THE
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF FLORIDA
As revised in
1968
And subsequently amended
November 2016
Published by
Florida Department of State
In preparation for statehood, fifty-six delegates from Florida’s twenty
counties assembled in the Panhandle town of Saint Joseph (near Port St. Joe)
to frame the 1838 Constitution (cover). The delegates were mainly planters
and lawyers from thirteen of the nation’s twenty-six states and four foreign
countries; only three were native Floridians. Three delegates would later
become U.S. Senators; two, governors; and five, members of the state
supreme court. The convention was called to order on December 3, 1838
and elected Robert Raymond Reid of St. Augustine as president.
The constitution divided the government into the traditional three
branches – an executive headed by the governor elected to a single four year
term, a bicameral legislature that met annually, and a judiciary headed by a
supreme court. It banned bank officers, clergymen, and duelists from
election to the legislature and governorship; and declared free men equal
while at the same time preserving slavery. The constitution was approved by
popular vote in 1839 and served as Florida’s constitution from statehood in
1845 until Florida seceded from the Union in 1861.
The original 1838 Constitution, signed by forty-one delegates on
January 11, 1839, has disappeared. The only surviving handwritten copy is a
clerk’s copy signed by Reid and Joshua Knowles, convention secretary,
found by the William N. “Bill” Galphin family in Fernandina Beach in 1982.
The family inherited the copy from Galphin’s grandfather William
Thompson. Thompson married the niece of Judge John C. McGehee, a
delegate to the 1838 convention and president of the Secession Convention
of 1861.
The 1838 Constitution is one of many historical documents that may
be found at the Florida State Archives. Located in the R.A. Gray Building in
Tallahassee, the Archives is mandated by law to collect and preserve
documentation of Florida’s past; including photographs, state records, and
private papers of individuals and organizations.
This material is available in
alternate format upon request.
(850) 245-6200
EQPSVKVWVKQP
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AS TGVKSGD KP 3;88 APD SWDSGSWGPVNY AMGPDGD
The Constitution of the State of Florida as revised in 1968 consisted of certain revised
articles as proposed by three joint resolutions which were adopted during the special session of
June 24-July 3, 1968, and ratified by the electorate on November 5, 1968, together with one
article carried forward from the Constitution of 1885, as amended. The articles proposed in
House Joint Resolution 1-2X constituted the entire revised constitution with the exception of
Articles V, VI, and VIII. Senate Joint Resolution 4-2X proposed Article VI, relating to suffrage
and elections. Senate Joint Resolution 5-2X proposed a new Article VIII, relating to local
government. Article V, relating to the judiciary, was carried forward from the Constitution of
1885, as amended.
Seet�qnu eqorqu�ni the 3;88 tex�u�qn haxe nq h�utqt{ nqteu0 Swbueqwent ehanieu ate
�nf�eatef b{ nqteu arrenfef tq the ahheetef ueet�qnu0 Vhe �nfezeu arreat�ni at the bei�nn�ni
qh eaeh att�e＀e, nqteu arreat�ni at the enf qh xat�qwu ueet�qnu, anf ueet�qn anf uwbueet�qn
heaf�niu ate affef ef�tqt�a＀＀{ anf ate nqt tq be eqnu�fetef au ratt qh the eqnut�twt�qn0
3
ATVKENG K
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ATVKENG K
PTGAMDNG
Ye, the reqr＀e qh the State qh H＀qt�fa, be�ni itatehw＀ tq A＀o�iht{ Gqf hqt qwt eqnut�twt�qna＀
＀�bett{, �n qtfet tq ueewte �tu beneh�tu, retheet qwt iqxetnoent, �nuwte fqoeut�e ttanqw�＀�t{,
oa�nta�n rwb＀�e qtfet, anf iwatantee eqwa＀ e�x�＀ anf rq＀�t�ea＀ t�ihtu tq a＀＀, fq qtfa�n anf
eutab＀�uh th�u eqnut�twt�qn0
ATVKENG K
SGEVKQP 50 Te＀�i�qwu hteefqo0´Vhete uha＀＀ be
nq ＀aw teureet�ni the eutab＀�uhoent qh te＀�i�qn qt
rtqh�b�t�ni qt rena＀�z�ni the htee ezete�ue theteqh0
Te＀�i�qwu hteefqo uha＀＀ nqt �wut�h{ rtaet�eeu �neqnu�utent
w�th rwb＀�e oqta＀u, reaee qt uahet{0 Pq texenwe qh the
utate qt an{ rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qn qt aiene{ theteqh uha＀＀
exet be ta�en htqo the rwb＀�e tteauwt{ f�teet＀{ qt
�nf�teet＀{ �n a�f qh an{ ehwteh, ueet, qt te＀�i�qwu
fenqo�nat�qn qt �n a�f qh an{ ueetat�an �nut�twt�qn0
DGENATAVKQP QH TKGJVS
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
380
3;0
220
230
220
250
260
250
280
290
Pq＀�t�ea＀ rqwet0
Dau�e t�ihtu0
Te＀�i�qwu hteefqo0
Hteefqo qh ureeeh anf rteuu0
T�iht tq auueob＀e0
T�iht tq wqt�0
M�＀�tat{ rqwet0
T�iht tq beat atou0
Dwe rtqeeuu0
Ptqh�b�tef ＀awu0
Kort�uqnoent hqt febt0
Seateheu anf ue�zwteu0
Jabeau eqtrwu0
Ptett�a＀ te＀eaue anf fetent�qn0
Ptqueewt�qn hqt et�oe; qhhenueu eqoo�ttef b{
eh�＀ften0
T�ihtu qh aeewuef anf qh x�et�ou0
Gzeeuu�xe rwn�uhoentu0
Afo�n�uttat�xe rena＀t�eu0
Equtu0
Vteauqn0
Aeeeuu tq eqwttu0
Vt�a＀ b{ �wt{0
T�iht qh rt�xae{0
Aeeeuu tq rwb＀�e teeqtfu anf oeet�niu0
Vazra{etu' D�＀＀ qh T�ihtu0
E＀a�oant'u t�iht tq ha�t eqorenuat�qn0
Matt�aie feh�nef0
SGEVKQP 60 Hteefqo qh ureeeh anf rteuu0´
Gxet{ retuqn oa{ urea�, wt�te anf rwb＀�uh uent�oentu
qn a＀＀ uwb�eetu bwt uha＀＀ be teurqnu�b＀e hqt the abwue qh
that t�iht0 Pq ＀aw uha＀＀ be rauuef tq teutta�n qt abt�fie
the ＀�bett{ qh ureeeh qt qh the rteuu0 Kn a＀＀ et�o�na＀
rtqueewt�qnu anf e�x�＀ aet�qnu hqt fehaoat�qn the ttwth
oa{ be i�xen �n ex�fenee0 Kh the oattet ehatief au
fehaoatqt{ �u ttwe anf wau rwb＀�uhef w�th iqqf
oqt�xeu, the ratt{ uha＀＀ be aeqw�ttef qt ezqnetatef0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 T�iht tq auueob＀e0´Vhe reqr＀e
uha＀＀ haxe the t�iht reaeeab＀{ tq auueob＀e, tq �nuttwet
the�t terteuentat�xeu, anf tq ret�t�qn hqt tefteuu qh
it�exaneeu0
SGEVKQP 80 T�iht tq wqt�0´Vhe t�iht qh retuqnu
tq wqt� uha＀＀ nqt be fen�ef qt abt�fief qn aeeqwnt qh
oeobetuh�r qt nqn/oeobetuh�r �n an{ ＀abqt wn�qn qt
＀abqt qtian�zat�qn0 Vhe t�iht qh eor＀q{eeu, b{ anf
thtqwih a ＀abqt qtian�zat�qn, tq batia�n eq＀＀eet�xe＀{ uha＀＀
nqt be fen�ef qt abt�fief0 Pwb＀�e eor＀q{eeu uha＀＀ nqt
haxe the t�iht tq utt��e0
SGEVKQP 30 Pq＀�t�ea＀ rqwet0´A＀＀ rq＀�t�ea＀ rqwet �u
�nhetent �n the reqr＀e0 Vhe enwne�at�qn hete�n qh eetta�n
t�ihtu uha＀＀ nqt be eqnuttwef tq fen{ qt �ora�t qthetu
teta�nef b{ the reqr＀e0
SGEVKQP 90 M�＀�tat{ rqwet0´Vhe o�＀�tat{ rqwet
uha＀＀ be uwbqtf�nate tq the e�x�＀0
SGEVKQP 80 T�iht tq beat atou0´
(a) Vhe t�iht qh the reqr＀e tq �eer anf beat atou �n
fehenue qh theoue＀xeu anf qh the ＀awhw＀ awthqt�t{ qh the
utate uha＀＀ nqt be �nht�nief, ezeert that the oannet qh
beat�ni atou oa{ be teiw＀atef b{ ＀aw0
(b) Vhete uha＀＀ be a oanfatqt{ ret�qf qh thtee fa{u,
eze＀wf�ni wee�enfu anf ＀eia＀ hq＀�fa{u, between the
rwtehaue anf fe＀�xet{ at teta�＀ qh an{ hanfiwn0 Hqt the
rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn, ¬rwtehaue¹ oeanu the ttanuhet
qh oqne{ qt qthet xa＀wab＀e eqnu�fetat�qn tq the teta�＀et,
anf ¬hanfiwn¹ oeanu a h�teato earab＀e qh be�ni eatt�ef
anf wuef b{ qne hanf, uweh au a r�utq＀ qt texq＀xet0
Jq＀fetu qh a eqneea＀ef wearqn reto�t au rteuet�bef �n
H＀qt�fa ＀aw uha＀＀ nqt be uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u
rataitarh0
SGEVKQP 20 Dau�e t�ihtu0´A＀＀ natwta＀ retuqnu,
heoa＀e anf oa＀e a＀��e, ate eqwa＀ behqte the ＀aw anf
haxe �na＀�enab＀e t�ihtu, aoqni wh�eh ate the t�iht tq
en�q{ anf fehenf ＀�he anf ＀�bett{, tq rwtuwe harr�neuu,
tq be tewatfef hqt �nfwutt{, anf tq aeqw�te, rquueuu anf
rtqteet rtqrett{; ezeert that the qwnetuh�r, �nhet�tanee,
f�urqu�t�qn anf rquueuu�qn qh tea＀ rtqrett{ b{ a＀�enu
�ne＀�i�b＀e hqt e�t�zenuh�r oa{ be teiw＀atef qt rtqh�b�tef
b{ ＀aw0 Pq retuqn uha＀＀ be fert�xef qh an{ t�iht beeawue
qh taee, te＀�i�qn, nat�qna＀ qt�i�n, qt rh{u�ea＀ f�uab�＀�t{0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 ;39, 3;96; afqrtef 3;96; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 ;, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5,
3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
2
ATVKENG K
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ATVKENG K
SGEVKQP 350 Ptqueewt�qn hqt et�oe; qhhenueu
eqoo�ttef b{ eh�＀ften0´
(a) Pq retuqn uha＀＀ be tt�ef hqt ear�ta＀ et�oe w�thqwt
rteuentoent qt �nf�etoent b{ a itanf �wt{, qt hqt qthet
he＀qn{ w�thqwt uweh rteuentoent qt �nf�etoent qt an
�nhqtoat�qn wnfet qath h�＀ef b{ the rtqueewt�ni qhh�eet qh
the eqwtt, ezeert retuqnu qn aet�xe fwt{ �n the o�＀�t�a
when tt�ef b{ eqwttu oatt�a＀0
(b) Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, a eh�＀f au thete�n
feh�nef oa{ be ehatief w�th a x�q＀at�qn qh ＀aw au an
aet qh fe＀�nqwene{ �nuteaf qh et�oe anf tt�ef w�thqwt a
�wt{ qt qthet teqw�teoentu arr＀�eab＀e tq et�o�na＀ eaueu0
An{ eh�＀f uq ehatief uha＀＀, wrqn feoanf oafe au
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw behqte a tt�a＀ �n a �wxen�＀e rtqeeef�ni,
be tt�ef �n an arrtqrt�ate eqwtt au an afw＀t0 A eh�＀f hqwnf
fe＀�nqwent uha＀＀ be f�ue�r＀�nef au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(e) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ enaet ＀ei�u＀at�qn �or＀eoent/
�ni uwbueet�qn (b) qh th�u ueet�qn, ehheet�xe nq ＀atet than
Deeeobet 53, 3;;3, wh�eh uha＀＀ rtqx�fe that an{qne
x�q＀at�ni the rtqx�u�qnu qh uwbueet�qn (b) uha＀＀ be iw�＀t{
qh a he＀qn{0
(f) Vh�u teutt�et�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{ tq a ttafe �n qh
anqthet hanfiwn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 65, 3;8;; afqrtef 3;;20
SGEVKQP ;0 Dwe rtqeeuu0´Pq retuqn uha＀＀ be
fert�xef qh ＀�he, ＀�bett{ qt rtqrett{ w�thqwt fwe rtqeeuu
qh ＀aw, qt be tw�ee rwt �n �eqratf{ hqt the uaoe qhhenue,
qt be eqore＀＀ef �n an{ et�o�na＀ oattet tq be a w�tneuu
aia�nut qneue＀h0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 320 Ptqh�b�tef ＀awu0´Pq b�＀＀ qh atta�n/
fet, ez rqut haetq ＀aw qt ＀aw �ora�t�ni the qb＀�iat�qn qh
eqnttaetu uha＀＀ be rauuef0
SGEVKQP 380 T�ihtu qh aeewuef anf qh x�et�ou0
(a) Kn a＀＀ et�o�na＀ rtqueewt�qnu the aeewuef uha＀＀,
wrqn feoanf, be �nhqtoef qh the natwte anf eawue qh
the aeewuat�qn, anf uha＀＀ be hwtn�uhef a eqr{ qh the
ehatieu, anf uha＀＀ haxe the t�iht tq haxe eqorw＀uqt{
rtqeeuu hqt w�tneuueu, tq eqnhtqnt at tt�a＀ afxetue
w�tneuueu, tq be heatf �n retuqn, b{ eqwnue＀ qt bqth,
anf tq haxe a ureef{ anf rwb＀�e tt�a＀ b{ �oratt�a＀ �wt{ �n
the eqwnt{ whete the et�oe wau eqoo�ttef0 Kh the eqwnt{
�u nqt �nqwn, the �nf�etoent qt �nhqtoat�qn oa{ ehatie
xenwe �n twq qt oqte eqwnt�eu eqn�wnet�xe＀{ anf rtqqh
that the et�oe wau eqoo�ttef �n that atea uha＀＀ be
uwhh�e�ent; bwt behqte r＀eaf�ni the aeewuef oa{ e＀eet �n
wh�eh qh thque eqwnt�eu the tt�a＀ w�＀＀ ta�e r＀aee0 Venwe
hqt rtqueewt�qn qh et�oeu eqoo�ttef be{qnf the bqwnf/
at�eu qh the utate uha＀＀ be h�zef b{ ＀aw0
(b) V�et�ou qh et�oe qt the�t ＀awhw＀ terteuentat�xeu,
�ne＀wf�ni the nezt qh ��n qh hqo�e�fe x�et�ou, ate ent�t＀ef
tq the t�iht tq be �nhqtoef, tq be rteuent, anf tq be
heatf when te＀exant, at a＀＀ etwe�a＀ utaieu qh et�o�na＀
rtqeeef�niu, tq the eztent that theue t�ihtu fq nqt
�ntethete w�th the eqnut�twt�qna＀ t�ihtu qh the aeewuef0
SGEVKQP 330 Kort�uqnoent hqt febt0´Pq ret/
uqn uha＀＀ be �ort�uqnef hqt febt, ezeert �n eaueu qh
htawf0
SGEVKQP 320 Seateheu anf ue�zwteu0´Vhe t�iht
qh the reqr＀e tq be ueewte �n the�t retuqnu, hqwueu,
raretu anf ehheetu aia�nut wnteauqnab＀e ueateheu anf
ue�zwteu, anf aia�nut the wnteauqnab＀e �nteteert�qn qh
rt�xate eqoown�eat�qnu b{ an{ oeanu, uha＀＀ nqt be
x�q＀atef0 Pq wattant uha＀＀ be �uuwef ezeert wrqn
rtqbab＀e eawue, uwrrqttef b{ ahh�fax�t, ratt�ew＀at＀{
feuet�b�ni the r＀aee qt r＀aeeu tq be ueatehef, the
retuqn qt retuqnu, th�ni qt th�niu tq be ue�zef, the
eqoown�eat�qn tq be �nteteertef, anf the natwte qh
ex�fenee tq be qbta�nef0 Vh�u t�iht uha＀＀ be eqnuttwef �n
eqnhqto�t{ w�th the 6th Aoenfoent tq the Wn�tef Stateu
Eqnut�twt�qn, au �ntetrtetef b{ the Wn�tef Stateu Sw/
rteoe Eqwtt0 Att�e＀eu qt �nhqtoat�qn qbta�nef �n x�q＀a/
t�qn qh th�u t�iht uha＀＀ nqt be afo�uu�b＀e �n ex�fenee �h
uweh att�e＀eu qt �nhqtoat�qn wqw＀f be �nafo�uu�b＀e wnfet
fee�u�qnu qh the Wn�tef Stateu Swrteoe Eqwtt eqnuttw/
�ni the 6th Aoenfoent tq the Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�tw/
t�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 355, 3;89; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 390 Gzeeuu�xe rwn�uhoentu0´Gzeeu/
u�xe h�neu, etwe＀ anf wnwuwa＀ rwn�uhoent, atta�nfet,
hqthe�twte qh eutate, �nfeh�n�te �ort�uqnoent, anf wn/
teauqnab＀e fetent�qn qh w�tneuueu ate hqtb�ffen0 Vhe
feath rena＀t{ �u an awthqt�zef rwn�uhoent hqt ear�ta＀
et�oeu feu�inatef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte0 Vhe rtqh�b�t�qn
aia�nut etwe＀ qt wnwuwa＀ rwn�uhoent, anf the rtqh�b�t�qn
aia�nut etwe＀ anf wnwuwa＀ rwn�uhoent, uha＀＀ be eqn/
uttwef �n eqnhqto�t{ w�th fee�u�qnu qh the Wn�tef Stateu
Swrteoe Eqwtt wh�eh �ntetrtet the rtqh�b�t�qn aia�nut
etwe＀ anf wnwuwa＀ rwn�uhoent rtqx�fef �n the G�ihth
Aoenfoent tq the Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�twt�qn0 An{
oethqf qh ezeewt�qn uha＀＀ be a＀＀qwef, wn＀euu rtqh�b�tef
b{ the Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�twt�qn0 Methqfu qh ezeewt�qn
oa{ be feu�inatef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte, anf a ehanie �n
an{ oethqf qh ezeewt�qn oa{ be arr＀�ef tettqaet�xe＀{0 A
uentenee qh feath uha＀＀ nqt be tefweef qn the bau�u that
a oethqf qh ezeewt�qn �u �nxa＀�f0 Kn an{ eaue �n wh�eh an
ezeewt�qn oethqf �u fee＀atef �nxa＀�f, the feath uen/
tenee uha＀＀ teoa�n �n hqtee wnt�＀ the uentenee ean be
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 53/J, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
SGEVKQP 350 Jabeau eqtrwu0´Vhe wt�t qh ha/
beau eqtrwu uha＀＀ be itantab＀e qh t�iht, htee＀{ anf
w�thqwt equt0 Kt uha＀＀ be tetwtnab＀e w�thqwt fe＀a{, anf
uha＀＀ nexet be uwurenfef wn＀euu, �n eaue qh tebe＀＀�qn qt
�nxau�qn, uwurenu�qn �u euuent�a＀ tq the rwb＀�e uahet{0
SGEVKQP 360 Ptett�a＀ te＀eaue anf fetent�qn0´
Wn＀euu ehatief w�th a ear�ta＀ qhhenue qt an qhhenue
rwn�uhab＀e b{ ＀�he �ort�uqnoent anf the rtqqh qh iw�＀t �u
ex�fent qt the rteuwort�qn �u iteat, exet{ retuqn
ehatief w�th a et�oe qt x�q＀at�qn qh own�e�ra＀ qt eqwnt{
qtf�nanee uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq rtett�a＀ te＀eaue qn teauqn/
ab＀e eqnf�t�qnu0 Kh nq eqnf�t�qnu qh te＀eaue ean teauqn/
ab＀{ rtqteet the eqoown�t{ htqo t�u� qh rh{u�ea＀ hato tq
retuqnu, auuwte the rteuenee qh the aeewuef at tt�a＀, qt
auuwte the �nteit�t{ qh the �wf�e�a＀ rtqeeuu, the aeewuef
oa{ be feta�nef0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 65/J, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
5
ATVKENG K
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ATVKENG K
anf oeet�niu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ be qren anf
nqt�eef au rtqx�fef �n Att�e＀e KKK, Seet�qn 6(e), ezeert
w�th teureet tq oeet�niu ezeortef rwtuwant tq th�u
ueet�qn qt uree�h�ea＀＀{ e＀quef b{ th�u Eqnut�twt�qn0
(e) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be ue＀h/ezeewt�ni0 Vhe ＀ei�u/
＀atwte, hqwexet, oa{ rtqx�fe b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw rauuef b{
a twq/th�tfu xqte qh eaeh hqwue hqt the ezeort�qn qh
teeqtfu htqo the teqw�teoentu qh uwbueet�qn (a) anf the
ezeort�qn qh oeet�niu htqo the teqw�teoentu qh uwb/
ueet�qn (b), rtqx�fef that uweh ＀aw uha＀＀ utate w�th
uree�h�e�t{ the rwb＀�e neeeuu�t{ �wut�h{�ni the ezeort�qn
anf uha＀＀ be nq btqafet than neeeuuat{ tq aeeqor＀�uh
the utatef rwtrque qh the ＀aw0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ enaet
＀awu iqxetn�ni the enhqteeoent qh th�u ueet�qn, �ne＀wf/
�ni the oa�ntenanee, eqnttq＀, feuttwet�qn, f�urqua＀, anf
f�urqu�t�qn qh teeqtfu oafe rwb＀�e b{ th�u ueet�qn,
ezeert that eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ afqrt
tw＀eu iqxetn�ni the enhqteeoent qh th�u ueet�qn �n
te＀at�qn tq teeqtfu qh the ＀ei�u＀at�xe btaneh0 Nawu
enaetef rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ eqnta�n qn＀{
ezeort�qnu htqo the teqw�teoentu qh uwbueet�qnu (a) qt
(b) anf rtqx�u�qnu iqxetn�ni the enhqteeoent qh th�u
ueet�qn, anf uha＀＀ te＀ate tq qne uwb�eet0
(f) A＀＀ ＀awu that ate �n ehheet qn Jw＀{ 3, 3;;5 that ＀�o�t
rwb＀�e aeeeuu tq teeqtfu qt oeet�niu uha＀＀ teoa�n �n
hqtee, anf uweh ＀awu arr＀{ tq teeqtfu qh the ＀ei�u＀at�xe
anf �wf�e�a＀ btaneheu, wnt�＀ the{ ate terea＀ef0 Tw＀eu qh
eqwtt that ate �n ehheet qn the fate qh afqrt�qn qh th�u
ueet�qn that ＀�o�t aeeeuu tq teeqtfu uha＀＀ teoa�n �n ehheet
wnt�＀ the{ ate terea＀ef0
＀awhw＀＀{ ezeewtef b{ an{ xa＀�f oethqf0 Vh�u ueet�qn
uha＀＀ arr＀{ tettqaet�xe＀{0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 5525, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 J0J0T0 ;53, 2223;
afqrtef 22220
SGEVKQP 380 Afo�n�uttat�xe rena＀t�eu0´Pq af/
o�n�uttat�xe aiene{, ezeert the Derattoent qh M�＀�tat{
Ahha�tu �n an arrtqrt�ate＀{ eqnxenef eqwtt/oatt�a＀ aet�qn
au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, uha＀＀ �orque a uentenee qh
�ort�uqnoent, nqt uha＀＀ �t �orque an{ qthet rena＀t{
ezeert au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 3;0 Equtu0´Pq retuqn ehatief w�th
et�oe uha＀＀ be eqore＀＀ef tq ra{ equtu behqte a �wfioent
qh eqnx�et�qn hau beeqoe h�na＀0
SGEVKQP 220 Vteauqn0´Vteauqn aia�nut the utate
uha＀＀ eqnu�ut qn＀{ �n ＀ex{�ni wat aia�nut �t, afhet�ni tq �tu
eneo�eu, qt i�x�ni theo a�f anf eqohqtt, anf nq retuqn
uha＀＀ be eqnx�etef qh tteauqn ezeert qn the teut�oqn{ qh
twq w�tneuueu tq the uaoe qxett aet qt qn eqnheuu�qn �n
qren eqwtt0
SGEVKQP 230 Aeeeuu tq eqwttu0´Vhe eqwttu uha＀＀
be qren tq exet{ retuqn hqt tefteuu qh an{ �n�wt{, anf
�wut�ee uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef w�thqwt ua＀e, fen�a＀ qt
fe＀a{0
SGEVKQP 220 Vt�a＀ b{ �wt{0´Vhe t�iht qh tt�a＀ b{
�wt{ uha＀＀ be ueewte tq a＀＀ anf teoa�n �nx�q＀ate0 Vhe
qwa＀�h�eat�qnu anf the nwobet qh �wtqtu, nqt hewet than
u�z, uha＀＀ be h�zef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 3929, 885, 2255, 3;;2; afqrtef
3;;2; Ao0 S0J0T0 3286, 2222; afqrtef 22220
3 SGEVKQP 250
Vazra{etu' D�＀＀ qh T�ihtu0´D{
ieneta＀ ＀aw the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rteuet�be anf afqrt a
Vazra{etu' D�＀＀ qh T�ihtu that, �n e＀eat anf eqne�ue
＀aniwaie, uetu hqtth tazra{etu' t�ihtu anf teurqnu�b�＀/
�t�eu anf iqxetnoent'u teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu tq fea＀ ha�t＀{ w�th
tazra{etu wnfet the ＀awu qh th�u utate0 Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
be ehheet�xe Jw＀{ 3, 3;;50
SGEVKQP 250 T�iht qh rt�xae{0´Gxet{ natwta＀
retuqn hau the t�iht tq be ＀et a＀qne anf htee htqo
iqxetnoenta＀ �nttwu�qn �ntq the retuqn'u rt�xate ＀�he
ezeert au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef hete�n0 Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
nqt be eqnuttwef tq ＀�o�t the rwb＀�e'u t�iht qh aeeeuu tq
rwb＀�e teeqtfu anf oeet�niu au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
2, 3;;2, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 9, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;20
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 26 b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 2 qh the
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 3;;2, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 25 b{
the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 26 au eqnta�nef �n J0J0T0'u 3929,
885, 2255, 3;;20
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 589, 3;82; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 rtqrquef b{
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh
State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 260 Aeeeuu tq rwb＀�e teeqtfu anf
oeet�niu0´
(a) Gxet{ retuqn hau the t�iht tq �nureet qt eqr{ an{
rwb＀�e teeqtf oafe qt teee�xef �n eqnneet�qn w�th the
qhh�e�a＀ bwu�neuu qh an{ rwb＀�e bqf{, qhh�eet, qt eor＀q{ee
qh the utate, qt retuqnu aet�ni qn the�t beha＀h, ezeert
w�th teureet tq teeqtfu ezeortef rwtuwant tq th�u
ueet�qn qt uree�h�ea＀＀{ oafe eqnh�fent�a＀ b{ th�u Eqn/
ut�twt�qn0 Vh�u ueet�qn uree�h�ea＀＀{ �ne＀wfeu the ＀ei�u＀a/
t�xe, ezeewt�xe, anf �wf�e�a＀ btaneheu qh iqxetnoent
anf eaeh aiene{ qt ferattoent eteatef thetewnfet;
eqwnt�eu, own�e�ra＀�t�eu, anf f�utt�etu; anf eaeh eqn/
ut�twt�qna＀ qhh�eet, bqatf, anf eqoo�uu�qn, qt ent�t{
eteatef rwtuwant tq ＀aw qt th�u Eqnut�twt�qn0
(b) A＀＀ oeet�niu qh an{ eq＀＀ei�a＀ rwb＀�e bqf{ qh the
ezeewt�xe btaneh qh utate iqxetnoent qt qh an{ eq＀＀ei�a＀
rwb＀�e bqf{ qh a eqwnt{, own�e�ra＀�t{, uehqq＀ f�utt�et, qt
uree�a＀ f�utt�et, at wh�eh qhh�e�a＀ aetu ate tq be ta�en qt at
wh�eh rwb＀�e bwu�neuu qh uweh bqf{ �u tq be ttanuaetef
qt f�uewuuef, uha＀＀ be qren anf nqt�eef tq the rwb＀�e
SGEVKQP 280 E＀a�oant'u t�iht tq ha�t eqorenua/
t�qn0´
(a) Att�e＀e K, Seet�qn 28 �u eteatef tq teaf ¬E＀a�/
oant'u t�iht tq ha�t eqorenuat�qn0¹ Kn an{ oef�ea＀
＀�ab�＀�t{ e＀a�o �nxq＀x�ni a eqnt�niene{ hee, the e＀a�oant
�u ent�t＀ef tq teee�xe nq ＀euu than 92' qh the h�tut
&252,222022 �n a＀＀ faoaieu teee�xef b{ the e＀a�oant,
eze＀wu�xe qh teauqnab＀e anf ewutqoat{ equtu, whethet
teee�xef b{ �wfioent, uett＀eoent, qt qthetw�ue, anf
teiatf＀euu qh the nwobet qh fehenfantu0 Vhe e＀a�oant �u
ent�t＀ef tq ;2' qh a＀＀ faoaieu �n ezeeuu qh
&252,222022, eze＀wu�xe qh teauqnab＀e anf ewutqoat{
equtu anf teiatf＀euu qh the nwobet qh fehenfantu0 Vh�u
rtqx�u�qn �u ue＀h/ezeewt�ni anf fqeu nqt teqw�te �o/
r＀eoent�ni ＀ei�u＀at�qn0
(b) Vh�u Aoenfoent uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn the fa{
hq＀＀qw�ni arrtqxa＀ b{ the xqtetu0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Serteobet 8, 2225; afqrtef 22260
6
ATVKENG K
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
htqo the eqaut＀�ne tq a rq�nt weut qh the oqwth qh the
Petf�fq T�xet thtee ＀eaiweu htqo the eqaut＀�ne au
oeauwtef qn a ＀�ne beat�ni uqwth 2®23Á22ÁÁ weut htqo
the rq�nt qh bei�nn�ni; thenee nqtthet＀{ a＀qni ua�f ＀�ne
tq the rq�nt qh bei�nn�ni0 Vhe State qh H＀qt�fa uha＀＀ a＀uq
�ne＀wfe an{ aff�t�qna＀ tett�tqt{ w�th�n the Wn�tef Stateu
af�aeent tq the Pen�nuw＀a qh H＀qt�fa ＀{�ni uqwth qh the St0
Mat{u T�xet, eaut qh the Petf�fq T�xet, anf uqwth qh the
Stateu qh A＀abaoa anf Geqti�a0
(b) Vhe eqauta＀ bqwnfat�eu oa{ be eztenfef b{
utatwte tq the ＀�o�tu reto�ttef b{ the ＀awu qh the Wn�tef
Stateu qt �ntetnat�qna＀ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 290 Matt�aie feh�nef0´Knauoweh au
oatt�aie �u the ＀eia＀ wn�qn qh qn＀{ qne oan anf qne
wqoan au hwubanf anf w�he, nq qthet ＀eia＀ wn�qn that �u
tteatef au oatt�aie qt the uwbutant�a＀ eqw�xa＀ent theteqh
uha＀＀ be xa＀�f qt teeqin�zef0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Hebtwat{ ;, 2225; afqrtef 22280
ATVKENG KK
GGPGTAN PTQVKSKQPS
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
ATVKENG KK
State bqwnfat�eu0
Seat qh iqxetnoent0
Dtaneheu qh iqxetnoent0
State uea＀ anf h＀ai0
Pwb＀�e qhh�eetu0
Gneo{ attae�0
Patwta＀ teuqwteeu anf ueen�e beawt{0
Gth�eu �n iqxetnoent0
Gni＀�uh �u the qhh�e�a＀ ＀aniwaie qh H＀qt�fa0
SGEVKQP 20 Seat qh iqxetnoent0´Vhe ueat qh
iqxetnoent uha＀＀ be the E�t{ qh Va＀＀ahauuee, �n Neqn
Eqwnt{, whete the qhh�eeu qh the iqxetnqt, ＀�ewtenant
iqxetnqt, eab�net oeobetu anf the uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀
be oa�nta�nef anf the ueuu�qnu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀
be he＀f; rtqx�fef that, �n t�oe qh �nxau�qn qt itaxe
eoetiene{, the iqxetnqt b{ rtqe＀aoat�qn oa{ hqt the
ret�qf qh the eoetiene{ ttanuhet the ueat qh iqxetn/
oent tq anqthet r＀aee0
SGEVKQP 30 State bqwnfat�eu0´
(a) Vhe utate bqwnfat�eu ate< Dei�n at the oqwth qh
the Petf�fq T�xet, wh�eh hqt the rwtrqueu qh th�u
feuet�rt�qn �u feh�nef au the rq�nt whete ＀at�twfe
52®38Á55ÁÁ nqtth anf ＀qni�twfe 89®53Á28ÁÁ weut �ntet/
ueet; thenee tq the rq�nt whete ＀at�twfe 52®39Á22ÁÁ nqtth
anf ＀qni�twfe 89®53Á28ÁÁ weut �ntetueet; thenee tq the
rq�nt whete ＀at�twfe 52®38Á22ÁÁ nqtth anf ＀qni�twfe
89®29Á28ÁÁ weut �ntetueet; thenee tq the rq�nt whete the
eentet ＀�ne qh the Knttaeqauta＀ Eana＀ (au the uaoe
ez�utef qn Jwne 32, 3;55) anf ＀qni�twfe 89®29Á22ÁÁ
weut �ntetueet; the uaoe be�ni �n the o�ff＀e qh the
Petf�fq T�xet; thenee wr the o�ff＀e qh the Petf�fq T�xet
tq the rq�nt whete �t �ntetueetu the uqwth bqwnfat{ qh the
State qh A＀abaoa, be�ni a＀uq the rq�nt qh �ntetueet�qn qh
the o�ff＀e qh the Petf�fq T�xet w�th ＀at�twfe 53®22Á22ÁÁ
nqtth; thenee eaut, a＀qni the uqwth bqwnfat{ ＀�ne qh the
State qh A＀abaoa, the uaoe be�ni ＀at�twfe 53®22Á22ÁÁ
nqtth tq the o�ff＀e qh the Ehattahqqehee T�xet; thenee
fqwn the o�ff＀e qh ua�f t�xet tq �tu eqnh＀wenee w�th the
H＀�nt T�xet; thenee �n a utta�iht ＀�ne tq the heaf qh the St0
Mat{u T�xet; thenee fqwn the o�ff＀e qh ua�f t�xet tq the
At＀ant�e Qeean; thenee fwe eaut tq the efie qh the Gw＀h
Stteao qt a f�utanee qh thtee ieqitarh�e o�＀eu wh�eh/
exet �u the iteatet f�utanee; thenee �n a uqwthet＀{
f�teet�qn a＀qni the efie qh the Gw＀h Stteao qt a＀qni a
＀�ne thtee ieqitarh�e o�＀eu htqo the At＀ant�e eqaut＀�ne
anf thtee ＀eaiweu f�utant htqo the Gw＀h qh Mez�eq
eqaut＀�ne, wh�ehexet �u iteatet, tq anf thtqwih the
Stta�tu qh H＀qt�fa anf weutet＀{, �ne＀wf�ni the H＀qt�fa
teehu, tq a rq�nt fwe uqwth qh anf thtee ＀eaiweu htqo the
uqwthetnoqut rq�nt qh the Matqweuau Me{u; thenee
weutet＀{ a＀qni a utta�iht ＀�ne tq a rq�nt fwe uqwth qh anf
thtee ＀eaiweu htqo Nqiietheaf Me{, the weutetnoqut
qh the Dt{ Vqttwiau Ku＀anfu; thenee weutet＀{, nqtthet＀{
anf eautet＀{ a＀qni the ate qh a ewtxe thtee ＀eaiweu
f�utant htqo Nqiietheaf Me{ tq a rq�nt fwe nqtth qh
Nqiietheaf Me{; thenee nqttheaut a＀qni a utta�iht ＀�ne
tq a rq�nt thtee ＀eaiweu htqo the eqaut＀�ne qh H＀qt�fa;
thenee nqtthet＀{ anf weutet＀{ thtee ＀eaiweu f�utant
SGEVKQP 50 Dtaneheu qh iqxetnoent0´Vhe
rqwetu qh the utate iqxetnoent uha＀＀ be f�x�fef �ntq
＀ei�u＀at�xe, ezeewt�xe anf �wf�e�a＀ btaneheu0 Pq retuqn
be＀qni�ni tq qne btaneh uha＀＀ ezete�ue an{ rqwetu
arretta�n�ni tq e�thet qh the qthet btaneheu wn＀euu
ezrteuu＀{ rtqx�fef hete�n0
SGEVKQP 60 State uea＀ anf h＀ai0´Vhe feu�in qh
the iteat uea＀ anf h＀ai qh the utate uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef b{
＀aw0
SGEVKQP 50 Pwb＀�e qhh�eetu0´
(a) Pq retuqn hq＀f�ni an{ qhh�ee qh eoq＀woent
wnfet an{ hqte�in iqxetnoent, qt e�x�＀ qhh�ee qh eoq＀w/
oent wnfet the Wn�tef Stateu qt an{ qthet utate, uha＀＀
hq＀f an{ qhh�ee qh hqnqt qt qh eoq＀woent wnfet the
iqxetnoent qh th�u utate0 Pq retuqn uha＀＀ hq＀f at the
uaoe t�oe oqte than qne qhh�ee wnfet the iqxetnoent
qh the utate anf the eqwnt�eu anf own�e�ra＀�t�eu thete�n,
ezeert that a nqtat{ rwb＀�e qt o�＀�tat{ qhh�eet oa{ hq＀f
anqthet qhh�ee, anf an{ qhh�eet oa{ be a oeobet qh a
eqnut�twt�qn tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn, tazat�qn anf bwfiet
tehqto eqoo�uu�qn, eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn, qt utatw/
tqt{ bqf{ hax�ni qn＀{ afx�uqt{ rqwetu0
(b) Gaeh utate anf eqwnt{ qhh�eet, behqte entet�ni
wrqn the fwt�eu qh the qhh�ee, uha＀＀ i�xe bqnf au teqw�tef
b{ ＀aw, anf uha＀＀ uweat qt ahh�to<
¬K fq uq＀eon＀{ uweat (qt ahh�to) that K w�＀＀ uwrrqtt,
rtqteet, anf fehenf the Eqnut�twt�qn anf Gqxetnoent qh
the Wn�tef Stateu anf qh the State qh H＀qt�fa; that K ao
fw＀{ qwa＀�h�ef tq hq＀f qhh�ee wnfet the Eqnut�twt�qn qh the
utate; anf that K w�＀＀ we＀＀ anf ha�thhw＀＀{ rethqto the fwt�eu
qh (t�t＀e qh qhh�ee) qn wh�eh K ao nqw abqwt tq entet0 Sq
he＀r oe Gqf0¹,
anf theteahtet uha＀＀ fexqte retuqna＀ attent�qn tq the
fwt�eu qh the qhh�ee, anf eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee wnt�＀ a
uweeeuuqt qwa＀�h�eu0
5
ATVKENG KK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ATVKENG KKK
bqf{ qt aiene{ qh wh�eh the �nf�x�fwa＀ wau an qhh�eet qt
oeobet hqt a ret�qf qh twq {eatu hq＀＀qw�ni xaeat�qn qh
qhh�ee0 Pq oeobet qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ retuqna＀＀{
terteuent anqthet retuqn qt ent�t{ hqt eqorenuat�qn
fwt�ni teto qh qhh�ee behqte an{ utate aiene{ qthet than
�wf�e�a＀ tt�bwna＀u0 S�o�＀at teutt�et�qnu qn qthet rwb＀�e
qhh�eetu anf eor＀q{eeu oa{ be eutab＀�uhef b{ ＀aw0
(h) Vhete uha＀＀ be an �nferenfent eqoo�uu�qn tq
eqnfwet �nxeut�iat�qnu anf oa�e rwb＀�e terqttu qn a＀＀
eqor＀a�ntu eqneetn�ni bteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut b{ rwb＀�e
qhh�eetu qt eor＀q{eeu nqt w�th�n the �wt�uf�et�qn qh the
�wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn0
(i) A eqfe qh eth�eu hqt a＀＀ utate eor＀q{eeu anf
nqn�wf�e�a＀ qhh�eetu rtqh�b�t�ni eqnh＀�et between rwb＀�e
fwt{ anf rt�xate �nteteutu uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0
(h) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt be eqnuttwef tq ＀�o�t
f�ue＀quwteu anf rtqh�b�t�qnu wh�eh oa{ be eutab＀�uhef
b{ ＀aw tq rteuetxe the rwb＀�e ttwut anf axq�f eqnh＀�etu
between rwb＀�e fwt�eu anf rt�xate �nteteutu0
(�) Sehefw＀e´Qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenf/
oent anf wnt�＀ ehanief b{ ＀aw<
(3) Hw＀＀ anf rwb＀�e f�ue＀quwte qh h�nane�a＀ �nteteutu
uha＀＀ oean h�＀�ni w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu b{
Jw＀{ 3 qh eaeh {eat a uwqtn utateoent uhqw�ni net
wqtth anf �fent�h{�ni eaeh auuet anf ＀�ab�＀�t{ �n ezeeuu
qh &3,222 anf �tu xa＀we tqiethet w�th qne qh the
hq＀＀qw�ni<
a0 A eqr{ qh the retuqn'u oqut teeent hefeta＀
�neqoe taz tetwtn; qt
b0 A uwqtn utateoent wh�eh �fent�h�eu eaeh uera/
tate uqwtee anf aoqwnt qh �neqoe wh�eh ezeeefu
&3,2220 Vhe hqtou hqt uweh uqwtee f�ue＀quwte anf the
tw＀eu wnfet wh�eh the{ ate tq be h�＀ef uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef
b{ the �nferenfent eqoo�uu�qn eutab＀�uhef �n uwbuee/
t�qn (h), anf uweh tw＀eu uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe f�ue＀quwte qh
ueeqnfat{ uqwteeu qh �neqoe0
(2) Petuqnu hq＀f�ni utatew�fe e＀eet�xe qhh�eeu uha＀＀
a＀uq h�＀e f�ue＀quwte qh the�t h�nane�a＀ �nteteutu rwtuwant tq
uwbueet�qn (�)(3)0
(5) Vhe �nferenfent eqoo�uu�qn rtqx�fef hqt �n
uwbueet�qn (h) uha＀＀ oean the H＀qt�fa Eqoo�uu�qn qn
Gth�eu0
(e) Vhe rqwetu, fwt�eu, eqorenuat�qn anf oethqf
qh ra{oent qh utate anf eqwnt{ qhh�eetu uha＀＀ be h�zef b{
＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3838, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 Gneo{ attae�0´Kn ret�qfu qh eoet/
iene{ teuw＀t�ni htqo eneo{ attae� the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀
haxe rqwet tq rtqx�fe hqt rtqort anf teorqtat{
uweeeuu�qn tq the rqwetu anf fwt�eu qh a＀＀ rwb＀�e qhh�eeu
the �newobentu qh wh�eh oa{ beeqoe wnaxa�＀ab＀e tq
ezeewte the hwnet�qnu qh the�t qhh�eeu, anf tq afqrt uweh
qthet oeauwteu au oa{ be neeeuuat{ anf arrtqrt�ate
tq �nuwte the eqnt�nw�t{ qh iqxetnoenta＀ qretat�qnu
fwt�ni the eoetiene{0 Kn ezete�u�ni theue rqwetu, the
＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ feratt htqo qthet teqw�teoentu qh th�u
eqnut�twt�qn, bwt qn＀{ tq the eztent neeeuuat{ tq oeet
the eoetiene{0
SGEVKQP 90 Patwta＀ teuqwteeu anf ueen�e
beawt{0´
(a) Kt uha＀＀ be the rq＀�e{ qh the utate tq eqnuetxe anf
rtqteet �tu natwta＀ teuqwteeu anf ueen�e beawt{0 Afe/
qwate rtqx�u�qn uha＀＀ be oafe b{ ＀aw hqt the abateoent
qh a�t anf watet rq＀＀wt�qn anf qh ezeeuu�xe anf
wnneeeuuat{ nq�ue anf hqt the eqnuetxat�qn anf
rtqteet�qn qh natwta＀ teuqwteeu0
(b) Vhque �n the Gxeti＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀ Atea whq
eawue watet rq＀＀wt�qn w�th�n the Gxeti＀afeu Ptqteet�qn
Atea qt the Gxeti＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀ Atea uha＀＀ be
rt�oat�＀{ teurqnu�b＀e hqt ra{�ni the equtu qh the abate/
oent qh that rq＀＀wt�qn0 Hqt the rwtrqueu qh th�u uwbuee/
t�qn, the tetou ¬Gxeti＀afeu Ptqteet�qn Atea¹ anf ¬Gxet/
i＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀ Atea¹ uha＀＀ haxe the oean�niu au
feh�nef �n utatwteu �n ehheet qn Janwat{ 3, 3;;80
J�utqt{0´Ao0 b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Mateh 28,
3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn
Pq0 5, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 Gth�eu �n iqxetnoent0´A rwb＀�e
qhh�ee �u a rwb＀�e ttwut0 Vhe reqr＀e uha＀＀ haxe the t�iht
tq ueewte anf uwuta�n that ttwut aia�nut abwue0 Vq
auuwte th�u t�iht<
(a) A＀＀ e＀eetef eqnut�twt�qna＀ qhh�eetu anf eanf�fateu
hqt uweh qhh�eeu anf, au oa{ be feteto�nef b{ ＀aw, qthet
rwb＀�e qhh�eetu, eanf�fateu, anf eor＀q{eeu uha＀＀ h�＀e hw＀＀
anf rwb＀�e f�ue＀quwte qh the�t h�nane�a＀ �nteteutu0
(b) A＀＀ e＀eetef rwb＀�e qhh�eetu anf eanf�fateu hqt
uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ h�＀e hw＀＀ anf rwb＀�e f�ue＀quwte qh the�t
eaora�in h�naneeu0
(e) An{ rwb＀�e qhh�eet qt eor＀q{ee whq bteaeheu the
rwb＀�e ttwut hqt rt�xate ia�n anf an{ retuqn qt ent�t{
�nfwe�ni uweh bteaeh uha＀＀ be ＀�ab＀e tq the utate hqt a＀＀
h�nane�a＀ beneh�tu qbta�nef b{ uweh aet�qnu0 Vhe oannet
qh teeqxet{ anf aff�t�qna＀ faoaieu oa{ be rtqx�fef b{
＀aw0
(f) An{ rwb＀�e qhh�eet qt eor＀q{ee whq �u eqnx�etef
qh a he＀qn{ �nxq＀x�ni a bteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut uha＀＀ be
uwb�eet tq hqthe�twte qh t�ihtu anf rt�x�＀eieu wnfet a
rwb＀�e tet�teoent u{uteo qt renu�qn r＀an �n uweh
oannet au oa{ be rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(e) Pq oeobet qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte qt utatew�fe
e＀eetef qhh�eet uha＀＀ retuqna＀＀{ terteuent anqthet ret/
uqn qt ent�t{ hqt eqorenuat�qn behqte the iqxetnoent
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Jw＀{ 2;,
3;98; afqrtef 3;98; Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn,
Tex�u�qn Pqu0 8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8;
afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP ;0 Gni＀�uh �u the qhh�e�a＀ ＀aniwaie qh
H＀qt�fa0´
(a) Gni＀�uh �u the qhh�e�a＀ ＀aniwaie qh the State qh
H＀qt�fa0
(b) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq enhqtee
th�u ueet�qn b{ arrtqrt�ate ＀ei�u＀at�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut
8, 3;88; afqrtef 3;880
ATVKENG KKK
NGGKSNAVWTG
See0
30
20
50
8
Eqorqu�t�qn0
Meobetu; qhh�eetu0
Seuu�qnu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
�nttqfweef b{ eqnuent qh twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetuh�r
qh eaeh hqwue0
(2) A uree�a＀ ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ be
eqnxenef au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(f) NGPGVJ QH SGSSKQPS0 A teiw＀at ueuu�qn qh
the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef u�zt{ eqnueewt�xe fa{u,
anf a uree�a＀ ueuu�qn uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef twent{ eqn/
ueewt�xe fa{u, wn＀euu eztenfef be{qnf uweh ＀�o�t b{ a
thtee/h�hthu xqte qh eaeh hqwue0 Dwt�ni uweh an ezten/
u�qn nq new bwu�neuu oa{ be ta�en wr �n e�thet hqwue
w�thqwt the eqnuent qh twq/th�tfu qh �tu oeobetuh�r0
(e) ADJQWTPMGPV0 Pe�thet hqwue uha＀＀ af�qwtn
hqt oqte than uexent{/twq eqnueewt�xe hqwtu ezeert
rwtuwant tq eqnewttent teuq＀wt�qn0
(h) ADJQWTPMGPV DY GQVGTPQT0 Kh, fwt�ni
an{ teiw＀at qt uree�a＀ ueuu�qn, the twq hqwueu eannqt
aitee wrqn a t�oe hqt af�qwtnoent, the iqxetnqt oa{
af�qwtn the ueuu�qn u�ne f�e qt tq an{ fate w�th�n the
ret�qf awthqt�zef hqt uweh ueuu�qn; rtqx�fef that, at
＀eaut twent{/hqwt hqwtu behqte af�qwtn�ni the ueuu�qn,
anf wh�＀e ne�thet hqwue �u �n teeeuu, eaeh hqwue uha＀＀
be i�xen hqtoa＀ wt�tten nqt�ee qh the iqxetnqt'u �ntent�qn
tq fq uq, anf aiteeoent teaehef w�th�n that ret�qf b{
bqth hqwueu qn a t�oe hqt af�qwtnoent uha＀＀ rtexa�＀0
See0
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
380
3;0
220
230
ATVKENG KKK
Swqtwo anf rtqeefwte0
Knxeut�iat�qnu; w�tneuueu0
Nawu0
Pauuaie qh b�＀＀u0
Gzeewt�xe arrtqxa＀ anf xetq0
Ghheet�xe fate qh ＀awu0
Sree�a＀ ＀awu0
Ptqh�b�tef uree�a＀ ＀awu0
Arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u0
Veto qh qhh�ee0
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo0
Vetou anf qwa＀�h�eat�qnu qh ＀ei�u＀atqtu0
Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent0
Koreaehoent0
Eqnh＀�et qh Knteteut0
State Dwfiet�ni, P＀ann�ni anf Arrtqrt�at�qnu
Ptqeeuueu0
Stanfatfu hqt eutab＀�uh�ni eqniteuu�qna＀ f�utt�et
bqwnfat�eu0
Stanfatfu hqt eutab＀�uh�ni ＀ei�u＀at�xe f�utt�et
bqwnfat�eu0
SGEVKQP 30 Eqorqu�t�qn0´Vhe ＀ei�u＀at�xe rqwet
qh the utate uha＀＀ be xeutef �n a ＀ei�u＀atwte qh the State qh
H＀qt�fa, eqnu�ut�ni qh a uenate eqorquef qh qne uenatqt
e＀eetef htqo eaeh uenatqt�a＀ f�utt�et anf a hqwue qh
terteuentat�xeu eqorquef qh qne oeobet e＀eetef htqo
eaeh terteuentat�xe f�utt�et0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 582, 3;8;; afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0 S0J0T0 2828, 3;;6;
afqrtef 3;;6; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 60 Swqtwo anf rtqeefwte0´
(a) A oa�qt�t{ qh the oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue uha＀＀
eqnut�twte a qwqtwo, bwt a uoa＀＀et nwobet oa{ af�qwtn
htqo fa{ tq fa{ anf eqore＀ the rteuenee qh abuent
oeobetu �n uweh oannet anf wnfet uweh rena＀t�eu au �t
oa{ rteuet�be0 Gaeh hqwue uha＀＀ feteto�ne �tu tw＀eu qh
rtqeefwte0
(b) Seuu�qnu qh eaeh hqwue uha＀＀ be rwb＀�e; ezeert
ueuu�qnu qh the uenate when eqnu�fet�ni arrq�ntoent
tq qt teoqxa＀ htqo rwb＀�e qhh�ee oa{ be e＀quef0
(e) Gaeh hqwue uha＀＀ �eer anf rwb＀�uh a �qwtna＀ qh �tu
rtqeeef�niu; anf wrqn the teqweut qh h�xe oeobetu
rteuent, the xqte qh eaeh oeobet xqt�ni qn an{
qweut�qn uha＀＀ be entetef qn the �qwtna＀0 Kn an{
＀ei�u＀at�xe eqoo�ttee qt uwbeqoo�ttee, the xqte qh
eaeh oeobet xqt�ni qn the h�na＀ rauuaie qh an{
＀ei�u＀at�qn renf�ni behqte the eqoo�ttee, anf wrqn
the teqweut qh an{ twq oeobetu qh the eqoo�ttee qt
uwbeqoo�ttee, the xqte qh eaeh oeobet qn an{ qthet
qweut�qn, uha＀＀ be teeqtfef0
(f) Gaeh hqwue oa{ rwn�uh a oeobet hqt eqnteort
