Alien Encounters! Background: In the year 2050, an incredible archeological discovery was made in the middle of a remote area of South America. It was an area where a large meteor had struck the Earth. A pile of alien bones were found completely mixed up together. The scientists were able to recover small fragments of DNA which they brought back to their labs. After much work, they determined that the DNA fragments represented 9 genes. Purpose: In this activity, you will determine the traits of these aliens by analyzing their DNA and determining the amino acid sequences of each the resulting 9 genes. Each DNA fragment (gene) is associated with a particular protein and a specific alien characteristic (trait). Procedure: 1. Put the DNA sequence for each gene in the proper location on your data sheet. 2. Transcribe the DNA for each gene into mRNA. Record those sequences. 3. Translate the mRNA into amino acids using the provided mRNA Codon Chart. Record the amino acid sequence for each gene. 4. Use the “Alien Genes” chart to determine the traits that are associated with each of your amino acids sequences and write those traits on the charts. 5. Using a blank piece of paper, sketch and color your alien, making sure to include all relevant (known) traits. Be sure to include your alien’s number at the top of your drawing and data sheet. Place your name on your drawing. 6. Answer the following 6 questions after you draw your alien picture: Questions: 1. Did you find any “identical” aliens in your group (your class)? Why? 2. Summarize the 4 steps (from start to finish) you used to identify each trait of your alien. 3. How does a single change in a nitrogen base result in a different protein? 4. If you knew a particular amino acid sequence, could you figure out the DNA for that sequence? Explain how: (you should work backwards) 5. What is the difference between transcription and translation? (location and end result) 6. What is the role/job and location of each of the nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis? 4pts DNAmRNArRNAtRNADATA Tables for Alien Gene Analysis: NAME_____________________ Alien Number _______ Is your alien hairless or hairy? GENE A DNA mRNA Amino Acids Trait Is your alien fat or skinny? GENE B DNA mRNA Amino Acids Trait Does your alien have 4 or 8 legs? have? GENE C DNA mRNA Amino Acids Trait What size nose does your alien Does your alien have antennae? have? GENE E DNA mRNA What color skin does your alien GENE D DNA mRNA Amino Acids Trait GENE DNA mRNA F Amino Acids Trait Amino Acids Trait How many fingers does your alien have? Does your alien have a tail? GENE G GENE H DNA DNA mRNA mRNA Amino Acids Amino Acids Trait Trait Does your alien have 4 eyes or 8 eyes? GENE I DNA mRNA Amino Acids Trait ALIEN GENES This table shows the amino acid sequences for the various alien genes and traits. Gene Letter A B C D Amino Acid Sequence Val-pro-ileu Tryp-pro-ileu Tryp-val-val Ileu-ileu-ser Ser-ala Ser-ser Pro-ser-phe-gly Gln-ser-phe-gly Resulting Characteristic Hairless Hairy fat skinny 4 legs 8 legs Long nose Short nose E F G H I Lys-phe Lys-leu Pro-ala-ala Pro-ala-asp Pro-ala-val Pro-ala-pro Gln-gln-asp Gln-gln-lys Gly-gly-ileu ala-gly-ileu Ileu-asp-ala Ser-asp-ala No antennae 4 antennae Blue skin Red skin Yellow skin Green skin 10 fingers 12 fingers tail No tail 4 eyes 8 eyes mRNA CODON CHART After you have decoded all of your DNA bases into the RNA bases you are ready to use the codon chart below: