle and close it with the use of bolt and nut.
Check the connections and test the water heater.
Your Performance or product will be judged based on the following criteria:
•
•
•
•
Functionality
Quality
Method
Speed
SAMPLE RUBRICS
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 82
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
1 Point
Functionality
Water heater
was functional.
Water heater
was functional
but
intermittent.
Water heater
was not
functional.
Quality
Terminals were
properly
soldered and
secured. Output
is presentable.
Terminals
were not
properly
soldered and
secured.
Output is not
presentable.
Terminals
were loosely
soldered.
Output is not
presentable.
Method
Followed the
given procedure
from start to
finish.
Observed
correct usage of
tools.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted
incorrect
usage of tools
once.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted
incorrect
usage of
tools more
than once.
Speed
Finished the
work on/before
the given time.
Finished the
work after the
given time.
Unable to
finish the
work.
RATING SCALE:
Points Earned
Numerical
Descriptive
1 7 - 20
13 – 16
9 – 12
5–8
1–4
91 - 100
86 - 90
81 – 85
76 – 80
71 – 75
Outstanding
Very Good
Good
Fair
Needs Improvement
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 83
Suggested Activity 4: Continuity Tester and Test Light Assembly
Directions: Assemble quality continuity tester and test light based on the approved
project plan. The steps below will serve as your guide.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Secure all the materials needed.
Check all components using multi-tester.
Analyze the wiring connections and orientation of parts to determine the proper
position of parts.
Clean the electrodes or terminals of components.
Bore appropriate holes for light emitting diodes, neon lamp and toggle switch.
Perform the wiring installations and solder the wiring connections.
Connect the battery holder.
Fix all parts and wirings on its casing
Set the toggle switch to continuity tester mode (CTM).
Short the test probe, the LED’s should light which is normal response of
continuity tester.
Set the toggle switch in opposite position or test light mode (TLM).
Check the power of the convenience outlet, the neon lamp should light if it has
power.
Your Performance or product will be judged based on the following criteria:
•
•
•
•
Functionality
Quality
Method
Speed
Sample Rubrics
Criteria
5 Points
3 Points
Functionality
Continuity
Tester and Test
Light was
functional.
Continuity
Tester and
Test Light was
functional but
intermittent.
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
1 Point
Continuity
Tester an
Test Light
was not
functional.
Page 84
Quality
Terminals were
properly
soldered and
secured. Output
is presentable.
Terminals
were not
properly
soldered and
secured.
Output is not
presentable.
Terminals
were loosely
soldered.
Output is not
presentable.
Method
Followed the
given procedure
from start to
finish.
Observed
correct usage of
tools.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted
incorrect
usage of tools
once.
Followed the
given
procedure.
Noted
incorrect
usage of
tools more
than once.
Speed
Finished the
work on/before
the given time.
Finished the
work after the
given time.
Unable to
finish the
work.
RATING SCALE:
Points Earned
Numerical
Descriptive
17 - 20
13 – 16
9 – 12
5–8
1–4
91 - 100
86 - 90
81 – 85
76 – 80
71 – 75
Outstanding
Very Good
Good
Fair
Needs Improvement
Suggested Activity 5:
Put your product on display for sale or establish linkage with the school cooperative to
market your product.
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 85
Suggested Activity 6:
Market the assembled extension cord and lamp shade in your nearby community. Post
Test:
Multiple Choices:
Directions: Each item consists of four choices, choose the appropriate answer and
write the letter of your answer on your notebook.
1. Which of the following element of an electric circuit is a current consuming device?
a) Control (switch)
c) Path (wire conductor)
b) Load (lamp)
d) Source (battery)
2. There are four possible conditions in electric circuit, which among them is considered
the most
dangerous because it might cause fire?
a) Short Circuit
c) Grounded Circuit
b) Closed Circuit
d) Open Circuit
3. Suppose you want to check the continuity of the flat cord, what particular part of test
light and continuity tester indicates the condition of the cord?
a) Neon Lamp
c) LED’s
b) Toggle Switch
d) Battery
4. A Water heater is one of the basic electric gadgets in this module, which of the
following is not the function of this gadget?
a) Cooling
c) Cooking
b) Heating
d) Sterilizing
5. You encountered difficulties in driving screws in tight location. Which is the most
appropriate driving tool to use for the job?