qt f�uqtfet＀{ eqnfwet anf, b{ a twq/th�tfu xqte qh �tu
oeobetuh�r, oa{ ezre＀ a oeobet0
(e) Vhe tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte qh eaeh hqwue uha＀＀
rtqx�fe that a＀＀ ＀ei�u＀at�xe eqoo�ttee anf uwbeqoo�ttee
oeet�niu qh eaeh hqwue, anf �q�nt eqnhetenee eqoo�t/
tee oeet�niu, uha＀＀ be qren anf nqt�eef tq the rwb＀�e0
Vhe tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte qh eaeh hqwue uha＀＀ hwtthet
rtqx�fe that a＀＀ rteattanief iathet�niu, between oqte
than twq oeobetu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, qt between the
iqxetnqt, the rteu�fent qh the uenate, qt the urea�et qh
the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu, the rwtrque qh wh�eh �u tq
aitee wrqn hqtoa＀ ＀ei�u＀at�xe aet�qn that w�＀＀ be ta�en at
a uwbueqwent t�oe, qt at wh�eh hqtoa＀ ＀ei�u＀at�xe aet�qn
�u ta�en, teiatf�ni renf�ni ＀ei�u＀at�qn qt aoenfoentu,
uha＀＀ be teauqnab＀{ qren tq the rwb＀�e0 A＀＀ qren
SGEVKQP 20 Meobetu; qhh�eetu0´Gaeh hqwue
uha＀＀ be the uq＀e �wfie qh the qwa＀�h�eat�qnu, e＀eet�qnu,
anf tetwtnu qh �tu oeobetu, anf uha＀＀ b�enn�a＀＀{ ehqque
�tu qhh�eetu, �ne＀wf�ni a retoanent rteu�f�ni qhh�eet
ue＀eetef htqo �tu oeobetuh�r, whq uha＀＀ be feu�inatef
�n the uenate au Pteu�fent qh the Senate, anf �n the
hqwue au Srea�et qh the Jqwue qh Terteuentat�xeu0 Vhe
uenate uha＀＀ feu�inate a Seetetat{ tq uetxe at �tu
r＀eauwte, anf the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu uha＀＀
feu�inate a E＀et� tq uetxe at �tu r＀eauwte0 Vhe
＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ arrq�nt an awf�tqt tq uetxe at �tu
r＀eauwte whq uha＀＀ awf�t rwb＀�e teeqtfu anf rethqto
te＀atef fwt�eu au rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw qt eqnewttent
teuq＀wt�qn0
SGEVKQP 50 Seuu�qnu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0´
(a) QTGAPK\AVKQP SGSSKQPS0 Qn the hqwt/
teenth fa{ hq＀＀qw�ni eaeh ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn the ＀ei�u＀a/
twte uha＀＀ eqnxene hqt the eze＀wu�xe rwtrque qh qtian�/
zat�qn anf ue＀eet�qn qh qhh�eetu0
(b) TGGWNAT SGSSKQPS0 A teiw＀at ueuu�qn qh
the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ eqnxene qn the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet
the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n Mateh qh eaeh qff/nwobetef {eat,
anf qn the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n Mateh,
qt uweh qthet fate au oa{ be h�zef b{ ＀aw, qh eaeh exen/
nwobetef {eat0
(e) SPGEKAN SGSSKQPS0
(3) Vhe iqxetnqt, b{ rtqe＀aoat�qn utat�ni the rwt/
rque, oa{ eqnxene the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n uree�a＀ ueuu�qn
fwt�ni wh�eh qn＀{ uweh ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwu�neuu oa{ be
ttanuaetef au �u w�th�n the rwtx�ew qh the rtqe＀aoat�qn,
qt qh a eqoown�eat�qn htqo the iqxetnqt, qt �u
9
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
oeet�niu uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq qtfet anf feeqtwo0 Vh�u
ueet�qn uha＀＀ be �or＀eoentef anf feh�nef b{ the tw＀eu qh
eaeh hqwue, anf uweh tw＀eu uha＀＀ eqnttq＀ afo�uu�qn tq
the h＀qqt qh eaeh ＀ei�u＀at�xe ehaobet anf oa{, whete
teauqnab＀{ neeeuuat{ hqt ueewt�t{ rwtrqueu qt tq
rtqteet a w�tneuu arreat�ni behqte a eqoo�ttee,
rtqx�fe hqt the e＀quwte qh eqoo�ttee oeet�niu0 Gaeh
hqwue uha＀＀ be the uq＀e �wfie hqt the �ntetrtetat�qn,
�or＀eoentat�qn, anf enhqteeoent qh th�u ueet�qn0
ATVKENG KKK
oqte than th�tt{ fa{u, the iqxetnqt uha＀＀ haxe h�hteen
eqnueewt�xe fa{u htqo the fate qh rteuentat�qn tq aet qn
the b�＀＀0 Kn a＀＀ eaueu ezeert ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u,
the xetq uha＀＀ eztenf tq the ent�te b�＀＀0 Vhe iqxetnqt oa{
xetq an{ uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn �n a ieneta＀ arrtqrt�a/
t�qn b�＀＀, bwt oa{ nqt xetq an{ qwa＀�h�eat�qn qt teutt�et�qn
w�thqwt a＀uq xetq�ni the arrtqrt�at�qn tq wh�eh �t te＀ateu0
(b) Yhen a b�＀＀ qt an{ uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn qh a
ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀ hau been xetqef, the iqxetnqt
uha＀＀ ttanuo�t u�inef qb�eet�qnu thetetq tq the hqwue �n
wh�eh the b�＀＀ qt�i�natef �h �n ueuu�qn0 Kh that hqwue �u nqt
�n ueuu�qn, the iqxetnqt uha＀＀ h�＀e theo w�th the
ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu, whq uha＀＀ ＀a{ theo behqte
that hqwue at �tu nezt teiw＀at qt uree�a＀ ueuu�qn,
wh�ehexet qeewtu h�tut, anf the{ uha＀＀ be entetef qn
�tu �qwtna＀0 Kh the qt�i�nat�ni hqwue xqteu tq te/enaet a
xetqef oeauwte, whethet �n a teiw＀at qt uree�a＀
ueuu�qn, anf the qthet hqwue fqeu nqt eqnu�fet qt
ha�＀u tq te/enaet the xetqef oeauwte, nq hwtthet
eqnu�fetat�qn b{ e�thet hqwue at an{ uwbueqwent
ueuu�qn oa{ be ta�en0 Kh a xetqef oeauwte �u rteuentef
at a uree�a＀ ueuu�qn anf the qt�i�nat�ni hqwue fqeu nqt
eqnu�fet �t, the oeauwte w�＀＀ be axa�＀ab＀e hqt eqnu�feta/
t�qn at an{ �ntetxen�ni uree�a＀ ueuu�qn anf wnt�＀ the enf
qh the nezt teiw＀at ueuu�qn0
(e) Kh eaeh hqwue uha＀＀, b{ a twq/th�tfu xqte, te/enaet
the b�＀＀ qt te�nutate the xetqef uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn qh a
ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀, the xqte qh eaeh oeobet
xqt�ni uha＀＀ be entetef qn the teureet�xe �qwtna＀u, anf
the b�＀＀ uha＀＀ beeqoe ＀aw qt the uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn
te�nutatef, the xetq nqtw�thutanf�ni0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0'u 3;;2, 2, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;20
SGEVKQP 50 Knxeut�iat�qnu; w�tneuueu0´Gaeh
hqwue, when �n ueuu�qn, oa{ eqore＀ attenfanee qh
w�tneuueu anf rtqfwet�qn qh fqewoentu anf qthet
ex�fenee wrqn an{ oattet wnfet �nxeut�iat�qn behqte
�t qt an{ qh �tu eqoo�tteeu, anf oa{ rwn�uh b{ h�ne nqt
ezeeef�ni qne thqwuanf fq＀＀atu qt �ort�uqnoent nqt
ezeeef�ni n�net{ fa{u, qt bqth, an{ retuqn nqt a
oeobet whq hau been iw�＀t{ qh f�uqtfet＀{ qt eqnteor/
twqwu eqnfwet �n �tu rteuenee qt hau tehwuef tq qbe{ �tu
＀awhw＀ uwooqnu qt tq anuwet ＀awhw＀ qweut�qnu0 Sweh
rqwetu, ezeert the rqwet tq rwn�uh, oa{ be eqnhettef
b{ ＀aw wrqn eqoo�tteeu when the ＀ei�u＀atwte �u nqt �n
ueuu�qn0 Pwn�uhoent qh eqnteort qh an �ntet�o ＀ei�u＀a/
t�xe eqoo�ttee uha＀＀ be b{ �wf�e�a＀ rtqeeef�niu au
rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 80 Nawu0´Gxet{ ＀aw uha＀＀ eobtaee bwt
qne uwb�eet anf oattet rtqret＀{ eqnneetef thetew�th,
anf the uwb�eet uha＀＀ be bt�eh＀{ ezrteuuef �n the t�t＀e0 Pq
＀aw uha＀＀ be tex�uef qt aoenfef b{ tehetenee tq �tu t�t＀e
qn＀{0 Nawu tq tex�ue qt aoenf uha＀＀ uet qwt �n hw＀＀ the
tex�uef qt aoenfef aet, ueet�qn, uwbueet�qn qt rata/
itarh qh a uwbueet�qn0 Vhe enaet�ni e＀awue qh exet{ ＀aw
uha＀＀ teaf< ¬De Kt Gnaetef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte qh the State
qh H＀qt�fa<¹0
J�utqt{0´Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0
8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP ;0 Ghheet�xe fate qh ＀awu0´Gaeh ＀aw
uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn the u�zt�eth fa{ ahtet af�qwtnoent
u�ne f�e qh the ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n wh�eh
enaetef qt au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef thete�n0 Kh the ＀aw �u
rauuef qxet the xetq qh the iqxetnqt �t uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet
qn the u�zt�eth fa{ ahtet af�qwtnoent u�ne f�e qh the
ueuu�qn �n wh�eh the xetq �u qxett�ffen, qn a ＀atet fate
h�zef �n the ＀aw, qt qn a fate h�zef b{ teuq＀wt�qn rauuef
b{ bqth hqwueu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0
SGEVKQP 90 Pauuaie qh b�＀＀u0´An{ b�＀＀ oa{
qt�i�nate �n e�thet hqwue anf ahtet rauuaie �n qne
oa{ be aoenfef �n the qthet0 Kt uha＀＀ be teaf �n eaeh
hqwue qn thtee ueratate fa{u, wn＀euu th�u tw＀e �u wa�xef
b{ twq/th�tfu xqte; rtqx�fef the rwb＀�eat�qn qh �tu t�t＀e �n
the �qwtna＀ qh a hqwue uha＀＀ uat�uh{ the teqw�teoent hqt
the h�tut teaf�ni �n that hqwue0 Qn eaeh teaf�ni, �t uha＀＀
be teaf b{ t�t＀e qn＀{, wn＀euu qne/th�tf qh the oeobetu
rteuent feu�te �t teaf �n hw＀＀0 Qn h�na＀ rauuaie, the xqte
qh eaeh oeobet xqt�ni uha＀＀ be entetef qn the �qwtna＀0
Pauuaie qh a b�＀＀ uha＀＀ teqw�te a oa�qt�t{ xqte �n eaeh
hqwue0 Gaeh b�＀＀ anf �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn rauuef �n bqth
hqwueu uha＀＀ be u�inef b{ the rteu�f�ni qhh�eetu qh the
teureet�xe hqwueu anf b{ the ueetetat{ qh the uenate
anf the e＀et� qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu fwt�ni the
ueuu�qn qt au uqqn au rtaet�eab＀e ahtet �tu af�qwtnoent
u�ne f�e0
SGEVKQP 320 Sree�a＀ ＀awu0´Pq uree�a＀ ＀aw uha＀＀
be rauuef wn＀euu nqt�ee qh �ntent�qn tq uee� enaetoent
theteqh hau been rwb＀�uhef �n the oannet rtqx�fef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Sweh nqt�ee uha＀＀ nqt be neeeuuat{ when
the ＀aw, ezeert the rtqx�u�qn hqt tehetenfwo, �u eqnf�/
t�qnef tq beeqoe ehheet�xe qn＀{ wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ xqte qh
the e＀eetqtu qh the atea ahheetef0
SGEVKQP 330 Ptqh�b�tef uree�a＀ ＀awu0´
(a) Vhete uha＀＀ be nq uree�a＀ ＀aw qt ieneta＀ ＀aw qh
＀qea＀ arr＀�eat�qn retta�n�ni tq<
(3) e＀eet�qn, �wt�uf�et�qn qt fwt�eu qh qhh�eetu, ezeert
qhh�eetu qh own�e�ra＀�t�eu, ehattetef eqwnt�eu, uree�a＀
f�utt�etu qt ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene�eu;
(2) auueuuoent qt eq＀＀eet�qn qh tazeu hqt utate qt
eqwnt{ rwtrqueu, �ne＀wf�ni eztenu�qn qh t�oe thetehqt,
te＀�eh qh taz qhh�eetu htqo fwe rethqtoanee qh the�t
fwt�eu, anf te＀�eh qh the�t uwtet�eu htqo ＀�ab�＀�t{;
(5) tw＀eu qh ex�fenee �n an{ eqwtt;
(6) rwn�uhoent hqt et�oe;
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 356;, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
SGEVKQP 80 Gzeewt�xe arrtqxa＀ anf xetq0´
(a) Gxet{ b�＀＀ rauuef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ be
rteuentef tq the iqxetnqt hqt arrtqxa＀ anf uha＀＀
beeqoe a ＀aw �h the iqxetnqt arrtqxeu anf u�inu �t,
qt ha�＀u tq xetq �t w�th�n uexen eqnueewt�xe fa{u ahtet
rteuentat�qn0 Kh fwt�ni that ret�qf qt qn the uexenth fa{
the ＀ei�u＀atwte af�qwtnu u�ne f�e qt ta�eu a teeeuu qh
8
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ATVKENG KKK
neeeuuat{ tq rteuet�be the qwa＀�h�eat�qnu, oethqf qh
ue＀eet�qn anf tenwte qh uweh eor＀q{eeu anf qhh�eetu0
(5) ret�t �wt�eu, �ne＀wf�ni eqorenuat�qn qh �wtqtu,
ezeert eutab＀�uhoent qh �wt{ eqoo�uu�qnu;
(8) ehanie qh e�x�＀ qt et�o�na＀ xenwe;
(9) eqnf�t�qnu rteeefent tq bt�ni�ni an{ e�x�＀ qt
et�o�na＀ rtqeeef�niu, qt ＀�o�tat�qnu qh t�oe thetehqt;
(8) tehwnf qh oqne{ ＀eia＀＀{ ra�f qt teo�uu�qn qh
h�neu, rena＀t�eu qt hqthe�twteu;
(;) eteat�qn, enhqteeoent, eztenu�qn qt �ora�toent
qh ＀�enu bauef qn rt�xate eqnttaetu, qt h�z�ni qh �nteteut
tateu qn rt�xate eqnttaetu;
(32) f�urqua＀ qh rwb＀�e rtqrett{, �ne＀wf�ni an{ �nteteut
thete�n, hqt rt�xate rwtrqueu;
(33) xaeat�qn qh tqafu;
(32) rt�xate �neqtrqtat�qn qt itant qh rt�x�＀eie tq a
rt�xate eqtrqtat�qn;
(35) ehheetwat�qn qh �nxa＀�f feefu, w�＀＀u qt qthet
�nuttwoentu, qt ehanie �n the ＀aw qh feueent;
(36) ehanie qh naoe qh an{ retuqn;
(35) f�xqtee;
(38) ＀ei�t�oat�qn qt afqrt�qn qh retuqnu;
(39) te＀�eh qh o�nqtu htqo ＀eia＀ f�uab�＀�t�eu;
(38) ttanuhet qh an{ rtqrett{ �nteteut qh retuqnu wnfet
＀eia＀ f�uab�＀�t�eu qt qh eutateu qh feeefentu;
(3;) hwnt�ni qt hteuh watet h�uh�ni;
(22) teiw＀at�qn qh qeewrat�qnu wh�eh ate teiw＀atef b{
a utate aiene{; qt
3(23) an{ uwb�eet when rtqh�b�tef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
rauuef b{ a thtee/h�hthu xqte qh the oeobetuh�r qh
eaeh hqwue0 Sweh ＀aw oa{ be aoenfef qt terea＀ef b{
＀��e xqte0
(b) Kn the enaetoent qh ieneta＀ ＀awu qn qthet
uwb�eetu, rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu qt qthet iqxetnoenta＀
ent�t�eu oa{ be e＀auu�h�ef qn＀{ qn a bau�u teauqnab＀{
te＀atef tq the uwb�eet qh the ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 350 Vetou anf qwa＀�h�eat�qnu qh ＀ei�u/
＀atqtu0´
(a) SGPAVQTS0 Senatqtu uha＀＀ be e＀eetef hqt
tetou qh hqwt {eatu, thque htqo qff/nwobetef f�utt�etu
�n the {eatu the nwobetu qh wh�eh ate ow＀t�r＀eu qh hqwt
anf thque htqo exen/nwobetef f�utt�etu �n exen/nwo/
betef {eatu the nwobetu qh wh�eh ate nqt ow＀t�r＀eu qh
hqwt; ezeert, at the e＀eet�qn nezt hq＀＀qw�ni a tearrqtt�qn/
oent, uqoe uenatqtu uha＀＀ be e＀eetef hqt tetou qh twq
{eatu when neeeuuat{ tq oa�nta�n utaiietef tetou0
(b) TGPTGSGPVAVKVGS0 Meobetu qh the hqwue
qh terteuentat�xeu uha＀＀ be e＀eetef hqt tetou qh twq
{eatu �n eaeh exen/nwobetef {eat0
(e) SWANKHKEAVKQPS0 Gaeh ＀ei�u＀atqt uha＀＀ be at
＀eaut twent{/qne {eatu qh aie, an e＀eetqt anf teu�fent qh
the f�utt�et htqo wh�eh e＀eetef anf uha＀＀ haxe teu�fef �n
the utate hqt a ret�qf qh twq {eatu rt�qt tq e＀eet�qn0
(f) ASSWMKPG QHHKEG; VAEAPEKGS0 Meobetu
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ ta�e qhh�ee wrqn e＀eet�qn0
Vaeane�eu �n ＀ei�u＀at�xe qhh�ee uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef qn＀{ b{
e＀eet�qn au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 380 Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent0´
(a) SGPAVQTKAN APD TGPTGSGPVAVKVG DKS/
VTKEVS0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte at �tu teiw＀at ueuu�qn �n the
ueeqnf {eat hq＀＀qw�ni eaeh feeenn�a＀ eenuwu, b{ �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn, uha＀＀ arrqtt�qn the utate �n aeeqtfanee w�th
the eqnut�twt�qn qh the utate anf qh the Wn�tef Stateu �ntq
nqt ＀euu than th�tt{ nqt oqte than hqtt{ eqnueewt�xe＀{
nwobetef uenatqt�a＀ f�utt�etu qh e�thet eqnt�iwqwu,
qxet＀arr�ni qt �fent�ea＀ tett�tqt{, anf �ntq nqt ＀euu
than e�iht{ nqt oqte than qne hwnftef twent{ eqn/
ueewt�xe＀{ nwobetef terteuentat�xe f�utt�etu qh e�thet
eqnt�iwqwu, qxet＀arr�ni qt �fent�ea＀ tett�tqt{0 Shqw＀f
that ueuu�qn af�qwtn w�thqwt afqrt�ni uweh �q�nt teuq＀w/
t�qn, the iqxetnqt b{ rtqe＀aoat�qn uha＀＀ teeqnxene the
＀ei�u＀atwte w�th�n th�tt{ fa{u �n uree�a＀ arrqtt�qnoent
ueuu�qn wh�eh uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef th�tt{ eqnueewt�xe fa{u,
fwt�ni wh�eh nq qthet bwu�neuu uha＀＀ be ttanuaetef, anf
�t uha＀＀ be the oanfatqt{ fwt{ qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte tq afqrt
a �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqtt�qnoent0
(b) HAKNWTG QH NGGKSNAVWTG VQ APPQTVKQP;
JWDKEKAN TGAPPQTVKQPMGPV0 Kn the exent a
uree�a＀ arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte h�na＀＀{
af�qwtnu w�thqwt afqrt�ni a �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqt/
t�qnoent, the attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀, w�th�n h�xe fa{u,
ret�t�qn the uwrteoe eqwtt qh the utate tq oa�e uweh
arrqtt�qnoent0 Pq ＀atet than the u�zt�eth fa{ ahtet the
h�＀�ni qh uweh ret�t�qn, the uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ h�＀e w�th
the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu an qtfet oa��ni uweh
arrqtt�qnoent0
(e) JWDKEKAN TGVKGY QH APPQTVKQPMGPV0
Y�th�n h�hteen fa{u ahtet the rauuaie qh the �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqtt�qnoent, the attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀
ret�t�qn the uwrteoe eqwtt qh the utate hqt a fee＀atatqt{
�wfioent feteto�n�ni the xa＀�f�t{ qh the arrqtt�qnoent0
Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt, �n aeeqtfanee w�th �tu tw＀eu, uha＀＀
reto�t afxetuat{ �nteteutu tq rteuent the�t x�ewu anf,
w�th�n th�tt{ fa{u htqo the h�＀�ni qh the ret�t�qn, uha＀＀
entet �tu �wfioent0
3Pqte0´See the hq＀＀qw�ni hqt rtqh�b�tef uwb�eet oattetu affef wnfet the
awthqt�t{ qh th�u rataitarh<
u0 332089, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq rtqteet�qn qh rwb＀�e eor＀q{ee tet�teoent beneh�tu)0
u0 32303;3, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq utate/afo�n�utetef qt uwrrqttef tet�teoent
u{uteou)0
u0 365038, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq eqorenuat�qn qh feu�inatef eqwnt{ qhh�e�a＀u)0
u0 38;0253(2), H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq �nferenfent uree�a＀ f�utt�etu)0
u0 3;2026;, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq the eteat�qn qh �nferenfent uree�a＀ f�utt�etu
hax�ni the rqwetu enwoetatef �n twq qt oqte qh the rataitarhu qh u0 3;20232, H0S0)0
u0 2350865, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq the oaz�owo tate qh �nteteut qn bqnfu)0
u0 2;8098(3), H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq the itant qh awthqt�t{, rqwet, t�ihtu, qt rt�x�＀eieu
tq a watet eqnttq＀ f�utt�et hqtoef rwtuwant tq eh0 2;8, H0S0)0
u0 5950525(2)(b), H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq a＀＀qeat�qn qh o�＀＀aie hqt watet oanaieoent
rwtrqueu)0
u0 3233099, H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq tazat�qn hqt uehqq＀ rwtrqueu anf the H＀qt�fa
Gfweat�qn H�nanee Ptqitao)0
u0 3235059(5), H0S0 (Petta�n�ni tq the ¬State Wn�hqto Dw�＀f�ni Eqfe hqt Pwb＀�e
Gfweat�qna＀ Hae�＀�t�eu Eqnuttwet�qn¹)0
SGEVKQP 320 Arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u0´Nawu oa��ni
arrtqrt�at�qnu hqt ua＀at�eu qh rwb＀�e qhh�eetu anf qthet
ewttent ezrenueu qh the utate uha＀＀ eqnta�n rtqx�u�qnu qn
nq qthet uwb�eet0
SGEVKQP 350 Veto qh qhh�ee0´Pq qhh�ee uha＀＀ be
eteatef the teto qh wh�eh uha＀＀ ezeeef hqwt {eatu ezeert
au rtqx�fef hete�n0
SGEVKQP 360 E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo0´D{ ＀aw thete
uha＀＀ be eteatef a e�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo hqt utate eor＀q{/
eeu, ezeert thque ezrteuu＀{ ezeortef, anf thete oa{
be eteatef e�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteou anf bqatfu hqt eqwnt{,
f�utt�et qt own�e�ra＀ eor＀q{eeu anf hqt uweh qhh�eeu
theteqh au ate nqt e＀eetef qt arrq�ntef b{ the iqxetnqt,
anf thete oa{ be awthqt�zef uweh bqatfu au ate
;
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(f) GHHGEV QH JWDGMGPV KP APPQTVKQP/
MGPV; GZVTAQTDKPATY APPQTVKQPMGPV SGS/
SKQP0 A �wfioent qh the uwrteoe eqwtt qh the utate
feteto�n�ni the arrqtt�qnoent tq be xa＀�f uha＀＀ be
b�nf�ni wrqn a＀＀ the e�t�zenu qh the utate0 Shqw＀f the
uwrteoe eqwtt feteto�ne that the arrqtt�qnoent oafe
b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte �u �nxa＀�f, the iqxetnqt b{ rtqe＀aoa/
t�qn uha＀＀ teeqnxene the ＀ei�u＀atwte w�th�n h�xe fa{u
theteahtet �n ezttaqtf�nat{ arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn wh�eh
uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef h�hteen fa{u, fwt�ni wh�eh the ＀ei�u/
＀atwte uha＀＀ afqrt a �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqtt�qnoent
eqnhqto�ni tq the �wfioent qh the uwrteoe eqwtt0
(e) GZVTAQTDKPATY APPQTVKQPMGPV SGS/
SKQP; TGVKGY QH APPQTVKQPMGPV0 Y�th�n h�h/
teen fa{u ahtet the af�qwtnoent qh an ezttaqtf�nat{
arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn, the attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀ h�＀e a
ret�t�qn �n the uwrteoe eqwtt qh the utate uett�ni hqtth the
arrqtt�qnoent teuq＀wt�qn afqrtef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte, qt
�h nqne hau been afqrtef terqtt�ni that haet tq the eqwtt0
Eqnu�fetat�qn qh the xa＀�f�t{ qh a �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn qh
arrqtt�qnoent uha＀＀ be haf au rtqx�fef hqt �n eaueu qh
uweh �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn afqrtef at a teiw＀at qt uree�a＀
arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn0
(h) JWDKEKAN TGAPPQTVKQPMGPV0 Shqw＀f an
ezttaqtf�nat{ arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn ha�＀ tq afqrt a
teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqtt�qnoent qt uhqw＀f the uwrteoe eqwtt
feteto�ne that the arrqtt�qnoent oafe �u �nxa＀�f, the
eqwtt uha＀＀, nqt ＀atet than u�zt{ fa{u ahtet teee�x�ni the
ret�t�qn qh the attqtne{ ieneta＀, h�＀e w�th the ewutqf�an qh
utate teeqtfu an qtfet oa��ni uweh arrqtt�qnoent0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 390 Koreaehoent0´
(a) Vhe iqxetnqt, ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt, oeobetu qh
the eab�net, �wut�eeu qh the uwrteoe eqwtt, �wfieu qh
f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, �wfieu qh e�tew�t eqwttu, anf
�wfieu qh eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ be ＀�ab＀e tq �oreaehoent
hqt o�ufeoeanqt �n qhh�ee0 Vhe hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu
b{ twq/th�tfu xqte uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq �oreaeh an
qhh�eet0 Vhe urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu
uha＀＀ haxe rqwet at an{ t�oe tq arrq�nt a eqoo�ttee tq
�nxeut�iate ehatieu aia�nut an{ qhh�eet uwb�eet tq
�oreaehoent0
(b) An qhh�eet �oreaehef b{ the hqwue qh terteuen/
tat�xeu uha＀＀ be f�uqwa＀�h�ef htqo rethqto�ni an{ qhh�e�a＀
fwt�eu wnt�＀ aeqw�ttef b{ the uenate, anf, wn＀euu
�oreaehef, the iqxetnqt oa{ b{ arrq�ntoent h�＀＀ the
qhh�ee wnt�＀ eqor＀et�qn qh the tt�a＀0
(e) A＀＀ �oreaehoentu b{ the hqwue qh terteuenta/
t�xeu uha＀＀ be tt�ef b{ the uenate0 Vhe eh�eh �wut�ee qh the
uwrteoe eqwtt, qt anqthet �wut�ee feu�inatef b{ the
eh�eh �wut�ee, uha＀＀ rteu�fe at the tt�a＀, ezeert �n a tt�a＀ qh
the eh�eh �wut�ee, �n wh�eh eaue the iqxetnqt uha＀＀
rteu�fe0 Vhe uenate uha＀＀ feteto�ne the t�oe hqt the
tt�a＀ qh an{ �oreaehoent anf oa{ u�t hqt the tt�a＀
whethet the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu be �n ueuu�qn qt
nqt0 Vhe t�oe h�zef hqt tt�a＀ uha＀＀ nqt be oqte than u�z
oqnthu ahtet the �oreaehoent0 Dwt�ni an �oreaehoent
tt�a＀ uenatqtu uha＀＀ be wrqn the�t qath qt ahh�toat�qn0 Pq
qhh�eet uha＀＀ be eqnx�etef w�thqwt the eqnewttenee qh
twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetu qh the uenate rteuent0
Jwfioent qh eqnx�et�qn �n eaueu qh �oreaehoent uha＀＀
teoqxe the qhhenfet htqo qhh�ee anf, �n the f�uetet�qn qh
32
ATVKENG KKK
the uenate, oa{ �ne＀wfe f�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn tq hq＀f an{
qhh�ee qh hqnqt, ttwut qt rtqh�t0 Eqnx�et�qn qt aeqw�tta＀
uha＀＀ nqt ahheet the e�x�＀ qt et�o�na＀ teurqnu�b�＀�t{ qh the
qhh�eet0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 65;, 3;89; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3SGEVKQP 380
Eqnh＀�et qh Knteteut0´A eqfe qh
eth�eu hqt a＀＀ utate eor＀q{eeu anf nqn�wf�e�a＀ qhh�eetu
rtqh�b�t�ni eqnh＀�et between rwb＀�e fwt{ anf rt�xate
�nteteutu uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn wau terea＀ef ehheet�xe Janwat{ 5, 3;;;, b{ Ao0 rtqrquef
b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80 See u0 5(e), Att0 ZK, State
Eqnut�twt�qn, hqt eqnut�twt�qna＀ ehheet�xe fate0 Kfent�ea＀ ＀aniwaie tq u0 38, Att0 KKK,
State Eqnut�twt�qn, wau enaetef �n u0 8(i), Att0 KK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;80
SGEVKQP 3;0 State Dwfiet�ni, P＀ann�ni anf
Arrtqrt�at�qnu Ptqeeuueu0´
(a) APPWAN DWDGGVKPG0
(3) Geneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀ rteuet�be the afqrt�qn qh
annwa＀ utate bwfietat{ anf r＀ann�ni rtqeeuueu anf
teqw�te that feta�＀ teh＀eet�ni the annwa＀�zef equtu qh the
utate bwfiet anf teh＀eet�ni the nqnteewtt�ni equtu qh the
bwfiet teqweutu uha＀＀ aeeqoran{ utate ferattoent anf
aiene{ ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet teqweutu, the iqxetnqt'u
teeqooenfef bwfiet, anf arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u0
(2) Wn＀euu arrtqxef b{ a thtee/h�hthu xqte qh the
oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue, arrtqrt�at�qnu oafe hqt
teewtt�ni rwtrqueu htqo nqnteewtt�ni ieneta＀ texenwe
hwnfu hqt an{ h�uea＀ {eat uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef thtee reteent
qh the tqta＀ ieneta＀ texenwe hwnfu eut�oatef tq be
axa�＀ab＀e at the t�oe uweh arrtqrt�at�qn �u oafe0
(5) Au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, eaeh utate feratt/
oent anf aiene{ uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq uwbo�t a
＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet teqweut that �u bauef wrqn anf that
teh＀eetu the ＀qni/tanie h�nane�a＀ qwt＀qq� afqrtef b{ the
�q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn qt that uree�h�ea＀＀{
ezr＀a�nu an{ xat�anee htqo the ＀qni/tanie h�nane�a＀
qwt＀qq� eqnta�nef �n the teqweut0
(6) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn, the tetou feratt/
oent anf aiene{ uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe the �wf�e�a＀ btaneh0
(b) APPTQPTKAVKQP DKNNS HQTMAV0 Seratate
ueet�qnu w�th�n the ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀ uha＀＀ be
wuef hqt eaeh oa�qt rtqitao atea qh the utate bwfiet;
oa�qt rtqitao ateau uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe< efweat�qn enhanee/
oent ¬＀qttet{¹ ttwut hwnf �teou; efweat�qn (a＀＀ qthet
hwnfu); hwoan uetx�eeu; et�o�na＀ �wut�ee anf eqttee/
t�qnu; natwta＀ teuqwteeu, enx�tqnoent, itqwth oanaie/
oent, anf ttanurqttat�qn; ieneta＀ iqxetnoent; anf
�wf�e�a＀ btaneh0 Gaeh oa�qt rtqitao atea uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe
an �teo�zat�qn qh ezrenf�twteu hqt< utate qretat�qnu;
utate ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{; a�f tq ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu anf
nqnrtqh�t qtian�zat�qnu qretat�qnu; a�f tq ＀qea＀ iqxetn/
oentu anf nqnrtqh�t qtian�zat�qnu ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{; hefeta＀
hwnfu anf the auuqe�atef utate oateh�ni hwnfu; urenf/
�ni awthqt�zat�qnu hqt qretat�qnu; anf urenf�ni awthqt/
�zat�qnu hqt ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{0 Aff�t�qna＀＀{, arrtqrt�at�qn
b�＀＀u rauuef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe an �teo/
�zat�qn qh uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qnu that ezeeef qne o�＀＀�qn
fq＀＀atu (&3,222,222022) �n 3;;2 fq＀＀atu0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh
th�u uwbueet�qn, ¬uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn,¹ ¬�teo�zat�qn,¹
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
anf ¬oa�qt rtqitao atea¹ uha＀＀ be feh�nef b{ ＀aw0 Vh�u
�teo�zat�qn thteuhq＀f uha＀＀ be af�wutef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
exet{ hqwt {eatu tq teh＀eet the tate qh �nh＀at�qn qt feh＀at�qn
au �nf�eatef �n the Eqnuwoet Pt�ee Knfez hqt A＀＀ Wtban
Eqnuwoetu, W0S0 E�t{ Axetaie, A＀＀ Kteou, qt uweeeuuqt
terqttu au terqttef b{ the Wn�tef Stateu Derattoent qh
Nabqt, Dwteaw qh Nabqt Stat�ut�eu qt �tu uweeeuuqt0
Swbutant�xe b�＀＀u eqnta�n�ni arrtqrt�at�qnu uha＀＀ a＀uq be
uwb�eet tq the �teo�zat�qn teqw�teoent oanfatef wnfet
th�u rtqx�u�qn anf uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq the iqxetnqt'u
uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn xetq rqwet feuet�bef �n Att�e＀e KKK,
Seet�qn 80
(e) APPTQPTKAVKQPS PTQEGSS0
(3) Pq ＀atet than Serteobet 35 qh eaeh {eat, the
�q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ �uuwe a ＀qni/
tanie h�nane�a＀ qwt＀qq� uett�ni qwt teeqooenfef h�uea＀
uttatei�eu hqt the utate anf �tu ferattoentu anf
aiene�eu �n qtfet tq auu�ut the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n oa��ni
bwfiet fee�u�qnu0 Vhe ＀qni/tanie h�nane�a＀ qwt＀qq� owut
�ne＀wfe oa�qt wqt�＀qaf anf texenwe eut�oateu0 Kn qtfet
tq �or＀eoent th�u rataitarh, the �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ wue ewttent qhh�e�a＀ eqnuenuwu eut�/
oateu anf oa{ teqweut the fexe＀qroent qh aff�t�qna＀
qhh�e�a＀ eut�oateu0
(2) Vhe �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀
uee� �nrwt htqo the rwb＀�e anf htqo the ezeewt�xe anf
�wf�e�a＀ btaneheu when fexe＀qr�ni anf teeqooenf�ni
the ＀qni/tanie h�nane�a＀ qwt＀qq�0
(5) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rteuet�be b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
eqnf�t�qnu wnfet wh�eh ＀�o�tef af�wutoentu tq the
bwfiet, au teeqooenfef b{ the iqxetnqt qt the eh�eh
�wut�ee qh the uwrteoe eqwtt, oa{ be arrtqxef w�thqwt
the eqnewttenee qh the hw＀＀ ＀ei�u＀atwte0
(f) SGVGPVY/VYQ JQWT PWDNKE TGVKGY PGT/
KQD0 A＀＀ ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u uha＀＀ be hwtn�uhef
tq eaeh oeobet qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, eaeh oeobet qh the
eab�net, the iqxetnqt, anf the eh�eh �wut�ee qh the
uwrteoe eqwtt at ＀eaut uexent{/twq hqwtu behqte h�na＀
rauuaie b{ e�thet hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte qh the b�＀＀ �n
the hqto that w�＀＀ be rteuentef tq the iqxetnqt0
(e) HKPAN DWDGGV TGPQTV0 A h�na＀ bwfiet te/
rqtt uha＀＀ be rteratef au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe
h�na＀ bwfiet terqtt uha＀＀ be rtqfweef nq ＀atet than the
322th fa{ ahtet the bei�nn�ni qh the h�uea＀ {eat, anf
eqr�eu qh the terqtt uha＀＀ be hwtn�uhef tq eaeh oeobet
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, the heaf qh eaeh ferattoent anf
aiene{ qh the utate, the awf�tqt ieneta＀, anf the eh�eh
�wut�ee qh the uwrteoe eqwtt0
(h) VTWSV HWPDS0
(3) Pq ttwut hwnf qh the State qh H＀qt�fa qt qthet
rwb＀�e bqf{ oa{ be eteatef qt te/eteatef b{ ＀aw w�thqwt
a thtee/h�hthu xqte qh the oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh
the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n a ueratate b�＀＀ hqt that rwtrque qn＀{0
(2) State ttwut hwnfu uha＀＀ teto�nate nqt oqte than
hqwt {eatu ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh the aet awthqt�z�ni
the �n�t�a＀ eteat�qn qh the ttwut hwnf0 D{ ＀aw the ＀ei�u＀atwte
oa{ uet a uhqttet t�oe ret�qf hqt wh�eh an{ ttwut hwnf �u
awthqt�zef0
(5) Vtwut hwnfu teqw�tef b{ hefeta＀ rtqitaou qt
oanfateu; ttwut hwnfu eutab＀�uhef hqt bqnf eqxenantu,
�nfentwteu, qt teuq＀wt�qnu, whque texenweu ate ＀eia＀＀{
r＀efief b{ the utate qt rwb＀�e bqf{ tq oeet febt uetx�ee
qt qthet h�nane�a＀ teqw�teoentu qh an{ febt qb＀�iat�qnu qh
33
ATVKENG KKK
the utate qt an{ rwb＀�e bqf{; the utate ttanurqttat�qn
ttwut hwnf; the ttwut hwnf eqnta�n�ni the net annwa＀
rtqeeefu htqo the H＀qt�fa Gfweat�qn Nqttet�eu; the
H＀qt�fa tet�teoent ttwut hwnf; ttwut hwnfu hqt �nut�twt�qnu
wnfet the oanaieoent qh the Dqatf qh Gqxetnqtu,
whete uweh ttwut hwnfu ate hqt awz�＀�at{ entetrt�ueu anf
eqnttaetu, itantu, anf fqnat�qnu, au thque tetou ate
feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw; ttwut hwnfu that uetxe au e＀eat�ni
hwnfu qt aeeqwntu hqt the eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet qt utate
aiene�eu; ttwut hwnfu that aeeqwnt hqt auuetu he＀f b{ the
utate �n a ttwutee earae�t{ au an aient qt h�fwe�at{ hqt
�nf�x�fwa＀u, rt�xate qtian�zat�qnu, qt qthet iqxetnoen/
ta＀ wn�tu; anf qthet ttwut hwnfu awthqt�zef b{ th�u
Eqnut�twt�qn, ate nqt uwb�eet tq the teqw�teoentu uet
hqtth �n rataitarh (2) qh th�u uwbueet�qn0
(6) A＀＀ eauh ba＀aneeu anf �neqoe qh an{ ttwut hwnfu
abq＀�uhef wnfet th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be ferqu�tef �ntq
the ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf0
(i) DWDGGV SVADKNK\AVKQP HWPD0 Swb�eet tq
the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn, an aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq at
＀eaut 5' qh the ＀aut eqor＀etef h�uea＀ {eat'u net texenwe
eq＀＀eet�qnu hqt the ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf uha＀＀ be
teta�nef �n the bwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf0 Vhe bwfiet
utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf'u rt�ne�ra＀ ba＀anee uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef an
aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq 32' qh the ＀aut eqor＀etef h�uea＀ {eat'u
net texenwe eq＀＀eet�qnu hqt the ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf0
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rtqx�fe et�tet�a hqt w�thftaw�ni
hwnfu htqo the bwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf �n a ueratate b�＀＀
hqt that rwtrque qn＀{ anf qn＀{ hqt the rwtrque qh
eqxet�ni texenwe uhqttha＀＀u qh the ieneta＀ texenwe
hwnf qt hqt the rwtrque qh rtqx�f�ni hwnf�ni hqt an
eoetiene{, au feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Geneta＀ ＀aw
uha＀＀ rtqx�fe hqt the teutqtat�qn qh th�u hwnf0 Vhe bwfiet
utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf uha＀＀ be eqort�uef qh hwnfu nqt
qthetw�ue qb＀�iatef qt eqoo�ttef hqt an{ rwtrque0
(h) NQPG/TAPGG SVAVG PNAPPKPG DQEW/
MGPV APD DGPATVMGPV APD AGGPEY PNAP/
PKPG DQEWMGPV PTQEGSSGS0 Geneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀
rtqx�fe hqt a ＀qni/tanie utate r＀ann�ni fqewoent0 Vhe
iqxetnqt uha＀＀ teeqooenf tq the ＀ei�u＀atwte b�enn�a＀＀{
an{ tex�u�qnu tq the ＀qni/tanie utate r＀ann�ni fqew/
oent, au feh�nef b{ ＀aw0 Geneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀ teqw�te a
b�enn�a＀ tex�ew anf tex�u�qn qh the ＀qni/tanie utate
r＀ann�ni fqewoent anf uha＀＀ teqw�te a＀＀ ferattoentu
anf aiene�eu qh utate iqxetnoent tq fexe＀qr r＀ann�ni
fqewoentu that �fent�h{ utatew�fe uttatei�e iqa＀u anf
qb�eet�xeu, eqnu�utent w�th the ＀qni/tanie utate r＀ann�ni
fqewoent0 Vhe ＀qni/tanie utate r＀ann�ni fqewoent
anf ferattoent anf aiene{ r＀ann�ni fqewoentu uha＀＀
teoa�n uwb�eet tq tex�ew anf tex�u�qn b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte0
Vhe ＀qni/tanie utate r＀ann�ni fqewoent owut �ne＀wfe
rtq�eet�qnu qh hwtwte neefu anf teuqwteeu qh the utate
wh�eh ate eqnu�utent w�th the ＀qni/tanie h�nane�a＀
qwt＀qq�0 Vhe ferattoent anf aiene{ r＀ann�ni fqew/
oentu uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe a rt�qt�t�zef ＀�ut�ni qh r＀annef
ezrenf�twteu hqt tex�ew anf rquu�b＀e tefwet�qn �n the
exent qh texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, au feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(�) GQVGTPMGPV GHHKEKGPEY VASM HQTEG0
Pq ＀atet than Janwat{ qh 2229, anf eaeh hqwtth {eat
theteahtet, the rteu�fent qh the uenate, the urea�et qh
the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu, anf the iqxetnqt uha＀＀
arrq�nt a iqxetnoent ehh�e�ene{ tau� hqtee, the oeo/
betuh�r qh wh�eh uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
ATVKENG KKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
Vhe tau� hqtee uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh oeobetu qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte anf terteuentat�xeu htqo the rt�xate anf
rwb＀�e ueetqtu whq uha＀＀ fexe＀qr teeqooenfat�qnu hqt
�ortqx�ni iqxetnoenta＀ qretat�qnu anf tefwe�ni equtu0
Stahh tq auu�ut the tau� hqtee �n rethqto�ni �tu fwt�eu uha＀＀
be auu�inef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, anf the tau� hqtee oa{
qbta�n auu�utanee htqo the rt�xate ueetqt0 Vhe tau� hqtee
uha＀＀ eqor＀ete �tu wqt� w�th�n qne {eat anf uha＀＀ uwbo�t
�tu teeqooenfat�qnu tq the �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet
eqoo�uu�qn, the iqxetnqt, anf the eh�eh �wut�ee qh the
uwrteoe eqwtt0
(�) JQKPV NGGKSNAVKVG DWDGGV EQMMKS/
SKQP0 Vhete �u eteatef w�th�n the ＀ei�u＀atwte the
�q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn eqorquef qh
eqwa＀ nwobetu qh uenate oeobetu arrq�ntef b{ the
rteu�fent qh the uenate anf hqwue oeobetu arrq�ntef
b{ the urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu0 Gaeh
oeobet uha＀＀ uetxe at the r＀eauwte qh the qhh�eet whq
arrq�ntef the oeobet0 A xaeane{ qn the eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef �n the uaoe oannet au the qt�i�na＀
arrq�ntoent0 Htqo Pqxeobet qh eaeh qff/nwobetef
{eat thtqwih Qetqbet qh eaeh exen/nwobetef {eat, the
eha�tretuqn qh the �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ be arrq�ntef b{ the rteu�fent qh the uenate anf
the x�ee eha�tretuqn qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be
arrq�ntef b{ the urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuenta/
t�xeu0 Htqo Pqxeobet qh eaeh exen/nwobetef {eat
thtqwih Qetqbet qh eaeh qff/nwobetef {eat, the
eha�tretuqn qh the �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ be arrq�ntef b{ the urea�et qh the hqwue qh
terteuentat�xeu anf the x�ee eha�tretuqn qh the eqo/
o�uu�qn uha＀＀ be arrq�ntef b{ the rteu�fent qh the
uenate0 Vhe �q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be
iqxetnef b{ the �q�nt tw＀eu qh the uenate anf the hqwue
qh terteuentat�xeu, wh�eh uha＀＀ teoa�n �n ehheet wnt�＀
terea＀ef qt aoenfef b{ eqnewttent teuq＀wt�qn0 Vhe
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ eqnxene at ＀eaut qwattet＀{ anf uha＀＀
eqnxene at the ea＀＀ qh the rteu�fent qh the uenate anf the
urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu0 A oa�qt�t{ qh
the eqoo�uu�qn oeobetu qh eaeh hqwue r＀wu qne
aff�t�qna＀ oeobet htqo e�thet hqwue eqnut�twteu a
qwqtwo0 Aet�qn b{ the eqoo�uu�qn teqw�teu a oa�qt�t{
xqte qh the eqoo�uu�qn oeobetu rteuent qh eaeh
hqwue0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn oa{ eqnfwet �tu oeet�niu
thtqwih te＀eeqnheteneeu qt u�o�＀at oeanu0 Kn aff�t�qn
tq the rqwetu anf fwt�eu uree�h�ef �n th�u uwbueet�qn, the
�q�nt ＀ei�u＀at�xe bwfiet eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ ezete�ue a＀＀
qthet rqwetu anf rethqto an{ qthet fwt�eu nqt �n eqnh＀�et
w�th rataitarh (e)(5) anf au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
qt �q�nt tw＀e0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
3, 3;;2, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 9, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2; Aou0 rtqrquef
b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0 8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 2366, 2225;
afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 220 Stanfatfu hqt eutab＀�uh�ni eqn/
iteuu�qna＀ f�utt�et bqwnfat�eu0´Kn eutab＀�uh�ni eqn/
iteuu�qna＀ f�utt�et bqwnfat�eu<
(a) Pq arrqtt�qnoent r＀an qt �nf�x�fwa＀ f�utt�et uha＀＀
be ftawn w�th the �ntent tq haxqt qt f�uhaxqt a rq＀�t�ea＀
ratt{ qt an �newobent; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀ nqt be ftawn
w�th the �ntent qt teuw＀t qh fen{�ni qt abt�fi�ni the eqwa＀
qrrqttwn�t{ qh tae�a＀ qt ＀aniwaie o�nqt�t�eu tq ratt�e�rate
�n the rq＀�t�ea＀ rtqeeuu qt tq f�o�n�uh the�t ab�＀�t{ tq e＀eet
32
ATVKENG KV
terteuentat�xeu qh the�t ehq�ee; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀
eqnu�ut qh eqnt�iwqwu tett�tqt{0
(b) Wn＀euu eqor＀�anee w�th the utanfatfu �n th�u
uwbueet�qn eqnh＀�etu w�th the utanfatfu �n uwbueet�qn
3(a) qt w�th hefeta＀ ＀aw, f�utt�etu uha＀＀ be au neat＀{ eqwa＀
�n rqrw＀at�qn au �u rtaet�eab＀e; f�utt�etu uha＀＀ be eqo/
raet; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀, whete heau�b＀e, wt�＀�ze ez�ut�ni
rq＀�t�ea＀ anf ieqitarh�ea＀ bqwnfat�eu0
(e) Vhe qtfet �n wh�eh the utanfatfu w�th�n uwbuee/
t�qnu 3(a) anf (b) qh th�u ueet�qn ate uet hqtth uha＀＀ nqt be
teaf tq eutab＀�uh an{ rt�qt�t{ qh qne utanfatf qxet the
qthet w�th�n that uwbueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Serteobet 28, 2229; afqrtef 22320
3Pqte0´Vhe uwbueet�qnu qh ueet�qn 22, au �t arreatef �n Aoenfoent Pq0 8,
rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Serteobet 28, 2229,
anf afqrtef �n 2232, wete feu�inatef (3)/(5); the ef�tqtu tefeu�inatef theo au (a)/
(e) tq eqnhqto tq the hqtoat qh the State Eqnut�twt�qn0
SGEVKQP 230 Stanfatfu hqt eutab＀�uh�ni ＀ei�u/
＀at�xe f�utt�et bqwnfat�eu0´Kn eutab＀�uh�ni ＀ei�u＀at�xe
f�utt�et bqwnfat�eu<
(a) Pq arrqtt�qnoent r＀an qt f�utt�et uha＀＀ be ftawn
w�th the �ntent tq haxqt qt f�uhaxqt a rq＀�t�ea＀ ratt{ qt an
�newobent; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀ nqt be ftawn w�th the
�ntent qt teuw＀t qh fen{�ni qt abt�fi�ni the eqwa＀
qrrqttwn�t{ qh tae�a＀ qt ＀aniwaie o�nqt�t�eu tq ratt�e�rate
�n the rq＀�t�ea＀ rtqeeuu qt tq f�o�n�uh the�t ab�＀�t{ tq e＀eet
terteuentat�xeu qh the�t ehq�ee; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀
eqnu�ut qh eqnt�iwqwu tett�tqt{0
(b) Wn＀euu eqor＀�anee w�th the utanfatfu �n th�u
uwbueet�qn eqnh＀�etu w�th the utanfatfu �n uwbueet�qn
3(a) qt w�th hefeta＀ ＀aw, f�utt�etu uha＀＀ be au neat＀{ eqwa＀
�n rqrw＀at�qn au �u rtaet�eab＀e; f�utt�etu uha＀＀ be eqo/
raet; anf f�utt�etu uha＀＀, whete heau�b＀e, wt�＀�ze ez�ut�ni
rq＀�t�ea＀ anf ieqitarh�ea＀ bqwnfat�eu0
(e) Vhe qtfet �n wh�eh the utanfatfu w�th�n uwbuee/
t�qnu 3(a) anf (b) qh th�u ueet�qn ate uet hqtth uha＀＀ nqt be
teaf tq eutab＀�uh an{ rt�qt�t{ qh qne utanfatf qxet the
qthet w�th�n that uwbueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Serteobet 28, 2229; afqrtef 22320
3Pqte0´Vhe uwbueet�qnu qh ueet�qn 23, au �t arreatef �n Aoenfoent Pq0 5,
rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Serteobet 28, 2229,
anf afqrtef �n 2232, wete feu�inatef (3)/(5); the ef�tqtu tefeu�inatef theo au (a)/
(e) tq eqnhqto tq the hqtoat qh the State Eqnut�twt�qn0
ATVKENG KV
GZGEWVKVG
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
Gqxetnqt0
N�ewtenant iqxetnqt0
Sweeeuu�qn tq qhh�ee qh iqxetnqt; aet�ni iqxetnqt0
Eab�net0
G＀eet�qn qh iqxetnqt, ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt anf
eab�net oeobetu; qwa＀�h�eat�qnu; tetou0
Gzeewt�xe ferattoentu0
Swurenu�qnu; h�＀＀�ni qhh�ee fwt�ni uwurenu�qnu0
E＀eoene{0
H�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn eqoo�uu�qn0
Attqtne{ Geneta＀0
Derattoent qh Vetetanu Ahha�tu0
Derattoent qh G＀fet＀{ Ahha�tu0
ATVKENG KV
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
See0
350
Texenwe Shqttha＀＀u0
SGEVKQP 30 Gqxetnqt0´
(a) Vhe uwrteoe ezeewt�xe rqwet uha＀＀ be xeutef �n
a iqxetnqt, whq uha＀＀ be eqooanfet/�n/eh�eh qh a＀＀
o�＀�tat{ hqteeu qh the utate nqt �n aet�xe uetx�ee qh the
Wn�tef Stateu0 Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ ta�e eate that the
＀awu be ha�thhw＀＀{ ezeewtef, eqoo�uu�qn a＀＀ qhh�eetu qh
the utate anf eqwnt�eu, anf ttanuaet a＀＀ neeeuuat{
bwu�neuu w�th the qhh�eetu qh iqxetnoent0 Vhe iqxetnqt
oa{ teqw�te �nhqtoat�qn �n wt�t�ni htqo a＀＀ ezeewt�xe qt
afo�n�uttat�xe utate, eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀ qhh�eetu wrqn
an{ uwb�eet te＀at�ni tq the fwt�eu qh the�t teureet�xe
qhh�eeu0 Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ be the eh�eh afo�n�uttat�xe
qhh�eet qh the utate teurqnu�b＀e hqt the r＀ann�ni anf
bwfiet�ni hqt the utate0
(b) Vhe iqxetnqt oa{ �n�t�ate �wf�e�a＀ rtqeeef�niu �n
the naoe qh the utate aia�nut an{ ezeewt�xe qt afo�n/
�uttat�xe utate, eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀ qhh�eet tq enhqtee
eqor＀�anee w�th an{ fwt{ qt teutta�n an{ wnawthqt�zef
aet0
(e) Vhe iqxetnqt oa{ teqweut �n wt�t�ni the qr�n�qn
qh the �wut�eeu qh the uwrteoe eqwtt au tq the �ntet/
rtetat�qn qh an{ rqtt�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn wrqn an{
qweut�qn ahheet�ni the iqxetnqt'u ezeewt�xe rqwetu anf
fwt�eu0 Vhe �wut�eeu uha＀＀, uwb�eet tq the�t tw＀eu qh
rtqeefwte, reto�t �nteteutef retuqnu tq be heatf qn
the qweut�qnu rteuentef anf uha＀＀ tenfet the�t wt�tten
qr�n�qn nqt eat＀�et than ten fa{u htqo the h�＀�ni anf
fqe�et�ni qh the teqweut, wn＀euu �n the�t �wfioent the
fe＀a{ wqw＀f eawue rwb＀�e �n�wt{0
(f) Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq ea＀＀ qwt the
o�＀�t�a tq rteuetxe the rwb＀�e reaee, ezeewte the ＀awu qh
the utate, uwrrteuu �nuwtteet�qn, qt tere＀ �nxau�qn0
(e) Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ b{ oeuuaie at ＀eaut qnee �n
eaeh teiw＀at ueuu�qn �nhqto the ＀ei�u＀atwte eqneetn�ni
the eqnf�t�qn qh the utate, rtqrque uweh teqtian�zat�qn
qh the ezeewt�xe ferattoent au w�＀＀ rtqoqte ehh�e�ene{
anf eeqnqo{, anf teeqooenf oeauwteu �n the rwb＀�e
�nteteut0
(h) Yhen nqt qthetw�ue rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u eqnut�tw/
t�qn, the iqxetnqt uha＀＀ h�＀＀ b{ arrq�ntoent an{ xaeane{
�n utate qt eqwnt{ qhh�ee hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto qh
an arrq�nt�xe qhh�ee, anf hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto qh
an e＀eet�xe qhh�ee �h ＀euu than twent{/e�iht oqnthu,
qthetw�ue wnt�＀ the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{
hq＀＀qw�ni the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn
Pq0 3, 3;;2, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 9, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0
rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th
the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 20 N�ewtenant iqxetnqt0´Vhete uha＀＀
be a ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt, whq uha＀＀ rethqto uweh fwt�eu
retta�n�ni tq the qhh�ee qh iqxetnqt au uha＀＀ be auu�inef
b{ the iqxetnqt, ezeert when qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{
＀aw, anf uweh qthet fwt�eu au oa{ be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Sweeeuu�qn tq qhh�ee qh iqxetnqt;
aet�ni iqxetnqt0´
35
ATVKENG KV
(a) Wrqn xaeane{ �n the qhh�ee qh iqxetnqt, the
＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt uha＀＀ beeqoe iqxetnqt0 Hwtthet
uweeeuu�qn tq the qhh�ee qh iqxetnqt uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef
b{ ＀aw0 A uweeeuuqt uha＀＀ uetxe hqt the teoa�nfet qh the
teto0
(b) Wrqn �oreaehoent qh the iqxetnqt anf wnt�＀
eqor＀et�qn qh tt�a＀ theteqh, qt fwt�ni the iqxetnqt'u
rh{u�ea＀ qt oenta＀ �nearae�t{, the ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt
uha＀＀ aet au iqxetnqt0 Hwtthet uweeeuu�qn au aet�ni
iqxetnqt uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Knearae�t{ tq uetxe
au iqxetnqt oa{ be feteto�nef b{ the uwrteoe eqwtt
wrqn fwe nqt�ee ahtet fqe�et�ni qh a wt�tten uwiieut�qn
theteqh b{ thtee eab�net oeobetu, anf �n uweh eaue
teutqtat�qn qh earae�t{ uha＀＀ be u�o�＀at＀{ feteto�nef
ahtet fqe�et�ni qh wt�tten uwiieut�qn theteqh b{ the
iqxetnqt, the ＀ei�u＀atwte qt thtee eab�net oeobetu0
Knearae�t{ tq uetxe au iqxetnqt oa{ a＀uq be eutab＀�uhef
b{ eett�h�eate h�＀ef w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu b{
the iqxetnqt fee＀at�ni �nearae�t{ hqt rh{u�ea＀ teauqnu
tq uetxe au iqxetnqt, anf �n uweh eaue teutqtat�qn qh
earae�t{ uha＀＀ be u�o�＀at＀{ eutab＀�uhef0
J�utqt{0´Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0
8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 60 Eab�net0´
(a) Vhete uha＀＀ be a eab�net eqorquef qh an
attqtne{ ieneta＀, a eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet, anf a eqoo�u/
u�qnet qh ait�ew＀twte0 Kn aff�t�qn tq the rqwetu anf
fwt�eu uree�h�ef hete�n, the{ uha＀＀ ezete�ue uweh rqwetu
anf rethqto uweh fwt�eu au oa{ be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Kn
the exent qh a t�e xqte qh the iqxetnqt anf eab�net, the
u�fe qn wh�eh the iqxetnqt xqtef uha＀＀ be feeoef tq
rtexa�＀0
(b) Vhe attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀ be the eh�eh utate ＀eia＀
qhh�eet0 Vhete �u eteatef �n the qhh�ee qh the attqtne{
ieneta＀ the rqu�t�qn qh utatew�fe rtqueewtqt0 Vhe
utatew�fe rtqueewtqt uha＀＀ haxe eqnewttent �wt�uf�et�qn
w�th the utate attqtne{u tq rtqueewte x�q＀at�qnu qh
et�o�na＀ ＀awu qeewtt�ni qt hax�ni qeewttef, �n twq qt
oqte �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu au ratt qh a te＀atef ttanuaet�qn, qt
when an{ uweh qhhenue �u ahheet�ni qt hau ahheetef twq
qt oqte �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe
utatew�fe rtqueewtqt uha＀＀ be arrq�ntef b{ the attqtne{
ieneta＀ htqo nqt ＀euu than thtee retuqnu nqo�natef b{
the �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn hqt the uwrteoe
eqwtt, qt au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(e) Vhe eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet uha＀＀ uetxe au the eh�eh
h�uea＀ qhh�eet qh the utate, anf uha＀＀ uett＀e anf arrtqxe
aeeqwntu aia�nut the utate, anf uha＀＀ �eer a＀＀ utate
hwnfu anf ueewt�t�eu0
(f) Vhe eqoo�uu�qnet qh ait�ew＀twte uha＀＀ haxe
uwretx�u�qn qh oattetu retta�n�ni tq ait�ew＀twte ezeert
au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(e) Vhe iqxetnqt au eha�t, the eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet,
anf the attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀ eqnut�twte the utate bqatf
qh afo�n�uttat�qn, wh�eh uha＀＀ uweeeef tq a＀＀ the rqwet,
eqnttq＀, anf awthqt�t{ qh the utate bqatf qh afo�n�utta/
t�qn eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38 qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, anf wh�eh uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe au a bqf{
at ＀eaut hqt the ＀�he qh Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn ;(e)0
(h) Vhe iqxetnqt au eha�t, the eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet,
the attqtne{ ieneta＀, anf the eqoo�uu�qnet qh ait�ew＀/
twte uha＀＀ eqnut�twte the ttwuteeu qh the �ntetna＀
ATVKENG KV
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
�ortqxeoent ttwut hwnf anf the ＀anf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut
hwnf au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(i) Vhe iqxetnqt au eha�t, the eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet,
the attqtne{ ieneta＀, anf the eqoo�uu�qnet qh ait�ew＀/
twte uha＀＀ eqnut�twte the aiene{ heaf qh the Derattoent
qh Naw Gnhqteeoent0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 655, 3;85; afqrtef 3;86; Ao0 J0J0T0 588, 3;85; afqrtef
3;88; Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0 8 anf
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 G＀eet�qn qh iqxetnqt, ＀�ewtenant
iqxetnqt anf eab�net oeobetu; qwa＀�h�eat�qnu;
tetou0´
(a) At a utate/w�fe ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn �n eaeh ea＀enfat
{eat the nwobet qh wh�eh �u exen bwt nqt a ow＀t�r＀e qh
hqwt, the e＀eetqtu uha＀＀ ehqque a iqxetnqt anf a
＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt anf oeobetu qh the eab�net eaeh
hqt a teto qh hqwt {eatu bei�nn�ni qn the h�tut Vweufa{
ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n Janwat{ qh the uweeeef�ni {eat0
Kn rt�oat{ e＀eet�qnu, eanf�fateu hqt the qhh�ee qh
iqxetnqt oa{ ehqque tq twn w�thqwt a ＀�ewtenant
iqxetnqt eanf�fate0 Kn the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, a＀＀ eanf�/
fateu hqt the qhh�eeu qh iqxetnqt anf ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt
uha＀＀ hqto �q�nt eanf�fae�eu �n a oannet rteuet�bef b{
＀aw uq that eaeh xqtet uha＀＀ eaut a u�ni＀e xqte hqt a
eanf�fate hqt iqxetnqt anf a eanf�fate hqt ＀�ewtenant
iqxetnqt twnn�ni tqiethet0
(b) Yhen e＀eetef, the iqxetnqt, ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt
anf eaeh eab�net oeobet owut be an e＀eetqt nqt ＀euu
than th�tt{ {eatu qh aie whq hau teu�fef �n the utate hqt
the rteeef�ni uexen {eatu0 Vhe attqtne{ ieneta＀ owut
haxe been a oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa hqt the
rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu0 Pq retuqn whq hau, qt bwt hqt
teu�inat�qn wqw＀f haxe, uetxef au iqxetnqt qt aet�ni
iqxetnqt hqt oqte than u�z {eatu �n twq eqnueewt�xe
tetou uha＀＀ be e＀eetef iqxetnqt hqt the uweeeef�ni
teto0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
33, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 Gzeewt�xe ferattoentu0´A＀＀ hwne/
t�qnu qh the ezeewt�xe btaneh qh utate iqxetnoent uha＀＀
be a＀＀qttef aoqni nqt oqte than twent{/h�xe feratt/
oentu, eze＀wu�xe qh thque uree�h�ea＀＀{ rtqx�fef hqt qt
awthqt�zef �n th�u eqnut�twt�qn0 Vhe afo�n�uttat�qn qh
eaeh ferattoent, wn＀euu qthetw�ue rtqx�fef �n th�u
eqnut�twt�qn, uha＀＀ be r＀aeef b{ ＀aw wnfet the f�teet
uwretx�u�qn qh the iqxetnqt, the ＀�ewtenant iqxetnqt, the
iqxetnqt anf eab�net, a eab�net oeobet, qt an qhh�eet qt
bqatf arrq�ntef b{ anf uetx�ni at the r＀eauwte qh the
iqxetnqt, ezeert<
(a) Yhen rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, eqnh�toat�qn b{ the
uenate qt the arrtqxa＀ qh thtee oeobetu qh the eab�net
uha＀＀ be teqw�tef hqt arrq�ntoent tq qt teoqxa＀ htqo an{
feu�inatef utatwtqt{ qhh�ee0
(b) Dqatfu awthqt�zef tq itant anf texq�e ＀�eenueu
tq eniaie �n teiw＀atef qeewrat�qnu uha＀＀ be auu�inef tq
arrtqrt�ate ferattoentu anf the�t oeobetu arrq�ntef
hqt h�zef tetou, uwb�eet tq teoqxa＀ qn＀{ hqt eawue0
SGEVKQP 90 Swurenu�qnu; h�＀＀�ni qhh�ee fwt�ni
uwurenu�qnu0´
(a) D{ ezeewt�xe qtfet utat�ni the itqwnfu anf h�＀ef
w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu, the iqxetnqt oa{
36
ATVKENG KV
uwurenf htqo qhh�ee an{ utate qhh�eet nqt uwb�eet tq
�oreaehoent, an{ qhh�eet qh the o�＀�t�a nqt �n the aet�xe
uetx�ee qh the Wn�tef Stateu, qt an{ eqwnt{ qhh�eet, hqt
oa＀heauanee, o�uheauanee, nei＀eet qh fwt{, ftwn�en/
neuu, �neqoretenee, retoanent �nab�＀�t{ tq rethqto
qhh�e�a＀ fwt�eu, qt eqoo�uu�qn qh a he＀qn{, anf oa{ h�＀＀
the qhh�ee b{ arrq�ntoent hqt the ret�qf qh uwurenu�qn0
Vhe uwurenfef qhh�eet oa{ at an{ t�oe behqte teoqxa＀
be te�nutatef b{ the iqxetnqt0
(b) Vhe uenate oa{, �n rtqeeef�niu rteuet�bef b{
＀aw, teoqxe htqo qhh�ee qt te�nutate the uwurenfef
qhh�e�a＀ anf hqt uweh rwtrque the uenate oa{ be
eqnxenef �n uree�a＀ ueuu�qn b{ �tu rteu�fent qt b{ a
oa�qt�t{ qh �tu oeobetuh�r0
(e) D{ qtfet qh the iqxetnqt an{ e＀eetef own�e�ra＀
qhh�eet �nf�etef hqt et�oe oa{ be uwurenfef htqo qhh�ee
wnt�＀ aeqw�ttef anf the qhh�ee h�＀＀ef b{ arrq�ntoent hqt the
ret�qf qh uwurenu�qn, nqt tq eztenf be{qnf the teto,
wn＀euu theue rqwetu ate xeutef e＀uewhete b{ ＀aw qt the
own�e�ra＀ ehattet0
J�utqt{0´Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0
8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 E＀eoene{0´
(a) Gzeert �n eaueu qh tteauqn anf �n eaueu whete
�oreaehoent teuw＀tu �n eqnx�et�qn, the iqxetnqt oa{,
b{ ezeewt�xe qtfet h�＀ef w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate
teeqtfu, uwurenf eq＀＀eet�qn qh h�neu anf hqthe�twteu,
itant tert�exeu nqt ezeeef�ni u�zt{ fa{u anf, w�th the
arrtqxa＀ qh twq oeobetu qh the eab�net, itant hw＀＀ qt
eqnf�t�qna＀ ratfqnu, teutqte e�x�＀ t�ihtu, eqoowte rwn/
�uhoent, anf teo�t h�neu anf hqthe�twteu hqt qhhenueu0
(b) Kn eaueu qh tteauqn the iqxetnqt oa{ itant
tert�exeu wnt�＀ af�qwtnoent qh the teiw＀at ueuu�qn qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte eqnxen�ni nezt ahtet the eqnx�et�qn, at wh�eh
ueuu�qn the ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ itant a ratfqn qt hwtthet
tert�exe; qthetw�ue the uentenee uha＀＀ be ezeewtef0
(e) Vhete oa{ be eteatef b{ ＀aw a ratq＀e anf
rtqbat�qn eqoo�uu�qn w�th rqwet tq uwretx�ue retuqnu
qn rtqbat�qn anf tq itant ratq＀eu qt eqnf�t�qna＀
te＀eaueu tq retuqnu wnfet uenteneeu hqt et�oe0 Vhe
qwa＀�h�eat�qnu, oethqf qh ue＀eet�qn anf tetou, nqt tq
ezeeef u�z {eatu, qh oeobetu qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀
be rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP ;0 H�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn eqo/
o�uu�qn0´Vhete uha＀＀ be a h�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxa/
t�qn eqoo�uu�qn, eqorquef qh uexen oeobetu ar/
rq�ntef b{ the iqxetnqt, uwb�eet tq eqnh�toat�qn b{ the
uenate hqt utaiietef tetou qh h�xe {eatu0 Vhe eqoo�u/
u�qn uha＀＀ ezete�ue the teiw＀atqt{ anf ezeewt�xe rqwetu
qh the utate w�th teureet tq w�＀f an�oa＀ ＀�he anf hteuh
watet aqwat�e ＀�he, anf uha＀＀ a＀uq ezete�ue teiw＀atqt{ anf
ezeewt�xe rqwetu qh the utate w�th teureet tq oat�ne ＀�he,
ezeert that a＀＀ ＀�eenue heeu hqt ta��ni w�＀f an�oa＀ ＀�he,
hteuh watet aqwat�e ＀�he, anf oat�ne ＀�he anf rena＀t�eu hqt
x�q＀at�ni teiw＀at�qnu qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be rte/
uet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ eutab＀�uh
rtqeefwteu tq enuwte afeqwate fwe rtqeeuu �n the
ezete�ue qh �tu teiw＀atqt{ anf ezeewt�xe hwnet�qnu0 Vhe
＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ enaet ＀awu �n a�f qh the eqoo�uu�qn, nqt
�neqnu�utent w�th th�u ueet�qn, ezeert that thete uha＀＀ be
ATVKENG KV
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
nq uree�a＀ ＀aw qt ieneta＀ ＀aw qh ＀qea＀ arr＀�eat�qn
retta�n�ni tq hwnt�ni qt h�uh�ni0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn'u
ezete�ue qh ezeewt�xe rqwetu �n the atea qh r＀ann�ni,
bwfiet�ni, retuqnne＀ oanaieoent, anf rwtehau�ni
uha＀＀ be au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Texenwe fet�xef htqo
＀�eenue heeu hqt the ta��ni qh w�＀f an�oa＀ ＀�he anf hteuh
watet aqwat�e ＀�he uha＀＀ be arrtqrt�atef tq the eqoo�u/
u�qn b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte hqt the rwtrqueu qh oanaieoent,
rtqteet�qn, anf eqnuetxat�qn qh w�＀f an�oa＀ ＀�he anf hteuh
watet aqwat�e ＀�he0 Texenwe fet�xef htqo ＀�eenue heeu
te＀at�ni tq oat�ne ＀�he uha＀＀ be arrtqrt�atef b{ the
＀ei�u＀atwte hqt the rwtrqueu qh oanaieoent, rtqteet�qn,
anf eqnuetxat�qn qh oat�ne ＀�he au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ nqt be a wn�t qh an{ qthet utate aiene{
anf uha＀＀ haxe �tu qwn utahh, wh�eh �ne＀wfeu oanaie/
oent, teueateh, anf enhqteeoent0 Wn＀euu rtqx�fef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ haxe nq awthqt�t{ tq
teiw＀ate oattetu te＀at�ni tq a�t anf watet rq＀＀wt�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 859, 3;95; afqrtef 3;96; Ao0 rtqrquef b{
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 5, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh
State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 320 Attqtne{ Geneta＀0´Vhe attqtne{
ieneta＀ uha＀＀, au f�teetef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, teqweut the
qr�n�qn qh the �wut�eeu qh the uwrteoe eqwtt au tq the
xa＀�f�t{ qh an{ �n�t�at�xe ret�t�qn e�tew＀atef rwtuwant tq
Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e ZK0 Vhe �wut�eeu uha＀＀, uwb�eet tq the�t
tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, reto�t �nteteutef retuqnu tq be
heatf qn the qweut�qnu rteuentef anf uha＀＀ tenfet the�t
wt�tten qr�n�qn nq ＀atet than Art�＀ 3 qh the {eat �n wh�eh
the �n�t�at�xe �u tq be uwbo�ttef tq the xqtetu rwtuwant tq
Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e ZK0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 93, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 S0J0T0 25;6, 2226;
afqrtef 22260
SGEVKQP 330 Derattoent qh Vetetanu Ahha�tu0
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, oa{ rtqx�fe hqt the
eutab＀�uhoent qh the Derattoent qh Vetetanu Ahha�tu0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 2;2, 3;88; afqrtef 3;880
SGEVKQP 320 Derattoent qh G＀fet＀{ Ahha�tu0´
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ eteate a Derattoent qh G＀fet＀{
Ahha�tu anf rteuet�be �tu fwt�eu0 Vhe rtqx�u�qnu iqxetn/
�ni the afo�n�uttat�qn qh the ferattoent owut eqor＀{
w�th Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e KV qh the State Eqnut�twt�qn0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 2;2, 3;88; afqrtef 3;880
SGEVKQP 350 Texenwe Shqttha＀＀u0´Kn the exent
qh texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, au feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, the
iqxetnqt anf eab�net oa{ eutab＀�uh a＀＀ neeeuuat{
tefwet�qnu �n the utate bwfiet �n qtfet tq eqor＀{ w�th
the rtqx�u�qnu qh Att�e＀e VKK, Seet�qn 3(f)0 Vhe iqxetnqt
anf eab�net uha＀＀ �or＀eoent a＀＀ neeeuuat{ tefwet�qnu hqt
the ezeewt�xe bwfiet, the eh�eh �wut�ee qh the uwrteoe
eqwtt uha＀＀ �or＀eoent a＀＀ neeeuuat{ tefwet�qnu hqt the
�wf�e�a＀ bwfiet, anf the urea�et qh the hqwue qh
terteuentat�xeu anf the rteu�fent qh the uenate uha＀＀
�or＀eoent a＀＀ neeeuuat{ tefwet�qnu hqt the ＀ei�u＀at�xe
bwfiet0 Dwfiet tefwet�qnu rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
be eqnu�utent w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh Att�e＀e KKK, Seet�qn
3;(h)0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn Tex�u�qn Pq0
3, 3;;2, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 9, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;20
35
ATVKENG V
ATVKENG V
JWDKEKATY
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
380
3;0
220
Eqwttu0
Afo�n�uttat�qn; rtaet�ee anf rtqeefwte0
Swrteoe eqwtt0
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀0
E�tew�t eqwttu0
Eqwnt{ eqwttu0
Sree�a＀�zef f�x�u�qnu0
G＀�i�b�＀�t{0
Deteto�nat�qn qh nwobet qh �wfieu0
Tetent�qn; e＀eet�qn anf tetou0
Vaeane�eu0
D�ue�r＀�ne; teoqxa＀ anf tet�teoent0
Ptqh�b�tef aet�x�t�eu0
Hwnf�ni0
Attqtne{u; afo�uu�qn anf f�ue�r＀�ne0
E＀et�u qh the e�tew�t eqwttu0
State attqtne{u0
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu0
Jwf�e�a＀ qhh�eetu au eqnuetxatqtu qh the reaee0
Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e V0
SGEVKQP 30 Eqwttu0´Vhe �wf�e�a＀ rqwet uha＀＀ be
xeutef �n a uwrteoe eqwtt, f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀,
e�tew�t eqwttu anf eqwnt{ eqwttu0 Pq qthet eqwttu oa{ be
eutab＀�uhef b{ the utate, an{ rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qn qt an{
own�e�ra＀�t{0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, f�x�fe
the utate �ntq arre＀＀ate eqwtt f�utt�etu anf �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu
hq＀＀qw�ni eqwnt{ ＀�neu0 Eqoo�uu�qnu eutab＀�uhef b{ ＀aw,
qt afo�n�uttat�xe qhh�eetu qt bqf�eu oa{ be itantef
qwau�/�wf�e�a＀ rqwet �n oattetu eqnneetef w�th the
hwnet�qnu qh the�t qhh�eeu0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ eutab＀�uh
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw a e�x�＀ ttahh�e heat�ni qhh�eet u{uteo hqt
the rwtrque qh heat�ni e�x�＀ ttahh�e �nhtaet�qnu0 Vhe
＀ei�u＀atwte oa{, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, awthqt�ze a o�＀�tat{
eqwtt/oatt�a＀ tq be eqnfwetef b{ o�＀�tat{ �wfieu qh the
H＀qt�fa Pat�qna＀ Gwatf, w�th f�teet arrea＀ qh a fee�u�qn
tq the D�utt�et Eqwtt qh Arrea＀, H�tut D�utt�et0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 3828, 3;88; afqrtef
3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8,
h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 20 Afo�n�uttat�qn; rtaet�ee anf rtq/
eefwte0´
(a) Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ afqrt tw＀eu hqt the
rtaet�ee anf rtqeefwte �n a＀＀ eqwttu �ne＀wf�ni the t�oe
hqt uee��ni arre＀＀ate tex�ew, the afo�n�uttat�xe uwret/
x�u�qn qh a＀＀ eqwttu, the ttanuhet tq the eqwtt hax�ni
�wt�uf�et�qn qh an{ rtqeeef�ni when the �wt�uf�et�qn qh
anqthet eqwtt hau been �ortqx�fent＀{ �nxq�ef, anf a
teqw�teoent that nq eawue uha＀＀ be f�uo�uuef beeawue
an �ortqret teoef{ hau been uqwiht0 Vhe uwrteoe
eqwtt uha＀＀ afqrt tw＀eu tq a＀＀qw the eqwtt anf the f�utt�et
eqwttu qh arrea＀ tq uwbo�t qweut�qnu te＀at�ni tq o�＀�tat{
＀aw tq the hefeta＀ Eqwtt qh Arrea＀u hqt the Atoef Hqteeu
hqt an afx�uqt{ qr�n�qn0 Tw＀eu qh eqwtt oa{ be terea＀ef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw enaetef b{ twq/th�tfu xqte qh the
oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(b) Vhe eh�eh �wut�ee qh the uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ be
ehquen b{ a oa�qt�t{ qh the oeobetu qh the eqwtt; uha＀＀
be the eh�eh afo�n�uttat�xe qhh�eet qh the �wf�e�a＀ u{uteo;
anf uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq auu�in �wut�eeu qt �wfieu,
�ne＀wf�ni eqnuent�ni tet�tef �wut�eeu qt �wfieu, tq
teorqtat{ fwt{ �n an{ eqwtt hqt wh�eh the �wfie �u
qwa＀�h�ef anf tq fe＀eiate tq a eh�eh �wfie qh a �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�t the rqwet tq auu�in �wfieu hqt fwt{ �n that e�tew�t0
(e) A eh�eh �wfie hqt eaeh f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀
uha＀＀ be ehquen b{ a oa�qt�t{ qh the �wfieu theteqh qt, �h
thete �u nq oa�qt�t{, b{ the eh�eh �wut�ee0 Vhe eh�eh �wfie
uha＀＀ be teurqnu�b＀e hqt the afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn qh
the eqwtt0
(f) A eh�eh �wfie �n eaeh e�tew�t uha＀＀ be ehquen htqo
aoqni the e�tew�t �wfieu au rtqx�fef b{ uwrteoe eqwtt
tw＀e0 Vhe eh�eh �wfie uha＀＀ be teurqnu�b＀e hqt the
afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn qh the e�tew�t eqwttu anf
eqwnt{ eqwttu �n h�u e�tew�t0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Swrteoe eqwtt0´
(a) QTGAPK\AVKQP0´Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀
eqnu�ut qh uexen �wut�eeu0 Qh the uexen �wut�eeu, eaeh
arre＀＀ate f�utt�et uha＀＀ haxe at ＀eaut qne �wut�ee e＀eetef
qt arrq�ntef htqo the f�utt�et tq the uwrteoe eqwtt whq
�u a teu�fent qh the f�utt�et at the t�oe qh the qt�i�na＀
arrq�ntoent qt e＀eet�qn0 H�xe �wut�eeu uha＀＀ eqnut�twte a
qwqtwo0 Vhe eqnewttenee qh hqwt �wut�eeu uha＀＀ be
neeeuuat{ tq a fee�u�qn0 Yhen teewua＀u hqt eawue
wqw＀f rtqh�b�t the eqwtt htqo eqnxen�ni beeawue qh
the teqw�teoentu qh th�u ueet�qn, �wfieu auu�inef tq
teorqtat{ fwt{ oa{ be uwbut�twtef hqt �wut�eeu0
(b) JWTKSDKEVKQP0´Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt<
(3) Sha＀＀ heat arrea＀u htqo h�na＀ �wfioentu qh tt�a＀
eqwttu �orqu�ni the feath rena＀t{ anf htqo fee�u�qnu qh
f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ fee＀at�ni �nxa＀�f a utate utatwte
qt a rtqx�u�qn qh the utate eqnut�twt�qn0
(2) Yhen rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, uha＀＀ heat
arrea＀u htqo h�na＀ �wfioentu entetef �n rtqeeef�niu
hqt the xa＀�fat�qn qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu qh �nfebtef/
neuu anf uha＀＀ tex�ew aet�qn qh utatew�fe aiene�eu
te＀at�ni tq tateu qt uetx�ee qh wt�＀�t�eu rtqx�f�ni e＀eett�e,
iau, qt te＀erhqne uetx�ee0
(5) Ma{ tex�ew an{ fee�u�qn qh a f�utt�et eqwtt qh
arrea＀ that ezrteuu＀{ fee＀ateu xa＀�f a utate utatwte, qt
that ezrteuu＀{ eqnuttweu a rtqx�u�qn qh the utate qt
hefeta＀ eqnut�twt�qn, qt that ezrteuu＀{ ahheetu a e＀auu qh
eqnut�twt�qna＀ qt utate qhh�eetu, qt that ezrteuu＀{ anf
f�teet＀{ eqnh＀�etu w�th a fee�u�qn qh anqthet f�utt�et eqwtt
qh arrea＀ qt qh the uwrteoe eqwtt qn the uaoe qweut�qn
qh ＀aw0
(6) Ma{ tex�ew an{ fee�u�qn qh a f�utt�et eqwtt qh
arrea＀ that rauueu wrqn a qweut�qn eett�h�ef b{ �t tq be
qh iteat rwb＀�e �orqttanee, qt that �u eett�h�ef b{ �t tq be
�n f�teet eqnh＀�et w�th a fee�u�qn qh anqthet f�utt�et eqwtt
qh arrea＀0
(5) Ma{ tex�ew an{ qtfet qt �wfioent qh a tt�a＀ eqwtt
eett�h�ef b{ the f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ �n wh�eh an arrea＀
�u renf�ni tq be qh iteat rwb＀�e �orqttanee, qt tq haxe a
iteat ehheet qn the rtqret afo�n�uttat�qn qh �wut�ee
thtqwihqwt the utate, anf eett�h�ef tq teqw�te �ooef�ate
teuq＀wt�qn b{ the uwrteoe eqwtt0
38
ATVKENG V
(8) Ma{ tex�ew a qweut�qn qh ＀aw eett�h�ef b{ the
Swrteoe Eqwtt qh the Wn�tef Stateu qt a Wn�tef Stateu
Eqwtt qh Arrea＀u wh�eh �u feteto�nat�xe qh the eawue
anf hqt wh�eh thete �u nq eqnttq＀＀�ni rteeefent qh the
uwrteoe eqwtt qh H＀qt�fa0
(9) Ma{ �uuwe wt�tu qh rtqh�b�t�qn tq eqwttu anf a＀＀
wt�tu neeeuuat{ tq the eqor＀ete ezete�ue qh �tu �wt�uf�e/
t�qn0
(8) Ma{ �uuwe wt�tu qh oanfaowu anf qwq wattantq
tq utate qhh�eetu anf utate aiene�eu0
(;) Ma{, qt an{ �wut�ee oa{, �uuwe wt�tu qh habeau
eqtrwu tetwtnab＀e behqte the uwrteoe eqwtt qt an{
�wut�ee, a f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ qt an{ �wfie theteqh, qt
an{ e�tew�t �wfie0
(32) Sha＀＀, when teqweutef b{ the attqtne{ ieneta＀
rwtuwant tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh Seet�qn 32 qh Att�e＀e KV,
tenfet an afx�uqt{ qr�n�qn qh the �wut�eeu, affteuu�ni
�uuweu au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(e) ENGTM APD MATSJAN0´Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt
uha＀＀ arrq�nt a e＀et� anf a oatuha＀ whq uha＀＀ hq＀f qhh�ee
fwt�ni the r＀eauwte qh the eqwtt anf rethqto uweh fwt�eu
au the eqwtt f�teetu0 Vhe�t eqorenuat�qn uha＀＀ be h�zef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe oatuha＀ uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq
ezeewte the rtqeeuu qh the eqwtt thtqwihqwt the utate,
anf �n an{ eqwnt{ oa{ ferwt�ze the uhet�hh qt a ferwt{
uhet�hh hqt uweh rwtrque0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0'u 6;, 83, 3;98;
afqrtef 3;98; Ao0 S0J0T0 22/E, 3;9;; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 J0J0T0 93, 3;88; afqrtef
3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8,
h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 60 D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀0´
(a) QTGAPK\AVKQP0´Vhete uha＀＀ be a f�utt�et
eqwtt qh arrea＀ uetx�ni eaeh arre＀＀ate f�utt�et0 Gaeh
f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ uha＀＀ eqnu�ut qh at ＀eaut thtee
�wfieu0 Vhtee �wfieu uha＀＀ eqnu�fet eaeh eaue anf the
eqnewttenee qh twq uha＀＀ be neeeuuat{ tq a fee�u�qn0
(b) JWTKSDKEVKQP0´
(3) D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ uha＀＀ haxe �wt�uf�et�qn tq
heat arrea＀u, that oa{ be ta�en au a oattet qh t�iht,
htqo h�na＀ �wfioentu qt qtfetu qh tt�a＀ eqwttu, �ne＀wf�ni
thque entetef qn tex�ew qh afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn, nqt
f�teet＀{ arrea＀ab＀e tq the uwrteoe eqwtt qt a e�tew�t
eqwtt0 Vhe{ oa{ tex�ew �ntet＀qewtqt{ qtfetu �n uweh
eaueu tq the eztent rtqx�fef b{ tw＀eu afqrtef b{ the
uwrteoe eqwtt0
(2) D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet qh
f�teet tex�ew qh afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn, au rteuet�bef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(5) A f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ qt an{ �wfie theteqh
oa{ �uuwe wt�tu qh habeau eqtrwu tetwtnab＀e behqte the
eqwtt qt an{ �wfie theteqh qt behqte an{ e�tew�t �wfie
w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt0 A f�utt�et
eqwtt qh arrea＀ oa{ �uuwe wt�tu qh oanfaowu, eett�qtat�,
rtqh�b�t�qn, qwq wattantq, anf qthet wt�tu neeeuuat{ tq
the eqor＀ete ezete�ue qh �tu �wt�uf�et�qn0 Vq the eztent
neeeuuat{ tq f�urque qh a＀＀ �uuweu �n a eawue rtqret＀{
behqte �t, a f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ oa{ ezete�ue an{ qh
the arre＀＀ate �wt�uf�et�qn qh the e�tew�t eqwttu0
(e) ENGTMS APD MATSJANS0´Gaeh f�utt�et eqwtt
qh arrea＀ uha＀＀ arrq�nt a e＀et� anf a oatuha＀ whq uha＀＀
hq＀f qhh�ee fwt�ni the r＀eauwte qh the eqwtt anf rethqto
uweh fwt�eu au the eqwtt f�teetu0 Vhe�t eqorenuat�qn
uha＀＀ be h�zef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe oatuha＀ uha＀＀ haxe the
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
rqwet tq ezeewte the rtqeeuu qh the eqwtt thtqwihqwt
the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt, anf �n an{ eqwnt{
oa{ ferwt�ze the uhet�hh qt a ferwt{ uhet�hh hqt uweh
rwtrque0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 50 E�tew�t eqwttu0´
(a) QTGAPK\AVKQP0´Vhete uha＀＀ be a e�tew�t eqwtt
uetx�ni eaeh �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�t0
(b) JWTKSDKEVKQP0´Vhe e�tew�t eqwttu uha＀＀ haxe
qt�i�na＀ �wt�uf�et�qn nqt xeutef �n the eqwnt{ eqwttu, anf
�wt�uf�et�qn qh arrea＀u when rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
Vhe{ uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq �uuwe wt�tu qh oanfaowu,
qwq wattantq, eett�qtat�, rtqh�b�t�qn anf habeau eqtrwu,
anf a＀＀ wt�tu neeeuuat{ qt rtqret tq the eqor＀ete
ezete�ue qh the�t �wt�uf�et�qn0 Jwt�uf�et�qn qh the e�tew�t
eqwtt uha＀＀ be wn�hqto thtqwihqwt the utate0 Vhe{ uha＀＀
haxe the rqwet qh f�teet tex�ew qh afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn
rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 80 Eqwnt{ eqwttu0´
(a) QTGAPK\AVKQP0´Vhete uha＀＀ be a eqwnt{
eqwtt �n eaeh eqwnt{0 Vhete uha＀＀ be qne qt oqte �wfieu
hqt eaeh eqwnt{ eqwtt au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(b) JWTKSDKEVKQP0´Vhe eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ ez/
ete�ue the �wt�uf�et�qn rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Sweh
�wt�uf�et�qn uha＀＀ be wn�hqto thtqwihqwt the utate0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 90 Sree�a＀�zef f�x�u�qnu0´A＀＀ eqwttu
ezeert the uwrteoe eqwtt oa{ u�t �n f�x�u�qnu au oa{
be eutab＀�uhef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 A e�tew�t qt eqwnt{ eqwtt
oa{ hq＀f e�x�＀ anf et�o�na＀ tt�a＀u anf heat�niu �n an{
r＀aee w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt au
feu�inatef b{ the eh�eh �wfie qh the e�tew�t0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 80 G＀�i�b�＀�t{0´Pq retuqn uha＀＀ be e＀�i�/
b＀e hqt qhh�ee qh �wut�ee qt �wfie qh an{ eqwtt wn＀euu the
retuqn �u an e＀eetqt qh the utate anf teu�feu �n the
tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt0 Pq �wut�ee qt �wfie
uha＀＀ uetxe ahtet atta�n�ni the aie qh uexent{ {eatu
ezeert wrqn teorqtat{ auu�inoent qt tq eqor＀ete a
teto, qne/ha＀h qh wh�eh hau been uetxef0 Pq retuqn �u
e＀�i�b＀e hqt the qhh�ee qh �wut�ee qh the uwrteoe eqwtt qt
�wfie qh a f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ wn＀euu the retuqn �u,
anf hau been hqt the rteeef�ni ten {eatu, a oeobet qh
the bat qh H＀qt�fa0 Pq retuqn �u e＀�i�b＀e hqt the qhh�ee qh
e�tew�t �wfie wn＀euu the retuqn �u, anf hau been hqt the
rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu, a oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa0
Wn＀euu qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, nq retuqn �u
e＀�i�b＀e hqt the qhh�ee qh eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfie wn＀euu the
retuqn �u, anf hau been hqt the rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu, a
oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa0 Wn＀euu qthetw�ue rtqx�fef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, a retuqn uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e hqt e＀eet�qn qt
arrq�ntoent tq the qhh�ee qh eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfie �n a
eqwnt{ hax�ni a rqrw＀at�qn qh 62,222 qt ＀euu �h the
retuqn �u a oeobet �n iqqf utanf�ni qh the bat qh
H＀qt�fa0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 59, 3;86; afqrtef 3;86
(ehheet�xe Jw＀{ 3, 3;85); Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn,
Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
39
ATVKENG V
SGEVKQP ;0 Deteto�nat�qn qh nwobet qh �wfieu0
Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ eutab＀�uh b{ tw＀e wn�hqto
et�tet�a hqt the feteto�nat�qn qh the neef hqt aff�t�qna＀
�wfieu ezeert uwrteoe eqwtt �wut�eeu, the neeeuu�t{ hqt
feeteau�ni the nwobet qh �wfieu anf hqt �neteau�ni,
feeteau�ni qt tefeh�n�ni arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu anf �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�tu0 Kh the uwrteoe eqwtt h�nfu that a neef ez�utu hqt
�neteau�ni qt feeteau�ni the nwobet qh �wfieu qt
�neteau�ni, feeteau�ni qt tefeh�n�ni arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu
anf �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, �t uha＀＀, rt�qt tq the nezt teiw＀at
ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, eett�h{ tq the ＀ei�u＀atwte �tu
h�nf�niu anf teeqooenfat�qnu eqneetn�ni uweh neef0
Wrqn teee�rt qh uweh eett�h�eate, the ＀ei�u＀atwte, at the
nezt teiw＀at ueuu�qn, uha＀＀ eqnu�fet the h�nf�niu anf
teeqooenfat�qnu anf oa{ te�eet the teeqooenfat�qnu
qt b{ ＀aw �or＀eoent the teeqooenfat�qnu �n whq＀e qt �n
ratt; rtqx�fef the ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ eteate oqte �wf�e�a＀
qhh�eeu than ate teeqooenfef b{ the uwrteoe eqwtt qt
oa{ feeteaue the nwobet qh �wf�e�a＀ qhh�eeu b{ a iteatet
nwobet than teeqooenfef b{ the eqwtt qn＀{ wrqn a
h�nf�ni qh twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetuh�r qh bqth hqwueu
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, that uweh a neef ez�utu0 A feeteaue �n
the nwobet qh �wfieu uha＀＀ be ehheet�xe qn＀{ ahtet the
ezr�tat�qn qh a teto0 Kh the uwrteoe eqwtt ha�＀u tq oa�e
h�nf�niu au rtqx�fef abqxe when neef ez�utu, the
＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ b{ eqnewttent teuq＀wt�qn teqweut the
eqwtt tq eett�h{ �tu h�nf�niu anf teeqooenfat�qnu anf
wrqn the ha�＀wte qh the eqwtt tq eett�h{ �tu h�nf�niu hqt n�ne
eqnueewt�xe oqnthu, the ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{, wrqn a h�nf�ni
qh twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetuh�r qh bqth hqwueu qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte that a neef ez�utu, �neteaue qt feeteaue the
nwobet qh �wfieu qt �neteaue, feeteaue qt tefeh�ne
arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu anf �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 320 Tetent�qn; e＀eet�qn anf tetou0´