a) Standard/ Flat Screw Driver
c) Allen Wrench
b) Stubby Screw Driver
d) Philip Screw Driver
6. What part of the project plan indicates the selling cost of the project/products?
a) Purpose
c) Materials Needed
b) Sketch/Drawing
d) Procedures
7. It is an alloy or mixture of tin and lead used for soldering electrical joints.
a) Sponge
c) Soldering Iron
b) Soldering Lead
d) Nipple
8. An electrical material used to turn ON or turn OFF the circuit conveniently.
a) Switch
c) Convenience Outlet
b) Lamp Holder
d) Male plug
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 86
9. One of the steps in extension cord assembly is the tying process of wire conductor,
what is the most effective tie or knot to use?
a) Lock Knot
c) Western Union Long Tie
b) Underwriter’s Knot
d) Western Union Short Tie
10. What is the appropriate size of flat cord if the total power rating of the appliances to
be connected to extension cord is 1,600 watts?
a) # 12
c) # 16
b) # 14
d) # 18
11. An electrical tool is used in removing wire insulator from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
a) Long Nose Pliers
c) Combination Pliers
b) Wire Stripper
d) Knife
12. Which of the following items is not the function of a lampshade?
a. Covers the surface of the entire room
b. Reduces the glare of the light source
c. Directs or focus the light in desired direction
d. Covers the lamp hardware for better appearance
13. An electrical tool used to drive screws with hexagonal slot head.
a) Allen Wrench
c) Long Nose Pliers
b) Philip Screw Driver
d) Side Cutting pliers
14. A type of electrical circuit used in Christmas light.
a) Series Circuit
c) Complex Circuit
b) Parallel Circuit
d) Simple Circuit
15. Which of the electrical appliances has the highest power rating?
a) Radio
c) Electric Fan
b) Television
d) Flat Iron
V. SUMMARY
Electricity is a form of energy that can help us to make our tasks easier and help
make our economy a successful one. However, electricity is dangerous and it can be
harmful to everyone. Having skills in measuring devices, such as voltmeter, ammeter,
wattmeter, ohmmeter, frequency meter, and multi-tester is very essential in any
electrical work. These instruments are specifically useful in determining the actual
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 87
amount of current and voltage electrical circuits have. They are also important in
trouble-shooting and servicing all types of electrical products and circuit systems. Every
measuring instrument should be used with care and skill and should be properly
maintained. You must therefore learn the basic concepts in the effective utilization of
measuring instruments, observe precautionary measures to avoid damaging the meters,
and perform repair work on them when needed.
With the help of this module you are now really equipped and have gained more
bits of information in order to use electricity in your everyday life. Also, you can
practically have an income if you use your abilities and skills whole heartedly for your
community.
VI. Glossary
5S - Sort, Systematize, Sweep, Sanitize, and Self-Discipline
Amperage (Amps) - a unit of measurement of electrical current flow
Ampere - a unit of measurement which describes the amount of electric current passing
a certain point at a particular time
Ampere (I) - the unit of electrical current (coulombs per second)
Caution - indicates some precautionary measures against potential hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, may result to a minor or moderate injury
Circuit - the path of electric current from the source to the components and goes back
to the source
Conductor - a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow
Connectors and Adapters - accessories that are used to connect from boxes to
conduits or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system.
Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) - commonly known as flexible non-metallic conduit
or the “moldflex”
Danger - specifies hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result to a serious
injury or even death
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 88
Functional tools and equipment - those that are in good condition and can perform its
regular functions
Hot wire - a wire through which current flows
Inch - a portion of a foot, which is an English unit of linear measurement
Insulator – material used to cover electric wires which may be made from plastic,
rubber, or asbestos.