(a) An{ �wut�ee qt �wfie oa{ qwa＀�h{ hqt tetent�qn b{ a
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu �n the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn nezt
rteeef�ni the ezr�tat�qn qh the �wut�ee'u qt �wfie'u
teto �n the oannet rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Kh a �wut�ee qt
�wfie �u �ne＀�i�b＀e qt ha�＀u tq qwa＀�h{ hqt tetent�qn, a
xaeane{ uha＀＀ ez�ut �n that qhh�ee wrqn the ezr�tat�qn qh
the teto be�ni uetxef b{ the �wut�ee qt �wfie0 Yhen a
�wut�ee qt �wfie uq qwa＀�h�eu, the ba＀＀qt uha＀＀ teaf
uwbutant�a＀＀{ au hq＀＀qwu< ¬Sha＀＀ Jwut�ee (qt Jwfie)
(naoe qh �wut�ee qt �wfie) qh the (naoe qh the eqwtt) be teta�nef
�n qhh�eeA¹ Kh a oa�qt�t{ qh the qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu xqt�ni
w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt xqte tq teta�n,
the �wut�ee qt �wfie uha＀＀ be teta�nef hqt a teto qh u�z
{eatu0 Vhe teto qh the �wut�ee qt �wfie teta�nef uha＀＀
eqooenee qn the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n
Janwat{ hq＀＀qw�ni the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn0 Kh a oa�qt�t{ qh
the qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu xqt�ni w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�e/
t�qn qh the eqwtt xqte tq nqt teta�n, a xaeane{ uha＀＀ ez�ut
�n that qhh�ee wrqn the ezr�tat�qn qh the teto be�ni
uetxef b{ the �wut�ee qt �wfie0
(b)(3) Vhe e＀eet�qn qh e�tew�t �wfieu uha＀＀ be rte/
uetxef nqtw�thutanf�ni the rtqx�u�qnu qh uwbueet�qn (a)
wn＀euu a oa�qt�t{ qh thque xqt�ni �n the �wt�uf�et�qn qh that
e�tew�t arrtqxeu a ＀qea＀ qrt�qn tq ue＀eet e�tew�t �wfieu b{
oet�t ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn tathet than b{ e＀eet�qn0
Vhe e＀eet�qn qh e�tew�t �wfieu uha＀＀ be b{ a xqte qh the
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the
eqwtt0
(2) Vhe e＀eet�qn qh eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu uha＀＀ be
rteuetxef nqtw�thutanf�ni the rtqx�u�qnu qh uwbueet�qn
(a) wn＀euu a oa�qt�t{ qh thque xqt�ni �n the �wt�uf�et�qn qh
that eqwnt{ arrtqxeu a ＀qea＀ qrt�qn tq ue＀eet eqwnt{
�wfieu b{ oet�t ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn tathet than b{
e＀eet�qn0 Vhe e＀eet�qn qh eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu uha＀＀ be b{
a xqte qh the qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀
�wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt0
(5)a0 A xqte tq ezete�ue a ＀qea＀ qrt�qn tq ue＀eet
e�tew�t eqwtt �wfieu anf eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu b{ oet�t
ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn tathet than b{ e＀eet�qn uha＀＀ be
he＀f �n eaeh e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ at the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn �n
the {eat 22220 Kh a xqte tq ezete�ue th�u ＀qea＀ qrt�qn ha�＀u
�n a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, uweh qrt�qn uha＀＀ nqt aia�n be
rwt tq a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh that �wt�uf�et�qn wnt�＀ the
ezr�tat�qn qh at ＀eaut twq {eatu0
b0 Ahtet the {eat 2222, a e�tew�t oa{ �n�t�ate the ＀qea＀
qrt�qn hqt oet�t ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn qt the e＀eet�qn qh
e�tew�t �wfieu, wh�ehexet �u arr＀�eab＀e, b{ h�＀�ni w�th the
ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu a ret�t�qn u�inef b{ the
nwobet qh e＀eetqtu eqwa＀ tq at ＀eaut ten reteent qh the
xqteu eaut �n the e�tew�t �n the ＀aut rteeef�ni e＀eet�qn �n
wh�eh rteu�fent�a＀ e＀eetqtu wete ehquen0
e0 Ahtet the {eat 2222, a eqwnt{ oa{ �n�t�ate the
＀qea＀ qrt�qn hqt oet�t ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn qt the
e＀eet�qn qh eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu, wh�ehexet �u arr＀�eab＀e,
b{ h�＀�ni w�th the uwretx�uqt qh e＀eet�qnu a ret�t�qn u�inef
b{ the nwobet qh e＀eetqtu eqwa＀ tq at ＀eaut ten reteent qh
the xqteu eaut �n the eqwnt{ �n the ＀aut rteeef�ni e＀eet�qn
�n wh�eh rteu�fent�a＀ e＀eetqtu wete ehquen0 Vhe tetou qh
e�tew�t �wfieu anf �wfieu qh eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ be hqt u�z
{eatu0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0'u 6;, 83, 3;98;
afqrtef 3;98; Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0
9 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 330 Vaeane�eu0´
(a) Yhenexet a xaeane{ qeewtu �n a �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee tq
wh�eh e＀eet�qn hqt tetent�qn arr＀�eu, the iqxetnqt uha＀＀
h�＀＀ the xaeane{ b{ arrq�nt�ni hqt a teto enf�ni qn the
h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n Janwat{ qh the
{eat hq＀＀qw�ni the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn qeewtt�ni at
＀eaut qne {eat ahtet the fate qh arrq�ntoent, qne qh nqt
hewet than thtee retuqnu nqt oqte than u�z retuqnu
nqo�natef b{ the arrtqrt�ate �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqo/
o�uu�qn0
(b) Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ h�＀＀ eaeh xaeane{ qn a e�tew�t
eqwtt qt qn a eqwnt{ eqwtt, whete�n the �wfieu ate
e＀eetef b{ a oa�qt�t{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, b{ arrq�nt�ni
hqt a teto enf�ni qn the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut
Mqnfa{ �n Janwat{ qh the {eat hq＀＀qw�ni the nezt
rt�oat{ anf ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn qeewtt�ni at ＀eaut qne
{eat ahtet the fate qh arrq�ntoent, qne qh nqt hewet than
thtee retuqnu nqt oqte than u�z retuqnu nqo�natef b{
the arrtqrt�ate �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn0 An
e＀eet�qn uha＀＀ be he＀f tq h�＀＀ that �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee hqt the
teto qh the qhh�ee bei�nn�ni at the enf qh the arrq�ntef
teto0
(e) Vhe nqo�nat�qnu uha＀＀ be oafe w�th�n th�tt{ fa{u
htqo the qeewttenee qh a xaeane{ wn＀euu the ret�qf �u
eztenfef b{ the iqxetnqt hqt a t�oe nqt tq ezeeef th�tt{
fa{u0 Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ oa�e the arrq�ntoent w�th�n
38
ATVKENG V
u�zt{ fa{u ahtet the nqo�nat�qnu haxe been eett�h�ef tq
the iqxetnqt0
(f) Vhete uha＀＀ be a ueratate �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni
eqoo�uu�qn au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw hqt the uwrteoe
eqwtt, eaeh f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀, anf eaeh �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�t hqt a＀＀ tt�a＀ eqwttu w�th�n the e�tew�t0 Wn�hqto tw＀eu
qh rtqeefwte uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef b{ the �wf�e�a＀
nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu at eaeh ＀exe＀ qh the eqwtt
u{uteo0 Sweh tw＀eu, qt an{ ratt theteqh, oa{ be
terea＀ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw enaetef b{ a oa�qt�t{ xqte qh
the oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, qt b{
the uwrteoe eqwtt, h�xe �wut�eeu eqnewtt�ni0 Gzeert hqt
fe＀�betat�qnu qh the �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu,
the rtqeeef�niu qh the eqoo�uu�qnu anf the�t teeqtfu
uha＀＀ be qren tq the rwb＀�e0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0'u 6;, 83, 3;98;
afqrtef 3;98; Ao0 J0J0T0 3382, 3;86; afqrtef 3;86; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 ;98, 3;;8;
afqrtef 3;;8; Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0
9 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 320 D�ue�r＀�ne; teoqxa＀ anf tet�te/
oent0´
(a) JWDKEKAN SWANKHKEAVKQPS EQMMKSSKQP0´
A �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn �u eteatef0
(3) Vhete uha＀＀ be a �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�u/
u�qn xeutef w�th �wt�uf�et�qn tq �nxeut�iate anf teeqo/
oenf tq the Swrteoe Eqwtt qh H＀qt�fa the teoqxa＀ htqo
qhh�ee qh an{ �wut�ee qt �wfie whque eqnfwet, fwt�ni teto
qh qhh�ee qt qthetw�ue qeewtt�ni qn qt ahtet Pqxeobet 3,
3;88, (w�thqwt teiatf tq the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u
ueet�qn) feoqnuttateu a rteuent wnh�tneuu tq hq＀f qhh�ee,
anf tq �nxeut�iate anf teeqooenf the f�ue�r＀�ne qh a
�wut�ee qt �wfie whque eqnfwet, fwt�ni teto qh qhh�ee qt
qthetw�ue qeewtt�ni qn qt ahtet Pqxeobet 3, 3;88
(w�thqwt teiatf tq the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u ueet�qn),
wattantu uweh f�ue�r＀�ne0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn,
f�ue�r＀�ne �u feh�nef au an{ qt a＀＀ qh the hq＀＀qw�ni<
tert�oanf, h�ne, uwurenu�qn w�th qt w�thqwt ra{, qt
＀aw{et f�ue�r＀�ne0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ haxe �wt�uf�e/
t�qn qxet �wut�eeu anf �wfieu teiatf�ni a＀＀eiat�qnu that
o�ueqnfwet qeewttef behqte qt fwt�ni uetx�ee au a
�wut�ee qt �wfie �h a eqor＀a�nt �u oafe nq ＀atet than qne
{eat hq＀＀qw�ni uetx�ee au a �wut�ee qt �wfie0 Vhe
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ haxe �wt�uf�et�qn teiatf�ni a＀＀eiat�qnu
qh �nearae�t{ fwt�ni uetx�ee au a �wut�ee qt �wfie0 Vhe
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh<
a0 Vwq �wfieu qh f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ ue＀eetef
b{ the �wfieu qh thque eqwttu, twq e�tew�t �wfieu ue＀eetef
b{ the �wfieu qh the e�tew�t eqwttu anf twq �wfieu qh
eqwnt{ eqwttu ue＀eetef b{ the �wfieu qh thque eqwttu;
b0 Hqwt e＀eetqtu whq teu�fe �n the utate, whq ate
oeobetu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa, anf whq uha＀＀ be ehquen
b{ the iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa; anf
e0 H�xe e＀eetqtu whq teu�fe �n the utate, whq haxe
nexet he＀f �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee qt been oeobetu qh the bat qh
H＀qt�fa, anf whq uha＀＀ be arrq�ntef b{ the iqxetnqt0
(2) Vhe oeobetu qh the �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqo/
o�uu�qn uha＀＀ uetxe utaiietef tetou, nqt tq ezeeef u�z
{eatu, au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Pq oeobet qh the
eqoo�uu�qn ezeert a �wfie uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e hqt utate
�wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee wh�＀e aet�ni au a oeobet qh the eqoo�u/
u�qn anf hqt a ret�qf qh twq {eatu theteahtet0 Pq
oeobet qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ hq＀f qhh�ee �n a rq＀�t�ea＀
ratt{ qt ratt�e�rate �n an{ eaora�in hqt �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee qt
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
hq＀f rwb＀�e qhh�ee; rtqx�fef that a �wfie oa{ eaora�in
hqt �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee anf hq＀f that qhh�ee0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ e＀eet qne qh �tu oeobetu au �tu eha�tretuqn0
(5) Meobetu qh the �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�u/
u�qn nqt uwb�eet tq �oreaehoent uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq
teoqxa＀ htqo the eqoo�uu�qn rwtuwant tq the rtqx�u�qnu
qh Att�e＀e KV, Seet�qn 9, H＀qt�fa Eqnut�twt�qn0
(6) Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ afqrt tw＀eu teiw＀at�ni �tu
rtqeeef�niu, the h�＀＀�ni qh xaeane�eu b{ the arrq�nt�ni
awthqt�t�eu, the f�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn qh oeobetu, the tqtat�qn
qh oeobetu between the rane＀u, anf the teorqtat{
ter＀aeeoent qh f�uqwa＀�h�ef qt �nearae�tatef oeobetu0
Vhe eqoo�uu�qn'u tw＀eu, qt an{ ratt theteqh, oa{ be
terea＀ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw enaetef b{ a oa�qt�t{ xqte qh
the oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, qt b{
the uwrteoe eqwtt, h�xe �wut�eeu eqnewtt�ni0 Vhe eqo/
o�uu�qn uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq �uuwe uwbrqenau0 Wnt�＀
hqtoa＀ ehatieu aia�nut a �wut�ee qt �wfie ate h�＀ef b{ the
�nxeut�iat�xe rane＀ w�th the e＀et� qh the uwrteoe eqwtt qh
H＀qt�fa a＀＀ rtqeeef�niu b{ qt behqte the eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ be eqnh�fent�a＀; rtqx�fef, hqwexet, wrqn a h�nf�ni
qh rtqbab＀e eawue anf the h�＀�ni b{ the �nxeut�iat�xe
rane＀ w�th ua�f e＀et� qh uweh hqtoa＀ ehatieu aia�nut a
�wut�ee qt �wfie uweh ehatieu anf a＀＀ hwtthet rtqeeef/
�niu behqte the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be rwb＀�e0
(5) Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ haxe aeeeuu tq a＀＀ �nhqt/
oat�qn htqo a＀＀ ezeewt�xe, ＀ei�u＀at�xe anf �wf�e�a＀
aiene�eu, �ne＀wf�ni itanf �wt�eu, uwb�eet tq the tw＀eu
qh the eqoo�uu�qn0 At an{ t�oe, qn teqweut qh the
urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu qt the iqxetnqt,
the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ oa�e axa�＀ab＀e a＀＀ �nhqtoat�qn �n
the rquueuu�qn qh the eqoo�uu�qn hqt wue �n eqnu�feta/
t�qn qh �oreaehoent qt uwurenu�qn, teureet�xe＀{0
(b) PAPGNS0´Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be f�x�fef �ntq
an �nxeut�iat�xe rane＀ anf a heat�ni rane＀ au eutab/
＀�uhef b{ tw＀e qh the eqoo�uu�qn0 Vhe �nxeut�iat�xe
rane＀ �u xeutef w�th the �wt�uf�et�qn tq teee�xe qt �n�t�ate
eqor＀a�ntu, eqnfwet �nxeut�iat�qnu, f�uo�uu eqor＀a�ntu,
anf wrqn a xqte qh a u�or＀e oa�qt�t{ qh the rane＀ uwbo�t
hqtoa＀ ehatieu tq the heat�ni rane＀0 Vhe heat�ni rane＀
�u xeutef w�th the awthqt�t{ tq teee�xe anf heat hqtoa＀
ehatieu htqo the �nxeut�iat�xe rane＀ anf wrqn a twq/
th�tfu xqte qh the rane＀ teeqooenf tq the uwrteoe
eqwtt the teoqxa＀ qh a �wut�ee qt �wfie qt the �nxq＀wntat{
tet�teoent qh a �wut�ee qt �wfie hqt an{ retoanent
f�uab�＀�t{ that uet�qwu＀{ �ntetheteu w�th the rethqtoanee
qh �wf�e�a＀ fwt�eu0 Wrqn a u�or＀e oa�qt�t{ xqte qh the
oeobetuh�r qh the heat�ni rane＀, the rane＀ oa{
teeqooenf tq the uwrteoe eqwtt that the �wut�ee qt
�wfie be uwb�eet tq arrtqrt�ate f�ue�r＀�ne0
(e) SWPTGMG EQWTV0´Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀
teee�xe teeqooenfat�qnu htqo the �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�ea/
t�qnu eqoo�uu�qn'u heat�ni rane＀0
(3) Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt oa{ aeeert, te�eet, qt oqf�h{
�n whq＀e qt �n ratt the h�nf�niu, eqne＀wu�qnu, anf
teeqooenfat�qnu qh the eqoo�uu�qn anf �t oa{ qtfet
that the �wut�ee qt �wfie be uwb�eetef tq arrtqrt�ate
f�ue�r＀�ne, qt be teoqxef htqo qhh�ee w�th teto�nat�qn qh
eqorenuat�qn hqt w�＀＀hw＀ qt retu�utent ha�＀wte tq rethqto
�wf�e�a＀ fwt�eu qt hqt qthet eqnfwet wnbeeqo�ni a
oeobet qh the �wf�e�at{ feoqnuttat�ni a rteuent
wnh�tneuu tq hq＀f qhh�ee, qt be �nxq＀wntat�＀{ tet�tef hqt
an{ retoanent f�uab�＀�t{ that uet�qwu＀{ �ntetheteu w�th
3;
ATVKENG V
the rethqtoanee qh �wf�e�a＀ fwt�eu0 Ma＀ah�feu, ue�entet qt
oqta＀ twtr�twfe qn the ratt qh a �wut�ee qt �wfie uha＀＀ nqt
be teqw�tef hqt teoqxa＀ htqo qhh�ee qh a �wut�ee qt �wfie
whque eqnfwet feoqnuttateu a rteuent wnh�tneuu tq
hq＀f qhh�ee0 Ahtet the h�＀�ni qh a hqtoa＀ rtqeeef�ni anf
wrqn teqweut qh the �nxeut�iat�xe rane＀, the uwrteoe
eqwtt oa{ uwurenf the �wut�ee qt �wfie htqo qhh�ee, w�th
qt w�thqwt eqorenuat�qn, renf�ni h�na＀ feteto�nat�qn qh
the �nqw�t{0
(2) Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt oa{ awatf equtu tq the
rtexa�＀�ni ratt{0
(f) Vhe rqwet qh teoqxa＀ eqnhettef b{ th�u ueet�qn
uha＀＀ be bqth a＀tetnat�xe anf ewow＀at�xe tq the rqwet qh
�oreaehoent0
(e) Pqtw�thutanf�ni an{ qh the hqteiq�ni rtqx�u�qnu
qh th�u ueet�qn, �h the retuqn whq �u the uwb�eet qh
rtqeeef�niu b{ the �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn �u
a �wut�ee qh the uwrteoe eqwtt qh H＀qt�fa a＀＀ �wut�eeu qh
uweh eqwtt awtqoat�ea＀＀{ uha＀＀ be f�uqwa＀�h�ef tq u�t au
�wut�eeu qh uweh eqwtt w�th teureet tq a＀＀ rtqeeef�niu
thete�n eqneetn�ni uweh retuqn anf the uwrteoe eqwtt
hqt uweh rwtrqueu uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh a rane＀
eqnu�ut�ni qh the uexen eh�eh �wfieu qh the �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�tu qh the utate qh H＀qt�fa oqut uen�qt �n tenwte qh
�wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee au e�tew�t �wfie0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh feteto�n/
�ni uen�qt�t{ qh uweh e�tew�t �wfieu �n the exent thete be
�wfieu qh eqwa＀ tenwte �n �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee au e�tew�t �wfie
the �wfie qt �wfieu htqo the ＀qwet nwobetef e�tew�t qt
e�tew�tu uha＀＀ be feeoef uen�qt0 Kn the exent an{ uweh
eh�eh e�tew�t �wfie �u wnfet �nxeut�iat�qn b{ the �wf�e�a＀
qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn qt �u qthetw�ue f�uqwa＀�h�ef qt
wnab＀e tq uetxe qn the rane＀, the nezt oqut uen�qt eh�eh
e�tew�t �wfie qt �wfieu uha＀＀ uetxe �n r＀aee qh uweh
f�uqwa＀�h�ef qt f�uab＀ef eh�eh e�tew�t �wfie0
(h) SEJGDWNG VQ SGEVKQP 320´
(3) Gzeert tq the eztent �neqnu�utent w�th the rtqx�/
u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn, a＀＀ rtqx�u�qnu qh ＀aw anf tw＀eu qh
eqwtt �n hqtee qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀
eqnt�nwe �n ehheet wnt�＀ uwretuefef �n the oannet
awthqt�zef b{ the eqnut�twt�qn0
(2) Ahtet th�u ueet�qn beeqoeu ehheet�xe anf wnt�＀
afqrtef b{ tw＀e qh the eqoo�uu�qn eqnu�utent w�th �t<
a0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be f�x�fef, au feteto�nef
b{ the eha�tretuqn, �ntq qne �nxeut�iat�xe rane＀ anf qne
heat�ni rane＀ tq oeet the teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu uet hqtth �n th�u
ueet�qn0
b0 Vhe �nxeut�iat�xe rane＀ uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh<
30 Hqwt �wfieu,
20 Vwq oeobetu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa, anf
50 Vhtee nqn/＀aw{etu0
e0 Vhe heat�ni rane＀ uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh<
30 Vwq �wfieu,
20 Vwq oeobetu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa, anf
50 Vwq nqn/＀aw{etu0
f0 Meobetuh�r qn the rane＀u oa{ tqtate �n a
oannet feteto�nef b{ the tw＀eu qh the eqoo�uu�qn
rtqx�fef that nq oeobet uha＀＀ xqte au a oeobet qh the
�nxeut�iat�xe anf heat�ni rane＀ qn the uaoe rtqeeef/
�ni0
e0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ h�te ueratate utahh hqt eaeh
rane＀0
h0 Vhe oeobetu qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ uetxe hqt
utaiietef tetou qh u�z {eatu0
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
i0 Vhe tetou qh qhh�ee qh the rteuent oeobetu qh the
�wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ ezr�te wrqn the
ehheet�xe fate qh the aoenfoentu tq th�u ueet�qn
arrtqxef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte fwt�ni the teiw＀at ueuu�qn
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n 3;;8 anf new oeobetu uha＀＀ be
arrq�ntef tq uetxe the hq＀＀qw�ni utaiietef tetou<
30 Gtqwr K0´Vhe tetou qh h�xe oeobetu, eqorquef
qh twq e＀eetqtu au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)e0 qh Att�e＀e V,
qne oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa au uet hqtth �n u0
32(a)(3)b0 qh Att�e＀e V, qne �wfie htqo the f�utt�et eqwttu
qh arrea＀ anf qne e�tew�t �wfie au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)
a0 qh Att�e＀e V, uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Deeeobet 53, 3;;80
20 Gtqwr KK0´Vhe tetou qh h�xe oeobetu, eqo/
rquef qh qne e＀eetqt au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)e0 qh
Att�e＀e V, twq oeobetu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa au uet hqtth
�n u0 32(a)(3)b0 qh Att�e＀e V, qne e�tew�t �wfie anf qne
eqwnt{ �wfie au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)a0 qh Att�e＀e V uha＀＀
ezr�te qn Deeeobet 53, 22220
50 Gtqwr KKK0´Vhe tetou qh h�xe oeobetu, eqo/
rquef qh twq e＀eetqtu au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)e0 qh
Att�e＀e V, qne oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa au uet hqtth �n
u0 32(a)(3)b0, qne �wfie htqo the f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀
anf qne eqwnt{ �wfie au uet hqtth �n u0 32(a)(3)a0 qh
Att�e＀e V, uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Deeeobet 53, 22220
h0 An arrq�ntoent tq h�＀＀ a xaeane{ qh the eqoo�u/
u�qn uha＀＀ be hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto0
�0
Se＀eet�qn qh oeobetu b{ f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀
�wfieu, e�tew�t �wfieu, anf eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu, uha＀＀ be
b{ nq ＀euu than a oa�qt�t{ qh the oeobetu xqt�ni at the
teureet�xe eqwttu' eqnheteneeu0 Se＀eet�qn qh oeobetu
b{ the bqatf qh iqxetnqtu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa uha＀＀ be
b{ nq ＀euu than a oa�qt�t{ qh the bqatf0
�0
Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq teeqxet the
equtu qh �nxeut�iat�qn anf rtqueewt�qn, �n aff�t�qn tq an{
rena＀t{ ＀ex�ef b{ the uwrteoe eqwtt0
�0 Vhe eqorenuat�qn qh oeobetu anf teheteeu
uha＀＀ be the ttaxe＀ ezrenueu qt ttanurqttat�qn anf ret
f�eo a＀＀qwanee au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 5;33, 3;96; afqrtef
3;96; Ao0 J0J0T0 392;, 3;95; afqrtef 3;98; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 ;98, 3;;8; afqrtef
3;;8; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 9, 3;;8,
h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 350 Ptqh�b�tef aet�x�t�eu0´A＀＀ �wut�eeu
anf �wfieu uha＀＀ fexqte hw＀＀ t�oe tq the�t �wf�e�a＀ fwt�eu0
Vhe{ uha＀＀ nqt eniaie �n the rtaet�ee qh ＀aw qt hq＀f
qhh�ee �n an{ rq＀�t�ea＀ ratt{0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 360 Hwnf�ni0´
(a) A＀＀ �wut�eeu anf �wfieu uha＀＀ be eqorenuatef
qn＀{ b{ utate ua＀at�eu h�zef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Hwnf�ni hqt
the utate eqwttu u{uteo, utate attqtne{u' qhh�eeu, rwb＀�e
fehenfetu' qhh�eeu, anf eqwtt/arrq�ntef eqwnue＀, ezeert
au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef �n uwbueet�qn (e), uha＀＀ be
rtqx�fef htqo utate texenweu arrtqrt�atef b{ ieneta＀
＀aw0
(b) A＀＀ hwnf�ni hqt the qhh�eeu qh the e＀et�u qh the
e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ eqwttu rethqto�ni eqwtt/te＀atef hwne/
t�qnu, ezeert au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn
anf uwbueet�qn (e), uha＀＀ be rtqx�fef b{ afeqwate anf
arrtqrt�ate h�＀�ni heeu hqt �wf�e�a＀ rtqeeef�niu anf
uetx�ee ehatieu anf equtu hqt rethqto�ni eqwtt/te＀atef
hwnet�qnu au teqw�tef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Se＀eetef ua＀at�eu,
22
ATVKENG V
equtu, anf ezrenueu qh the utate eqwttu u{uteo oa{ be
hwnfef htqo arrtqrt�ate h�＀�ni heeu hqt �wf�e�a＀ rtqeeef/
�niu anf uetx�ee ehatieu anf equtu hqt rethqto�ni
eqwtt/te＀atef hwnet�qnu, au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
Yhete the teqw�teoentu qh e�thet the Wn�tef Stateu
Eqnut�twt�qn qt the Eqnut�twt�qn qh the State qh H＀qt�fa
rtee＀wfe the �orqu�t�qn qh h�＀�ni heeu hqt �wf�e�a＀ rtq/
eeef�niu anf uetx�ee ehatieu anf equtu hqt rethqto�ni
eqwtt/te＀atef hwnet�qnu uwhh�e�ent tq hwnf the eqwtt/
te＀atef hwnet�qnu qh the qhh�eeu qh the e＀et�u qh the e�tew�t
anf eqwnt{ eqwttu, the utate uha＀＀ rtqx�fe, au fetet/
o�nef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte, afeqwate anf arrtqrt�ate
uwrr＀eoenta＀ hwnf�ni htqo utate texenweu arrtqrt�atef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(e) Pq eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{, ezeert au rtqx�fef �n
th�u uwbueet�qn, uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq rtqx�fe an{ hwnf�ni
hqt the utate eqwttu u{uteo, utate attqtne{u' qhh�eeu,
rwb＀�e fehenfetu' qhh�eeu, eqwtt/arrq�ntef eqwnue＀ qt the
qhh�eeu qh the e＀et�u qh the e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ eqwttu
rethqto�ni eqwtt/te＀atef hwnet�qnu0 Eqwnt�eu uha＀＀ be
teqw�tef tq hwnf the equt qh eqoown�eat�qnu uetx�eeu,
ez�ut�ni taf�q u{uteou, ez�ut�ni ow＀t�/aiene{ et�o�na＀
�wut�ee �nhqtoat�qn u{uteou, anf the equt qh eqnuttwet�qn
qt ＀eaue, oa�ntenanee, wt�＀�t�eu, anf ueewt�t{ qh hae�＀�t�eu
hqt the tt�a＀ eqwttu, rwb＀�e fehenfetu' qhh�eeu, utate
attqtne{u' qhh�eeu, anf the qhh�eeu qh the e＀et�u qh the
e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ eqwttu rethqto�ni eqwtt/te＀atef hwne/
t�qnu0 Eqwnt�eu uha＀＀ a＀uq ra{ teauqnab＀e anf neeeu/
uat{ ua＀at�eu, equtu, anf ezrenueu qh the utate eqwttu
u{uteo tq oeet ＀qea＀ teqw�teoentu au feteto�nef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(f) Vhe �wf�e�at{ uha＀＀ haxe nq rqwet tq h�z arrtq/
rt�at�qnu0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 9, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5,
3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 350 Attqtne{u; afo�uu�qn anf f�ue�/
r＀�ne0´Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ haxe eze＀wu�xe �wt/
�uf�et�qn tq teiw＀ate the afo�uu�qn qh retuqnu tq the
rtaet�ee qh ＀aw anf the f�ue�r＀�ne qh retuqnu afo�ttef0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 380 E＀et�u qh the e�tew�t eqwttu0´
Vhete uha＀＀ be �n eaeh eqwnt{ a e＀et� qh the e�tew�t
eqwtt whq uha＀＀ be ue＀eetef rwtuwant tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh
Att�e＀e VKKK ueet�qn 30 Pqtw�thutanf�ni an{ qthet rtqx�/
u�qn qh the eqnut�twt�qn, the fwt�eu qh the e＀et� qh the
e�tew�t eqwtt oa{ be f�x�fef b{ uree�a＀ qt ieneta＀ ＀aw
between twq qhh�eetu, qne uetx�ni au e＀et� qh eqwtt anf
qne uetx�ni au ez qhh�e�q e＀et� qh the bqatf qh eqwnt{
eqoo�uu�qnetu, awf�tqt, teeqtfet, anf ewutqf�an qh a＀＀
eqwnt{ hwnfu0 Vhete oa{ be a e＀et� qh the eqwnt{ eqwtt �h
awthqt�zef b{ ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 390 State attqtne{u0´Kn eaeh �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�t a utate attqtne{ uha＀＀ be e＀eetef hqt a teto qh hqwt
{eatu0 Gzeert au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef �n th�u eqnut�twt�qn,
the utate attqtne{ uha＀＀ be the rtqueewt�ni qhh�eet qh a＀＀
tt�a＀ eqwttu �n that e�tew�t anf uha＀＀ rethqto qthet fwt�eu
rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw; rtqx�fef, hqwexet, when
awthqt�zef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, the x�q＀at�qnu qh a＀＀ own�e�ra＀
qtf�naneeu oa{ be rtqueewtef b{ own�e�ra＀
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
rtqueewtqtu0 A utate attqtne{ uha＀＀ be an e＀eetqt qh the
utate anf teu�fe �n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the e�tew�t;
uha＀＀ be anf haxe been a oeobet qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa
hqt the rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu; uha＀＀ fexqte hw＀＀ t�oe tq the
fwt�eu qh the qhh�ee; anf uha＀＀ nqt eniaie �n the rt�xate
rtaet�ee qh ＀aw0 State attqtne{u uha＀＀ arrq�nt uweh
auu�utant utate attqtne{u au oa{ be awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 588, 3;85; afqrtef
3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8,
h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 380 Pwb＀�e fehenfetu0´Kn eaeh �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�t a rwb＀�e fehenfet uha＀＀ be e＀eetef hqt a teto qh
hqwt {eatu, whq uha＀＀ rethqto fwt�eu rteuet�bef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 A rwb＀�e fehenfet uha＀＀ be an e＀eetqt qh the
utate anf teu�fe �n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the e�tew�t
anf uha＀＀ be anf haxe been a oeobet qh the Dat qh
H＀qt�fa hqt the rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu0 Pwb＀�e fehenfetu
uha＀＀ arrq�nt uweh auu�utant rwb＀�e fehenfetu au oa{ be
awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 3;0 Jwf�e�a＀ qhh�eetu au eqnuetxatqtu
qh the reaee0´A＀＀ �wf�e�a＀ qhh�eetu �n th�u utate uha＀＀ be
eqnuetxatqtu qh the reaee0
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 220 Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e V0´
(a) Vh�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ ter＀aee a＀＀ qh Att�e＀e V qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, wh�eh uha＀＀ then
utanf terea＀ef0
(b) Gzeert tq the eztent �neqnu�utent w�th the rtqx�/
u�qnu qh th�u att�e＀e, a＀＀ rtqx�u�qnu qh ＀aw anf tw＀eu qh
eqwtt �n hqtee qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀
eqnt�nwe �n ehheet wnt�＀ uwretuefef �n the oannet
awthqt�zef b{ the eqnut�twt�qn0
(e) Ahtet th�u att�e＀e beeqoeu ehheet�xe, anf wnt�＀
ehanief b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw eqnu�utent w�th ueet�qnu 3
thtqwih 3; qh th�u att�e＀e<
(3) Vhe uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀ haxe the �wt�uf�et�qn
�ooef�ate＀{ thetetqhqte ezete�uef b{ �t, anf �t uha＀＀
feteto�ne a＀＀ rtqeeef�niu renf�ni behqte �t qn the
ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e0
(2) Vhe arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu uha＀＀ be thque �n ez�utenee
qn the fate qh afqrt�qn qh th�u att�e＀e0 Vhete uha＀＀ be a
f�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ �n eaeh f�utt�et0 Vhe f�utt�et eqwttu
qh arrea＀ uha＀＀ haxe the �wt�uf�et�qn �ooef�ate＀{ thete/
tqhqte ezete�uef b{ the f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ anf uha＀＀
feteto�ne a＀＀ rtqeeef�niu renf�ni behqte theo qn the
ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e0
(5) E�tew�t eqwttu uha＀＀ haxe �wt�uf�et�qn qh arrea＀u
htqo eqwnt{ eqwttu anf own�e�ra＀ eqwttu, ezeert thque
arrea＀u wh�eh oa{ be ta�en f�teet＀{ tq the uwrteoe
eqwtt; anf the{ uha＀＀ haxe eze＀wu�xe qt�i�na＀ �wt�uf�et�qn
�n a＀＀ aet�qnu at ＀aw nqt eqin�zab＀e b{ the eqwnt{ eqwttu;
qh rtqeeef�niu te＀at�ni tq the uett＀eoent qh the eutate qh
feeefentu anf o�nqtu, the itant�ni qh ＀ettetu teutaoen/
tat{, iwatf�anuh�r, �nxq＀wntat{ hqur�ta＀�zat�qn, the fe/
teto�nat�qn qh �neqoretene{, anf qthet �wt�uf�et�qn
wuwa＀＀{ retta�n�ni tq eqwttu qh rtqbate; �n a＀＀ eaueu �n
eqw�t{ �ne＀wf�ni a＀＀ eaueu te＀at�ni tq �wxen�＀eu; qh a＀＀
he＀qn�eu anf qh a＀＀ o�ufeoeanqtu at�u�ni qwt qh the uaoe
e�tewoutaneeu au a he＀qn{ wh�eh �u a＀uq ehatief; �n a＀＀
23
ATVKENG V
eaueu �nxq＀x�ni ＀eia＀�t{ qh an{ taz auueuuoent qt tq＀＀; �n
the aet�qn qh e�eetoent; anf �n a＀＀ aet�qnu �nxq＀x�ni the
t�t＀eu qt bqwnfat�eu qt t�iht qh rquueuu�qn qh tea＀
rtqrett{0 Vhe e�tew�t eqwtt oa{ �uuwe �n�wnet�qnu0
Vhete uha＀＀ be �wf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu wh�eh uha＀＀ be the �wf�e�a＀
e�tew�tu �n ez�utenee qn the fate qh afqrt�qn qh th�u
att�e＀e0 Vhe eh�eh �wfie qh a e�tew�t oa{ awthqt�ze a
eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfie tq qtfet eoetiene{ hqur�ta＀�zat�qnu
rwtuwant tq Ehartet 93/353, Nawu qh H＀qt�fa, �n the
abuenee htqo the eqwnt{ qh the e�tew�t �wfie anf the
eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfie uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq �uuwe a＀＀
teorqtat{ qtfetu anf teorqtat{ �n�wnet�qnu neeeuuat{
qt rtqret tq the eqor＀ete ezete�ue qh uweh �wt�uf�et�qn0
(6) Eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ haxe qt�i�na＀ �wt�uf�et�qn �n a＀＀
et�o�na＀ o�ufeoeanqt eaueu nqt eqin�zab＀e b{ the
e�tew�t eqwttu, qh a＀＀ x�q＀at�qnu qh own�e�ra＀ anf eqwnt{
qtf�naneeu, anf qh a＀＀ aet�qnu at ＀aw �n wh�eh the oattet
�n eqnttqxetu{ fqeu nqt ezeeef the uwo qh twq thqwuanf
h�xe hwnftef fq＀＀atu (&2,522022) eze＀wu�xe qh �nteteut
anf equtu, ezeert thque w�th�n the eze＀wu�xe �wt�uf�et�qn
qh the e�tew�t eqwttu0 Jwfieu qh eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ be
eqoo�tt�ni oai�uttateu0 Vhe eqwnt{ eqwttu uha＀＀ haxe
�wt�uf�et�qn nqw ezete�uef b{ the eqwnt{ �wfie'u eqwttu
qthet than that xeutef �n the e�tew�t eqwtt b{ uwbueet�qn
(e)(5) heteqh, the �wt�uf�et�qn nqw ezete�uef b{ the
eqwnt{ eqwttu, the e＀a�ou eqwtt, the uoa＀＀ e＀a�ou eqwttu,
the uoa＀＀ e＀a�ou oai�uttateu eqwttu, oai�uttateu eqwttu,
�wut�ee qh the reaee eqwttu, own�e�ra＀ eqwttu anf eqwttu
qh ehattetef eqwnt�eu, �ne＀wf�ni bwt nqt ＀�o�tef tq the
eqwnt�eu tehettef tq �n Att�e＀e VKKK, ueet�qnu ;, 32, 33 anf
26 qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 38850
(5) Gaeh �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be
eqorquef qh the hq＀＀qw�ni<
a0 Vhtee oeobetu arrq�ntef b{ the Dqatf qh
Gqxetnqtu qh Vhe H＀qt�fa Dat htqo aoqni Vhe H＀qt�fa
Dat oeobetu whq ate aet�xe＀{ eniaief �n the rtaet�ee
qh ＀aw w�th qhh�eeu w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�et�qn qh the
ahheetef eqwtt, f�utt�et qt e�tew�t;
b0 Vhtee e＀eetqtu whq teu�fe �n the tett�tqt�a＀
�wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt qt e�tew�t arrq�ntef b{ the
iqxetnqt; anf
e0 Vhtee e＀eetqtu whq teu�fe �n the tett�tqt�a＀
�wt�uf�et�qn qh the eqwtt qt e�tew�t anf whq ate nqt
oeobetu qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa, ue＀eetef anf arrq�ntef
b{ a oa�qt�t{ xqte qh the qthet u�z oeobetu qh the
eqoo�uu�qn0
(8) Pq �wut�ee qt �wfie uha＀＀ be a oeobet qh a �wf�e�a＀
nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn0 A oeobet qh a �wf�e�a＀ nqo�/
nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn oa{ hq＀f rwb＀�e qhh�ee qthet than
�wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee0 Pq oeobet uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e hqt arrq�nt/
oent tq utate �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee uq ＀qni au that retuqn �u a
oeobet qh a �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn anf hqt a
ret�qf qh twq {eatu theteahtet0 A＀＀ aetu qh a �wf�e�a＀
nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be oafe w�th a eqnewt/
tenee qh a oa�qt�t{ qh �tu oeobetu0
(9) Vhe oeobetu qh a �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�u/
u�qn uha＀＀ uetxe hqt a teto qh hqwt {eatu ezeert the tetou
qh the �n�t�a＀ oeobetu qh the �wf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqo/
o�uu�qnu uha＀＀ ezr�te au hq＀＀qwu<
a0 Vhe tetou qh qne oeobet qh eateiqt{ a0 b0 anf e0
�n uwbueet�qn (e)(5) heteqh uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Jw＀{ 3, 3;96;
b0 Vhe tetou qh qne oeobet qh eateiqt{ a0 b0 anf e0
�n uwbueet�qn (e)(5) heteqh uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Jw＀{ 3, 3;95;
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
e0 Vhe tetou qh qne oeobet qh eateiqt{ a0 b0 anf e0
�n uwbueet�qn (e)(5) heteqh uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Jw＀{ 3, 3;98;
(8) A＀＀ h�neu anf hqthe�twteu at�u�ni htqo qhhenueu
tt�ef �n the eqwnt{ eqwtt uha＀＀ be eq＀＀eetef, anf
aeeqwntef hqt b{ e＀et� qh the eqwtt, anf ferqu�tef �n a
uree�a＀ ttwut aeeqwnt0 A＀＀ h�neu anf hqthe�twteu teee�xef
htqo x�q＀at�qnu qh qtf�naneeu qt o�ufeoeanqtu eqo/
o�ttef w�th�n a eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu eqo/
o�ttef w�th�n a own�e�ra＀�t{ w�th�n the tett�tqt�a＀ �wt�uf�e/
t�qn qh the eqwnt{ eqwtt uha＀＀ be ra�f oqnth＀{ tq the
eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ teureet�xe＀{0 Kh an{ equtu ate
auueuuef anf eq＀＀eetef �n eqnneet�qn w�th qhhenueu
tt�ef �n eqwnt{ eqwtt, a＀＀ eqwtt equtu uha＀＀ be ra�f �ntq the
ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf qh the utate qh H＀qt�fa anf uweh
qthet hwnfu au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(;) An{ own�e�ra＀�t{ qt eqwnt{ oa{ arr＀{ tq the eh�eh
�wfie qh the e�tew�t �n wh�eh that own�e�ra＀�t{ qt eqwnt{ �u
u�twatef hqt the eqwnt{ eqwtt tq u�t �n a ＀qeat�qn uw�tab＀e tq
the own�e�ra＀�t{ qt eqwnt{ anf eqnxen�ent �n t�oe anf
r＀aee tq �tu e�t�zenu anf rq＀�ee qhh�eetu anf wrqn uweh
arr＀�eat�qn ua�f eh�eh �wfie uha＀＀ f�teet the eqwtt tq u�t �n
the ＀qeat�qn wn＀euu the eh�eh �wfie uha＀＀ feteto�ne the
teqweut �u nqt �wut�h�ef0 Kh the eh�eh �wfie fqeu nqt
awthqt�ze the eqwnt{ eqwtt tq u�t �n the ＀qeat�qn
teqweutef, the eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ oa{ arr＀{ tq the
uwrteoe eqwtt hqt an qtfet f�teet�ni the eqwnt{ eqwtt tq
u�t �n the ＀qeat�qn0 An{ own�e�ra＀�t{ qt eqwnt{ wh�eh uq
arr＀�eu uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq rtqx�fe the arrtqrt�ate
rh{u�ea＀ hae�＀�t�eu �n wh�eh the eqwnt{ eqwtt oa{ hq＀f
eqwtt0
(32) A＀＀ eqwttu ezeert the uwrteoe eqwtt oa{ u�t �n
f�x�u�qnu au oa{ be eutab＀�uhef b{ ＀qea＀ tw＀e arrtqxef
b{ the uwrteoe eqwtt0
(33) A eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfie �n an{ eqwnt{ hax�ni a
rqrw＀at�qn qh 62,222 qt ＀euu aeeqtf�ni tq the ＀aut
feeenn�a＀ eenuwu, uha＀＀ nqt be teqw�tef tq be a oeobet
qh the bat qh H＀qt�fa0
(32) Mwn�e�ra＀ rtqueewtqtu oa{ rtqueewte x�q＀at�qnu
qh own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu0
(35) Jwut�ee uha＀＀ oean a �wut�ee e＀eetef qt arrq�ntef
tq the uwrteoe eqwtt anf uha＀＀ nqt �ne＀wfe an{ �wfie
auu�inef htqo an{ eqwtt0
(f) Yhen th�u att�e＀e beeqoeu ehheet�xe<
(3) A＀＀ eqwttu nqt hete�n awthqt�zef, ezeert au
rtqx�fef b{ uwbueet�qn (f)(6) qh th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
eeaue tq ez�ut anf �wt�uf�et�qn tq eqne＀wfe a＀＀ renf�ni
eaueu anf enhqtee a＀＀ rt�qt qtfetu anf �wfioentu uha＀＀
xeut �n the eqwtt that wqw＀f haxe �wt�uf�et�qn qh the eawue
�h theteahtet �nut�twtef0 A＀＀ teeqtfu qh anf rtqrett{ he＀f
b{ eqwttu abq＀�uhef heteb{ uha＀＀ be ttanuhettef tq the
rtqret qhh�ee qh the arrtqrt�ate eqwtt wnfet th�u att�e＀e0
(2) Jwfieu qh the hq＀＀qw�ni eqwttu, �h the�t tetou fq
nqt ezr�te �n 3;95 anf �h the{ ate e＀�i�b＀e wnfet
uwbueet�qn (f)(8) heteqh, uha＀＀ beeqoe aff�t�qna＀
�wfieu qh the e�tew�t eqwtt hqt eaeh qh the eqwnt�eu qh
the�t teureet�xe e�tew�tu, anf uha＀＀ uetxe au uweh e�tew�t
�wfieu hqt the teoa�nfet qh the tetou tq wh�eh the{ wete
e＀eetef anf uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e hqt e＀eet�qn au e�tew�t �wfieu
theteahtet0 Vheue eqwttu ate< e�x�＀ eqwtt qh teeqtf qh
Dafe eqwnt{, a＀＀ et�o�na＀ eqwttu qh teeqtf, the he＀qn{
eqwttu qh teeqtf qh A＀aehwa, Neqn anf Vq＀wu�a Eqwnt�eu,
the eqwttu qh teeqtf qh Dtqwatf, Dtexatf, Gueaob�a,
J�＀＀ubqtqwih, Nee, Manatee anf Satauqta Eqwnt�eu, the
22
ATVKENG V
e�x�＀ anf et�o�na＀ eqwtt qh teeqtf qh P�ne＀＀au Eqwnt{, anf
eqwnt{ �wfie'u eqwttu anf ueratate �wxen�＀e eqwttu �n
eqwnt�eu hax�ni a rqrw＀at�qn �n ezeeuu qh 322,222
aeeqtf�ni tq the 3;92 hefeta＀ eenuwu0 Qn the ehheet�xe
fate qh th�u att�e＀e, thete uha＀＀ be an aff�t�qna＀ nwobet qh
rqu�t�qnu qh e�tew�t �wfieu eqwa＀ tq the nwobet qh
ez�ut�ni e�tew�t �wfieu anf the nwobet qh �wfieu qh
the abqxe naoef eqwttu whque teto ezr�teu �n 3;950
G＀eet�qnu tq uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ ta�e r＀aee at the uaoe
t�oe anf oannet au e＀eet�qnu tq qthet utate �wf�e�a＀
qhh�eeu �n 3;92 anf the tetou qh uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ be hqt
a teto qh u�z {eatu0 Wn＀euu ehanief rwtuwant tq ueet�qn
n�ne qh th�u att�e＀e, the nwobet qh e�tew�t �wfieu rteuent＀{
ez�ut�ni anf eteatef b{ th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt be
ehanief0
(5) Kn a＀＀ eqwnt�eu hax�ni a rqrw＀at�qn qh ＀euu than
322,222 aeeqtf�ni tq the 3;92 hefeta＀ eenuwu anf
hax�ni oqte than qne eqwnt{ �wfie qn the fate qh the
afqrt�qn qh th�u att�e＀e, thete uha＀＀ be the uaoe nwobet
qh �wfieu qh the eqwnt{ eqwtt au thete ate eqwnt{ �wfieu
ez�ut�ni qn that fate wn＀euu ehanief rwtuwant tq ueet�qn
; qh th�u att�e＀e0
(6) Mwn�e�ra＀ eqwttu uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe w�th the�t uaoe
�wt�uf�et�qn wnt�＀ aoenfef qt teto�natef �n a oannet
rteuet�bef b{ uree�a＀ qt ieneta＀ ＀aw qt qtf�naneeu, qt
wnt�＀ Janwat{ 5, 3;99, wh�ehexet qeewtu h�tut0 Qn that
fate a＀＀ own�e�ra＀ eqwttu nqt rtex�qwu＀{ abq＀�uhef uha＀＀
eeaue tq ez�ut0 Jwfieu qh own�e�ra＀ eqwttu uha＀＀ teoa�n
�n qhh�ee anf be uwb�eet tq tearrq�ntoent qt tee＀eet�qn �n
the oannet rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw wnt�＀ ua�f eqwttu ate
teto�natef rwtuwant tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn0
Wrqn own�e�ra＀ eqwttu be�ni teto�natef qt abq＀�uhef �n
aeeqtfanee w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn, the
�wfieu theteqh whq ate nqt oeobetu qh the bat qh
H＀qt�fa, uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e tq uee� e＀eet�qn au �wfieu qh
eqwnt{ eqwttu qh the�t teureet�xe eqwnt�eu0
(5) Jwfieu, hq＀f�ni e＀eet�xe qhh�ee �n a＀＀ qthet eqwttu
abq＀�uhef b{ th�u att�e＀e, whque tetou fq nqt ezr�te �n
3;95 �ne＀wf�ni �wfieu eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq Att�e＀e
VKKK, ueet�qnu ; anf 33 qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 uha＀＀
uetxe au �wfieu qh the eqwnt{ eqwtt hqt the teoa�nfet qh
the teto tq wh�eh the{ wete e＀eetef0 Wn＀euu eteatef
rwtuwant tq ueet�qn ;, qh th�u Att�e＀e V uweh �wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee
uha＀＀ nqt eqnt�nwe tq ez�ut theteahtet0
(8) D{ Mateh 23, 3;92, the uwrteoe eqwtt uha＀＀
eett�h{ the neef hqt aff�t�qna＀ e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ �wfieu0
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte �n the 3;92 teiw＀at ueuu�qn oa{ b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw eteate aff�t�qna＀ qhh�eeu qh �wfie, the tetou
qh wh�eh uha＀＀ bei�n qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e0
G＀eet�qnu tq uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ ta�e r＀aee at the uaoe
t�oe anf oannet au e＀eet�qn tq qthet utate �wf�e�a＀
qhh�eeu �n 3;920
(9) Eqwnt{ �wfieu qh ez�ut�ni eqwnt{ �wfie'u eqwttu
anf �wut�eeu qh the reaee anf oai�uttateu' eqwtt whq ate
nqt oeobetu qh bat qh H＀qt�fa uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e tq uee�
e＀eet�qn au eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu qh the�t teureet�xe
eqwnt�eu0
(8) Pq �wfie qh a eqwtt abq＀�uhef b{ th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀
beeqoe qt be e＀�i�b＀e tq beeqoe a �wfie qh the e�tew�t
eqwtt wn＀euu the �wfie hau been a oeobet qh bat qh
H＀qt�fa hqt the rteeef�ni h�xe {eatu0
ATVKENG V
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(;) Vhe qhh�ee qh �wfieu qh a＀＀ qthet eqwttu abq＀�uhef
b{ th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ be abq＀�uhef au qh the ehheet�xe fate
qh th�u att�e＀e0
(32) Vhe qhh�eeu qh eqwnt{ uq＀�e�tqt anf rtqueewt�ni
attqtne{ uha＀＀ utanf abq＀�uhef, anf a＀＀ eqwnt{ uq＀�e�tqtu
anf rtqueewt�ni attqtne{u hq＀f�ni uweh qhh�eeu wrqn the
ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ beeqoe anf uetxe au
auu�utant utate attqtne{u hqt the e�tew�tu �n wh�eh the�t
eqwnt�eu ate u�twate hqt the teoa�nfet qh the�t tetou, w�th
eqorenuat�qn nqt ＀euu than that teee�xef �ooef�ate＀{
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e0
(e) NKMKVGD QPGTAVKQP QH SQMG PTQVK/
SKQPS0´
(3) A＀＀ �wut�eeu qh the uwrteoe eqwtt, �wfieu qh the
f�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀ anf e�tew�t �wfieu �n qhh�ee wrqn
the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ teta�n the�t qhh�eeu
hqt the teoa�nfet qh the�t teureet�xe tetou0 A＀＀ oeobetu
qh the �wf�e�a＀ qwa＀�h�eat�qnu eqoo�uu�qn �n qhh�ee wrqn
the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ teta�n the�t qhh�eeu
hqt the teoa�nfet qh the�t teureet�xe tetou0 Gaeh utate
attqtne{ �n qhh�ee qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀
teta�n the qhh�ee hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto0
(2) Pq �wut�ee qt �wfie hq＀f�ni qhh�ee �ooef�ate＀{
ahtet th�u att�e＀e beeqoeu ehheet�xe whq he＀f �wf�e�a＀
qhh�ee qn Jw＀{ 3, 3;59, uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq tet�teoent htqo
�wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee beeawue qh aie rwtuwant tq ueet�qn 8 qh
th�u att�e＀e0
(h) Wnt�＀ qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, the nqn�wf�e�a＀
fwt�eu teqw�tef qh eqwnt{ �wfieu uha＀＀ be rethqtoef b{
the �wfieu qh the eqwnt{ eqwtt0
3(i) A＀＀ rtqx�u�qnu qh Att�e＀e V qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, nqt eobtaeef hete�n wh�eh ate nqt
�neqnu�utent w�th th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ beeqoe utatwteu
uwb�eet tq oqf�h�eat�qn qt terea＀ au ate qthet utatwteu0
(h) Vhe teqw�teoentu qh ueet�qn 36 te＀at�xe tq a＀＀
eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu qt an{ �wfie qh a own�e�ra＀ eqwtt
whq eqnt�nweu tq hq＀f qhh�ee rwtuwant tq uwbueet�qn
(f)(6) heteqh be�ni eqorenuatef b{ utate ua＀at�eu uha＀＀
nqt arr＀{ rt�qt tq Janwat{ 5, 3;99, wn＀euu qthetw�ue
rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(�) DGNGVKQP QH QDSQNGVG SEJGDWNG
KVGMS0´Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe rqwet, b{ eqnewt/
tent teuq＀wt�qn, tq fe＀ete htqo th�u att�e＀e an{ uwbueet�qn
qh th�u ueet�qn 22 �ne＀wf�ni th�u uwbueet�qn, when a＀＀
exentu tq wh�eh the uwbueet�qn tq be fe＀etef �u qt eqw＀f
beeqoe arr＀�eab＀e haxe qeewttef0 A ＀ei�u＀at�xe fetet/
o�nat�qn qh haet oafe au a bau�u hqt arr＀�eat�qn qh th�u
uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq �wf�e�a＀ tex�ew0
(�) GHHGEVKVG DAVG0´Wn＀euu qthetw�ue rtqx�fef
hete�n, th�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ beeqoe ehheet�xe at 33<5;
q'e＀qe� P0M0, Gautetn Stanfatf V�oe, Janwat{ 3, 3;950
J�utqt{0´S0J0T0 52/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3Pqte0´A＀＀ rtqx�u�qnu qh Att0 V qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef,
eqnu�fetef au utatwtqt{ ＀aw, wete terea＀ef b{ eh0 95/525, Nawu qh H＀qt�fa0
ATVKENG VK
See0
50
60
50
80
90
Qath0
D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qnu0
Pt�oat{, ieneta＀, anf uree�a＀ e＀eet�qnu0
Mwn�e�ra＀ anf f�utt�et e＀eet�qnu0
Eaora�in urenf�ni ＀�o�tu anf hwnf�ni qh eao/
ra�inu hqt e＀eet�xe utate/w�fe qhh�ee0
SGEVKQP 30 Teiw＀at�qn qh e＀eet�qnu0´A＀＀ e＀ee/
t�qnu b{ the reqr＀e uha＀＀ be b{ f�teet anf ueetet xqte0
Geneta＀ e＀eet�qnu uha＀＀ be feteto�nef b{ a r＀wta＀�t{ qh
xqteu eaut0 Tei�uttat�qn anf e＀eet�qnu uha＀＀, anf rq＀�t�ea＀
ratt{ hwnet�qnu oa{, be teiw＀atef b{ ＀aw; hqwexet, the
teqw�teoentu hqt a eanf�fate w�th nq ratt{ ahh�＀�at�qn qt
hqt a eanf�fate qh a o�nqt ratt{ hqt r＀aeeoent qh the
eanf�fate'u naoe qn the ba＀＀qt uha＀＀ be nq iteatet than
the teqw�teoentu hqt a eanf�fate qh the ratt{ hax�ni the
＀atieut nwobet qh tei�utetef xqtetu0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
33, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 20 G＀eetqtu0´Gxet{ e�t�zen qh the Wn�tef
Stateu whq �u at ＀eaut e�ihteen {eatu qh aie anf whq �u a
retoanent teu�fent qh the utate, �h tei�utetef au
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, uha＀＀ be an e＀eetqt qh the eqwnt{
whete tei�utetef0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
33, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Qath0´Gaeh e＀�i�b＀e e�t�zen wrqn
tei�utet�ni uha＀＀ uwbuet�be the hq＀＀qw�ni< ¬K fq uq＀eon＀{
uweat (qt ahh�to) that K w�＀＀ rtqteet anf fehenf the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh the Wn�tef Stateu anf the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
the State qh H＀qt�fa, anf that K ao qwa＀�h�ef tq tei�utet au
an e＀eetqt wnfet the Eqnut�twt�qn anf ＀awu qh the State
qh H＀qt�fa0¹
SGEVKQP 60 D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qnu0´
(a) Pq retuqn eqnx�etef qh a he＀qn{, qt af�wf�eatef �n
th�u qt an{ qthet utate tq be oenta＀＀{ �neqoretent, uha＀＀
be qwa＀�h�ef tq xqte qt hq＀f qhh�ee wnt�＀ teutqtat�qn qh e�x�＀
t�ihtu qt teoqxa＀ qh f�uab�＀�t{0
(b) Pq retuqn oa{ arreat qn the ba＀＀qt hqt te/
e＀eet�qn tq an{ qh the hq＀＀qw�ni qhh�eeu<
(3) H＀qt�fa terteuentat�xe,
(2) H＀qt�fa uenatqt,
(5) H＀qt�fa N�ewtenant iqxetnqt,
(6) an{ qhh�ee qh the H＀qt�fa eab�net,
(5) W0S0 Terteuentat�xe htqo H＀qt�fa, qt
(8) W0S0 Senatqt htqo H＀qt�fa
�h, b{ the enf qh the ewttent teto qh qhh�ee, the retuqn w�＀＀
haxe uetxef (qt, bwt hqt teu�inat�qn, wqw＀f haxe uetxef)
�n that qhh�ee hqt e�iht eqnueewt�xe {eatu0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Jw＀{ 25,
3;;2; afqrtef 3;;20
ATVKENG VK
SGEVKQP 50 Pt�oat{, ieneta＀, anf uree�a＀ e＀ee/
t�qnu0´
(a) A ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn uha＀＀ be he＀f �n eaeh eqwnt{ qn
the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n Pqxeobet qh
eaeh exen/nwobetef {eat tq ehqque a uweeeuuqt tq
eaeh e＀eet�xe utate anf eqwnt{ qhh�eet whque teto w�＀＀
ezr�te behqte the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn anf, ezeert au
SWHHTAGG APD GNGEVKQPS
See0
30
20
Teiw＀at�qn qh e＀eet�qnu0
G＀eetqtu0
25
ATVKENG VK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
rtqx�fef hete�n, tq h�＀＀ eaeh xaeane{ �n e＀eet�xe qhh�ee hqt
the wnezr�tef rqtt�qn qh the teto0 A ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn
oa{ be uwurenfef qt fe＀a{ef fwe tq a utate qh
eoetiene{ qt �orenf�ni eoetiene{ rwtuwant tq ien/
eta＀ ＀aw0 Sree�a＀ e＀eet�qnu anf tehetenfa uha＀＀ be he＀f
au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(b) Kh a＀＀ eanf�fateu hqt an qhh�ee haxe the uaoe ratt{
ahh�＀�at�qn anf the w�nnet w�＀＀ haxe nq qrrqu�t�qn �n the
ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, a＀＀ qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu, teiatf＀euu qh
ratt{ ahh�＀�at�qn, oa{ xqte �n the rt�oat{ e＀eet�qnu hqt that
qhh�ee0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 382, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 33, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 Mwn�e�ra＀ anf f�utt�et e＀eet�qnu0´
Tei�uttat�qn anf e＀eet�qnu �n own�e�ra＀�t�eu uha＀＀, anf �n
qthet iqxetnoenta＀ ent�t�eu eteatef b{ utatwte oa{, be
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 90 Eaora�in urenf�ni ＀�o�tu anf
hwnf�ni qh eaora�inu hqt e＀eet�xe utate/w�fe qhh�ee0
Kt �u the rq＀�e{ qh th�u utate tq rtqx�fe hqt utate/w�fe
e＀eet�qnu �n wh�eh a＀＀ qwa＀�h�ef eanf�fateu oa{ eqorete
ehheet�xe＀{0 A oethqf qh rwb＀�e h�nane�ni hqt eaora�inu
hqt utate/w�fe qhh�ee uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef b{ ＀aw0
Srenf�ni ＀�o�tu uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef hqt uweh eaora�inu
hqt eanf�fateu whq wue rwb＀�e hwnfu �n the�t eaora�inu0
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rtqx�fe hwnf�ni hqt th�u rtqx�u�qn0
Geneta＀ ＀aw �or＀eoent�ni th�u rataitarh uha＀＀ be at
＀eaut au rtqteet�xe qh ehheet�xe eqoret�t�qn b{ a eanf�/
fate whq wueu rwb＀�e hwnfu au the ieneta＀ ＀aw �n ehheet
qn Janwat{ 3, 3;;80
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 33,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
ATVKENG VKK
HKPAPEG APD VAZAVKQP
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
Vazat�qn; arrtqrt�at�qnu; utate ezrenueu; utate
texenwe ＀�o�tat�qn0
Vazeu; tate0
Vazeu; ezeort�qnu0
Vazat�qn; auueuuoentu0
Gutate, �nhet�tanee anf �neqoe tazeu0
Jqoeuteaf ezeort�qnu0
A＀＀qeat�qn qh rat�/owtwe＀ tazeu0
A�f tq ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu0
Nqea＀ tazeu0
P＀efi�ni etef�t0
State bqnfu; texenwe bqnfu0
Nqea＀ bqnfu0
Te＀�eh htqo �＀＀eia＀ tazeu0
Dqnfu hqt rq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf abateoent anf
qthet watet hae�＀�t�eu0
Texenwe bqnfu hqt uehq＀atuh�r ＀qanu0
Dqnfu hqt hqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu0
Dqnfu hqt aeqw�t�ni ttanurqttat�qn t�iht/qh/wa{ qt
hqt eqnuttwet�ni bt�fieu0
26
ATVKENG VKK
See0
380
Nawu teqw�t�ni eqwnt�eu qt own�e�ra＀�t�eu tq urenf
hwnfu qt ＀�o�t�ni the�t ab�＀�t{ tq ta�ue texenwe qt
teee�xe utate taz texenwe0
SGEVKQP 30 Vazat�qn; arrtqrt�at�qnu; utate ez/
renueu; utate texenwe ＀�o�tat�qn0´
(a) Pq taz uha＀＀ be ＀ex�ef ezeert �n rwtuwanee qh ＀aw0
Pq utate af xa＀qteo tazeu uha＀＀ be ＀ex�ef wrqn tea＀
eutate qt tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{0 A＀＀ qthet hqtou qh
tazat�qn uha＀＀ be rteeortef tq the utate ezeert au
rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(b) Mqtqt xeh�e＀eu, bqatu, a�tr＀aneu, tta�＀etu, tta�＀et
eqaeheu anf oqb�＀e hqoeu, au feh�nef b{ ＀aw, uha＀＀ be
uwb�eet tq a ＀�eenue taz hqt the�t qretat�qn �n the aoqwntu
anf hqt the rwtrqueu rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw, bwt uha＀＀ nqt be
uwb�eet tq af xa＀qteo tazeu0
(e) Pq oqne{ uha＀＀ be ftawn htqo the tteauwt{
ezeert �n rwtuwanee qh arrtqrt�at�qn oafe b{ ＀aw0
(f) Ptqx�u�qn uha＀＀ be oafe b{ ＀aw hqt ta�u�ni
uwhh�e�ent texenwe tq fehta{ the ezrenueu qh the utate
hqt eaeh h�uea＀ ret�qf0
(e) Gzeert au rtqx�fef hete�n, utate texenweu
eq＀＀eetef hqt an{ h�uea＀ {eat uha＀＀ be ＀�o�tef tq utate
texenweu a＀＀qwef wnfet th�u uwbueet�qn hqt the rt�qt
h�uea＀ {eat r＀wu an af�wutoent hqt itqwth0 Au wuef �n th�u
uwbueet�qn, ¬itqwth¹ oeanu an aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq the
axetaie annwa＀ tate qh itqwth �n H＀qt�fa retuqna＀
�neqoe qxet the oqut teeent twent{ qwattetu t�oeu
the utate texenweu a＀＀qwef wnfet th�u uwbueet�qn hqt the
rt�qt h�uea＀ {eat0 Hqt the 3;;5/3;;8 h�uea＀ {eat, the utate
texenweu a＀＀qwef wnfet th�u uwbueet�qn hqt the rt�qt
h�uea＀ {eat uha＀＀ eqwa＀ the utate texenweu eq＀＀eetef hqt
the 3;;6/3;;5 h�uea＀ {eat0 H＀qt�fa retuqna＀ �neqoe uha＀＀
be feteto�nef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte, htqo �nhqtoat�qn
axa�＀ab＀e htqo the Wn�tef Stateu Derattoent qh Eqo/
oetee qt �tu uweeeuuqt qn the h�tut fa{ qh Hebtwat{ rt�qt
tq the bei�nn�ni qh the h�uea＀ {eat0 State texenweu
eq＀＀eetef hqt an{ h�uea＀ {eat �n ezeeuu qh th�u ＀�o�tat�qn
uha＀＀ be ttanuhettef tq the bwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf wnt�＀
the hwnf teaeheu the oaz�owo ba＀anee uree�h�ef �n
Seet�qn 3;(i) qh Att�e＀e KKK, anf theteahtet uha＀＀ be
tehwnfef tq tazra{etu au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 State
texenweu a＀＀qwef wnfet th�u uwbueet�qn hqt an{ h�uea＀
{eat oa{ be �neteauef b{ a twq/th�tfu xqte qh the
oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n a
ueratate b�＀＀ that eqnta�nu nq qthet uwb�eet anf that
uetu hqtth the fq＀＀at aoqwnt b{ wh�eh the utate texenweu
a＀＀qwef w�＀＀ be �neteauef0 Vhe xqte oa{ nqt be ta�en
＀euu than uexent{/twq hqwtu ahtet the th�tf teaf�ni qh the
b�＀＀0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u uwbueet�qn, ¬utate texenweu¹
oeanu tazeu, heeu, ＀�eenueu, anf ehatieu hqt uetx�eeu
�orquef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte qn �nf�x�fwa＀u, bwu�neuueu,
qt aiene�eu qwtu�fe utate iqxetnoent0 Jqwexet, ¬utate
texenweu¹ fqeu nqt �ne＀wfe< texenweu that ate neeeu/
uat{ tq oeet the teqw�teoentu uet hqtth �n fqewoentu
awthqt�z�ni the �uuwanee qh bqnfu b{ the utate; texe/
nweu that ate wuef tq rtqx�fe oateh�ni hwnfu hqt the
hefeta＀ Mef�ea�f rtqitao w�th the ezeert�qn qh the
texenweu wuef tq uwrrqtt the Pwb＀�e Mef�ea＀ Auu�utanee
Vtwut Hwnf qt �tu uweeeuuqt rtqitao anf w�th the
ezeert�qn qh utate oateh�ni hwnfu wuef tq hwnf e＀eet�xe
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ezranu�qnu oafe ahtet Jw＀{ 3, 3;;6; rtqeeefu htqo the
utate ＀qttet{ tetwtnef au rt�zeu; teee�rtu qh the H＀qt�fa
Jwtt�eane Eatauttqrhe Hwnf; ba＀aneeu eatt�ef hqtwatf
htqo rt�qt h�uea＀ {eatu; tazeu, ＀�eenueu, heeu, anf
ehatieu hqt uetx�eeu �orquef b{ ＀qea＀, tei�qna＀, qt
uehqq＀ f�utt�et iqxetn�ni bqf�eu; qt texenwe htqo tazeu,
＀�eenueu, heeu, anf ehatieu hqt uetx�eeu teqw�tef tq be
�orquef b{ an{ aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn tq th�u eqn/
ut�twt�qn ahtet Jw＀{ 3, 3;;60 An af�wutoent tq the texenwe
＀�o�tat�qn uha＀＀ be oafe b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw tq teh＀eet the
h�uea＀ �oraet qh ttanuhetu qh teurqnu�b�＀�t{ hqt the hwnf�ni
qh iqxetnoenta＀ hwnet�qnu between the utate anf qthet
＀exe＀u qh iqxetnoent0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀, b{ ieneta＀
＀aw, rteuet�be rtqeefwteu neeeuuat{ tq afo�n�utet th�u
uwbueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 2255, 3;;6; afqrtef 3;;60
SGEVKQP 20 Vazeu; tate0´A＀＀ af xa＀qteo tazat�qn
uha＀＀ be at a wn�hqto tate w�th�n eaeh taz�ni wn�t, ezeert
the tazeu qn �ntani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ oa{ be at
f�hhetent tateu bwt uha＀＀ nexet ezeeef twq o�＀＀u qn the
fq＀＀at qh auueuuef xa＀we; rtqx�fef, au tq an{ qb＀�iat�qnu
ueewtef b{ oqttiaie, feef qh ttwut, qt qthet ＀�en qn tea＀
eutate whetexet ＀qeatef, an �ntani�b＀e taz qh nqt oqte
than twq o�＀＀u qn the fq＀＀at oa{ be ＀ex�ef b{ ＀aw tq be �n
＀�ew qh a＀＀ qthet �ntani�b＀e auueuuoentu qn uweh qb＀�ia/
t�qnu0
SGEVKQP 50 Vazeu; ezeort�qnu0´
(a) A＀＀ rtqrett{ qwnef b{ a own�e�ra＀�t{ anf wuef
eze＀wu�xe＀{ b{ �t hqt own�e�ra＀ qt rwb＀�e rwtrqueu uha＀＀
be ezeort htqo tazat�qn0 A own�e�ra＀�t{, qwn�ni rtqr/
ett{ qwtu�fe the own�e�ra＀�t{, oa{ be teqw�tef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw tq oa�e ra{oent tq the taz�ni wn�t �n
wh�eh the rtqrett{ �u ＀qeatef0 Sweh rqtt�qnu qh rtqrett{
au ate wuef rtefqo�nant＀{ hqt efweat�qna＀, ＀�tetat{,
ue�ent�h�e, te＀�i�qwu qt ehat�tab＀e rwtrqueu oa{ be
ezeortef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw htqo tazat�qn0
(b) Vhete uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo tazat�qn, ewow＀a/
t�xe＀{, tq exet{ heaf qh a hao�＀{ teu�f�ni �n th�u utate,
hqwuehq＀f iqqfu anf retuqna＀ ehheetu tq the xa＀we h�zef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, nqt ＀euu than qne thqwuanf fq＀＀atu, anf
tq exet{ w�fqw qt w�fqwet qt retuqn whq �u b＀�nf qt
tqta＀＀{ anf retoanent＀{ f�uab＀ef, rtqrett{ tq the xa＀we
h�zef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw nqt ＀euu than h�xe hwnftef fq＀＀atu0
(e) An{ eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ oa{, hqt the rwtrque
qh �tu teureet�xe taz ＀ex{ anf uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh
th�u uwbueet�qn anf ieneta＀ ＀aw, itant eqoown�t{ anf
eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qnu tq
new bwu�neuueu anf ezranu�qnu qh ez�ut�ni bwu�neuueu,
au feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Sweh an ezeort�qn oa{ be
itantef qn＀{ b{ qtf�nanee qh the eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{,
anf qn＀{ ahtet the e＀eetqtu qh the eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{
xqt�ni qn uweh qweut�qn �n a tehetenfwo awthqt�ze the
eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ tq afqrt uweh qtf�naneeu0 An
ezeort�qn uq itantef uha＀＀ arr＀{ tq �ortqxeoentu tq
tea＀ rtqrett{ oafe b{ qt hqt the wue qh a new bwu�neuu
anf �ortqxeoentu tq tea＀ rtqrett{ te＀atef tq the
ezranu�qn qh an ez�ut�ni bwu�neuu anf uha＀＀ a＀uq
arr＀{ tq tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ qh uweh new bwu�/
neuu anf tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ te＀atef tq the
ezranu�qn qh an ez�ut�ni bwu�neuu0 Vhe aoqwnt qt ＀�o�tu
qh the aoqwnt qh uweh ezeort�qn uha＀＀ be uree�h�ef b{
25
ATVKENG VKK
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe ret�qf qh t�oe hqt wh�eh uweh ezeor/
t�qn oa{ be itantef tq a new bwu�neuu qt ezranu�qn qh
an ez�ut�ni bwu�neuu uha＀＀ be feteto�nef b{ ieneta＀
＀aw0 Vhe awthqt�t{ tq itant uweh ezeort�qn uha＀＀ ezr�te
ten {eatu htqo the fate qh arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu qh the
eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{, anf oa{ be tenewab＀e b{
tehetenfwo au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(f) An{ eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ oa{, hqt the rwtrque
qh �tu teureet�xe taz ＀ex{ anf uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh
th�u uwbueet�qn anf ieneta＀ ＀aw, itant h�utqt�e rteuet/
xat�qn af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qnu tq qwnetu qh h�utqt�e
rtqrett�eu0 Vh�u ezeort�qn oa{ be itantef qn＀{ b{
qtf�nanee qh the eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{0 Vhe aoqwnt qt
＀�o�tu qh the aoqwnt qh th�u ezeort�qn anf the teqw�te/
oentu hqt e＀�i�b＀e rtqrett�eu owut be uree�h�ef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe ret�qf qh t�oe hqt wh�eh th�u ezeort�qn
oa{ be itantef tq a rtqrett{ qwnet uha＀＀ be feteto�nef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
3(e) D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu uree/
�h�ef thete�n, twent{/h�xe thqwuanf fq＀＀atu qh the au/
ueuuef xa＀we qh rtqrett{ uwb�eet tq tani�b＀e retuqna＀
rtqrett{ taz uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn0
2(h)
Vhete uha＀＀ be itantef an af xa＀qteo taz
ezeort�qn hqt tea＀ rtqrett{ fef�eatef �n retretw�t{ hqt
eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu, �ne＀wf�ni tea＀ rtqrett{ enewo/
betef b{ retretwa＀ eqnuetxat�qn eaueoentu qt b{ qthet
retretwa＀ eqnuetxat�qn rtqteet�qnu, au feh�nef b{ ien/
eta＀ ＀aw0
(i) D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq the eqnf�t�qnu
uree�h�ef thete�n, eaeh retuqn whq teee�xeu a hqoe/
uteaf ezeort�qn au rtqx�fef �n ueet�qn 8 qh th�u att�e＀e;
whq wau a oeobet qh the Wn�tef Stateu o�＀�tat{ qt
o�＀�tat{ teuetxeu, the Wn�tef Stateu Eqaut Gwatf qt �tu
teuetxeu, qt the H＀qt�fa Pat�qna＀ Gwatf; anf whq wau
fer＀q{ef fwt�ni the rteeef�ni ea＀enfat {eat qn aet�xe
fwt{ qwtu�fe the eqnt�nenta＀ Wn�tef Stateu, A＀au�a, qt
Jawa�� �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{ qretat�qnu feu�inatef b{
the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ teee�xe an aff�t�qna＀ ezeort�qn
eqwa＀ tq a reteentaie qh the tazab＀e xa＀we qh h�u qt het
hqoeuteaf rtqrett{0 Vhe arr＀�eab＀e reteentaie uha＀＀
be ea＀ew＀atef au the nwobet qh fa{u fwt�ni the
rteeef�ni ea＀enfat {eat the retuqn wau fer＀q{ef qn
aet�xe fwt{ qwtu�fe the eqnt�nenta＀ Wn�tef Stateu,
A＀au�a, qt Jawa�� �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{ qretat�qnu
feu�inatef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte f�x�fef b{ the nwobet
qh fa{u �n that {eat0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0'u ;/G, 35/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0'u
538, 558, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 S0J0T0 352, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0 J0J0T0
;8;, 3;;9; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 2/D, 2229; afqrtef 2228; Aou0
rtqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0 5 anf 6,
2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 28, 2228; afqrtef 2228; Ao0 J0J0T0 855,
222;; afqrtef 2232; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 3;5, 2238; afqrtef 22380
3Pqte0´Seet�qn 56, Att0 ZKK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, rtqx�feu �n ratt that ¬the
aoenfoent tq uwbueet�qn (e) qh Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK awthqt�z�ni the ＀ei�u＀atwte,
uwb�eet tq ＀�o�tat�qnu uet hqtth �n ieneta＀ ＀aw, tq ezeort the auueuuef xa＀we qh uq＀at
fex�eeu qt tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu uwb�eet tq tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{
taz htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn 0 0 0 uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn Janwat{ 3, 2238, anf uha＀＀
ezr�te qn Deeeobet 53, 22590 Wrqn ezr�tat�qn, th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be terea＀ef anf
the tezt qh uwbueet�qn (e) qh Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK 0 0 0 uha＀＀ texett tq that �n
ez�utenee qn Deeeobet 53, 2239, ezeert that an{ aoenfoentu tq uweh tezt
qthetw�ue afqrtef uha＀＀ be rteuetxef anf eqnt�nwe tq qretate tq the eztent that uweh
aoenfoentu ate nqt ferenfent wrqn the rqtt�qnu qh tezt wh�eh ezr�te rwtuwant tq
th�u ueet�qn0¹ Ghheet�xe Janwat{ 3, 2238, u0 5(e), Att0 VKK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, w�＀＀ teaf<
(e) D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu uree�h�ef thete�n<
(3) Vwent{/h�xe thqwuanf fq＀＀atu qh the auueuuef xa＀we qh rtqrett{ uwb�eet tq
tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ taz uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn0
(2) Vhe auueuuef xa＀we qh uq＀at fex�eeu qt tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu
uwb�eet tq tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ taz oa{ be ezeort htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn,
uwb�eet tq ＀�o�tat�qnu rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
2Pqte0´Vh�u uwbueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef (i) b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 6 qh the
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 2228, wau tefeu�inatef (h) b{ the ef�tqtu
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
tq eqnhqto tq the tefeu�inat�qn qh uwbueet�qnu b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 5 qh the Vazat�qn anf
Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 22280
SGEVKQP 60 Vazat�qn; auueuuoentu0´D{ ienet/
a＀ ＀aw teiw＀at�qnu uha＀＀ be rteuet�bef wh�eh uha＀＀ ueewte
a �wut xa＀wat�qn qh a＀＀ rtqrett{ hqt af xa＀qteo tazat�qn,
rtqx�fef<
(a) Ait�ew＀twta＀ ＀anf, ＀anf rtqfwe�ni h�ih watet
teehatie tq H＀qt�fa'u aqw�hetu, qt ＀anf wuef eze＀wu�xe＀{
hqt nqneqooete�a＀ teeteat�qna＀ rwtrqueu oa{ be e＀au/
u�h�ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf auueuuef uq＀e＀{ qn the bau�u qh
ehataetet qt wue0
(b) Au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq
eqnf�t�qnu, ＀�o�tat�qnu, anf teauqnab＀e feh�n�t�qnu uree/
�h�ef thete�n, ＀anf wuef hqt eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu uha＀＀
be e＀auu�h�ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf auueuuef uq＀e＀{ qn the
bau�u qh ehataetet qt wue0
(e) Pwtuwant tq ieneta＀ ＀aw tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqr/
ett{ he＀f hqt ua＀e au utqe� �n ttafe anf ＀�xeutqe� oa{ be
xa＀wef hqt tazat�qn at a uree�h�ef reteentaie qh �tu xa＀we,
oa{ be e＀auu�h�ef hqt taz rwtrqueu, qt oa{ be ezeortef
htqo tazat�qn0
(f) A＀＀ retuqnu ent�t＀ef tq a hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn
wnfet Seet�qn 8 qh th�u Att�e＀e uha＀＀ haxe the�t hqoe/
uteaf auueuuef at �wut xa＀we au qh Janwat{ 3 qh the {eat
hq＀＀qw�ni the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent0 Vh�u
auueuuoent uha＀＀ ehanie qn＀{ au rtqx�fef �n th�u
uwbueet�qn0
(3) Auueuuoentu uwb�eet tq th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be
ehanief annwa＀＀{ qn Janwat{ 3ut qh eaeh {eat; bwt
thque ehanieu �n auueuuoentu uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef the
＀qwet qh the hq＀＀qw�ni<
a0 Vhtee reteent (5') qh the auueuuoent hqt the
rt�qt {eat0
b0 Vhe reteent ehanie �n the Eqnuwoet Pt�ee Knfez
hqt a＀＀ wtban eqnuwoetu, W0S0 E�t{ Axetaie, a＀＀ �teou
3;89?322, qt uweeeuuqt terqttu hqt the rteeef�ni
ea＀enfat {eat au �n�t�a＀＀{ terqttef b{ the Wn�tef Stateu
Derattoent qh Nabqt, Dwteaw qh Nabqt Stat�ut�eu0
(2) Pq auueuuoent uha＀＀ ezeeef �wut xa＀we0
(5) Ahtet an{ ehanie qh qwnetuh�r, au rtqx�fef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef at
�wut xa＀we au qh Janwat{ 3 qh the hq＀＀qw�ni {eat, wn＀euu
the rtqx�u�qnu qh rataitarh (8) arr＀{0 Vheteahtet, the
hqoeuteaf uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u
uwbueet�qn0
(6) Pew hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef at
�wut xa＀we au qh Janwat{ 3ut qh the {eat hq＀＀qw�ni the
eutab＀�uhoent qh the hqoeuteaf, wn＀euu the rtqx�u�qnu
qh rataitarh (8) arr＀{0 Vhat auueuuoent uha＀＀ qn＀{
ehanie au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(5) Ehanieu, aff�t�qnu, tefwet�qnu, qt �ortqxe/
oentu tq hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au
rtqx�fef hqt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw; rtqx�fef, hqwexet, ahtet the
af�wutoent hqt an{ ehanie, aff�t�qn, tefwet�qn, qt
�ortqxeoent, the rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtq/
x�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(8) Kn the exent qh a teto�nat�qn qh hqoeuteaf
utatwu, the rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(9) Vhe rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent ate uexetab＀e0
Kh an{ qh the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be he＀f
wneqnut�twt�qna＀ b{ an{ eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn,
28
ATVKENG VKK
the fee�u�qn qh uweh eqwtt uha＀＀ nqt ahheet qt �ora�t an{
teoa�n�ni rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent0
(8)a0 A retuqn whq eutab＀�uheu a new hqoeuteaf
au qh Janwat{ 3, 222;, qt Janwat{ 3 qh an{ uwbueqwent
{eat anf whq hau teee�xef a hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn
rwtuwant tq Seet�qn 8 qh th�u Att�e＀e au qh Janwat{ 3 qh
e�thet qh the twq {eatu �ooef�ate＀{ rteeef�ni the
eutab＀�uhoent qh the new hqoeuteaf �u ent�t＀ef tq
haxe the new hqoeuteaf auueuuef at ＀euu than �wut
xa＀we0 Kh th�u tex�u�qn �u arrtqxef �n Janwat{ qh 2228, a
retuqn whq eutab＀�uheu a new hqoeuteaf au qh Janwat{
3, 2228, �u ent�t＀ef tq haxe the new hqoeuteaf
auueuuef at ＀euu than �wut xa＀we qn＀{ �h that retuqn
teee�xef a hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn qn Janwat{ 3, 22290
Vhe auueuuef xa＀we qh the new＀{ eutab＀�uhef hqoe/
uteaf uha＀＀ be feteto�nef au hq＀＀qwu<
30 Kh the �wut xa＀we qh the new hqoeuteaf �u iteatet
than qt eqwa＀ tq the �wut xa＀we qh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf au
qh Janwat{ 3 qh the {eat �n wh�eh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf
wau abanfqnef, the auueuuef xa＀we qh the new hqoe/
uteaf uha＀＀ be the �wut xa＀we qh the new hqoeuteaf
o�nwu an aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq the ＀euuet qh &522,222 qt the
f�hhetenee between the �wut xa＀we anf the auueuuef
xa＀we qh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf au qh Janwat{ 3 qh the {eat
�n wh�eh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf wau abanfqnef0 Vhete/
ahtet, the hqoeuteaf uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n
th�u uwbueet�qn0
20 Kh the �wut xa＀we qh the new hqoeuteaf �u ＀euu
than the �wut xa＀we qh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf au qh Janwat{
3 qh the {eat �n wh�eh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf wau
abanfqnef, the auueuuef xa＀we qh the new hqoeuteaf
uha＀＀ be eqwa＀ tq the �wut xa＀we qh the new hqoeuteaf
f�x�fef b{ the �wut xa＀we qh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf anf
ow＀t�r＀�ef b{ the auueuuef xa＀we qh the rt�qt hqoeuteaf0
Jqwexet, �h the f�hhetenee between the �wut xa＀we qh the
new hqoeuteaf anf the auueuuef xa＀we qh the new
hqoeuteaf ea＀ew＀atef rwtuwant tq th�u uwb/uwbrata/
itarh �u iteatet than &522,222, the auueuuef xa＀we qh
the new hqoeuteaf uha＀＀ be �neteauef uq that the
f�hhetenee between the �wut xa＀we anf the auueuuef
xa＀we eqwa＀u &522,2220 Vheteahtet, the hqoeuteaf uha＀＀
be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
b0 D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu uree/
�h�ef thete�n, the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rtqx�fe hqt arr＀�eat�qn
qh th�u rataitarh tq rtqrett{ qwnef b{ oqte than qne
retuqn0
(e) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, hqt auueuu/
oent rwtrqueu anf uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u
uwbueet�qn, a＀＀qw eqwnt�eu anf own�e�ra＀�t�eu tq awthqt/
�ze b{ qtf�nanee that h�utqt�e rtqrett{ oa{ be auueuuef
uq＀e＀{ qn the bau�u qh ehataetet qt wue0 Sweh ehataetet
qt wue auueuuoent uha＀＀ arr＀{ qn＀{ tq the �wt�uf�et�qn
afqrt�ni the qtf�nanee0 Vhe teqw�teoentu hqt e＀�i�b＀e
rtqrett�eu owut be uree�h�ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(h) A eqwnt{ oa{, �n the oannet rteuet�bef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, rtqx�fe hqt a tefwet�qn �n the auueuuef
xa＀we qh hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ tq the eztent qh an{
�neteaue �n the auueuuef xa＀we qh that rtqrett{ wh�eh
teuw＀tu htqo the eqnuttwet�qn qt teeqnuttwet�qn qh the
rtqrett{ hqt the rwtrque qh rtqx�f�ni ＀�x�ni qwattetu hqt
qne qt oqte natwta＀ qt afqrt�xe itanfratentu qt ratentu
qh the qwnet qh the rtqrett{ qt qh the qwnet'u urqwue �h
at ＀eaut qne qh the itanfratentu qt ratentu hqt whqo the
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
＀�x�ni qwattetu ate rtqx�fef �u 82 {eatu qh aie qt q＀fet0
Sweh a tefwet�qn oa{ nqt ezeeef the ＀euuet qh the
hq＀＀qw�ni<
(3) Vhe �neteaue �n auueuuef xa＀we teuw＀t�ni htqo
eqnuttwet�qn qt teeqnuttwet�qn qh the rtqrett{0
(2) Vwent{ reteent qh the tqta＀ auueuuef xa＀we qh the
rtqrett{ au �ortqxef0
(i) Hqt a＀＀ ＀ex�eu qthet than uehqq＀ f�utt�et ＀ex�eu,
auueuuoentu qh teu�fent�a＀ tea＀ rtqrett{, au feh�nef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, wh�eh eqnta�nu n�ne wn�tu qt hewet anf
wh�eh �u nqt uwb�eet tq the auueuuoent ＀�o�tat�qnu uet
hqtth �n uwbueet�qnu (a) thtqwih (f) uha＀＀ ehanie qn＀{ au
rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(3) Auueuuoentu uwb�eet tq th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be
ehanief annwa＀＀{ qn the fate qh auueuuoent rtqx�fef
b{ ＀aw; bwt thque ehanieu �n auueuuoentu uha＀＀ nqt
ezeeef ten reteent (32') qh the auueuuoent hqt the
rt�qt {eat0
(2) Pq auueuuoent uha＀＀ ezeeef �wut xa＀we0
(5) Ahtet a ehanie qh qwnetuh�r qt eqnttq＀, au
feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, �ne＀wf�ni an{ ehanie qh qwn/
etuh�r qh a ＀eia＀ ent�t{ that qwnu the rtqrett{, uweh
rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef at �wut xa＀we au qh the nezt
auueuuoent fate0 Vheteahtet, uweh rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be
auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(6) Ehanieu, aff�t�qnu, tefwet�qnu, qt �ortqxe/
oentu tq uweh rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef
hqt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw; hqwexet, ahtet the af�wutoent hqt an{
ehanie, aff�t�qn, tefwet�qn, qt �ortqxeoent, the rtqr/
ett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(h) Hqt a＀＀ ＀ex�eu qthet than uehqq＀ f�utt�et ＀ex�eu,
auueuuoentu qh tea＀ rtqrett{ that �u nqt uwb�eet tq the
auueuuoent ＀�o�tat�qnu uet hqtth �n uwbueet�qnu (a)
thtqwih (f) anf (i) uha＀＀ ehanie qn＀{ au rtqx�fef �n
th�u uwbueet�qn0
(3) Auueuuoentu uwb�eet tq th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be
ehanief annwa＀＀{ qn the fate qh auueuuoent rtqx�fef
b{ ＀aw; bwt thque ehanieu �n auueuuoentu uha＀＀ nqt
ezeeef ten reteent (32') qh the auueuuoent hqt the
rt�qt {eat0
(2) Pq auueuuoent uha＀＀ ezeeef �wut xa＀we0
(5) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte owut rtqx�fe that uweh rtqrett{
uha＀＀ be auueuuef at �wut xa＀we au qh the nezt auueuu/
oent fate ahtet a qwa＀�h{�ni �ortqxeoent, au feh�nef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, �u oafe tq uweh rtqrett{0 Vheteahtet, uweh
rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbuee/
t�qn0
(6) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ rtqx�fe that uweh rtqrett{
uha＀＀ be auueuuef at �wut xa＀we au qh the nezt auueuu/
oent fate ahtet a ehanie qh qwnetuh�r qt eqnttq＀, au
feh�nef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, �ne＀wf�ni an{ ehanie qh qwn/
etuh�r qh the ＀eia＀ ent�t{ that qwnu the rtqrett{0
Vheteahtet, uweh rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtq/
x�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
(5) Ehanieu, aff�t�qnu, tefwet�qnu, qt �ortqxe/
oentu tq uweh rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef
hqt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw; hqwexet, ahtet the af�wutoent hqt an{
ehanie, aff�t�qn, tefwet�qn, qt �ortqxeoent, the rtqr/
ett{ uha＀＀ be auueuuef au rtqx�fef �n th�u uwbueet�qn0
3(�)
Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq
eqnf�t�qnu uree�h�ef thete�n, oa{ rtqh�b�t the eqnu�feta/
t�qn qh the hq＀＀qw�ni �n the feteto�nat�qn qh the auueuuef
xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{ wuef hqt teu�fent�a＀ rwtrqueu<
29
ATVKENG VKK
(3) An{ ehanie qt �ortqxeoent oafe hqt the
rwtrque qh �ortqx�ni the rtqrett{'u teu�utanee tq w�nf
faoaie0
(2) Vhe �nuta＀＀at�qn qh a tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee
fex�ee0
2(�)(3) Vhe auueuuoent qh the hq＀＀qw�ni wqt��ni
watethtqnt rtqrett�eu uha＀＀ be bauef wrqn the ewttent
wue qh the rtqrett{<
a0 Nanf wuef rtefqo�nant＀{ hqt eqooete�a＀ h�uh�ni
rwtrqueu0
b0 Nanf that �u aeeeuu�b＀e tq the rwb＀�e anf wuef hqt
xeuue＀ ＀awneheu �ntq watetu that ate nax�iab＀e0
e0 Mat�nau anf ft{utae�u that ate qren tq the
rwb＀�e0
f0 Yatet/ferenfent oat�ne oanwhaetwt�ni hae�＀/
�t�eu, eqooete�a＀ h�uh�ni hae�＀�t�eu, anf oat�ne xeuue＀
eqnuttwet�qn anf tera�t hae�＀�t�eu anf the�t uwrrqtt
aet�x�t�eu0
(2) Vhe auueuuoent beneh�t rtqx�fef b{ th�u uwb/
ueet�qn �u uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu anf ＀�o�tat�qnu anf