Isometric - a kind of drawing which shows the object in 3 dimensional views
Joule (J) - a metric unit of energy: watt per second. 1 Kw hr = 2,655,000 ft-lb =
1.341hp-hr = 3413 Btu = 3,600,000 joules
Kilovolt-ampere (KVA) - a measurement of apparent electric power
Kilowatt - a unit of power which is equivalent to 1000w
Kilowatt hour (Kwhr) - a unit of electrical energy or work performed
Lubrication additives- many of the physical properties of various oils and greases
Megger - an instrument used to measure the insulation resistance of conductors or
wire. It gives measurement in ohms or meg-ohms
Metallic Conduits- metal raceways that was classified into four; rigid steel conduit
(RSC), intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic
conduit or tubing (EMC or EMT) and the flexible metallic conduit (FMC)
Millimeter - one-thousandth of a meter
Multi-tester - an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the voltage, the
resistance or the current of a circuit. It is connected either through parallel or
series with the circuit depending on what to measure
Non-metallic conduits- plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of wire
that are classified as; rigid non-metallic conduit or the PVC, the flexible
nonmetallic or CPC, and the surface plastic molding
Ohm - the unit of measurement used to express resistance
Ohmmeter - an instrument used to measure resistance in ohms
Pneumatic tool - instrument activated by air pressure
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 89
Resistance - the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of
current
Sorting - to sort everything in a work area
Tools - are implements used to modify raw materials for human use
Volt - a unit of measurement of electrical pressure or voltage
Volt (E) - the unit of electric pressure or electromotive force which will produce a current
of 1 ampere through a resistance of 1 ohm
Voltmeter - an instrument specially designed for measuring voltage
Watts (W) and kilowatts (KW) - are units of electric power
Wire Gauge - used to measure the diameter of magnetic wire
VII. REFERENCES




Open High School Program (OHSP)
Career Pathways in Technology and Livelihood Education (CP-TLE)
Technology and Home Economics III. SEDP series. C. 1993
www.yahoo.com/image
Bibliography
All brand names, trademarks, trade names, and WebPages used in this Learning
Material (LM) are owned by their respective holders. The Publisher and the Authors do
not represent nor claim ownership over them.
While every effort and precaution have been made to ensure complete and accurate
information with reference to the materials presented in this LM, the Publisher and
Authors can neither guarantee nor be held legally responsible for any mistake in printing
or faulty instructions in the LM.
The Publishers and Authors appreciate receiving notice of any errors or misprints.
IA – Electrical Installation and Maintenance … Castillo, Joel G….FFHNAS
Page 90
Acknowledgement
This is to acknowledge the different practitioners, experts, and specialists who
made this learning materials and teaching guides for grade 8 possible.
Writers ( INDUSTRIAL ARTS)
T-I
FFHNS
HT-VI
Guiguinto NVHS
T-I
PFNHS
T-I
FFHNAS
T-I
Taytay NHS
EPS-I
Div. of Neuva Ecija
MT-I
OCNHS
Language Editor
Paraluman R. Giron Retired Regional Director,
Sta. Ana Manila
CALABARZON
Perla Cuanzon
Retired Regional English Supervisor
Las Pinas City
Ofelia C. Flojo
Retired Regional English Supervisor
Rizal
Lando T. Guzman
Ateneo de Manila
Consultant
Maria Teresa A. Namoro,
Asst. Chief. SED
DepEd-NCR
Ed.D.
Reviewers
1.Robert Daquil
HT-VI
Manila HS
2.Leonilo Santelices
MT-I
Balingasa HS
3.Fernando Dela Cruz
Guiguinto NVHS
4.Arnel Anonical
Tanay NHS
5.Marlon Malaluan
T-I
BANAHIS
6.Alexandria Kalalo
T-I
BANAHIS
7.Antonio Blanco Jr.
MT-I
OCNHS
Lay-Out Artist/Illustrator
Arcos, Henry Allen M.
Bulado, Brenn R.
Guiao, Arlene A.
Pili, Francis C.
Pili, Noel C.
Saladas John S.
Management Team
1.Dr. Lolita M. Andrada
Director, BSE
2.Ms. Bella O. Marinas
Chief,SDD-OIC
3.Dr. Jose D. Tuguinayo, Jr.
Supervising EPS
4.Cristeta M. Arcos
EPS II
5. Albert Erni
EPS II
6.James Julius M. Liquigan
EPS II
7. Milambiling, Owen M.
SEPS
8.Emmanuel S. Valdez
EPS II
1.Joel Castillo
2.Lamberto Dionisio
3.Marlon Ocampo
4.Robert Palma
5.Cris Diñoso
6.Romeo Vicmudo
7.Antonio Blanco Jr.
All pictures and graphic illustrations crafted from the internet are properties of the
original owners and were used only as supplemental materials for education
purposes.