teauqnab＀e feh�n�t�qnu au uree�h�ef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 32/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 J0J0T0 236, 3;89; afqrtef
3;88; Ao0 b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut 5, 3;;2;
afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0 J0J0T0 ;8;, 3;;9; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 539, 2222; afqrtef 2222; Ao0 E0S0 hqt
S0J0T0 2/D, 2229; afqrtef 2228; Aou0 Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto
Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0 5, 6, anf 8, 2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀
28, 2228; afqrtef 2228; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 3;5, 2238; afqrtef 22380
3Pqte0´
A0 Vh�u uwbueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef (h) b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 5 qh the Vazat�qn
anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 2228, wau tefeu�inatef (�) b{ the ef�tqtu tq
eqnhqto tq the tefeu�inat�qn qh uwbueet�qnu b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 6 qh the Vazat�qn anf
Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 22280
D0 Seet�qn 56, Att0 ZKK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, rtqx�feu �n ratt that ¬the aoenfoent
tq uwbueet�qn (�) qh Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK awthqt�z�ni the ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw,
tq rtqh�b�t the eqnu�fetat�qn qh the �nuta＀＀at�qn qh a uq＀at fex�ee qt a tenewab＀e
eneti{ uqwtee fex�ee �n feteto�n�ni the auueuuef xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{ hqt the
rwtrque qh af xa＀qteo tazat�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn Janwat{ 3, 2238, anf uha＀＀ ezr�te
qn Deeeobet 53, 22590 Wrqn ezr�tat�qn, th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be terea＀ef anf the tezt
qh 0 0 0 uwbueet�qn (�) qh Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK uha＀＀ texett tq that �n ez�utenee qn
Deeeobet 53, 2239, ezeert that an{ aoenfoentu tq uweh tezt qthetw�ue afqrtef
uha＀＀ be rteuetxef anf eqnt�nwe tq qretate tq the eztent that uweh aoenfoentu ate
nqt ferenfent wrqn the rqtt�qnu qh tezt wh�eh ezr�te rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn0¹
Ghheet�xe Janwat{ 3, 2238, u0 6(�), Att0 VKK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, w�＀＀ teaf<
(�) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu uree�h�ef thete�n,
oa{ rtqh�b�t the eqnu�fetat�qn qh the hq＀＀qw�ni �n the feteto�nat�qn qh the auueuuef
xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{<
(3) An{ ehanie qt �ortqxeoent tq tea＀ rtqrett{ wuef hqt teu�fent�a＀ rwtrqueu
oafe tq �ortqxe the rtqrett{'u teu�utanee tq w�nf faoaie0
(2) Vhe �nuta＀＀at�qn qh a uq＀at qt tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�ee0
2Pqte0´Vh�u uwbueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef (h) b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 8 qh the
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 2228, wau tefeu�inatef (�) b{ the ef�tqtu
tq eqnhqto tq the tefeu�inat�qn qh uwbueet�qnu b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 6 qh the Vazat�qn anf
Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 2228, anf the eteat�qn qh a new (h) b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 5
qh the Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, 22280
SGEVKQP 50 Gutate, �nhet�tanee anf �neqoe
tazeu0´
(a) PAVWTAN PGTSQPS0 Pq taz wrqn eutateu qt
�nhet�taneeu qt wrqn the �neqoe qh natwta＀ retuqnu whq
ate teu�fentu qt e�t�zenu qh the utate uha＀＀ be ＀ex�ef b{
the utate, qt wnfet �tu awthqt�t{, �n ezeeuu qh the
aiiteiate qh aoqwntu wh�eh oa{ be a＀＀qwef tq be
etef�tef wrqn qt fefwetef htqo an{ u�o�＀at taz ＀ex�ef b{
the Wn�tef Stateu qt an{ utate0
(b) QVJGTS0 Pq taz wrqn the �neqoe qh teu�fentu
anf e�t�zenu qthet than natwta＀ retuqnu uha＀＀ be ＀ex�ef
b{ the utate, qt wnfet �tu awthqt�t{, �n ezeeuu qh 5' qh net
�neqoe, au feh�nef b{ ＀aw, qt at uweh iteatet tate au �u
awthqt�zef b{ a thtee/h�hthu (5/5) xqte qh the oeobetuh�r
qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte qt au w�＀＀ rtqx�fe hqt the
utate the oaz�owo aoqwnt wh�eh oa{ be a＀＀qwef tq be
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
etef�tef aia�nut �neqoe tazeu ＀ex�ef b{ the Wn�tef
Stateu anf qthet utateu0 Vhete uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo
tazat�qn nqt ＀euu than h�xe thqwuanf fq＀＀atu (&5,222) qh
the ezeeuu qh net �neqoe uwb�eet tq taz qxet the
oaz�owo aoqwnt a＀＀qwef tq be etef�tef aia�nut
�neqoe tazeu ＀ex�ef b{ the Wn�tef Stateu anf qthet
utateu0
(e) GHHGEVKVG DAVG0 Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ beeqoe
ehheet�xe �ooef�ate＀{ wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu qh
H＀qt�fa0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 9/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;930
SGEVKQP 80 Jqoeuteaf ezeort�qnu0´
(a) Gxet{ retuqn whq hau the ＀eia＀ qt eqw�tab＀e t�t＀e
tq tea＀ eutate anf oa�nta�nu theteqn the retoanent
teu�fenee qh the qwnet, qt anqthet ＀eia＀＀{ qt natwta＀＀{
ferenfent wrqn the qwnet, uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo
tazat�qn theteqn, ezeert auueuuoentu hqt uree�a＀ ben/
eh�tu, wr tq the auueuuef xa＀wat�qn qh twent{/h�xe
thqwuanf fq＀＀atu anf, hqt a＀＀ ＀ex�eu qthet than uehqq＀
f�utt�et ＀ex�eu, qn the auueuuef xa＀wat�qn iteatet than
h�ht{ thqwuanf fq＀＀atu anf wr tq uexent{/h�xe thqwuanf
fq＀＀atu, wrqn eutab＀�uhoent qh t�iht thetetq �n the
oannet rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe tea＀ eutate oa{ be
he＀f b{ ＀eia＀ qt eqw�tab＀e t�t＀e, b{ the ent�tet�eu, �q�nt＀{, �n
eqooqn, au a eqnfqo�n�wo, qt �nf�teet＀{ b{ utqe�
qwnetuh�r qt oeobetuh�r terteuent�ni the qwnet'u qt
oeobet'u rtqrt�etat{ �nteteut �n a eqtrqtat�qn qwn�ni a
hee qt a ＀eauehq＀f �n�t�a＀＀{ �n ezeeuu qh n�net{/e�iht
{eatu0 Vhe ezeort�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{ w�th teureet tq an{
auueuuoent tq＀＀ wnt�＀ uweh tq＀＀ �u h�tut feteto�nef tq be �n
eqor＀�anee w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh ueet�qn 6 b{ a utate
aiene{ feu�inatef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vh�u ezeort�qn �u
terea＀ef qn the ehheet�xe fate qh an{ aoenfoent tq th�u
Att�e＀e wh�eh rtqx�feu hqt the auueuuoent qh hqoeuteaf
rtqrett{ at ＀euu than �wut xa＀we0
(b) Pqt oqte than qne ezeort�qn uha＀＀ be a＀＀qwef
an{ �nf�x�fwa＀ qt hao�＀{ wn�t qt w�th teureet tq an{
teu�fent�a＀ wn�t0 Pq ezeort�qn uha＀＀ ezeeef the xa＀we qh
the tea＀ eutate auueuuab＀e tq the qwnet qt, �n eaue qh
qwnetuh�r thtqwih utqe� qt oeobetuh�r �n a eqtrqta/
t�qn, the xa＀we qh the rtqrqtt�qn wh�eh the �nteteut �n the
eqtrqtat�qn beatu tq the auueuuef xa＀we qh the rtqrett{0
(e) D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu uree/
�h�ef thete�n, the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ rtqx�fe tq tentetu, whq
ate retoanent teu�fentu, af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh qn a＀＀ af
xa＀qteo taz ＀ex�eu0 Sweh af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh uha＀＀ be �n
the hqto anf aoqwnt eutab＀�uhef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
3(f) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, a＀＀qw
eqwnt�eu qt own�e�ra＀�t�eu, hqt the rwtrque qh the�t
teureet�xe taz ＀ex�eu anf uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh
ieneta＀ ＀aw, tq itant e�thet qt bqth qh the hq＀＀qw�ni
aff�t�qna＀ hqoeuteaf taz ezeort�qnu<
(3) An ezeort�qn nqt ezeeef�ni h�ht{ thqwuanf
fq＀＀atu tq a retuqn whq hau the ＀eia＀ qt eqw�tab＀e t�t＀e
tq tea＀ eutate anf oa�nta�nu theteqn the retoanent
teu�fenee qh the qwnet, whq hau atta�nef aie u�zt{/h�xe,
anf whque hqwuehq＀f �neqoe, au feh�nef b{ ieneta＀
＀aw, fqeu nqt ezeeef twent{ thqwuanf fq＀＀atu; qt
(2) An ezeort�qn eqwa＀ tq the auueuuef xa＀we qh the
rtqrett{ tq a retuqn whq hau the ＀eia＀ qt eqw�tab＀e t�t＀e
tq tea＀ eutate w�th a �wut xa＀we ＀euu than twq hwnftef anf
h�ht{ thqwuanf fq＀＀atu, au feteto�nef �n the h�tut taz {eat
28
ATVKENG VKK
that the qwnet arr＀�eu anf �u e＀�i�b＀e hqt the ezeort�qn,
anf whq hau oa�nta�nef theteqn the retoanent teu�/
fenee qh the qwnet hqt nqt ＀euu than twent{/h�xe {eatu,
whq hau atta�nef aie u�zt{/h�xe, anf whque hqwuehq＀f
�neqoe fqeu nqt ezeeef the �neqoe ＀�o�tat�qn rte/
uet�bef �n rataitarh (3)0
Vhe ieneta＀ ＀aw owut a＀＀qw eqwnt�eu anf own�e�ra＀�t�eu
tq itant theue aff�t�qna＀ ezeort�qnu, w�th�n the ＀�o�tu
rteuet�bef �n th�u uwbueet�qn, b{ qtf�nanee afqrtef �n
the oannet rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, anf owut rtqx�fe
hqt the ret�qf�e af�wutoent qh the �neqoe ＀�o�tat�qn
rteuet�bef �n th�u uwbueet�qn hqt ehanieu �n the equt qh
＀�x�ni0
(e) Gaeh xetetan whq �u aie 85 qt q＀fet whq �u
ratt�a＀＀{ qt tqta＀＀{ retoanent＀{ f�uab＀ef uha＀＀ teee�xe a
f�ueqwnt htqo the aoqwnt qh the af xa＀qteo taz
qthetw�ue qwef qn hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ the xetetan
qwnu anf teu�feu �n �h the f�uab�＀�t{ wau eqobat te＀atef
anf the xetetan wau hqnqtab＀{ f�uehatief wrqn
ueratat�qn htqo o�＀�tat{ uetx�ee0 Vhe f�ueqwnt uha＀＀ be
�n a reteentaie eqwa＀ tq the reteentaie qh the xetetan'u
retoanent, uetx�ee/eqnneetef f�uab�＀�t{ au feteto�nef
b{ the Wn�tef Stateu Derattoent qh Vetetanu Ahha�tu0 Vq
qwa＀�h{ hqt the f�ueqwnt itantef b{ th�u uwbueet�qn, an
arr＀�eant owut uwbo�t tq the eqwnt{ rtqrett{ arrta�uet,
b{ Mateh 3, an qhh�e�a＀ ＀ettet htqo the Wn�tef Stateu
Derattoent qh Vetetanu Ahha�tu utat�ni the reteentaie
qh the xetetan'u uetx�ee/eqnneetef f�uab�＀�t{ anf uweh
ex�fenee that teauqnab＀{ �fent�h�eu the f�uab�＀�t{ au
eqobat te＀atef anf a eqr{ qh the xetetan'u hqnqtab＀e
f�uehatie0 Kh the rtqrett{ arrta�uet fen�eu the teqweut
hqt a f�ueqwnt, the arrta�uet owut nqt�h{ the arr＀�eant �n
wt�t�ni qh the teauqnu hqt the fen�a＀, anf the xetetan
oa{ tearr＀{0 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte oa{, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw,
wa�xe the annwa＀ arr＀�eat�qn teqw�teoent �n uwbueqwent
{eatu0 Vh�u uwbueet�qn �u ue＀h/ezeewt�ni anf fqeu nqt
teqw�te �or＀eoent�ni ＀ei�u＀at�qn0
(h) D{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uwb�eet tq eqnf�t�qnu anf
＀�o�tat�qnu uree�h�ef thete�n, the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ rtq/
x�fe af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh eqwa＀ tq the tqta＀ aoqwnt qt a
rqtt�qn qh the af xa＀qteo taz qthetw�ue qwef qn
hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ tq<
(3) Vhe uwtx�x�ni urqwue qh a xetetan whq f�ef htqo
uetx�ee/eqnneetef eawueu wh�＀e qn aet�xe fwt{ au a
oeobet qh the Wn�tef Stateu Atoef Hqteeu0
(2) Vhe uwtx�x�ni urqwue qh a h�tut teurqnfet whq
f�ef �n the ＀�ne qh fwt{0
(5) A h�tut teurqnfet whq �u tqta＀＀{ anf retoanent＀{
f�uab＀ef au a teuw＀t qh an �n�wt{ qt �n�wt�eu uwuta�nef �n
the ＀�ne qh fwt{0 Eawua＀ eqnneet�qn between a f�uab�＀�t{
anf uetx�ee �n the ＀�ne qh fwt{ uha＀＀ nqt be rteuwoef bwt
owut be feteto�nef au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Hqt
rwtrqueu qh th�u rataitarh, the teto ¬f�uab�＀�t{¹ fqeu
nqt �ne＀wfe a ehtqn�e eqnf�t�qn qt ehtqn�e f�ueaue,
wn＀euu the �n�wt{ uwuta�nef �n the ＀�ne qh fwt{ wau the
uq＀e eawue qh the ehtqn�e eqnf�t�qn qt ehtqn�e f�ueaue0
Au wuef �n th�u uwbueet�qn anf au hwtthet feh�nef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw, the teto ¬h�tut teurqnfet¹ oeanu a ＀aw
enhqteeoent qhh�eet, a eqtteet�qna＀ qhh�eet, a h�teh�ihtet,
an eoetiene{ oef�ea＀ teehn�e�an, qt a rataoef�e, anf
the teto ¬�n the ＀�ne qh fwt{¹ oeanu at�u�ni qwt qh anf �n
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
the aetwa＀ rethqtoanee qh fwt{ teqw�tef b{ eor＀q{oent
au a h�tut teurqnfet0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 3/D, 3;9;; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 S0J0T0 6/G, 3;82; afqrtef
3;82; Ao0 J0J0T0 5353, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 J0J0T0 555, 2228; afqrtef 2228; Ao0 J0J0T0 853,
2228; afqrtef 2228; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 2/D, 2229; afqrtef 2228; Ao0 S0J0T0 5;2,
2233; afqrtef 2232; Ao0 J0J0T0 ;5, 2232; afqrtef 2232; Ao0 J0J0T0 38;, 2232;
afqrtef 2232; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 295, 2238; afqrtef 2238; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0
322;, 2238; afqrtef 22380
3
Pqte0´Seet�qn 58, Att0 ZKK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, rtqx�feu �n ratt that ¬the
aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK tex�u�ni the �wut xa＀we feteto�nat�qn hqt
the aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn hqt retuqnu aie u�zt{/h�xe qt q＀fet uha＀＀ ta�e
ehheet Janwat{ 3, 2239, 0 0 0 anf uha＀＀ qretate tettqaet�xe＀{ tq Janwat{ 3, 2235, hqt
an{ retuqn whq teee�xef the ezeort�qn wnfet rataitarh (2) qh Seet�qn 8(f) qh
Att�e＀e VKK behqte Janwat{ 3, 22390¹
SGEVKQP 90 A＀＀qeat�qn qh rat�/owtwe＀ tazeu0´
Vazeu wrqn the qretat�qn qh rat�/owtwe＀ rqq＀u oa{ be
rteeortef tq the utate qt a＀＀qeatef �n whq＀e qt �n ratt tq
the eqwnt�eu0 Yhen a＀＀qeatef tq the eqwnt�eu, the
f�utt�bwt�qn uha＀＀ be �n eqwa＀ aoqwntu tq the uexeta＀
eqwnt�eu0
SGEVKQP 80 A�f tq ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu0´State
hwnfu oa{ be arrtqrt�atef tq the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu,
uehqq＀ f�utt�etu, own�e�ra＀�t�eu qt uree�a＀ f�utt�etu wrqn
uweh eqnf�t�qnu au oa{ be rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
Vheue eqnf�t�qnu oa{ �ne＀wfe the wue qh te＀at�xe af
xa＀qteo auueuuoent ＀exe＀u feteto�nef b{ a utate
aiene{ feu�inatef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 6/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
SGEVKQP ;0 Nqea＀ tazeu0´
(a) Eqwnt�eu, uehqq＀ f�utt�etu, anf own�e�ra＀�t�eu
uha＀＀, anf uree�a＀ f�utt�etu oa{, be awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw
tq ＀ex{ af xa＀qteo tazeu anf oa{ be awthqt�zef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw tq ＀ex{ qthet tazeu, hqt the�t teureet�xe
rwtrqueu, ezeert af xa＀qteo tazeu qn �ntani�b＀e
retuqna＀ rtqrett{ anf tazeu rtqh�b�tef b{ th�u eqnut�tw/
t�qn0
(b) Af xa＀qteo tazeu, eze＀wu�xe qh tazeu ＀ex�ef hqt
the ra{oent qh bqnfu anf tazeu ＀ex�ef hqt ret�qfu nqt
＀qniet than twq {eatu when awthqt�zef b{ xqte qh the
e＀eetqtu whq ate the qwnetu qh hteehq＀fu thete�n nqt
whq＀＀{ ezeort htqo tazat�qn, uha＀＀ nqt be ＀ex�ef �n
ezeeuu qh the hq＀＀qw�ni o�＀＀aieu wrqn the auueuuef
xa＀we qh tea＀ eutate anf tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{< hqt
a＀＀ eqwnt{ rwtrqueu, ten o�＀＀u; hqt a＀＀ own�e�ra＀ rwt/
rqueu, ten o�＀＀u; hqt a＀＀ uehqq＀ rwtrqueu, ten o�＀＀u; hqt
watet oanaieoent rwtrqueu hqt the nqtthweut rqtt�qn
qh the utate ＀{�ni weut qh the ＀�ne between tanieu twq
anf thtee eaut, 2025 o�＀＀; hqt watet oanaieoent
rwtrqueu hqt the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qnu qh the utate, 302
o�＀＀; anf hqt a＀＀ qthet uree�a＀ f�utt�etu a o�＀＀aie
awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu
whq ate qwnetu qh hteehq＀fu thete�n nqt whq＀＀{ ezeort
htqo tazat�qn0 A eqwnt{ hwtn�uh�ni own�e�ra＀ uetx�eeu
oa{, tq the eztent awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, ＀ex{ aff�t�qna＀
tazeu w�th�n the ＀�o�tu h�zef hqt own�e�ra＀ rwtrqueu0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 S0J0T0 3283, 3;95; afqrtef 3;980
SGEVKQP 320 P＀efi�ni etef�t0´Pe�thet the utate
nqt an{ eqwnt{, uehqq＀ f�utt�et, own�e�ra＀�t{, uree�a＀
f�utt�et, qt aiene{ qh an{ qh theo, uha＀＀ beeqoe a �q�nt
qwnet w�th, qt utqe�hq＀fet qh, qt i�xe, ＀enf qt wue �tu
taz�ni rqwet qt etef�t tq a�f an{ eqtrqtat�qn,
2;
ATVKENG VKK
auuqe�at�qn, rattnetuh�r qt retuqn; bwt th�u uha＀＀ nqt
rtqh�b�t ＀awu awthqt�z�ni<
(a) the �nxeutoent qh rwb＀�e ttwut hwnfu;
(b) the �nxeutoent qh qthet rwb＀�e hwnfu �n qb＀�ia/
t�qnu qh, qt �nuwtef b{, the Wn�tef Stateu qt an{ qh �tu
�nuttwoenta＀�t�eu;
(e) the �uuwanee anf ua＀e b{ an{ eqwnt{, own�e�/
ra＀�t{, uree�a＀ f�utt�et qt qthet ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ bqf{
qh (3) texenwe bqnfu tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee the equt qh
ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu hqt a�trqttu qt rqtt hae�＀�t�eu, qt (2)
texenwe bqnfu tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee the equt qh
ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu hqt �nfwutt�a＀ qt oanwhaetwt�ni r＀antu
tq the eztent that the �nteteut theteqn �u ezeort htqo
�neqoe tazeu wnfet the then ez�ut�ni ＀awu qh the Wn�tef
Stateu, when, �n e�thet eaue, the texenwe bqnfu ate
ra{ab＀e uq＀e＀{ htqo texenwe fet�xef htqo the ua＀e,
qretat�qn qt ＀eau�ni qh the rtq�eetu0 Kh an{ rtq�eet uq
h�naneef, qt an{ ratt theteqh, �u qeewr�ef qt qretatef b{
an{ rt�xate eqtrqtat�qn, auuqe�at�qn, rattnetuh�r qt
retuqn rwtuwant tq eqnttaet qt ＀eaue w�th the �uuw�ni
bqf{, the rtqrett{ �nteteut eteatef b{ uweh eqnttaet qt
＀eaue uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq tazat�qn tq the uaoe eztent au
qthet rt�xate＀{ qwnef rtqrett{0
(f) a own�e�ra＀�t{, eqwnt{, uree�a＀ f�utt�et, qt aiene{
qh an{ qh theo, be�ni a �q�nt qwnet qh, i�x�ni, qt ＀enf�ni
qt wu�ni �tu taz�ni rqwet qt etef�t hqt the �q�nt qwnetuh�r,
eqnuttwet�qn anf qretat�qn qh e＀eett�ea＀ eneti{ ienetat/
�ni qt ttanuo�uu�qn hae�＀�t�eu w�th an{ eqtrqtat�qn,
auuqe�at�qn, rattnetuh�r qt retuqn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3626, 3;95; afqrtef 3;960
SGEVKQP 330 State bqnfu; texenwe bqnfu0´
(a) State bqnfu r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh
the utate oa{ be �uuwef qn＀{ tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee the
equt qh utate h�zef ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu awthqt�zef b{
＀aw, anf rwtrqueu �ne�fenta＀ thetetq, wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{
a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu; rtqx�fef utate bqnfu �uuwef
rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn oa{ be tehwnfef w�thqwt a
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu at a ＀qwet net axetaie �nteteut equt
tate0 Vhe tqta＀ qwtutanf�ni rt�ne�ra＀ qh utate bqnfu
�uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ nexet ezeeef
h�ht{ reteent qh the tqta＀ taz texenweu qh the utate hqt the
twq rteeef�ni h�uea＀ {eatu, eze＀wf�ni an{ taz texenweu
he＀f �n ttwut wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn0
(b) Mqne{u uwhh�e�ent tq ra{ febt uetx�ee qn utate
bqnfu au the uaoe beeqoeu fwe uha＀＀ be arrtqrt�atef
b{ ＀aw0
(e) An{ utate bqnfu r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t
qh the utate �uuwef wnfet th�u ueet�qn qt an{ qthet
ueet�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn oa{ be eqob�nef hqt the
rwtrqueu qh ua＀e0
(f) Texenwe bqnfu oa{ be �uuwef b{ the utate qt �tu
aiene�eu w�thqwt a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu tq h�nanee qt
teh�nanee the equt qh utate h�zef ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu
awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, anf rwtrqueu �ne�fenta＀ thetetq, anf
uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e uq＀e＀{ htqo hwnfu fet�xef f�teet＀{ htqo
uqwteeu qthet than utate taz texenweu0
(e) Dqnfu r＀efi�ni a＀＀ qt ratt qh a fef�eatef utate taz
texenwe oa{ be �uuwef b{ the utate �n the oannet
rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee the
aeqw�u�t�qn anf �ortqxeoent qh ＀anf, watet ateau, anf
te＀atef rtqrett{ �nteteutu anf teuqwteeu hqt the rwt/
rqueu qh eqnuetxat�qn, qwtfqqt teeteat�qn, watet
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
teuqwtee fexe＀qroent, teutqtat�qn qh natwta＀ u{uteou,
anf h�utqt�e rteuetxat�qn0
(h) Gaeh rtq�eet, bw�＀f�ni, qt hae�＀�t{ tq be h�naneef qt
teh�naneef w�th texenwe bqnfu �uuwef wnfet th�u
ueet�qn uha＀＀ h�tut be arrtqxef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte b{
an aet te＀at�ni tq arrtqrt�at�qnu qt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 832, 3;86; afqrtef 3;86; Ao0 rtqrquef
b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 5, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{
qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 320 Nqea＀ bqnfu0´Eqwnt�eu, uehqq＀
f�utt�etu, own�e�ra＀�t�eu, uree�a＀ f�utt�etu anf ＀qea＀ iqx/
etnoenta＀ bqf�eu w�th taz�ni rqwetu oa{ �uuwe bqnfu,
eett�h�eateu qh �nfebtefneuu qt an{ hqto qh taz ant�e�ra/
t�qn eett�h�eateu, ra{ab＀e htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn anf
oatwt�ni oqte than twe＀xe oqnthu ahtet �uuwanee qn＀{<
(a) tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu awthqt/
�zef b{ ＀aw anf qn＀{ when arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the
e＀eetqtu whq ate qwnetu qh hteehq＀fu thete�n nqt whq＀＀{
ezeort htqo tazat�qn; qt
(b) tq tehwnf qwtutanf�ni bqnfu anf �nteteut anf
tefeort�qn rteo�wo theteqn at a ＀qwet net axetaie
�nteteut equt tate0
SGEVKQP 350 Te＀�eh htqo �＀＀eia＀ tazeu0´Wnt�＀
ra{oent qh a＀＀ tazeu wh�eh haxe been ＀eia＀＀{ auueuuef
wrqn the rtqrett{ qh the uaoe qwnet, nq eqwtt uha＀＀
itant te＀�eh htqo the ra{oent qh an{ taz that oa{ be
�＀＀eia＀ qt �＀＀eia＀＀{ auueuuef0
SGEVKQP 360 Dqnfu hqt rq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf
abateoent anf qthet watet hae�＀�t�eu0´
(a) Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, utate bqnfu r＀efi�ni
the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate oa{ be �uuwef w�thqwt
an e＀eet�qn tq h�nanee the eqnuttwet�qn qh a�t anf watet
rq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf abateoent anf uq＀�f waute f�u/
rqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu anf qthet watet hae�＀�t�eu awthqt�zef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw (hete�n tehettef tq au ¬hae�＀�t�eu¹) tq be
qretatef b{ an{ own�e�ra＀�t{, eqwnt{, f�utt�et qt awthqt/
�t{, qt an{ aiene{ theteqh (hete�n tehettef tq au ¬＀qea＀
iqxetnoenta＀ aiene�eu¹), qt b{ an{ aiene{ qh the State
qh H＀qt�fa0 Sweh bqnfu uha＀＀ be ueewtef b{ a r＀efie qh
anf uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo a＀＀ qt an{ ratt qh
texenweu tq be fet�xef htqo qretat�qn qh uweh hae�＀�t�eu,
uree�a＀ auueuuoentu, tenta＀u tq be teee�xef wnfet
＀eaue/rwtehaue aiteeoentu hete�n rtqx�fef hqt, an{
qthet texenweu that oa{ be ＀eia＀＀{ axa�＀ab＀e hqt uweh
rwtrque, �ne＀wf�ni texenweu htqo qthet hae�＀�t�eu, qt an{
eqob�nat�qn theteqh (hete�n eq＀＀eet�xe＀{ tehettef tq au
¬r＀efief texenweu¹), anf uha＀＀ be aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef
b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the State qh H＀qt�fa0
(b) Pq uweh bqnfu uha＀＀ be �uuwef wn＀euu a utate
h�uea＀ aiene{, eteatef b{ ＀aw, hau oafe a feteto�nat�qn
that �n nq utate h�uea＀ {eat w�＀＀ the febt uetx�ee
teqw�teoentu qh the bqnfu rtqrquef tq be �uuwef anf
a＀＀ qthet bqnfu ueewtef b{ the r＀efief texenweu
ezeeef uexent{/h�xe ret eent qh the r＀efief texenweu0
(e) Vhe utate oa{ ＀eaue an{ qh uweh hae�＀�t�eu tq an{
＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene{, wnfet ＀eaue/rwtehaue
aiteeoentu hqt uweh ret�qfu anf wnfet uweh qthet
tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu au oa{ be owtwa＀＀{ aiteef wrqn0
Vhe ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene�eu oa{ r＀efie the
texenweu fet�xef htqo uweh ＀eauef hae�＀�t�eu qt an{
qthet axa�＀ab＀e hwnfu hqt the ra{oent qh tenta＀u
52
ATVKENG VKK
thetewnfet; anf, �n aff�t�qn, the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t
anf taz�ni rqwet qh uweh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene�eu
oa{ be r＀efief hqt the ra{oent qh uweh tenta＀u w�thqwt
an{ e＀eet�qn qh hteehq＀fet e＀eetqtu qt qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu0
(f) Vhe utate oa{ a＀uq �uuwe uweh bqnfu hqt the
rwtrque qh ＀qan�ni oqne{ tq ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀
aiene�eu, hqt the eqnuttwet�qn qh uweh hae�＀�t�eu tq be
qwnef qt qretatef b{ an{ qh uweh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀
aiene�eu0 Sweh ＀qanu uha＀＀ beat �nteteut at nqt oqte
than qne/ha＀h qh qne ret eent ret annwo iteatet than
the ＀aut rteeef�ni �uuwe qh utate bqnfu rwtuwant tq th�u
ueet�qn, uha＀＀ be ueewtef b{ the r＀efief texenweu, anf
oa{ be aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh
the ＀qea＀ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene�eu0
(e) Vhe tqta＀ qwtutanf�ni rt�ne�ra＀ qh utate bqnfu
�uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn 36 uha＀＀ nexet ezeeef
h�ht{ ret eent qh the tqta＀ taz texenweu qh the utate hqt the
twq rteeef�ni h�uea＀ {eatu0
J�utqt{0´E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 5855, 6262, 3;92; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 3693,
3;82; afqrtef 3;820
SGEVKQP 350 Texenwe bqnfu hqt uehq＀atuh�r
＀qanu0´
(a) Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, texenwe bqnfu oa{ be
�uuwef tq eutab＀�uh a hwnf tq oa�e ＀qanu tq utwfentu
feteto�nef e＀�i�b＀e au rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw anf whq haxe
been afo�ttef tq attenf an{ rwb＀�e qt rt�xate �nut�twt�qnu
qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni, �wn�qt eq＀＀eieu, hea＀th te＀atef tta�n�ni
�nut�twt�qnu, qt xqeat�qna＀ tta�n�ni eentetu, wh�eh ate
teeqin�zef qt aeetef�tef wnfet tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu
rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Texenwe bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq
th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be ueewtef b{ a r＀efie qh anf uha＀＀ be
ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo ra{oentu qh �nteteut, rt�ne�ra＀,
anf hanf＀�ni ehatieu tq uweh hwnf htqo the tee�r�entu qh
the ＀qanu anf, �h awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, oa{ be aff�t�qna＀＀{
ueewtef b{ utwfent heeu anf b{ an{ qthet oqne{u �n
uweh hwnf0 Vhete uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef htqo the rtqeeefu
qh eaeh �uuwe qh texenwe bqnfu a teuetxe aeeqwnt �n an
aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq anf uwhh�e�ent tq ra{ the iteateut
aoqwnt qh rt�ne�ra＀, �nteteut, anf hanf＀�ni ehatieu tq
beeqoe fwe qn uweh �uuwe �n an{ enuw�ni utate h�uea＀
{eat0
(b) Knteteut oqne{u �n the hwnf eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant
tq th�u ueet�qn, nqt teqw�tef �n an{ h�uea＀ {eat hqt
ra{oent qh febt uetx�ee qn then qwtutanf�ni texenwe
bqnfu qt hqt oa�ntenanee qh the teuetxe aeeqwnt, oa{
be wuef hqt efweat�qna＀ ＀qanu tq utwfentu feteto�nef tq
be e＀�i�b＀e thetehqt �n the oannet rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, qt hqt
uweh qthet te＀atef rwtrqueu au oa{ be rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 68/D, 3;93; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 380 Dqnfu hqt hqwu�ni anf te＀atef
hae�＀�t�eu0´
(a) Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, texenwe bqnfu oa{ be
�uuwef w�thqwt an e＀eet�qn tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee
hqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu �n H＀qt�fa, hete�n tehettef
tq au ¬hae�＀�t�eu0¹
(b) Vhe bqnfu uha＀＀ be ueewtef b{ a r＀efie qh anf
uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo a＀＀ qt an{ ratt qh
texenweu tq be fet�xef htqo the h�nane�ni, qretat�qn
qt ua＀e qh uweh hae�＀�t�eu, oqttiaie qt ＀qan ra{oentu,
anf an{ qthet texenweu qt auuetu that oa{ be ＀eia＀＀{
axa�＀ab＀e hqt uweh rwtrqueu fet�xef htqo uqwteeu qthet
than af xa＀qteo tazat�qn, �ne＀wf�ni texenweu htqo qthet
ATVKENG VKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
hae�＀�t�eu, qt an{ eqob�nat�qn theteqh, hete�n eq＀＀eet�xe＀{
tehettef tq au ¬r＀efief texenweu,¹ rtqx�fef that �n nq
exent uha＀＀ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate be
r＀efief tq ueewte uweh texenwe bqnfu0
(e) Pq bqnfu uha＀＀ be �uuwef wn＀euu a utate h�uea＀
aiene{, eteatef b{ ＀aw, hau oafe a feteto�nat�qn that
�n nq utate h�uea＀ {eat w�＀＀ the febt uetx�ee teqw�teoentu
qh the bqnfu rtqrquef tq be �uuwef anf a＀＀ qthet bqnfu
ueewtef b{ the uaoe r＀efief texenweu ezeeef the
r＀efief texenweu axa�＀ab＀e hqt ra{oent qh uweh febt
uetx�ee teqw�teoentu, au feh�nef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Affef, S0J0T0 8/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
SGEVKQP 390 Dqnfu hqt aeqw�t�ni ttanurqtta/
t�qn t�iht/qh/wa{ qt hqt eqnuttwet�ni bt�fieu0´
(a) Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, utate bqnfu r＀efi�ni
the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate oa{ be �uuwef,
w�thqwt a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee the
equt qh aeqw�t�ni tea＀ rtqrett{ qt the t�ihtu tq tea＀
rtqrett{ hqt utate tqafu au feh�nef b{ ＀aw, qt tq h�nanee
qt teh�nanee the equt qh utate bt�fie eqnuttwet�qn, anf
rwtrqueu �ne�fenta＀ tq uweh rtqrett{ aeqw�u�t�qn qt utate
bt�fie eqnuttwet�qn0
(b) Dqnfu �uuwef wnfet th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be ueewtef
b{ a r＀efie qh anf uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo oqtqt
hwe＀ qt uree�a＀ hwe＀ tazeu, ezeert thque feh�nef �n
Seet�qn ;(e) qh Att�e＀e ZKK, au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, anf
uha＀＀ aff�t�qna＀＀{ be ueewtef b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh
the utate0
(e) Pq bqnfu uha＀＀ be �uuwef wnfet th�u ueet�qn
wn＀euu a utate h�uea＀ aiene{, eteatef b{ ＀aw, hau oafe a
feteto�nat�qn that �n nq utate h�uea＀ {eat w�＀＀ the febt
uetx�ee teqw�teoentu qh the bqnfu rtqrquef tq be
�uuwef anf a＀＀ qthet bqnfu ueewtef b{ the uaoe
r＀efief texenweu ezeeef n�net{ reteent qh the r＀efief
texenweu axa�＀ab＀e hqt ra{oent qh uweh febt uetx�ee
teqw�teoentu, au feh�nef b{ ＀aw0 Hqt the rwtrqueu qh
th�u uwbueet�qn, the teto ¬r＀efief texenweu¹ oeanu a＀＀
texenweu r＀efief tq the ra{oent qh febt uetx�ee,
eze＀wf�ni an{ r＀efie qh the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the
utate0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 5;3, 3;88; afqrtef 3;880
SGEVKQP 380 Nawu teqw�t�ni eqwnt�eu qt own�/
e�ra＀�t�eu tq urenf hwnfu qt ＀�o�t�ni the�t ab�＀�t{ tq
ta�ue texenwe qt teee�xe utate taz texenwe0´
(a) Pq eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ uha＀＀ be bqwnf b{ an{
ieneta＀ ＀aw teqw�t�ni uweh eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ tq
urenf hwnfu qt tq ta�e an aet�qn teqw�t�ni the ezren/
f�twte qh hwnfu wn＀euu the ＀ei�u＀atwte hau feteto�nef
that uweh ＀aw hw＀h�＀＀u an �orqttant utate �nteteut anf
wn＀euu< hwnfu haxe been arrtqrt�atef that haxe been
eut�oatef at the t�oe qh enaetoent tq be uwhh�e�ent tq
hwnf uweh ezrenf�twte; the ＀ei�u＀atwte awthqt�zeu qt hau
awthqt�zef a eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ tq enaet a hwnf�ni
uqwtee nqt axa�＀ab＀e hqt uweh eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{ qn
Hebtwat{ 3, 3;8;, that ean be wuef tq ienetate the
aoqwnt qh hwnfu eut�oatef tq be uwhh�e�ent tq hwnf uweh
ezrenf�twte b{ a u�or＀e oa�qt�t{ xqte qh the iqxetn�ni
bqf{ qh uweh eqwnt{ qt own�e�ra＀�t{; the ＀aw teqw�t�ni
uweh ezrenf�twte �u arrtqxef b{ twq/th�tfu qh the
oeobetuh�r �n eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte; the
ezrenf�twte �u teqw�tef tq eqor＀{ w�th a ＀aw that arr＀�eu
53
ATVKENG VKKK
tq a＀＀ retuqnu u�o�＀at＀{ u�twatef, �ne＀wf�ni the utate anf
＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu; qt the ＀aw �u e�thet teqw�tef tq
eqor＀{ w�th a hefeta＀ teqw�teoent qt teqw�tef hqt
e＀�i�b�＀�t{ hqt a hefeta＀ ent�t＀eoent, wh�eh hefeta＀ teqw�te/
oent uree�h�ea＀＀{ eqnteor＀ateu aet�qnu b{ eqwnt�eu qt
own�e�ra＀�t�eu hqt eqor＀�anee0
(b) Gzeert wrqn arrtqxa＀ qh eaeh hqwue qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte b{ twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetuh�r, the ＀ei�u/
＀atwte oa{ nqt enaet, aoenf, qt terea＀ an{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
�h the ant�e�ratef ehheet qh fq�ni uq wqw＀f be tq tefwee
the awthqt�t{ that own�e�ra＀�t�eu qt eqwnt�eu haxe tq ta�ue
texenweu �n the aiiteiate, au uweh awthqt�t{ ez�utu qn
Hebtwat{ 3, 3;8;0
(e) Gzeert wrqn arrtqxa＀ qh eaeh hqwue qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte b{ twq/th�tfu qh the oeobetuh�r, the ＀ei�u/
＀atwte oa{ nqt enaet, aoenf, qt terea＀ an{ ieneta＀ ＀aw
�h the ant�e�ratef ehheet qh fq�ni uq wqw＀f be tq tefwee
the reteentaie qh a utate taz uhatef w�th eqwnt�eu anf
own�e�ra＀�t�eu au an aiiteiate qn Hebtwat{ 3, 3;8;0
Vhe rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{ tq
enhaneeoentu enaetef ahtet Hebtwat{ 3, 3;8;, tq utate
taz uqwteeu, qt fwt�ni a h�uea＀ eoetiene{ fee＀atef �n a
wt�tten �q�nt rtqe＀aoat�qn �uuwef b{ the rteu�fent qh the
uenate anf the urea�et qh the hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu,
qt whete the ＀ei�u＀atwte rtqx�feu aff�t�qna＀ utate/
uhatef texenweu wh�eh ate ant�e�ratef tq be uwhh�e�ent
tq ter＀aee the ant�e�ratef aiiteiate ＀quu qh utate/
uhatef texenweu teuw＀t�ni htqo the tefwet�qn qh the
reteentaie qh the utate taz uhatef w�th eqwnt�eu anf
own�e�ra＀�t�eu, wh�eh uqwtee qh ter＀aeeoent texenweu
uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq the uaoe teqw�teoentu hqt terea＀ qt
oqf�h�eat�qn au rtqx�fef hete�n hqt a utate/uhatef taz
uqwtee ez�ut�ni qn Hebtwat{ 3, 3;8;0
(f) Nawu afqrtef tq teqw�te hwnf�ni qh renu�qn
beneh�tu ez�ut�ni qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u ueet�qn,
et�o�na＀ ＀awu, e＀eet�qn ＀awu, the ieneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qnu
aet, uree�a＀ arrtqrt�at�qnu aetu, ＀awu teawthqt�z�ni bwt
nqt ezranf�ni then/ez�ut�ni utatwtqt{ awthqt�t{, ＀awu
hax�ni �nu�in�h�eant h�uea＀ �oraet, anf ＀awu eteat�ni,
oqf�h{�ni, qt terea＀�ni nqnet�o�na＀ �nhtaet�qnu, ate
ezeort htqo the teqw�teoentu qh th�u ueet�qn0
(e) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ enaet ＀awu tq auu�ut �n the
�or＀eoentat�qn anf enhqteeoent qh th�u ueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 35;, 62, 3;8;;
afqrtef 3;;20
ATVKENG VKKK
NQEAN GQVGTPMGPV
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
Eqwnt�eu0
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu0
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn0
Vtanuhet qh rqwetu0
Nqea＀ qrt�qn0
Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e VKKK0
SGEVKQP 30 Eqwnt�eu0´
(a) PQNKVKEAN SWDDKVKSKQPS0 Vhe utate uha＀＀
be f�x�fef b{ ＀aw �ntq rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu ea＀＀ef
eqwnt�eu0 Eqwnt�eu oa{ be eteatef, abq＀�uhef qt
ATVKENG VKKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ehanief b{ ＀aw, w�th rtqx�u�qn hqt ra{oent qt arrqt/
t�qnoent qh the rwb＀�e febt0
(b) EQWPVY HWPDS0 Vhe eate, ewutqf{ anf
oethqf qh f�ubwtu�ni eqwnt{ hwnfu uha＀＀ be rtqx�fef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(e) GQVGTPMGPV0 Pwtuwant tq ieneta＀ qt ure/
e�a＀ ＀aw, a eqwnt{ iqxetnoent oa{ be eutab＀�uhef b{
ehattet wh�eh uha＀＀ be afqrtef, aoenfef qt terea＀ef
qn＀{ wrqn xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh the eqwnt{ �n a uree�a＀
e＀eet�qn ea＀＀ef hqt that rwtrque0
(f) EQWPVY QHHKEGTS0 Vhete uha＀＀ be e＀eetef
b{ the e＀eetqtu qh eaeh eqwnt{, hqt tetou qh hqwt {eatu, a
uhet�hh, a taz eq＀＀eetqt, a rtqrett{ arrta�uet, a uwret/
x�uqt qh e＀eet�qnu, anf a e＀et� qh the e�tew�t eqwtt; ezeert,
when rtqx�fef b{ eqwnt{ ehattet qt uree�a＀ ＀aw
arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh the eqwnt{, an{
eqwnt{ qhh�eet oa{ be ehquen �n anqthet oannet thete�n
uree�h�ef, qt an{ eqwnt{ qhh�ee oa{ be abq＀�uhef when
a＀＀ the fwt�eu qh the qhh�ee rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw ate
ttanuhettef tq anqthet qhh�ee0 Yhen nqt qthetw�ue
rtqx�fef b{ eqwnt{ ehattet qt uree�a＀ ＀aw arrtqxef b{
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, the e＀et� qh the e�tew�t eqwtt uha＀＀ be
ez qhh�e�q e＀et� qh the bqatf qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu,
awf�tqt, teeqtfet anf ewutqf�an qh a＀＀ eqwnt{ hwnfu0
(e) EQMMKSSKQPGTS0 Gzeert when qthetw�ue
rtqx�fef b{ eqwnt{ ehattet, the iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh
eaeh eqwnt{ uha＀＀ be a bqatf qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu
eqorquef qh h�xe qt uexen oeobetu uetx�ni utaiietef
tetou qh hqwt {eatu0 Ahtet eaeh feeenn�a＀ eenuwu the
bqatf qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu uha＀＀ f�x�fe the eqwnt{
�ntq f�utt�etu qh eqnt�iwqwu tett�tqt{ au neat＀{ eqwa＀ �n
rqrw＀at�qn au rtaet�eab＀e0 Qne eqoo�uu�qnet teu�f�ni �n
eaeh f�utt�et uha＀＀ be e＀eetef au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(h) PQP/EJATVGT GQVGTPMGPV0 Eqwnt�eu
nqt qretat�ni wnfet eqwnt{ ehattetu uha＀＀ haxe uweh
rqwet qh ue＀h/iqxetnoent au �u rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ qt
uree�a＀ ＀aw0 Vhe bqatf qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu qh a
eqwnt{ nqt qretat�ni wnfet a ehattet oa{ enaet, �n a
oannet rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, eqwnt{ qtf�naneeu
nqt �neqnu�utent w�th ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀ ＀aw, bwt an
qtf�nanee �n eqnh＀�et w�th a own�e�ra＀ qtf�nanee uha＀＀ nqt
be ehheet�xe w�th�n the own�e�ra＀�t{ tq the eztent qh uweh
eqnh＀�et0
(i) EJATVGT GQVGTPMGPV0 Eqwnt�eu qretat/
�ni wnfet eqwnt{ ehattetu uha＀＀ haxe a＀＀ rqwetu qh ＀qea＀
ue＀h/iqxetnoent nqt �neqnu�utent w�th ieneta＀ ＀aw, qt
w�th uree�a＀ ＀aw arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu0 Vhe
iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh a eqwnt{ qretat�ni wnfet a ehattet
oa{ enaet eqwnt{ qtf�naneeu nqt �neqnu�utent w�th
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe ehattet uha＀＀ rtqx�fe wh�eh uha＀＀
rtexa�＀ �n the exent qh eqnh＀�et between eqwnt{ anf
own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu0
(h) VAZGS; NKMKVAVKQP0 Ptqrett{ u�twate w�th�n
own�e�ra＀�t�eu uha＀＀ nqt be uwb�eet tq tazat�qn hqt
uetx�eeu tenfetef b{ the eqwnt{ eze＀wu�xe＀{ hqt the
beneh�t qh the rtqrett{ qt teu�fentu �n wn�neqtrqtatef
ateau0
(�) EQWPVY QTDKPAPEGS0 Gaeh eqwnt{ qtf�/
nanee uha＀＀ be h�＀ef w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu
anf uha＀＀ beeqoe ehheet�xe at uweh t�oe theteahtet au �u
rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
52
ATVKENG VKKK
(�) VKQNAVKQP QH QTDKPAPEGS0 Petuqnu x�q/
＀at�ni eqwnt{ qtf�naneeu uha＀＀ be rtqueewtef anf
rwn�uhef au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(�) EQWPVY SGAV0 Kn exet{ eqwnt{ thete uha＀＀ be
a eqwnt{ ueat at wh�eh uha＀＀ be ＀qeatef the rt�ne�ra＀
qhh�eeu anf retoanent teeqtfu qh a＀＀ eqwnt{ qhh�eetu0 Vhe
eqwnt{ ueat oa{ nqt be oqxef ezeert au rtqx�fef b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Dtaneh qhh�eeu hqt the eqnfwet qh eqwnt{
bwu�neuu oa{ be eutab＀�uhef e＀uewhete �n the eqwnt{ b{
teuq＀wt�qn qh the iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh the eqwnt{ �n the
oannet rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw0 Pq �nuttwoent uha＀＀ be
feeoef teeqtfef wnt�＀ h�＀ef at the eqwnt{ ueat, qt a
btaneh qhh�ee feu�inatef b{ the iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh the
eqwnt{ hqt the teeqtf�ni qh �nuttwoentu, aeeqtf�ni tq
＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3;29, 3;95; afqrtef 3;96; Ao0 J0J0T0 652, 3;86;
afqrtef 3;86; Ao0 J0J0T0 325, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5,
3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 20 Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu0´
(a) GSVADNKSJMGPV0 Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu oa{ be eu/
tab＀�uhef qt abq＀�uhef anf the�t ehattetu aoenfef
rwtuwant tq ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀ ＀aw0 Yhen an{ own�e�/
ra＀�t{ �u abq＀�uhef, rtqx�u�qn uha＀＀ be oafe hqt the
rtqteet�qn qh �tu etef�tqtu0
(b) PQYGTS0 Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu uha＀＀ haxe iqxetn/
oenta＀, eqtrqtate anf rtqrt�etat{ rqwetu tq enab＀e
theo tq eqnfwet own�e�ra＀ iqxetnoent, rethqto own�/
e�ra＀ hwnet�qnu anf tenfet own�e�ra＀ uetx�eeu, anf oa{
ezete�ue an{ rqwet hqt own�e�ra＀ rwtrqueu ezeert au
qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Gaeh own�e�ra＀ ＀ei�u＀at�xe
bqf{ uha＀＀ be e＀eet�xe0
(e) APPGZAVKQP0 Mwn�e�ra＀ annezat�qn qh wn�n/
eqtrqtatef tett�tqt{, oetiet qh own�e�ra＀�t�eu, anf ez/
ete�ue qh eztta/tett�tqt�a＀ rqwetu b{ own�e�ra＀�t�eu uha＀＀
be au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 50 Eqnuq＀�fat�qn0´Vhe iqxetnoent qh
a eqwnt{ anf the iqxetnoent qh qne qt oqte own�e�/
ra＀�t�eu ＀qeatef thete�n oa{ be eqnuq＀�fatef �ntq a
u�ni＀e iqxetnoent wh�eh oa{ ezete�ue an{ anf a＀＀
rqwetu qh the eqwnt{ anf the uexeta＀ own�e�ra＀�t�eu0 Vhe
eqnuq＀�fat�qn r＀an oa{ be rtqrquef qn＀{ b{ uree�a＀ ＀aw,
wh�eh uha＀＀ beeqoe ehheet�xe �h arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the
e＀eetqtu qh the eqwnt{, qt qh the eqwnt{ anf own�e�/
ra＀�t�eu ahheetef, au oa{ be rtqx�fef �n the r＀an0
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn uha＀＀ nqt eztenf the tett�tqt�a＀ ueqre qh
tazat�qn hqt the ra{oent qh rte/ez�ut�ni febt ezeert tq
ateau whque teu�fentu teee�xe a beneh�t htqo the hae�＀�t{
qt uetx�ee hqt wh�eh the �nfebtefneuu wau �newttef0
SGEVKQP 60 Vtanuhet qh rqwetu0´D{ ＀aw qt b{
teuq＀wt�qn qh the iqxetn�ni bqf�eu qh eaeh qh the
iqxetnoentu ahheetef, an{ hwnet�qn qt rqwet qh a
eqwnt{, own�e�ra＀�t{ qt uree�a＀ f�utt�et oa{ be ttanu/
hettef tq qt eqnttaetef tq be rethqtoef b{ anqthet
eqwnt{, own�e�ra＀�t{ qt uree�a＀ f�utt�et, ahtet arrtqxa＀ b{
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh the ttanuhetqt anf arrtqxa＀ b{
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh the ttanuhetee, qt au qthetw�ue
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
ATVKENG VKKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
SGEVKQP 50 Nqea＀ qrt�qn0´
(a) Nqea＀ qrt�qn qn the ＀eia＀�t{ qt rtqh�b�t�qn qh the
ua＀e qh �ntqz�eat�ni ＀�qwqtu, w�neu qt beetu uha＀＀ be
rteuetxef tq eaeh eqwnt{0 Vhe utatwu qh a eqwnt{ w�th
teureet thetetq uha＀＀ be ehanief qn＀{ b{ xqte qh the
e＀eetqtu �n a uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn ea＀＀ef wrqn the ret�t�qn qh
twent{/h�xe ret eent qh the e＀eetqtu qh the eqwnt{, anf
nqt uqqnet than twq {eatu ahtet an eat＀�et e＀eet�qn qn the
uaoe qweut�qn0 Yhete ＀eia＀, the ua＀e qh �ntqz�eat�ni
＀�qwqtu, w�neu anf beetu uha＀＀ be teiw＀atef b{ ＀aw0
(b) Gaeh eqwnt{ uha＀＀ haxe the awthqt�t{ tq teqw�te a
et�o�na＀ h�utqt{ teeqtfu ehee� anf a 5 tq 5/fa{ wa�t�ni
ret�qf, eze＀wf�ni wee�enfu anf ＀eia＀ hq＀�fa{u, �n
eqnneet�qn w�th the ua＀e qh an{ h�teato qeewtt�ni w�th�n
uweh eqwnt{0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u uwbueet�qn, the teto
¬ua＀e¹ oeanu the ttanuhet qh oqne{ qt qthet xa＀wab＀e
eqnu�fetat�qn hqt an{ h�teato when an{ ratt qh the
ttanuaet�qn �u eqnfwetef qn rtqrett{ tq wh�eh the rwb＀�e
hau the t�iht qh aeeeuu0 Jq＀fetu qh a eqneea＀ef
wearqnu reto�t au rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀
nqt be uwb�eet tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn when
rwtehau�ni a h�teato0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
32, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e VKKK0´
(a) Vh�u att�e＀e uha＀＀ ter＀aee a＀＀ qh Att�e＀e VKKK qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, ezeert thque uee/
t�qnu ezrteuu＀{ teta�nef anf oafe a ratt qh th�u att�e＀e
b{ tehetenee0
(b) EQWPVKGS; EQWPVY SGAVS; MWPKEKPANK/
VKGS; DKSVTKEVS0 Vhe utatwu qh the hq＀＀qw�ni �teou
au the{ ez�ut qn the fate th�u att�e＀e beeqoeu ehheet�xe �u
teeqin�zef anf uha＀＀ be eqnt�nwef wnt�＀ ehanief �n
aeeqtfanee w�th ＀aw< the eqwnt�eu qh the utate; the�t
utatwu w�th teureet tq the ＀eia＀�t{ qh the ua＀e qh
�ntqz�eat�ni ＀�qwqtu, w�neu anf beetu; the oethqf qh
ue＀eet�qn qh eqwnt{ qhh�eetu; the rethqtoanee qh own�/
e�ra＀ hwnet�qnu b{ eqwnt{ qhh�eetu; the eqwnt{ ueatu; anf
the own�e�ra＀�t�eu anf uree�a＀ f�utt�etu qh the utate, the�t
rqwetu, �wt�uf�et�qn anf iqxetnoent0
(e) QHHKEGTS VQ EQPVKPWG KP QHHKEG0 Gxet{
retuqn hq＀f�ni qhh�ee when th�u att�e＀e beeqoeu ehhee/
t�xe uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto
�h that qhh�ee �u nqt abq＀�uhef0 Kh the qhh�ee �u abq＀�uhef the
�newobent uha＀＀ be ra�f afeqwate eqorenuat�qn, tq be
h�zef b{ ＀aw, hqt the ＀quu qh eoq＀woentu hqt the
teoa�nfet qh the teto0
(f) QTDKPAPEGS0 Nqea＀ ＀awu te＀at�ni qn＀{ tq
wn�neqtrqtatef ateau qh a eqwnt{ qn the ehheet�xe fate
qh th�u att�e＀e oa{ be aoenfef qt terea＀ef b{ eqwnt{
qtf�nanee0
(e) EQPSQNKDAVKQP APD JQMG TWNG0 Att�e＀e
VKKK, Seet�qnu 3;, 232, 533 anf 626, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, uha＀＀ teoa�n �n hw＀＀ hqtee anf ehheet
au tq eaeh eqwnt{ ahheetef, au �h th�u att�e＀e haf nqt been
afqrtef, wnt�＀ that eqwnt{ uha＀＀ ezrteuu＀{ afqrt a
ehattet qt hqoe tw＀e r＀an rwtuwant tq th�u att�e＀e0 A＀＀
rtqx�u�qnu qh the Mettqrq＀�tan Dafe Eqwnt{ Jqoe Tw＀e
Ehattet, hetetqhqte qt heteahtet afqrtef b{ the e＀eetqtu
qh Dafe Eqwnt{ rwtuwant tq 5Att�e＀e VKKK, Seet�qn 33, qh
the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, uha＀＀ be xa＀�f,
anf an{ aoenfoentu tq uweh ehattet uha＀＀ be xa＀�f;
rtqx�fef that the ua�f rtqx�u�qnu qh uweh ehattet anf the
55
ATVKENG VKKK
ua�f aoenfoentu thetetq ate awthqt�zef wnfet ua�f
VKKK, Seet�qn 33, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au
aoenfef0
(h) DADG EQWPVY; PQYGTS EQPHGTTGD
WPQP MWPKEKPANKVKGS0 Vq the eztent nqt �neqnu�u/
tent w�th the rqwetu qh ez�ut�ni own�e�ra＀�t�eu qt ieneta＀
＀aw, the Mettqrq＀�tan Gqxetnoent qh Dafe Eqwnt{ oa{
ezete�ue a＀＀ the rqwetu eqnhettef nqw qt heteahtet b{
ieneta＀ ＀aw wrqn own�e�ra＀�t�eu0
(i) DGNGVKQP QH QDSQNGVG SEJGDWNG
KVGMS0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe rqwet, b{ �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn, tq fe＀ete htqo th�u att�e＀e an{ uwbueet�qn qh
th�u Seet�qn 8, �ne＀wf�ni th�u uwbueet�qn, when a＀＀ exentu
tq wh�eh the uwbueet�qn tq be fe＀etef �u qt eqw＀f beeqoe
arr＀�eab＀e haxe qeewttef0 A ＀ei�u＀at�xe feteto�nat�qn qh
haet oafe au a bau�u hqt arr＀�eat�qn qh th�u uwbueet�qn
uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq �wf�e�a＀ tex�ew0
5Att�e＀e
3Pqte0´Seet�qn ; qh Att0 VKKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP ;0 Nei�u＀at�xe rqwet qxet e�t{ qh Jae�uqnx�＀＀e anf Dwxa＀ Eqwnt{0´
Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq eutab＀�uh, a＀tet qt abq＀�uh, a Mwn�e�ra＀
eqtrqtat�qn tq be �nqwn au the E�t{ qh Jae�uqnx�＀＀e, eztenf�ni tett�tqt�a＀＀{ thtqwihqwt
the rteuent ＀�o�tu qh Dwxa＀ Eqwnt{, �n the r＀aee qh an{ qt a＀＀ eqwnt{, f�utt�et, own�e�ra＀
anf ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, bqatfu, bqf�eu anf qhh�eetu, eqnut�twt�qna＀ qt utatwtqt{,
＀ei�u＀at�xe, ezeewt�xe, �wf�e�a＀, qt afo�n�uttat�xe, anf uha＀＀ rteuet�be the �wt�uf�et�qn,
rqwetu, fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh uweh own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn, �tu ＀ei�u＀at�xe, ezeewt�xe,
�wf�e�a＀ anf afo�n�uttat�xe ferattoentu anf �tu bqatfu, bqf�eu anf qhh�eetu; tq f�x�fe
the tett�tqt{ �ne＀wfef �n uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ �ntq uwbqtf�nate f�utt�etu, anf tq rteuet�be
a �wut anf teauqnab＀e u{uteo qh tazat�qn hqt uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ anf f�utt�etu; anf tq h�z
the ＀�ab�＀�t{ qh uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ anf f�utt�etu0 Dqnfef anf qthet �nfebtefneuu,
ez�ut�ni at the t�oe qh the eutab＀�uhoent qh uweh own�e�ra＀�t{, uha＀＀ be enhqteeab＀e
qn＀{ aia�nut rtqrett{ thetetqhqte tazab＀e thetehqt0 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀, htqo t�oe tq
t�oe, feteto�ne what rqtt�qn qh ua�f own�e�ra＀�t{ �u a twta＀ atea, anf a hqoeuteaf �n
uweh twta＀ atea uha＀＀ nqt be ＀�o�tef au �h �n a e�t{ qt tqwn0 Sweh own�e�ra＀�t{ oa{
ezete�ue a＀＀ the rqwetu qh a own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn anf uha＀＀ a＀uq be teeqin�zef au
qne qh the ＀eia＀ rq＀�t�ea＀ f�x�u�qnu qh the State w�th the fwt�eu anf qb＀�iat�qnu qh a
eqwnt{ anf uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq a＀＀ the rqwetu, t�ihtu anf rt�x�＀eieu, �ne＀wf�ni
terteuentat�qn �n the State Nei�u＀atwte, wh�eh wqw＀f aeetwe tq �t �h �t wete a eqwnt{0
A＀＀ rtqrett{ qh Dwxa＀ Eqwnt{ anf qh the own�e�ra＀�t�eu �n ua�f eqwnt{ uha＀＀ xeut �n
uweh own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn when eutab＀�uhef au hete�n rtqx�fef0 Vhe qhh�eeu qh
E＀et� qh the E�tew�t Eqwtt anf Shet�hh uha＀＀ nqt be abq＀�uhef bwt the Nei�u＀atwte oa{
rteuet�be the t�oe when, anf the oethqf b{ wh�eh, uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef anf
the eqorenuat�qn tq be ra�f tq uweh qhh�eetu anf oa{ xeut �n theo aff�t�qna＀ rqwetu
anf fwt�eu0 Pq eqwnt{ qhh�ee uha＀＀ be abq＀�uhef qt eqnuq＀�fatef w�th anqthet qhh�ee
w�thqwt oa��ni rtqx�u�qn hqt the rethqtoanee qh a＀＀ State fwt�eu nqw qt heteahtet
rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw tq be rethqtoef b{ uweh eqwnt{ qhh�eet0 Pqth�ni eqnta�nef hete�n
uha＀＀ ahheet Seet�qn 22 qh Att�e＀e KKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh the State qh H＀qt�fa, ezeert
au tq uweh rtqx�u�qnu thete�n au te＀ate tq teiw＀at�ni the �wt�uf�et�qn anf fwt�eu qh an{
e＀auu qh qhh�eetu, tq uwooqn�ni anf �orane＀＀�ni itanf anf ret�t �wtqtu, tq auueuu�ni
anf eq＀＀eet�ni tazeu hqt eqwnt{ rwtrqueu anf tq teiw＀at�ni the heeu anf
eqorenuat�qn qh eqwnt{ qhh�eetu0 Pq ＀aw awthqt�z�ni the eutab＀�uh�ni qt abq＀�uh�ni
qh uweh Mwn�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn rwtuwant tq th�u Seet�qn, uha＀＀ beeqoe qretat�xe qt
ehheet�xe wnt�＀ arrtqxef b{ a oa�qt�t{ qh the qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu ratt�e�rat�ni �n an
e＀eet�qn he＀f �n ua�f Eqwnt{, bwt uq ＀qni au uweh Mwn�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn ez�utu wnfet
th�u Seet�qn the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ aoenf qt eztenf the ＀aw awthqt�z�ni the uaoe
w�thqwt tehetenfwo tq the qwa＀�h�ef xqtetu wn＀euu the Nei�u＀at�xe aet rtqx�f�ni hqt
uweh aoenfoent qt eztenu�qn uha＀＀ rtqx�fe hqt uweh tehetenfwo0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, S0J0T0 335, 3;55; afqrtef 3;560
2Pqte0´Seet�qn 32, Att0 VKKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 320 Nei�u＀at�xe rqwet qxet e�t{ qh Me{ Yeut anf Mqntqe eqwnt{0´
Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq eutab＀�uh, a＀tet qt abq＀�uh, a Mwn�e�ra＀
eqtrqtat�qn tq be �nqwn au the E�t{ qh Me{ Yeut, eztenf�ni tett�tqt�a＀＀{ thtqwihqwt
the rteuent ＀�o�tu qh Mqntqe Eqwnt{, �n the r＀aee qh an{ qt a＀＀ eqwnt{, f�utt�et,
own�e�ra＀ anf ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, bqatfu, bqf�eu anf qhh�eetu, eqnut�twt�qna＀ qt
utatwtqt{, ＀ei�u＀at�xe, ezeewt�xe, �wf�e�a＀, qt afo�n�uttat�xe, anf uha＀＀ rteuet�be the
�wt�uf�et�qn, rqwetu, fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh uweh own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn, �tu
＀ei�u＀at�xe, ezeewt�xe, �wf�e�a＀ anf afo�n�uttat�xe ferattoentu anf �tu bqatfu,
bqf�eu anf qhh�eetu; tq f�x�fe the tett�tqt{ �ne＀wfef �n uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ �ntq
uwbqtf�nate f�utt�etu, anf tq rteuet�be a �wut anf teauqnab＀e u{uteo qh tazat�qn
hqt uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ anf f�utt�etu; anf tq h�z the ＀�ab�＀�t{ qh uweh own�e�ra＀�t{ anf
f�utt�etu0 Dqnfef anf qthet �nfebtefneuu, ez�ut�ni at the t�oe qh the eutab＀�uhoent qh
uweh own�e�ra＀�t{, uha＀＀ be enhqteeab＀e qn＀{ aia�nut rtqrett{ thetetqhqte tazab＀e
thetehqt0 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀, htqo t�oe tq t�oe, feteto�ne what rqtt�qn qh ua�f
own�e�ra＀�t{ �u a twta＀ atea, anf a hqoeuteaf �n uweh twta＀ atea uha＀＀ nqt be ＀�o�tef
au �h �n a e�t{ qt tqwn0 Sweh own�e�ra＀�t{ oa{ ezete�ue a＀＀ the rqwetu qh a own�e�ra＀
eqtrqtat�qn anf uha＀＀ a＀uq be teeqin�zef au qne qh the ＀eia＀ rq＀�t�ea＀ f�x�u�qnu qh the
State w�th the fwt�eu anf qb＀�iat�qnu qh a eqwnt{ anf uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq a＀＀ the
rqwetu, t�ihtu anf rt�x�＀eieu, �ne＀wf�ni terteuentat�qn �n the State Nei�u＀atwte,
wh�eh wqw＀f aeetwe tq �t �h �t wete a eqwnt{0 A＀＀ rtqrett{ qh Mqntqe Eqwnt{ anf qh the
own�e�ra＀�t{ �n ua�f eqwnt{ uha＀＀ xeut �n uweh own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn when eutab＀�uhef
au hete�n rtqx�fef0 Vhe qhh�eeu qh E＀et� qh the E�tew�t Eqwtt anf Shet�hh uha＀＀ nqt be
abq＀�uhef bwt the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ rteuet�be the t�oe when, anf the oethqf b{
wh�eh, uweh qhh�eeu uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef anf the eqorenuat�qn tq be ra�f tq uweh qhh�eetu
anf oa{ xeut �n theo aff�t�qna＀ rqwetu anf fwt�eu0 Pq eqwnt{ qhh�ee uha＀＀ be
abq＀�uhef qt eqnuq＀�fatef w�th anqthet qhh�ee w�thqwt oa��ni rtqx�u�qn hqt the
ATVKENG VKKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
rethqtoanee qh a＀＀ State fwt�eu nqw qt heteahtet rteuet�bef b{ ＀aw tq be rethqtoef
b{ uweh eqwnt{ qhh�eet0 Pqth�ni eqnta�nef hete�n uha＀＀ ahheet Seet�qn 22 qh Att�e＀e KKK
qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh the State qh H＀qt�fa, ezeert au tq uweh rtqx�u�qnu thete�n au
te＀ate tq teiw＀at�ni the �wt�uf�et�qn anf fwt�eu qh an{ e＀auu qh qhh�eetu, tq uwooqn�ni
anf �orane＀＀�ni itanf anf ret�t �wt�eu, tq auueuu�ni anf eq＀＀eet�ni tazeu hqt eqwnt{
rwtrqueu anf tq teiw＀at�ni the heeu anf eqorenuat�qn qh eqwnt{ qhh�eetu0 Pq ＀aw
awthqt�z�ni the eutab＀�uh�ni qt abq＀�uh�ni qh uweh Mwn�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn rwtuwant tq
th�u Seet�qn uha＀＀ beeqoe qretat�xe qt ehheet�xe wnt�＀ arrtqxef b{ a oa�qt�t{ qh the
qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu ratt�e�rat�ni �n an e＀eet�qn he＀f �n ua�f Eqwnt{, bwt uq ＀qni au uweh
Mwn�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn ez�utu wnfet th�u Seet�qn the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ aoenf qt
eztenf the ＀aw awthqt�z�ni the uaoe w�thqwt tehetenfwo tq the qwa＀�h�ef xqtetu
wn＀euu the Nei�u＀at�xe Aet rtqx�f�ni hqt uweh aoenfoent qt eztenu�qn uha＀＀ rtqx�fe
hqt uweh tehetenfwo0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, S0J0T0 62;, 3;55; afqrtef 3;580
5
Pqte0´Seet�qn 33 qh Att0 VKKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 330 Dafe Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e ehattet0´(3) Vhe e＀eetqtu qh Dafe
Eqwnt{, H＀qt�fa, ate itantef rqwet tq afqrt, tex�ue, anf aoenf htqo t�oe tq t�oe a
hqoe tw＀e ehattet qh iqxetnoent hqt Dafe Eqwnt{, H＀qt�fa, wnfet wh�eh the Dqatf qh
Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu qh Dafe Eqwnt{ uha＀＀ be the iqxetn�ni bqf{0 Vh�u ehattet<
(a) Sha＀＀ h�z the bqwnfat�eu qh eaeh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qn f�utt�et, rtqx�fe a
oethqf hqt ehani�ni theo htqo t�oe tq t�oe, anf h�z the nwobet, tetou anf
eqorenuat�qn qh the eqoo�uu�qnetu, anf the�t oethqf qh e＀eet�qn0
(b) Ma{ itant hw＀＀ rqwet anf awthqt�t{ tq the Dqatf qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu qh
Dafe Eqwnt{ tq rauu qtf�naneeu te＀at�ni tq the ahha�tu, rtqrett{ anf iqxetnoent qh
Dafe Eqwnt{ anf rtqx�fe uw�tab＀e rena＀t�eu hqt the x�q＀at�qn theteqh; tq ＀ex{ anf
eq＀＀eet uweh tazeu au oa{ be awthqt�zef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf nq qthet tazeu, anf tq fq
exet{th�ni neeeuuat{ tq eatt{ qn a eentta＀ oettqrq＀�tan iqxetnoent �n Dafe Eqwnt{0
(e) Ma{ ehanie the bqwnfat�eu qh, oetie, eqnuq＀�fate, anf abq＀�uh anf oa{
rtqx�fe a oethqf hqt ehani�ni the bqwnfat�eu qh, oeti�ni, eqnuq＀�fat�ni anf
abq＀�uh�ni htqo t�oe tq t�oe a＀＀ own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qnu, eqwnt{ qt f�utt�et iqxetn/
oentu, uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�etu, awthqt�t�eu, bqatfu, qt qthet iqxetnoenta＀ wn�tu
whque �wt�uf�et�qn ＀�eu whq＀＀{ w�th�n Dafe Eqwnt{, whethet uweh iqxetnoenta＀ wn�tu
ate eteatef b{ the Eqnut�twt�qn qt the Nei�u＀atwte qt qthetw�ue, ezeert the Dafe
Eqwnt{ Dqatf qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu au �t oa{ be rtqx�fef hqt htqo t�oe tq t�oe
b{ th�u hqoe tw＀e ehattet anf the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh Dafe Eqwnt{0
(f) Ma{ rtqx�fe a oethqf b{ wh�eh an{ anf a＀＀ qh the hwnet�qnu qt rqwetu qh an{
own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn qt qthet iqxetnoenta＀ wn�t �n Dafe Eqwnt{ oa{ be ttanuhettef
tq the Dqatf qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu qh Dafe Eqwnt{0
(e) Ma{ rtqx�fe a oethqf hqt eutab＀�uh�ni new own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qnu, uree�a＀
taz�ni f�utt�etu, anf qthet iqxetnoenta＀ wn�tu �n Dafe Eqwnt{ htqo t�oe tq t�oe anf
rtqx�fe hqt the�t iqxetnoent anf rteuet�be the�t �wt�uf�et�qn anf rqwetu0
(h) Ma{ abq＀�uh anf oa{ rtqx�fe a oethqf hqt abq＀�uh�ni htqo t�oe tq t�oe a＀＀
qhh�eeu rtqx�fef hqt b{ Att�e＀e VKKK, Seet�qn 8, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qt b{ the
Nei�u＀atwte, ezeert the Swret�ntenfent qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn anf oa{ rtqx�fe hqt
the eqnuq＀�fat�qn anf ttanuhet qh the hwnet�qnu qh uweh qhh�eeu, rtqx�fef, hqwexet,
that thete uha＀＀ be nq rqwet tq abq＀�uh qt �ora�t the �wt�uf�et�qn qh the E�tew�t Eqwtt qt
tq abq＀�uh an{ qthet eqwtt rtqx�fef hqt b{ th�u Eqnut�twt�qn qt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, qt the
�wfieu qt e＀et�u theteqh a＀thqwih uweh ehattet oa{ eteate new eqwttu anf �wfieu
anf e＀et�u theteqh w�th �wt�uf�et�qn tq tt{ a＀＀ qhhenueu aia�nut qtf�naneeu rauuef b{
the Dqatf qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu qh Dafe Eqwnt{ anf nqne qh the qthet eqwttu
rtqx�fef hqt b{ th�u Eqnut�twt�qn qt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀ haxe qt�i�na＀ �wt�uf�et�qn tq
tt{ uweh qhhenueu, a＀thqwih the ehattet oa{ eqnhet arre＀＀ate �wt�uf�et�qn qn uweh
eqwttu, anf rtqx�fef hwtthet that �h ua�f hqoe tw＀e ehattet uha＀＀ abq＀�uh an{ eqwnt{
qhh�ee qt qhh�eeu au awthqt�zef hete�n, that ua�f ehattet uha＀＀ eqnta�n afeqwate
rtqx�u�qn hqt the eatt{�ni qn qh a＀＀ hwnet�qnu qh ua�f qhh�ee qt qhh�eeu au ate nqw qt oa{
heteahtet be rteuet�bef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(i) Sha＀＀ rtqx�fe a oethqf b{ wh�eh eaeh own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qn �n Dafe
Eqwnt{ uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq oa�e, aoenf qt terea＀ �tu qwn ehattet0 Wrqn
afqrt�qn qh th�u hqoe tw＀e ehattet b{ the e＀eetqtu th�u oethqf uha＀＀ be eze＀wu�xe anf
the Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe nq rqwet tq aoenf qt terea＀ the ehattet qh an{ own�e�ra＀
eqtrqtat�qn �n Dafe Eqwnt{0
(h) Ma{ ehanie the naoe qh Dafe Eqwnt{0
(�) Sha＀＀ rtqx�fe a oethqf hqt the teea＀＀ qh an{ eqoo�uu�qnet anf a oethqf hqt
�n�t�at�xe anf tehetenfwo, �ne＀wf�ni the �n�t�at�qn qh anf tehetenfwo qn qtf�naneeu
anf the aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn qh the hqoe tw＀e ehattet, rtqx�fef, hqwexet, that the
rqwet qh the Gqxetnqt anf Senate te＀at�ni tq the uwurenu�qn anf teoqxa＀ qh qhh�eetu
rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u Eqnut�twt�qn uha＀＀ nqt be �ora�tef, bwt uha＀＀ eztenf tq a＀＀ qhh�eetu
rtqx�fef hqt �n ua�f hqoe tw＀e ehattet0
(2) Ptqx�u�qn uha＀＀ be oafe hqt the rtqteet�qn qh the etef�tqtu qh an{
iqxetnoenta＀ wn�t wh�eh �u oetief, eqnuq＀�fatef, qt abq＀�uhef qt whque bqwnfat�eu
ate ehanief qt hwnet�qnu qt rqwetu ttanuhettef0
(5) Vh�u hqoe tw＀e ehattet uha＀＀ be rteratef b{ a Mettqrq＀�tan Ehattet Dqatf
eteatef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte anf uha＀＀ be rteuentef tq the e＀eetqtu qh Dafe Eqwnt{ hqt
tat�h�eat�qn qt te�eet�qn �n the oannet rtqx�fef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte0 Wnt�＀ a hqoe tw＀e
ehattet �u afqrtef the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ htqo t�oe tq t�oe eteate aff�t�qna＀ Ehattet
Dqatfu tq rterate ehattetu tq be rteuentef tq the e＀eetqtu qh Dafe Eqwnt{ hqt
tat�h�eat�qn qt te�eet�qn �n the oannet rtqx�fef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte0 Sweh Ehattet,
qnee afqrtef b{ the e＀eetqtu, oa{ be aoenfef qn＀{ b{ the e＀eetqtu qh Dafe Eqwnt{
anf th�u ehattet uha＀＀ rtqx�fe a oethqf hqt uwbo�tt�ni hwtwte ehattet tex�u�qnu anf
aoenfoentu tq the e＀eetqtu qh Dafe Eqwnt{0
(6) Vhe Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe tq teee�xe �tu rtq tata uhate qh a＀＀
texenweu ra{ab＀e b{ the utate htqo whatexet uqwtee tq the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu anf the
utate qh H＀qt�fa uha＀＀ ra{ tq the Eqoo�uu�qn a＀＀ texenweu wh�eh wqw＀f haxe been
ra�f tq an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{ wh�eh oa{ be abq＀�uhef b{ qt �n the oethqf
rtqx�fef b{ th�u hqoe tw＀e ehattet; rtqx�fef, hqwexet, the Eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀
te�obwtue the eqorttq＀＀et qh H＀qt�fa hqt the ezrenue �newttef �h an{, �n the �eer�ni qh
ueratate teeqtfu tq feteto�ne the aoqwntu qh oqne{ wh�eh wqw＀f haxe been
ra{ab＀e tq an{ uweh own�e�ra＀�t{0
(5) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ＀�o�t qt teutt�et the rqwet qh the Nei�u＀atwte tq
enaet ieneta＀ ＀awu wh�eh uha＀＀ te＀ate tq Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet qne qt oqte
eqwnt�eu �n the utate qh H＀qt�fa qt tq an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet
qne qt oqte own�e�ra＀�t�eu qh the State qh H＀qt�fa, anf the hqoe tw＀e ehattet
rtqx�fef hqt hete�n uha＀＀ nqt eqnh＀�et w�th an{ rtqx�u�qn qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn nqt qh an{
56
ATVKENG VKKK
arr＀�eab＀e ieneta＀ ＀awu nqw arr＀{�ni tq Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet qne qt oqte
eqwnt�eu qh the State qh H＀qt�fa ezeert au ezrteuu＀{ awthqt�zef �n th�u ueet�qn nqt
uha＀＀ an{ qtf�nanee enaetef �n rwtuwanee tq ua�f hqoe tw＀e ehattet eqnh＀�et w�th th�u
Eqnut�twt�qn qt an{ uweh arr＀�eab＀e ieneta＀ ＀aw ezeert au ezrteuu＀{ awthqt�zef
hete�n, nqt uha＀＀ the ehattet qh an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{ eqnh＀�et w�th th�u
Eqnut�twt�qn qt an{ uweh arr＀�eab＀e ieneta＀ ＀aw ezeert au ezrteuu＀{ awthqt�zef
hete�n, rtqx�fef hqwexet that ua�f ehattet anf ua�f qtf�naneeu enaetef �n
rwtuwanee theteqh oa{ eqnh＀�et w�th, oqf�h{ qt nw＀＀�h{ an{ ez�ut�ni ＀qea＀, uree�a＀
qt ieneta＀ ＀aw arr＀�eab＀e qn＀{ tq Dafe Eqwnt{0
(8) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be eqnuttwef tq ＀�o�t qt teutt�et the rqwet qh the
Nei�u＀atwte tq enaet ieneta＀ ＀awu wh�eh uha＀＀ te＀ate tq Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet
qne qt oqte eqwnt�eu qh the utate qh H＀qt�fa qt tq an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{
anf an{ qthet qne qt oqte own�e�ra＀�t�eu qh the State qh H＀qt�fa te＀at�ni tq eqwnt{ qt
own�e�ra＀ ahha�tu anf a＀＀ uweh ieneta＀ ＀awu uha＀＀ arr＀{ tq Dafe Eqwnt{ anf tq a＀＀
own�e�ra＀�t�eu thete�n tq the uaoe eztent au �h th�u ueet�qn haf nqt been afqrtef anf
uweh ieneta＀ ＀awu uha＀＀ uwretuefe an{ ratt qt rqtt�qn qh the hqoe tw＀e ehattet
rtqx�fef hqt hete�n �n eqnh＀�et thetew�th anf uha＀＀ uwretuefe an{ rtqx�u�qn qh an{
qtf�nanee enaetef rwtuwant tq ua�f ehattet anf �n eqnh＀�et thetew�th, anf uha＀＀
uwretuefe an{ rtqx�u�qn qh an{ ehattet qh an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{ �n eqnh＀�et
thetew�th0
(9) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be eqnuttwef tq ＀�o�t qt teutt�et the rqwet anf
�wt�uf�et�qn qh the Ta�＀tqaf anf Pwb＀�e Wt�＀�t�eu Eqoo�uu�qn qt qh an{ qthet utate
aiene{, bwteaw qt eqoo�uu�qn nqw qt heteahtet rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u Eqnut�twt�qn qt
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf ua�f utate aiene�eu, bwteawu anf eqoo�uu�qnu uha＀＀ haxe the
uaoe rqwetu �n Dafe Eqwnt{ au uha＀＀ be eqnhettef wrqn theo �n teiatf tq qthet
eqwnt�eu0
(8) Kh an{ ueet�qn, uwbueet�qn, uentenee, e＀awue qt rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn �u
he＀f �nxa＀�f au x�q＀at�xe qh the rtqx�u�qnu qh Seet�qn 3 Att�e＀e ZVKK qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn
the teoa�nfet qh th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt be ahheetef b{ uweh �nxa＀�f�t{0
(;) Kt �u fee＀atef tq be the �ntent qh the Nei�u＀atwte anf qh the e＀eetqtu qh the
State qh H＀qt�fa tq rtqx�fe b{ th�u ueet�qn hqoe tw＀e hqt the reqr＀e qh Dafe Eqwnt{ �n
＀qea＀ ahha�tu anf th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be ＀�beta＀＀{ eqnuttwef tq eatt{ qwt uweh rwtrque,
anf �t �u hwtthet fee＀atef tq be the �ntent qh the Nei�u＀atwte anf qh the e＀eetqtu qh the
State qh H＀qt�fa that the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn anf ieneta＀ ＀awu wh�eh uha＀＀
te＀ate tq Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet qne qt oqte eqwnt�eu qh the State qh H＀qt�fa qt
tq an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ �n Dafe Eqwnt{ anf an{ qthet qne qt oqte own�e�ra＀�t�eu qh the
State qh H＀qt�fa enaetef rwtuwant thetetq b{ the Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ be the uwrteoe
＀aw �n Dafe Eqwnt{, H＀qt�fa, ezeert au ezrteuu＀{ rtqx�fef hete�n anf th�u ueet�qn
uha＀＀ be utt�et＀{ eqnuttwef tq oa�nta�n uweh uwrteoae{ qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn anf qh the
Nei�u＀atwte �n the enaetoent qh ieneta＀ ＀awu rwtuwant tq th�u Eqnut�twt�qn0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, J0J0T0 858, 3;63; afqrtef 3;62; Ao0 S0J0T0 3268, 3;55;
afqrtef 3;580
6Pqte0´Seet�qn 26 qh Att0 VKKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 260 J�＀＀ubqtqwih Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e ehattet0´
(3) Vhe e＀eetqtu qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{ ate heteb{ itantef the rqwet tq afqrt
a ehattet hqt a iqxetnoent wh�eh uha＀＀ ezete�ue an{ anf a＀＀ rqwetu hqt eqwnt{ anf
own�e�ra＀ rwtrqueu wh�eh th�u eqnut�twt�qn qt the ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀, uree�a＀ qt
＀qea＀ ＀aw, hau eqnhettef wrqn J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{ qt an{ own�e�ra＀�t{ thete�n0 Sweh
iqxetnoent uha＀＀ ezete�ue theue rqwetu b{ the enaetoent qh qtf�naneeu wh�eh
te＀ate tq iqxetnoent qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{ anf rtqx�fe uw�tab＀e rena＀t�eu hqt the
x�q＀at�qn theteqh0 Sweh iqxetnoent uha＀＀ haxe nq rqwet tq eteate qt abq＀�uh an{
own�e�ra＀�t{, ezeert au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef hete�n0
(2) Vhe oethqf anf oannet b{ wh�eh the e＀eetqtu qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{ uha＀＀
ezete�ue th�u rqwet uha＀＀ be uet hqtth �n a ehattet hqt the iqxetnoent qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih
eqwnt{ wh�eh ehattet uha＀＀ be rteuentef tq ua�f e＀eetqtu b{ an{ ehattet eqoo�uu�qn
eutab＀�uhef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ rtqx�fe hqt the eqnt�nw�ni
ez�utenee qh an{ ehattet eqoo�uu�qn qt oa{ eutab＀�uh a ehattet eqoo�uu�qn qt
eqoo�uu�qnu uwbueqwent tq an{ �n�t�a＀ eqoo�uu�qn w�thqwt teiatf tq an{ e＀eet�qn qt
e＀eet�qnu he＀f wrqn an{ ehattet qt ehattetu thetetqhqte rteuentef0 A ehattet uha＀＀
beeqoe ehheet�xe qn＀{ wrqn tat�h�eat�qn b{ a oa�qt�t{ qh the e＀eetqtu qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih
eqwnt{ xqt�ni �n a ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(5) Vhe nwobet, qwa＀�h�eat�qnu, tetou qh qhh�ee anf oethqf qh h�＀＀�ni xaeane�eu �n
the oeobetuh�r qh an{ ehattet eqoo�uu�qn eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn anf
the rqwetu, hwnet�qnu anf fwt�eu qh an{ uweh eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(6) A ehattet rteratef b{ an{ eqoo�uu�qn eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn
uha＀＀ rtqx�fe that<
(a) Vhe iqxetnoentu qh the e�t{ qh Vaora anf the eqwnt{ qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih uha＀＀
be eqnuq＀�fatef, anf the uttwetwte qh the new ＀qea＀ iqxetnoent uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe<
30 An ezeewt�xe btaneh, the eh�eh qhh�eet qh wh�eh uha＀＀ be teurqnu�b＀e hqt the
afo�n�uttat�qn qh iqxetnoent0
20 An e＀eetef ＀ei�u＀at�xe btaneh, the e＀eet�qn tq oeobetuh�r, rqwetu anf
fwt�eu qh wh�eh uha＀＀ be au rtqx�fef b{ the ehattet0
50 A �wf�e�a＀ btaneh, wh�eh uha＀＀ qn＀{ haxe �wt�uf�et�qn �n the enhqteeoent qh
qtf�naneeu enaetef b{ the ＀ei�u＀at�xe btaneh eteatef b{ th�u ueet�qn0
(b) Shqw＀f the e＀eetqtu qh the own�e�ra＀�t�eu qh P＀ant E�t{ qt Veor＀e Vettaee
w�uh tq eqnuq＀�fate the�t iqxetnoentu w�th the iqxetnoent hete�nabqxe eteatef,
the{ oa{ fq uq b{ oa�qt�t{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh ua�f own�e�ra＀�t{ xqt�ni �n an
e＀eet�qn wrqn ua�f �uuwe0
(e) Vhe etef�tqtu qh an{ iqxetnoenta＀ wn�t eqnuq＀�fatef qt abq＀�uhef wnfet th�u
ueet�qn uha＀＀ be rtqteetef0 Dqnfef qt qthet �nfebtefneuu ez�ut�ni at the ehheet�xe
fate qh an{ iqxetnoent eutab＀�uhef hetewnfet uha＀＀ be enhqteeab＀e qn＀{ aia�nut the
tea＀ anf retuqna＀ rtqrett{ thetetqhqte tazab＀e hqt uweh rwtrqueu0
(f) Sweh qthet rtqx�u�qnu au o�iht be teqw�tef b{ ＀aw0
(5) Vhe rtqx�u�qnu qh uweh ehattet anf qtf�naneeu enaetef rwtuwant thetetq
uha＀＀ nqt eqnh＀�et w�th an{ rtqx�u�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn nqt w�th ieneta＀, uree�a＀ qt
＀qea＀ ＀awu nqw qt heteahtet arr＀{�ni tq J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{0
(8) Vhe iqxetnoent eutab＀�uhef hetewnfet uha＀＀ be teeqin�zef au a eqwnt{,
that �u qne qh the ＀eia＀ rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu qh the utate w�th the rqwetu, t�ihtu,
rt�x�＀eieu, fwt�eu anf qb＀�iat�qnu qh a eqwnt{, anf oa{ a＀uq ezete�ue a＀＀ the rqwetu
qh a own�e�ra＀�t{0 Sa�f iqxetnoent uha＀＀ haxe the t�iht tq uwe anf be uwef0
(9) An{ iqxetnoent eutab＀�uhef hetewnfet uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq teee�xe htqo the
utate qh H＀qt�fa qt htqo the Wn�tef Stateu qt htqo an{ qthet aiene{, rwb＀�e qt rt�xate,
hwnfu anf texenweu tq wh�eh a eqwnt{ �u, qt oa{ heteahtet be ent�t＀ef, anf a＀uq a＀＀
ATVKENG VKKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
hwnfu anf texenweu tq wh�eh an �neqtrqtatef own�e�ra＀�t{ �u qt oa{ heteahtet be
ent�t＀ef, anf tq teee�xe the uaoe w�thqwt f�o�nwt�qn qt ＀quu b{ teauqn qh an{ uweh
iqxetnoent au oa{ be eutab＀�uhef0 Pqth�ni hete�n eqnta�nef uha＀＀ rtee＀wfe uweh
iqxetnoent au oa{ be eutab＀�uhef hetewnfet htqo teee�x�ni a＀＀ hwnfu anf texenweu
htqo whatexet uqwtee nqw teee�xef, qt hete�nahtet teee�xef rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(8) Vhe bqatf qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu qh J�＀＀ubqtqwih eqwnt{ uha＀＀ be
abq＀�uhef when the hwnet�qnu, fwt�eu, rqwetu anf teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu qh ua�f bqatf
uha＀＀ be ttanuhettef �n the oannet tq be rtqx�fef b{ the ehattet tq the iqxetnoent
eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn0 Pq qthet qhh�ee rtqx�fef hqt b{ th�u eqnut�twt�qn
uha＀＀ be abq＀�uhef b{ qt rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn0
(;) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt teutt�et qt ＀�o�t the ＀ei�u＀atwte �n the enaetoent qh
ieneta＀, uree�a＀ qt ＀qea＀ ＀awu au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef �n th�u eqnut�twt�qn0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 3;89, 3;85; afqrtef 3;880
ATVKENG KZ
GDWEAVKQP
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn0
State bqatf qh efweat�qn0
Vetou qh arrq�nt�xe bqatf oeobetu0
Sehqq＀ f�utt�etu; uehqq＀ bqatfu0
Swret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u0
State uehqq＀ hwnf0
State Wn�xetu�t{ S{uteo0
SGEVKQP 30 Pwb＀�e efweat�qn0´
(a) Vhe efweat�qn qh eh�＀ften �u a hwnfaoenta＀ xa＀we
qh the reqr＀e qh the State qh H＀qt�fa0 Kt �u, thetehqte, a
rataoqwnt fwt{ qh the utate tq oa�e afeqwate rtqx�u�qn
hqt the efweat�qn qh a＀＀ eh�＀ften teu�f�ni w�th�n �tu
bqtfetu0 Afeqwate rtqx�u�qn uha＀＀ be oafe b{ ＀aw hqt
a wn�hqto, ehh�e�ent, uahe, ueewte, anf h�ih qwa＀�t{
u{uteo qh htee rwb＀�e uehqq＀u that a＀＀qwu utwfentu tq
qbta�n a h�ih qwa＀�t{ efweat�qn anf hqt the eutab＀�uh/
oent, oa�ntenanee, anf qretat�qn qh �nut�twt�qnu qh
h�ihet ＀eatn�ni anf qthet rwb＀�e efweat�qn rtqitaou
that the neefu qh the reqr＀e oa{ teqw�te0 Vq auuwte that
eh�＀ften attenf�ni rwb＀�e uehqq＀u qbta�n a h�ih qwa＀�t{
efweat�qn, the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ oa�e afeqwate rtqx�/
u�qn tq enuwte that, b{ the bei�nn�ni qh the 2232 uehqq＀
{eat, thete ate a uwhh�e�ent nwobet qh e＀auutqqou uq
that<
(3) Vhe oaz�owo nwobet qh utwfentu whq ate
auu�inef tq eaeh teaehet whq �u teaeh�ni �n rwb＀�e
uehqq＀ e＀auutqqou hqt rte��nfetiatten thtqwih itafe 5
fqeu nqt ezeeef 38 utwfentu;
(2) Vhe oaz�owo nwobet qh utwfentu whq ate
auu�inef tq eaeh teaehet whq �u teaeh�ni �n rwb＀�e
uehqq＀ e＀auutqqou hqt itafeu 6 thtqwih 8 fqeu nqt
ezeeef 22 utwfentu; anf
(5) Vhe oaz�owo nwobet qh utwfentu whq ate
auu�inef tq eaeh teaehet whq �u teaeh�ni �n rwb＀�e
uehqq＀ e＀auutqqou hqt itafeu ; thtqwih 32 fqeu nqt
ezeeef 25 utwfentu0
Vhe e＀auu u�ze teqw�teoentu qh th�u uwbueet�qn fq nqt
arr＀{ tq ezttaewtt�ew＀at e＀auueu0 Pa{oent qh the equtu
auuqe�atef w�th tefwe�ni e＀auu u�ze tq oeet theue
teqw�teoentu �u the teurqnu�b�＀�t{ qh the utate anf nqt
qh ＀qea＀ uehqq＀u f�utt�etu0 Dei�nn�ni w�th the 2225/2226
h�uea＀ {eat, the ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rtqx�fe uwhh�e�ent hwnfu
tq tefwee the axetaie nwobet qh utwfentu �n eaeh
e＀auutqqo b{ at ＀eaut twq utwfentu ret {eat wnt�＀ the
55
ATVKENG KZ
oaz�owo nwobet qh utwfentu ret e＀auutqqo fqeu nqt
ezeeef the teqw�teoentu qh th�u uwbueet�qn0
(b) Gxet{ hqwt/{eat q＀f eh�＀f �n H＀qt�fa uha＀＀ be
rtqx�fef b{ the State a h�ih qwa＀�t{ rte/��nfetiatten
＀eatn�ni qrrqttwn�t{ �n the hqto qh an eat＀{ eh�＀fhqqf
fexe＀qroent anf efweat�qn rtqitao wh�eh uha＀＀ be
xq＀wntat{, h�ih qwa＀�t{, htee, anf fe＀�xetef aeeqtf�ni tq
rtqheuu�qna＀＀{ aeeertef utanfatfu0 An eat＀{ eh�＀fhqqf
fexe＀qroent anf efweat�qn rtqitao oeanu an qtia/
n�zef rtqitao feu�inef tq affteuu anf enhanee eaeh
eh�＀f'u ab�＀�t{ tq oa�e aie arrtqrt�ate rtqiteuu �n an
arrtqrt�ate tanie qh uett�niu �n the fexe＀qroent qh
＀aniwaie anf eqin�t�xe earab�＀�t�eu anf eoqt�qna＀,
uqe�a＀, teiw＀atqt{ anf oqta＀ earae�t�eu thtqwih efwea/
t�qn �n bau�e u��＀＀u anf uweh qthet u��＀＀u au the
Nei�u＀atwte oa{ feteto�ne tq be arrtqrt�ate0
(e) Vhe eat＀{ eh�＀fhqqf efweat�qn anf fexe＀qroent
rtqitaou rtqx�fef b{ teauqn qh uwbrataitarh (b) uha＀＀
be �or＀eoentef nq ＀atet than the bei�nn�ni qh the 2225
uehqq＀ {eat thtqwih hwnfu ienetatef �n aff�t�qn tq thque
wuef hqt ez�ut�ni efweat�qn, hea＀th, anf fexe＀qroent
rtqitaou0 Gz�ut�ni efweat�qn, hea＀th, anf fexe＀qroent
rtqitaou ate thque hwnfef b{ the State au qh Janwat{ 3,
2222 that rtqx�fef hqt eh�＀f qt afw＀t efweat�qn, hea＀th
eate, qt fexe＀qroent0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Aou0 b{ Kn�t�at�xe
Pet�t�qnu h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Jw＀{ 52, 2222, anf Awiwut 3, 2222; afqrtef
22220
SGEVKQP 20 State bqatf qh efweat�qn0´Vhe
utate bqatf qh efweat�qn uha＀＀ be a bqf{ eqtrqtate
anf haxe uweh uwretx�u�qn qh the u{uteo qh htee rwb＀�e
efweat�qn au �u rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe utate bqatf qh
efweat�qn uha＀＀ eqnu�ut qh uexen oeobetu arrq�ntef b{
the iqxetnqt tq utaiietef 6/{eat tetou, uwb�eet tq
eqnh�toat�qn b{ the uenate0 Vhe utate bqatf qh efwea/
t�qn uha＀＀ arrq�nt the eqoo�uu�qnet qh efweat�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Vetou qh arrq�nt�xe bqatf oeo/
betu0´Meobetu qh an{ arrq�nt�xe bqatf fea＀�ni w�th
efweat�qn oa{ uetxe tetou �n ezeeuu qh hqwt {eatu au
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 60 Sehqq＀ f�utt�etu; uehqq＀ bqatfu0´
(a) Gaeh eqwnt{ uha＀＀ eqnut�twte a uehqq＀ f�utt�et;
rtqx�fef, twq qt oqte eqnt�iwqwu eqwnt�eu, wrqn xqte qh
the e＀eetqtu qh eaeh eqwnt{ rwtuwant tq ＀aw, oa{ be
eqob�nef �ntq qne uehqq＀ f�utt�et0 Kn eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et
thete uha＀＀ be a uehqq＀ bqatf eqorquef qh h�xe qt oqte
oeobetu ehquen b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu �n a nqnratt�/
uan e＀eet�qn hqt arrtqrt�ate＀{ utaiietef tetou qh hqwt
{eatu, au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
(b) Vhe uehqq＀ bqatf uha＀＀ qretate, eqnttq＀ anf
uwretx�ue a＀＀ htee rwb＀�e uehqq＀u w�th�n the uehqq＀
f�utt�et anf feteto�ne the tate qh uehqq＀ f�utt�et tazeu
w�th�n the ＀�o�tu rteuet�bef hete�n0 Vwq qt oqte uehqq＀
f�utt�etu oa{ qretate anf h�nanee �q�nt efweat�qna＀
rtqitaou0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
33, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
ATVKENG KZ
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
SGEVKQP 50 Swret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u0´Kn
eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et thete uha＀＀ be a uwret�ntenfent qh
uehqq＀u whq uha＀＀ be e＀eetef at the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn �n
eaeh {eat the nwobet qh wh�eh �u a ow＀t�r＀e qh hqwt hqt a
teto qh hqwt {eatu; qt, when rtqx�fef b{ teuq＀wt�qn qh the
f�utt�et uehqq＀ bqatf, qt b{ uree�a＀ ＀aw, arrtqxef b{
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, the f�utt�et uehqq＀ uwret�ntenfent �n
an{ uehqq＀ f�utt�et uha＀＀ be eor＀q{ef b{ the f�utt�et
uehqq＀ bqatf au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe teuq＀wt�qn
qt uree�a＀ ＀aw oa{ be teue�nfef qt terea＀ef b{ e�thet
rtqeefwte ahtet hqwt {eatu0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 80 State uehqq＀ hwnf0´Vhe �neqoe
fet�xef htqo the utate uehqq＀ hwnf uha＀＀, anf the
rt�ne�ra＀ qh the hwnf oa{, be arrtqrt�atef, bwt qn＀{ tq
the uwrrqtt anf oa�ntenanee qh htee rwb＀�e uehqq＀u0
SGEVKQP 90 State Wn�xetu�t{ S{uteo0´
(a) PWTPQSGS0 Kn qtfet tq aeh�exe ezee＀＀enee
thtqwih teaeh�ni utwfentu, afxane�ni teueateh anf
rtqx�f�ni rwb＀�e uetx�ee hqt the beneh�t qh H＀qt�fa'u
e�t�zenu, the�t eqoown�t�eu anf eeqnqo�eu, the reqr＀e
heteb{ eutab＀�uh a u{uteo qh iqxetnanee hqt the utate
wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo qh H＀qt�fa0
(b) SVAVG WPKVGTSKVY SYSVGM0 Vhete uha＀＀ be
a u�ni＀e utate wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo eqort�uef qh a＀＀ rwb＀�e
wn�xetu�t�eu0 A bqatf qh ttwuteeu uha＀＀ afo�n�utet eaeh
rwb＀�e wn�xetu�t{ anf a bqatf qh iqxetnqtu uha＀＀ iqxetn
the utate wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo0
(e) NQEAN DQATDS QH VTWSVGGS0 Gaeh ＀qea＀
eqnut�twent wn�xetu�t{ uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ a bqatf
qh ttwuteeu eqnu�ut�ni qh th�tteen oeobetu fef�eatef tq
the rwtrqueu qh the utate wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo0 Vhe bqatf
qh iqxetnqtu uha＀＀ eutab＀�uh the rqwetu anf fwt�eu qh the
bqatfu qh ttwuteeu0 Gaeh bqatf qh ttwuteeu uha＀＀ eqnu�ut
qh u�z e�t�zen oeobetu arrq�ntef b{ the iqxetnqt anf
h�xe e�t�zen oeobetu arrq�ntef b{ the bqatf qh iqxet/
nqtu0 Vhe arrq�ntef oeobetu uha＀＀ be eqnh�toef b{ the
uenate anf uetxe utaiietef tetou qh h�xe {eatu au
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe eha�t qh the haew＀t{ uenate, qt the
eqw�xa＀ent, anf the rteu�fent qh the utwfent bqf{ qh the
wn�xetu�t{ uha＀＀ a＀uq be oeobetu0
(f) SVAVGYKDG DQATD QH GQVGTPQTS0 Vhe
bqatf qh iqxetnqtu uha＀＀ be a bqf{ eqtrqtate eqnu�ut�ni
qh uexenteen oeobetu0 Vhe bqatf uha＀＀ qretate,
teiw＀ate, eqnttq＀, anf be hw＀＀{ teurqnu�b＀e hqt the
oanaieoent qh the whq＀e wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo0 Vheue
teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe, bwt nqt be ＀�o�tef tq,
feh�n�ni the f�ut�net�xe o�uu�qn qh eaeh eqnut�twent
wn�xetu�t{ anf �tu att�ew＀at�qn w�th htee rwb＀�e uehqq＀u
anf eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eieu, enuwt�ni the we＀＀/r＀annef
eqqtf�nat�qn anf qretat�qn qh the u{uteo, anf axq�f�ni
wautehw＀ fwr＀�eat�qn qh hae�＀�t�eu qt rtqitaou0 Vhe
bqatf'u oanaieoent uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq the rqwetu
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte tq arrtqrt�ate hqt the ezrenf�twte qh
hwnfu, anf the bqatf uha＀＀ aeeqwnt hqt uweh ezrenf�/
twteu au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ arrq�nt tq
the bqatf hqwtteen e�t�zenu fef�eatef tq the rwtrqueu qh
the utate wn�xetu�t{ u{uteo0 Vhe arrq�ntef oeobetu
uha＀＀ be eqnh�toef b{ the uenate anf uetxe utaiietef
tetou qh uexen {eatu au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0 Vhe eqoo�u/
u�qnet qh efweat�qn, the eha�t qh the afx�uqt{ eqwne�＀ qh
58
ATVKENG Z
haew＀t{ uenateu, qt the eqw�xa＀ent, anf the rteu�fent qh
the H＀qt�fa utwfent auuqe�at�qn, qt the eqw�xa＀ent, uha＀＀
a＀uq be oeobetu qh the bqatf0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut
8, 2222; afqrtef 22220
ATVKENG Z
MKSEGNNAPGQWS
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
380
3;0
220
230
220
250
260
250
280
290
280
2;0
Aoenfoentu tq Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�twt�qn0
M�＀�t�a0
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee0
Jqoeuteaf; ezeort�qnu0
Eqxettwte anf rtqrett{0
Go�nent fqoa�n0
Nqttet�eu0
Eenuwu0
Terea＀ qh et�o�na＀ utatwteu0
He＀qn{; feh�n�t�qn0
Sqxete�int{ ＀anfu0
Tw＀eu qh eqnuttwet�qn0
Sw�tu aia�nut the utate0
State tet�teoent u{uteou beneh�t ehanieu0
State qretatef ＀qttet�eu0
N�o�t�ni oat�ne net h�uh�ni0
Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf0
D�urqu�t�qn qh eqnuetxat�qn ＀anfu0
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo0
Yqt�r＀aeeu w�thqwt tqbaeeq uoq�e0
N�o�t�ni etwe＀ anf �nhwoane eqnh�neoent qh r�iu
fwt�ni rteinane{0
Patenta＀ nqt�ee qh teto�nat�qn qh a o�nqt'u rtei/
nane{0
S＀qt oaeh�neu0
H＀qt�fa o�n�owo waie0
Pat�entu' t�iht tq �nqw abqwt afxetue oef�ea＀
�ne�fentu0
Ptqh�b�t�qn qh oef�ea＀ ＀�eenue ahtet tereatef
oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee0
Eqortehenu�xe Statew�fe Vqbaeeq Gfweat�qn
Anf Ptexent�qn Ptqitao0
Nanf Aeqw�u�t�qn Vtwut Hwnf0
Mef�ea＀ oat��wana rtqfwet�qn, rquueuu�qn anf
wue0
SGEVKQP 30 Aoenfoentu tq Wn�tef Stateu Eqn/
ut�twt�qn0´Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ nqt ta�e aet�qn qn an{
rtqrquef aoenfoent tq the eqnut�twt�qn qh the Wn�tef
Stateu wn＀euu a oa�qt�t{ qh the oeobetu theteqh haxe
been e＀eetef ahtet the rtqrquef aoenfoent hau been
uwbo�ttef hqt tat�h�eat�qn0
SGEVKQP 20 M�＀�t�a0´
(a) Vhe o�＀�t�a uha＀＀ be eqorquef qh a＀＀ ab＀ebqf�ef
�nhab�tantu qh the utate whq ate qt haxe fee＀atef the�t
�ntent�qn tq beeqoe e�t�zenu qh the Wn�tef Stateu; anf nq
retuqn beeawue qh te＀�i�qwu eteef qt qr�n�qn uha＀＀ be
ezeortef htqo o�＀�tat{ fwt{ ezeert wrqn eqnf�t�qnu
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(b) Vhe qtian�z�ni, eqw�rr�ni, hqwu�ni, oa�nta�n�ni,
anf f�ue�r＀�n�ni qh the o�＀�t�a, anf the uahe�eer�ni qh
rwb＀�e atou oa{ be rtqx�fef hqt b{ ＀aw0
(e) Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ arrq�nt a＀＀ eqoo�uu�qnef
qhh�eetu qh the o�＀�t�a, �ne＀wf�ni an af�wtant ieneta＀ whq
uha＀＀ be eh�eh qh utahh0 Vhe arrq�ntoent qh a＀＀ ieneta＀
qhh�eetu uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq eqnh�toat�qn b{ the uenate0
(f) Vhe qwa＀�h�eat�qnu qh retuqnne＀ anf qhh�eetu qh the
hefeta＀＀{ teeqin�zef nat�qna＀ iwatf, �ne＀wf�ni the af/
�wtant ieneta＀, anf the itqwnfu anf rtqeeef�niu hqt
the�t f�ue�r＀�ne anf teoqxa＀ uha＀＀ eqnhqto tq the
arrtqrt�ate Wn�tef Stateu ato{ qt a�t hqtee teiw＀at�qnu
anf wuaieu0
SGEVKQP 50 Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee0´Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee
uha＀＀ qeewt wrqn the eteat�qn qh an qhh�ee, wrqn the
feath, teoqxa＀ htqo qhh�ee, qt teu�inat�qn qh the �newo/
bent qt the �newobent'u uweeeuu�qn tq anqthet qhh�ee,
wnezr＀a�nef abuenee hqt u�zt{ eqnueewt�xe fa{u, qt
ha�＀wte tq oa�nta�n the teu�fenee teqw�tef when e＀eetef
qt arrq�ntef, anf wrqn ha�＀wte qh qne e＀eetef qt
arrq�ntef tq qhh�ee tq qwa＀�h{ w�th�n th�tt{ fa{u htqo
the eqooeneeoent qh the teto0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 60 Jqoeuteaf; ezeort�qnu0´
(a) Vhete uha＀＀ be ezeort htqo hqteef ua＀e wnfet
rtqeeuu qh an{ eqwtt, anf nq �wfioent, feetee qt
ezeewt�qn uha＀＀ be a ＀�en theteqn, ezeert hqt the
ra{oent qh tazeu anf auueuuoentu theteqn, qb＀�iat�qnu
eqnttaetef hqt the rwtehaue, �ortqxeoent qt tera�t
theteqh, qt qb＀�iat�qnu eqnttaetef hqt hqwue, h�e＀f qt
qthet ＀abqt rethqtoef qn the tea＀t{, the hq＀＀qw�ni
rtqrett{ qwnef b{ a natwta＀ retuqn<
(3) a hqoeuteaf, �h ＀qeatef qwtu�fe a own�e�ra＀�t{, tq
the eztent qh qne hwnftef u�zt{ aeteu qh eqnt�iwqwu ＀anf
anf �ortqxeoentu theteqn, wh�eh uha＀＀ nqt be tefweef
w�thqwt the qwnet'u eqnuent b{ teauqn qh uwbueqwent
�ne＀wu�qn �n a own�e�ra＀�t{; qt �h ＀qeatef w�th�n a
own�e�ra＀�t{, tq the eztent qh qne/ha＀h aete qh eqnt�iwqwu
＀anf, wrqn wh�eh the ezeort�qn uha＀＀ be ＀�o�tef tq the
teu�fenee qh the qwnet qt the qwnet'u hao�＀{;
(2) retuqna＀ rtqrett{ tq the xa＀we qh qne thqwuanf
fq＀＀atu0
(b) Vheue ezeort�qnu uha＀＀ �nwte tq the uwtx�x�ni
urqwue qt he�tu qh the qwnet0
(e) Vhe hqoeuteaf uha＀＀ nqt be uwb�eet tq fex�ue �h
the qwnet �u uwtx�xef b{ urqwue qt o�nqt eh�＀f, ezeert
the hqoeuteaf oa{ be fex�uef tq the qwnet'u urqwue �h
thete be nq o�nqt eh�＀f0 Vhe qwnet qh hqoeuteaf tea＀
eutate, �q�nef b{ the urqwue �h oatt�ef, oa{ a＀�enate the
hqoeuteaf b{ oqttiaie, ua＀e qt i�ht anf, �h oatt�ef,
oa{ b{ feef ttanuhet the t�t＀e tq an eutate b{ the ent�tet{
w�th the urqwue0 Kh the qwnet qt urqwue �u �neqoretent,
the oethqf qh a＀�enat�qn qt enewobtanee uha＀＀ be au
rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 6526, 3;92; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 J0J0T0 62, 3;85; afqrtef
3;86; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 35, 3;;8,
h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Eqxettwte anf rtqrett{0´Vhete
uha＀＀ be nq f�ut�net�qn between oatt�ef wqoen anf
oatt�ef oen �n the hq＀f�ni, eqnttq＀, f�urqu�t�qn, qt
59
ATVKENG Z
enewobet�ni qh the�t rtqrett{, bqth tea＀ anf retuqna＀;
ezeert that fqwet qt ewtteu{ oa{ be eutab＀�uhef anf
teiw＀atef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 80 Go�nent fqoa�n0´
(a) Pq rt�xate rtqrett{ uha＀＀ be ta�en ezeert hqt a
rwb＀�e rwtrque anf w�th hw＀＀ eqorenuat�qn thetehqt ra�f
tq eaeh qwnet qt ueewtef b{ ferqu�t �n the tei�utt{ qh the
eqwtt anf axa�＀ab＀e tq the qwnet0
(b) Ptqx�u�qn oa{ be oafe b{ ＀aw hqt the ta��ni qh
eaueoentu, b{ ＀��e rtqeeef�niu, hqt the fta�naie qh the
＀anf qh qne retuqn qxet qt thtqwih the ＀anf qh anqthet0
(e) Pt�xate rtqrett{ ta�en b{ eo�nent fqoa�n rwt/
uwant tq a ret�t�qn tq �n�t�ate eqnfeonat�qn rtqeeef�niu
h�＀ef qn qt ahtet Janwat{ 2, 2229, oa{ nqt be eqnxe{ef
tq a natwta＀ retuqn qt rt�xate ent�t{ ezeert au rtqx�fef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw rauuef b{ a thtee/h�hthu xqte qh the
oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the Nei�u＀atwte0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 358;, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 90 Nqttet�eu0´Nqttet�eu, qthet than the
t{reu qh rat�/owtwe＀ rqq＀u awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw au qh the
ehheet�xe fate qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn, ate heteb{ rtqh�b�tef
�n th�u utate0
SGEVKQP 80 Eenuwu0´
(a) Gaeh feeenn�a＀ eenuwu qh the utate ta�en b{ the
Wn�tef Stateu uha＀＀ be an qhh�e�a＀ eenuwu qh the utate0
(b) Gaeh feeenn�a＀ eenuwu, hqt the rwtrque qh
e＀auu�h�eat�qnu bauef wrqn rqrw＀at�qn, uha＀＀ beeqoe
ehheet�xe qn the th�tt�eth fa{ ahtet the h�na＀ af�qwtnoent
qh the teiw＀at ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte eqnxenef nezt
ahtet eett�h�eat�qn qh the eenuwu0
SGEVKQP ;0 Terea＀ qh et�o�na＀ utatwteu0´Te/
rea＀ qt aoenfoent qh a et�o�na＀ utatwte uha＀＀ nqt ahheet
rtqueewt�qn qt rwn�uhoent hqt an{ et�oe rtex�qwu＀{
eqoo�ttef0
SGEVKQP 320 He＀qn{; feh�n�t�qn0´Vhe teto ¬he＀/
qn{¹ au wuef hete�n anf �n the ＀awu qh th�u utate uha＀＀
oean an{ et�o�na＀ qhhenue that �u rwn�uhab＀e wnfet the
＀awu qh th�u utate, qt that wqw＀f be rwn�uhab＀e �h
eqoo�ttef �n th�u utate, b{ feath qt b{ �ort�uqnoent
�n the utate ren�tent�at{0
SGEVKQP 330 Sqxete�int{ ＀anfu0´Vhe t�t＀e tq
＀anfu wnfet nax�iab＀e watetu, w�th�n the bqwnfat�eu
qh the utate, wh�eh haxe nqt been a＀�enatef, �ne＀wf�ni
beaeheu be＀qw oean h�ih watet ＀�neu, �u he＀f b{ the
utate, b{ x�ttwe qh �tu uqxete�int{, �n ttwut hqt a＀＀ the
reqr＀e0 Sa＀e qh uweh ＀anfu oa{ be awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw,
bwt qn＀{ when �n the rwb＀�e �nteteut0 Pt�xate wue qh
rqtt�qnu qh uweh ＀anfu oa{ be awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, bwt
qn＀{ when nqt eqnttat{ tq the rwb＀�e �nteteut0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 9;2, 3;92; afqrtef 3;920
SGEVKQP 320 Tw＀eu qh eqnuttwet�qn0´Wn＀euu
qwa＀�h�ef �n the tezt the hq＀＀qw�ni tw＀eu qh eqnuttwet�qn
uha＀＀ arr＀{ tq th�u eqnut�twt�qn0
(a) ¬Jete�n¹ tehetu tq the ent�te eqnut�twt�qn0
(b) Vhe u�niw＀at �ne＀wfeu the r＀wta＀0
(e) Vhe oauew＀�ne �ne＀wfeu the heo�n�ne0
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(f) ¬Vqte qh the e＀eetqtu¹ oeanu the xqte qh the
oa�qt�t{ qh thque xqt�ni qn the oattet �n an e＀eet�qn,
ieneta＀ qt uree�a＀, �n wh�eh thque ratt�e�rat�ni ate
＀�o�tef tq the e＀eetqtu qh the iqxetnoenta＀ wn�t tehettef
tq �n the tezt0
(e) Vqte qt qthet aet�qn qh a ＀ei�u＀at�xe hqwue qt
qthet iqxetnoenta＀ bqf{ oeanu the xqte qt aet�qn qh a
oa�qt�t{ qt qthet uree�h�ef reteentaie qh thque oeo/
betu xqt�ni qn the oattet0 ¬Qh the oeobetuh�r¹ oeanu
¬qh a＀＀ oeobetu theteqh0¹
(h) Vhe tetou ¬�wf�e�a＀ qhh�ee,¹ ¬�wut�eeu¹ anf ¬�wfieu¹
uha＀＀ nqt �ne＀wfe �wfieu qh eqwttu eutab＀�uhef uq＀e＀{ hqt
the tt�a＀ qh x�q＀at�qnu qh qtf�naneeu0
(i) ¬Sree�a＀ ＀aw¹ oeanu a uree�a＀ qt ＀qea＀ ＀aw0
(h) V�t＀eu anf uwbt�t＀eu uha＀＀ nqt be wuef �n eqn/
uttwet�qn0
SGEVKQP 350 Sw�tu aia�nut the utate0´Ptqx�u�qn
oa{ be oafe b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw hqt bt�ni�ni uw�t aia�nut the
utate au tq a＀＀ ＀�ab�＀�t�eu nqw ez�ut�ni qt heteahtet
qt�i�nat�ni0
SGEVKQP 360 State tet�teoent u{uteou beneh�t
ehanieu0´A iqxetnoenta＀ wn�t teurqnu�b＀e hqt an{
tet�teoent qt renu�qn u{uteo uwrrqttef �n whq＀e qt �n
ratt b{ rwb＀�e hwnfu uha＀＀ nqt ahtet Janwat{ 3, 3;99,
rtqx�fe an{ �neteaue �n the beneh�tu tq the oeobetu qt
beneh�e�at�eu qh uweh u{uteo wn＀euu uweh wn�t hau oafe
qt eqnewttent＀{ oa�eu rtqx�u�qn hqt the hwnf�ni qh the
�neteaue �n beneh�tu qn a uqwnf aetwat�a＀ bau�u0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 2;3, 3;95; afqrtef 3;980
SGEVKQP 350 State qretatef ＀qttet�eu0´
(a) Nqttet�eu oa{ be qretatef b{ the utate0
(b) Kh an{ uwbueet�qn qt uwbueet�qnu qh the aoenf/
oent tq the H＀qt�fa Eqnut�twt�qn ate he＀f wneqnut�tw/
t�qna＀ hqt eqnta�n�ni oqte than qne uwb�eet, th�u
aoenfoent uha＀＀ be ＀�o�tef tq uwbueet�qn (a) abqxe0
(e) Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be �or＀eoentef au hq＀/
＀qwu<
(3) Sehefw＀e´Qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenf/
oent, the ＀qttet�eu uha＀＀ be �nqwn au the H＀qt�fa
Gfweat�qn Nqttet�eu0 Pet rtqeeefu fet�xef htqo the
＀qttet�eu uha＀＀ be ferqu�tef tq a utate ttwut hwnf, tq be
feu�inatef Vhe State Gfweat�qn Nqttet�eu Vtwut Hwnf, tq
be arrtqrt�atef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte0 Vhe uehefw＀e oa{
be aoenfef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Jwne
32, 3;85; afqrtef 3;880
SGEVKQP 380 N�o�t�ni oat�ne net h�uh�ni0´
(a) Vhe oat�ne teuqwteeu qh the State qh H＀qt�fa
be＀qni tq a＀＀ qh the reqr＀e qh the utate anf uhqw＀f be
eqnuetxef anf oanaief hqt the beneh�t qh the utate, �tu
reqr＀e, anf hwtwte ienetat�qnu0 Vq th�u enf the reqr＀e
heteb{ enaet ＀�o�tat�qnu qn oat�ne net h�uh�ni �n H＀qt�fa
watetu tq rtqteet ua＀twatet h�nh�uh, uhe＀＀h�uh, anf qthet
oat�ne an�oa＀u htqo wnneeeuuat{ ��＀＀�ni, qxeth�uh�ni
anf waute0
(b) Hqt the rwtrque qh eateh�ni qt ta��ni an{ ua＀t/
watet h�nh�uh, uhe＀＀h�uh qt qthet oat�ne an�oa＀u �n H＀qt�fa
watetu<
(3) Pq i�＀＀ netu qt qthet entani＀�ni netu uha＀＀ be wuef
�n an{ H＀qt�fa watetu; anf
58
ATVKENG Z
(2) Kn aff�t�qn tq the rtqh�b�t�qn uet hqtth �n (3), nq
qthet t{re qh net eqnta�n�ni oqte than 522 uqwate heet
qh oeuh atea uha＀＀ be wuef �n neatuhqte anf �nuhqte
H＀qt�fa watetu0 Aff�t�qna＀＀{, nq oqte than twq uweh
netu, wh�eh uha＀＀ nqt be eqnneetef, uha＀＀ be wuef htqo
an{ xeuue＀, anf nq retuqn nqt qn a xeuue＀ uha＀＀ wue
oqte than qne uweh net �n neatuhqte anf �nuhqte
H＀qt�fa watetu0
(e) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn<
(3) ¬i�＀＀ net¹ oeanu qne qt oqte wa＀＀u qh nett�ni
wh�eh eartwteu ua＀twatet h�nh�uh b{ enunat�ni qt entan/
i＀�ni theo �n the oeuheu qh the net b{ the i�＀＀u, anf
¬entani＀�ni net¹ oeanu a ft�ht net, ttaooe＀＀ net, utab
net, qt an{ qthet net wh�eh eartwteu ua＀twatet h�nh�uh,
uhe＀＀h�uh, qt qthet oat�ne an�oa＀u b{ eawu�ni a＀＀ qt ratt
qh heafu, h�nu, ＀eiu, qt qthet bqf{ rattu tq beeqoe
entani＀ef qt enunatef �n the oeuheu qh the net, bwt a
hanf thtqwn eaut net �u nqt a i�＀＀ net qt an entani＀�ni
net;
(2) ¬oeuh atea¹ qh a net oeanu the tqta＀ atea qh
nett�ni w�th the oeuheu qren tq eqort�ue the oaz�owo
uqwate hqqtaie0 Vhe uqwate hqqtaie uha＀＀ be ea＀ew＀atef
wu�ni utanfatf oatheoat�ea＀ hqtow＀au hqt ieqoett�e
uhareu0 Se�neu anf qthet teetaniw＀at netu uha＀＀ be
ea＀ew＀atef wu�ni the oaz�owo ＀enith anf oaz�owo
w�fth qh the nett�ni0 Vtaw＀u anf qthet bai t{re netu uha＀＀
be ea＀ew＀atef au a eqne wu�ni the oaz�owo e�tewohet/
enee qh the net oqwth tq fet�xe the taf�wu, anf the
oaz�owo ＀enith htqo the net oqwth tq the ta�＀ enf qh the
net tq fet�xe the u＀ant he�iht0 Ea＀ew＀at�qnu hqt an{ qthet
netu qt eqob�nat�qn t{re netu uha＀＀ be bauef qn the
uhareu qh the �nf�x�fwa＀ eqorqnentu;
(5) ¬eqaut＀�ne¹ oeanu the tett�tqt�a＀ uea baue ＀�ne hqt
the State qh H＀qt�fa eutab＀�uhef rwtuwant tq the ＀awu qh
the Wn�tef Stateu qh Aoet�ea;
(6) ¬H＀qt�fa watetu¹ oeanu the watetu qh the At＀ant�e
Qeean, the Gw＀h qh Mez�eq, the Stta�tu qh H＀qt�fa, anf
an{ qthet bqf�eu qh watet wnfet the �wt�uf�et�qn qh the
State qh H＀qt�fa, whethet eqauta＀, �nttaeqauta＀ qt �n＀anf,
anf an{ ratt theteqh; anf
(5) ¬neatuhqte anf �nuhqte H＀qt�fa watetu¹ oeanu
a＀＀ H＀qt�fa watetu �nu�fe a ＀�ne thtee o�＀eu ueawatf qh the
eqaut＀�ne a＀qni the Gw＀h qh Mez�eq anf �nu�fe a ＀�ne qne
o�＀e ueawatf qh the eqaut＀�ne a＀qni the At＀ant�e Qeean0
(f) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{ tq the wue qh netu hqt
ue�ent�h�e teueateh qt iqxetnoenta＀ rwtrqueu0
(e) Petuqnu x�q＀at�ni th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be rtque/
ewtef anf rwn�uhef rwtuwant tq the rena＀t�eu rtqx�fef
�n ueet�qn 5920223(2)(a),(b),(e)80 anf 90, anf (e), H＀qt�fa
Statwteu (3;;3), wn＀euu anf wnt�＀ the ＀ei�u＀atwte enaetu
oqte utt�nient rena＀t�eu hqt x�q＀at�qnu heteqh0 Qn anf
ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u ueet�qn, ＀aw enhqteeoent
qhh�eetu �n the utate ate awthqt�zef tq enhqtee the
rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn �n the uaoe oannet anf
awthqt�t{ au �h a x�q＀at�qn qh th�u ueet�qn eqnut�twtef a
x�q＀at�qn qh Ehartet 592, H＀qt�fa Statwteu (3;;3)0
(h) Kt �u the �ntent qh th�u ueet�qn that �or＀eoent�ni
＀ei�u＀at�qn �u nqt teqw�tef hqt enhqte�ni an{ x�q＀at�qnu
heteqh, bwt nqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn rtqh�b�tu the eutab＀�uh/
oent b{ ＀aw qt rwtuwant tq ＀aw qh oqte teutt�et�qnu qn
the wue qh netu hqt the rwtrque qh eateh�ni qt ta��ni an{
ua＀twatet h�nh�uh, uhe＀＀h�uh, qt qthet oat�ne an�oa＀u0
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(i) Kh an{ rqtt�qn qh th�u ueet�qn �u he＀f �nxa＀�f hqt an{
teauqn, the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qn qh th�u ueet�qn, tq the
hw＀＀eut eztent rquu�b＀e, uha＀＀ be uexetef htqo the xq�f
rqtt�qn anf i�xen the hw＀＀eut rquu�b＀e hqtee anf arr＀�ea/
t�qn0
(h) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn the Jw＀{ 3 nezt
qeewtt�ni ahtet arrtqxa＀ heteqh b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Qetqbet 2, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;60
SGEVKQP 390 Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf0´
(a) Vhete �u heteb{ eutab＀�uhef the Gxeti＀afeu
Vtwut Hwnf, wh�eh uha＀＀ nqt be uwb�eet tq teto�nat�qn
rwtuwant tq Att�e＀e KKK, Seet�qn 3;(h)0 Vhe rwtrque qh the
Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf �u tq oa�e hwnfu axa�＀ab＀e tq
auu�ut �n eqnuetxat�qn anf rtqteet�qn qh natwta＀ te/
uqwteeu anf abateoent qh watet rq＀＀wt�qn �n the Gxet/
i＀afeu Ptqteet�qn Atea anf the Gxeti＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀
Atea0 Vhe ttwut hwnf uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the Sqwth
H＀qt�fa Yatet Manaieoent D�utt�et, qt �tu uweeeuuqt
aiene{, eqnu�utent w�th utatwtqt{ ＀aw0
(b) Vhe Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf oa{ teee�xe hwnfu
htqo an{ uqwtee, �ne＀wf�ni i�htu htqo �nf�x�fwa＀u,
eqtrqtat�qnu qt qthet ent�t�eu; hwnfu htqo ieneta＀
texenwe au feteto�nef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte; anf an{
qthet hwnfu uq feu�inatef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte, b{ the
Wn�tef Stateu Eqniteuu qt b{ an{ qthet iqxetnoenta＀
ent�t{0
(e) Hwnfu ferqu�tef tq the Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf
uha＀＀ be ezrenfef hqt rwtrqueu qh eqnuetxat�qn anf
rtqteet�qn qh natwta＀ teuqwteeu anf abateoent qh watet
rq＀＀wt�qn �n the Gxeti＀afeu Ptqteet�qn Atea anf Gxet/
i＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀ Atea0
(f) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u uwbueet�qn, the tetou
¬Gxeti＀afeu Ptqteet�qn Atea,¹ ¬Gxeti＀afeu Ait�ew＀twta＀
Atea¹ anf ¬Sqwth H＀qt�fa Yatet Manaieoent D�utt�et¹
uha＀＀ haxe the oean�niu au feh�nef �n utatwteu �n ehheet
qn Janwat{ 3, 3;;80
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Mateh
28, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 380 D�urqu�t�qn qh eqnuetxat�qn ＀anfu0
Vhe hee �nteteut �n tea＀ rtqrett{ he＀f b{ an ent�t{ qh the
utate anf feu�inatef hqt natwta＀ teuqwteeu eqnuetxat�qn
rwtrqueu au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀ be oanaief
hqt the beneh�t qh the e�t�zenu qh th�u utate anf oa{ be
f�urquef qh qn＀{ �h the oeobetu qh the iqxetn�ni bqatf
qh the ent�t{ hq＀f�ni t�t＀e feteto�ne the rtqrett{ �u nq
＀qniet neefef hqt eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu anf qn＀{ wrqn
a xqte qh twq/th�tfu qh the iqxetn�ni bqatf0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 5,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3SGEVKQP 3;0 J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn
u{uteo0´Vq tefwee ttahh�e eqnieut�qn anf rtqx�fe
a＀tetnat�xeu tq the ttaxe＀�ni rwb＀�e, �t �u heteb{ fee＀atef
tq be �n the rwb＀�e �nteteut that a h�ih ureef itqwnf
ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo eqnu�ut�ni qh a oqnqta�＀, h�zef
iw�fewa{ qt oainet�e ＀ex�tat�qn u{uteo, earab＀e qh
ureefu �n ezeeuu qh 322 o�＀eu ret hqwt, be fexe＀qref
anf qretatef �n the State qh H＀qt�fa tq rtqx�fe h�ih
ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn b{ �nnqxat�xe, ehh�e�ent anf
ehheet�xe teehnq＀qi�eu eqnu�ut�ni qh fef�eatef ta�＀u qt
iw�fewa{u ueratatef htqo oqtqt xeh�ew＀at ttahh�e that
w�＀＀ ＀�n� the h�xe ＀atieut wtban ateau qh the State au
5;
ATVKENG Z
feteto�nef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte anf rtqx�fe hqt aeeeuu tq
ez�ut�ni a�t anf itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn hae�＀�t�eu anf
uetx�eeu0 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte, the Eab�net anf the Gqxetnqt
ate heteb{ f�teetef tq rtqeeef w�th the fexe＀qroent qh
uweh a u{uteo b{ the State anf/qt b{ a rt�xate ent�t{
rwtuwant tq utate arrtqxa＀ anf awthqt�zat�qn, �ne＀wf�ni
the aeqw�u�t�qn qh t�iht/qh/wa{, the h�nane�ni qh feu�in
anf eqnuttwet�qn qh the u{uteo, anf the qretat�qn qh the
u{uteo, au rtqx�fef b{ uree�h�e arrtqrt�at�qn anf b{
＀aw, w�th eqnuttwet�qn tq bei�n qn qt behqte Pqxeobet 3,
22250
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Serteobet 5, 3;;;; afqrtef 2222; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th
the Seetetat{ qh State Hebtwat{ 38, 2226; afqrtef 22260
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn wau terea＀ef ehheet�xe Janwat{ 6, 2225, b{ Ao0 rtqrquef
b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Hebtwat{ 38, 2226; afqrtef
22260 See u0 5(e), Att0 ZK, State Eqnut�twt�qn, hqt eqnut�twt�qna＀ ehheet�xe fate0
SGEVKQP 220 Yqt�r＀aeeu w�thqwt tqbaeeq
uoq�e0´
(a) PTQJKDKVKQP0 Au a H＀qt�fa hea＀th �n�t�at�xe tq
rtqteet reqr＀e htqo the hea＀th hazatfu qh ueeqnf/hanf
tqbaeeq uoq�e, tqbaeeq uoq��ni �u rtqh�b�tef �n
ene＀quef �nfqqt wqt�r＀aeeu0
(b) GZEGPVKQPS0 Au hwtthet ezr＀a�nef �n the
feh�n�t�qnu be＀qw, tqbaeeq uoq��ni oa{ be reto�ttef
�n rt�xate teu�feneeu whenexet the{ ate nqt be�ni wuef
eqooete�a＀＀{ tq rtqx�fe eh�＀f eate, afw＀t eate, qt hea＀th
eate, qt an{ eqob�nat�qn theteqh; anf hwtthet oa{ be
reto�ttef �n teta�＀ tqbaeeq uhqru, feu�inatef uoq��ni
iweut tqqou at hqte＀u anf qthet rwb＀�e ＀qfi�ni eutab/
＀�uhoentu; anf utanf/a＀qne batu0 Jqwexet, nqth�ni �n
th�u ueet�qn qt �n �tu �or＀eoent�ni ＀ei�u＀at�qn qt teiw＀a/
t�qnu uha＀＀ rtqh�b�t the qwnet, ＀euuee, qt qthet retuqn �n
eqnttq＀ qh the wue qh an ene＀quef �nfqqt wqt�r＀aee htqo
hwtthet rtqh�b�t�ni qt ＀�o�t�ni uoq��ni thete�n0
(e) DGHKPKVKQPS0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn,
the hq＀＀qw�ni wqtfu anf tetou uha＀＀ haxe the utatef
oean�niu<
(3) ¬Soq��ni¹ oeanu �nha＀�ni, ezha＀�ni, bwtn�ni,
eatt{�ni, qt rquueuu�ni an{ ＀�ihtef tqbaeeq rtqfwet,
�ne＀wf�ni e�iatetteu, e�iatu, r�re tqbaeeq, anf an{ qthet
＀�ihtef tqbaeeq rtqfwet0
(2) ¬Seeqnf/hanf uoq�e,¹ a＀uq �nqwn au enx�tqn/
oenta＀ tqbaeeq uoq�e (GVS), oeanu uoq�e eo�ttef
htqo ＀�ihtef, uoq＀fet�ni, qt bwtn�ni tqbaeeq when the
uoq�et �u nqt �nha＀�ni; uoq�e eo�ttef at the oqwth/
r�eee fwt�ni rwhh ftaw�ni; anf uoq�e ezha＀ef b{ the
uoq�et0
(5) ¬Yqt�¹ oeanu an{ retuqn'u rtqx�f�ni an{ eo/
r＀q{oent qt eor＀q{oent/t{re uetx�ee hqt qt at the
teqweut qh anqthet �nf�x�fwa＀ qt �nf�x�fwa＀u qt an{ rwb＀�e
qt rt�xate ent�t{, whethet hqt eqorenuat�qn qt nqt,
whethet hw＀＀ qt ratt/t�oe, whethet ＀eia＀＀{ qt nqt0
¬Yqt�¹ �ne＀wfeu, w�thqwt ＀�o�tat�qn, an{ uweh uetx�ee
rethqtoef b{ an eor＀q{ee, �nferenfent eqnttaetqt,
aient, rattnet, rtqrt�etqt, oanaiet, qhh�eet, f�teetqt,
arrtent�ee, tta�nee, auuqe�ate, uetxant, xq＀wnteet, anf
the ＀��e0
(6) ¬Gne＀quef �nfqqt wqt�r＀aee¹ oeanu an{ r＀aee
whete qne qt oqte retuqnu eniaieu �n wqt�, anf wh�eh
r＀aee �u rtefqo�nant＀{ qt tqta＀＀{ bqwnfef qn a＀＀ u�feu
anf abqxe b{ rh{u�ea＀ batt�etu, teiatf＀euu qh whethet
uweh batt�etu eqnu�ut qh qt �ne＀wfe wneqxetef qren�niu,
ueteenef qt qthetw�ue ratt�a＀＀{ eqxetef qren�niu; qt
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
qren qt e＀quef w�nfqwu, �a＀qwu�eu, fqqtu, qt the ＀��e0
Vh�u ueet�qn arr＀�eu tq a＀＀ uweh ene＀quef �nfqqt wqt�/
r＀aeeu w�thqwt teiatf tq whethet wqt� �u qeewtt�ni at
an{ i�xen t�oe0
(5) ¬Eqooete�a＀¹ wue qh a rt�xate teu�fenee oeanu
an{ t�oe fwt�ni wh�eh the qwnet, ＀euuee, qt qthet
retuqn qeewr{�ni qt eqnttq＀＀�ni the wue qh the rt�xate
teu�fenee �u hwtn�uh�ni �n the rt�xate teu�fenee, qt
eawu�ni qt a＀＀qw�ni tq be hwtn�uhef �n the rt�xate
teu�fenee, eh�＀f eate, afw＀t eate, qt hea＀th eate, qt
an{ eqob�nat�qn theteqh, anf teee�x�ni qt ezreet�ni tq
teee�xe eqorenuat�qn thetehqt0
(8) ¬Teta�＀ tqbaeeq uhqr¹ oeanu an{ ene＀quef �n/
fqqt wqt�r＀aee fef�eatef tq qt rtefqo�nant＀{ hqt the
teta�＀ ua＀e qh tqbaeeq, tqbaeeq rtqfwetu, anf aeeeu/
uqt�eu hqt uweh rtqfwetu, �n wh�eh the ua＀e qh qthet
rtqfwetu qt uetx�eeu �u oete＀{ �ne�fenta＀0
(9) ¬Deu�inatef uoq��ni iweut tqqou at rwb＀�e
＀qfi�ni eutab＀�uhoentu¹ oeanu the u＀eer�ni tqqou
anf f�teet＀{ auuqe�atef rt�xate ateau, uweh au bath/
tqqou, ＀�x�ni tqqou, anf ��tehen ateau, �h an{, tentef tq
iweutu hqt the�t eze＀wu�xe ttanu�ent qeewrane{ �n rwb＀�e
＀qfi�ni eutab＀�uhoentu �ne＀wf�ni hqte＀u, oqte＀u, teuqtt
eqnfqo�n�wou, ttanu�ent arattoentu, ttanu�ent ＀qfi�ni
eutab＀�uhoentu, tqqo�ni hqwueu, bqatf�ni hqwueu,
teuqtt fwe＀＀�niu, bef anf btea�haut �nnu, anf the ＀��e;
anf feu�inatef b{ the retuqn qt retuqnu hax�ni
oanaieoent awthqt�t{ qxet uweh rwb＀�e ＀qfi�ni eutab/
＀�uhoent au tqqou �n wh�eh uoq��ni oa{ be reto�ttef0
(8) ¬Stanf/a＀qne bat¹ oeanu an{ r＀aee qh bwu�neuu
fexqtef fwt�ni an{ t�oe qh qretat�qn rtefqo�nant＀{ qt
tqta＀＀{ tq uetx�ni a＀eqhq＀�e bexetaieu, �ntqz�eat�ni
bexetaieu, qt �ntqz�eat�ni ＀�qwqtu, qt an{ eqob�nat�qn
theteqh, hqt eqnuwort�qn qn the ＀�eenuef rteo�ueu; �n
wh�eh the uetx�ni qh hqqf, �h an{, �u oete＀{ �ne�fenta＀ tq
the eqnuwort�qn qh an{ uweh bexetaie; anf that �u nqt
＀qeatef w�th�n, anf fqeu nqt uhate an{ eqooqn entt{/
wa{ qt eqooqn �nfqqt atea w�th, an{ qthet ene＀quef
�nfqqt wqt�r＀aee �ne＀wf�ni an{ bwu�neuu hqt wh�eh the
ua＀e qh hqqf qt an{ qthet rtqfwet qt uetx�ee �u oqte than
an �ne�fenta＀ uqwtee qh itquu texenwe0
(f) NGGKSNAVKQP0 Kn the nezt teiw＀at ＀ei�u＀at�xe
ueuu�qn qeewtt�ni ahtet xqtet arrtqxa＀ qh th�u aoenf/
oent, the H＀qt�fa Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ afqrt ＀ei�u＀at�qn tq
�or＀eoent th�u aoenfoent �n a oannet eqnu�utent w�th
�tu btqaf rwtrque anf utatef tetou, anf hax�ni an
ehheet�xe fate nq ＀atet than Jw＀{ 3 qh the {eat hq＀＀qw�ni
xqtet arrtqxa＀0 Sweh ＀ei�u＀at�qn uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe, w�thqwt
＀�o�tat�qn, e�x�＀ rena＀t�eu hqt x�q＀at�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn;
rtqx�u�qnu hqt afo�n�uttat�xe enhqteeoent; anf the
teqw�teoent anf awthqt�zat�qn qh aiene{ tw＀eu hqt
�or＀eoentat�qn anf enhqteeoent0 Pqth�ni hete�n uha＀＀
rtee＀wfe the Nei�u＀atwte htqo enaet�ni an{ ＀aw eqn/
ut�twt�ni qt a＀＀qw�ni a oqte teutt�et�xe teiw＀at�qn qh
tqbaeeq uoq��ni than �u rtqx�fef �n th�u ueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
32, 2222; afqrtef 22220
3SGEVKQP 230 N�o�t�ni etwe＀ anf �nhwoane eqn/
h�neoent qh r�iu fwt�ni rteinane{0´Knhwoane
tteatoent qh an�oa＀u �u a eqneetn qh H＀qt�fa e�t�zenu0
Vq rtexent etwe＀t{ tq eetta�n an�oa＀u anf au teeqo/
oenfef b{ Vhe Jwoane Sqe�et{ qh the Wn�tef Stateu,
the reqr＀e qh the State qh H＀qt�fa heteb{ ＀�o�t the etwe＀
62
ATVKENG Z
anf �nhwoane eqnh�neoent qh r�iu fwt�ni rteinane{ au
rtqx�fef hete�n0
(a) Kt uha＀＀ be wn＀awhw＀ hqt an{ retuqn tq eqnh�ne a r�i
fwt�ni rteinane{ �n an ene＀quwte, qt tq tethet a r�i
fwt�ni rteinane{, qn a hato �n uweh a wa{ that uhe �u
rtexentef htqo twtn�ni atqwnf htee＀{0
(b) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{<
(3) when a r�i �u wnfetiq�ni an ezao�nat�qn, teut,
tteatoent qt qretat�qn eatt�ef qwt hqt xetet�nat{ rwt/
rqueu, rtqx�fef the ret�qf fwt�ni wh�eh the an�oa＀ �u
eqnh�nef qt tethetef �u nqt ＀qniet than teauqnab＀{
neeeuuat{0
(2) fwt�ni the rteb�tth�ni ret�qf0
(e) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn<
(3) ¬ene＀quwte¹ oeanu an{ eaie, etate qt qthet
ene＀quwte �n wh�eh a r�i �u �ert hqt a＀＀ qt the oa�qt�t{
qh an{ fa{, �ne＀wf�ni what �u eqooqn＀{ feuet�bef au the
¬ieutat�qn etate0¹
(2) ¬hato¹ oeanu the ＀anf, bw�＀f�niu, uwrrqtt hae�＀/
�t�eu, anf qthet arrwttenaneeu wuef �n the rtqfwet�qn qh
an�oa＀u hqt hqqf qt h�bet0
(5) ¬retuqn¹ oeanu an{ natwta＀ retuqn, eqtrqtat�qn
anf/qt bwu�neuu ent�t{0
(6) ¬r�i¹ oeanu an{ an�oa＀ qh the rqte�ne uree�eu0
(5) ¬twtn�ni atqwnf htee＀{¹ oeanu twtn�ni atqwnf
w�thqwt hax�ni tq tqweh an{ u�fe qh the r�i'u ene＀quwte0
(8) ¬rteb�tth�ni ret�qf¹ oeanu the uexen fa{ ret�qf
rt�qt tq a r�i'u ezreetef fate qh i�x�ni b�tth0
(f) A retuqn whq x�q＀ateu th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be iw�＀t{
qh a o�ufeoeanqt qh the h�tut feitee, rwn�uhab＀e au
rtqx�fef �n u0 9950282(6)(a), H＀qt�fa Statwteu (3;;;), au
aoenfef, qt b{ a h�ne qh nqt oqte than &5222, qt b{
bqth �ort�uqnoent anf a h�ne, wn＀euu anf wnt�＀ the
＀ei�u＀atwte enaetu oqte utt�nient rena＀t�eu hqt x�q＀at�qnu
heteqh0 Qn anf ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u ueet�qn,
＀aw enhqteeoent qhh�eetu �n the utate ate awthqt�zef tq
enhqtee the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn �n the uaoe
oannet anf awthqt�t{ au �h a x�q＀at�qn qh th�u ueet�qn
eqnut�twtef a x�q＀at�qn qh Seet�qn 828035, H＀qt�fa
Statwteu (3;;;)0 Vhe eqnh�neoent qt tethet�ni qh eaeh
r�i uha＀＀ eqnut�twte a ueratate qhhenue0 Vhe �nqw＀efie
qt aetu qh aientu anf eor＀q{eeu qh a retuqn �n teiatf tq
a r�i qwnef, hatoef qt �n the ewutqf{ qh a retuqn, uha＀＀
be he＀f tq be the �nqw＀efie qt aet qh uweh retuqn0
(e) Kt �u the �ntent qh th�u ueet�qn that �or＀eoent�ni
＀ei�u＀at�qn �u nqt teqw�tef hqt enhqte�ni an{ x�q＀at�qnu
heteqh0
(h) Kh an{ rqtt�qn qh th�u ueet�qn �u he＀f �nxa＀�f hqt an{
teauqn, the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qn qh th�u ueet�qn, tq the
hw＀＀eut eztent rquu�b＀e, uha＀＀ be uexetef htqo the xq�f
rqtt�qn anf i�xen the hw＀＀eut rquu�b＀e hqtee anf arr＀�ea/
t�qn0
(i) Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet u�z {eatu ahtet
arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut
5, 2222; afqrtef 22220
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 3; b{ Aoenfoent Pq0 32,
2222, rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut 5, 2222,
afqrtef 2222, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 23 b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f
eqnhwu�qn w�th a＀teaf{ ez�ut�ni ueet�qn 3;, te＀at�ni tq the h�ih ureef itqwnf
ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, anf ueet�qn 22, te＀at�ni tq rtqh�b�t�ni wqt�r＀aee uoq��ni, au
eqnta�nef �n Aoenfoent Pq0 8, rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 32, 2222, anf afqrtef �n 22220
SGEVKQP 220 Patenta＀ nqt�ee qh teto�nat�qn qh a
o�nqt'u rteinane{0´Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ nqt ＀�o�t qt
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
fen{ the rt�xae{ t�iht iwatanteef tq a o�nqt wnfet the
Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�twt�qn au �ntetrtetef b{ the Wn�tef
Stateu Swrteoe Eqwtt0 Pqtw�thutanf�ni a o�nqt'u t�iht
qh rt�xae{ rtqx�fef �n Seet�qn 25 qh Att�e＀e K, the
Nei�u＀atwte �u awthqt�zef tq teqw�te b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw hqt
nqt�h�eat�qn tq a ratent qt iwatf�an qh a o�nqt behqte the
teto�nat�qn qh the o�nqt'u rteinane{0 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte
uha＀＀ rtqx�fe ezeert�qnu tq uweh teqw�teoent hqt nqt�/
h�eat�qn anf uha＀＀ eteate a rtqeeuu hqt �wf�e�a＀ wa�xet qh
the nqt�h�eat�qn0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 3, 2226; afqrtef 22260
3SGEVKQP
250 S＀qt oaeh�neu0´
(a) Ahtet xqtet arrtqxa＀ qh th�u eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenf/
oent, the iqxetn�ni bqf�eu qh M�ao�/Dafe anf Dtqwatf
Eqwnt�eu eaeh oa{ hq＀f a eqwnt{/w�fe tehetenfwo �n
the�t teureet�xe eqwnt�eu qn whethet tq awthqt�ze u＀qt
oaeh�neu w�th�n ez�ut�ni, ＀�eenuef rat�owtwe＀ hae�＀�t�eu
(thqtqwihbtef anf hatneuu tae�ni, ite{hqwnf tae�ni,
anf �a�/a＀a�) that haxe eqnfwetef ＀�xe tae�ni qt iaoeu �n
that eqwnt{ fwt�ni eaeh qh the ＀aut twq ea＀enfat {eatu
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent0 Kh the
xqtetu qh uweh eqwnt{ arrtqxe the tehetenfwo qweut�qn
b{ oa�qt�t{ xqte, u＀qt oaeh�neu uha＀＀ be awthqt�zef �n
uweh rat�owtwe＀ hae�＀�t�eu0 Kh the xqtetu qh uweh eqwnt{ b{
oa�qt�t{ xqte f�uarrtqxe the tehetenfwo qweut�qn, u＀qt
oaeh�neu uha＀＀ nqt be uq awthqt�zef, anf the qweut�qn
uha＀＀ nqt be rteuentef �n anqthet tehetenfwo �n that
eqwnt{ hqt at ＀eaut twq {eatu0
(b) Kn the nezt teiw＀at Nei�u＀at�xe ueuu�qn qeewtt�ni
ahtet xqtet arrtqxa＀ qh th�u eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent,
the Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ afqrt ＀ei�u＀at�qn �or＀eoent�ni th�u
ueet�qn anf hax�ni an ehheet�xe fate nq ＀atet than Jw＀{ 3
qh the {eat hq＀＀qw�ni xqtet arrtqxa＀ qh th�u aoenfoent0
Sweh ＀ei�u＀at�qn uha＀＀ awthqt�ze aiene{ tw＀eu hqt �o/
r＀eoentat�qn, anf oa{ �ne＀wfe rtqx�u�qnu hqt the
＀�eenuwte anf teiw＀at�qn qh u＀qt oaeh�neu0 Vhe Nei�u/
＀atwte oa{ taz u＀qt oaeh�ne texenweu, anf an{ uweh
tazeu owut uwrr＀eoent rwb＀�e efweat�qn hwnf�ni utate/
w�fe0
(e) Kh an{ ratt qh th�u ueet�qn �u he＀f �nxa＀�f hqt an{
teauqn, the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qn qt rqtt�qnu uha＀＀ be
uexetef htqo the �nxa＀�f rqtt�qn anf i�xen the hw＀＀eut
rquu�b＀e hqtee anf ehheet0
(f) Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ beeqoe ehheet�xe when
arrtqxef b{ xqte qh the e＀eetqtu qh the utate0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{
28, 2222; afqrtef 22260
3
Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 3; b{ Aoenfoent Pq0 6,
2226, rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 28, 2222,
afqrtef 2226, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 25 b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f
eqnhwu�qn w�th a＀teaf{ ez�ut�ni ueet�qn 3;, te＀at�ni tq the h�ih ureef itqwnf
ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo0
SGEVKQP 260 H＀qt�fa o�n�owo waie0´
(a) PWDNKE PQNKEY0 A＀＀ wqt��ni H＀qt�f�anu ate
ent�t＀ef tq be ra�f a o�n�owo waie that �u uwhh�e�ent tq
rtqx�fe a feeent anf hea＀th{ ＀�he hqt theo anf the�t
hao�＀�eu, that rtqteetu the�t eor＀q{etu htqo wnha�t ＀qw/
waie eqoret�t�qn, anf that fqeu nqt hqtee theo tq te＀{
qn tazra{et/hwnfef rwb＀�e uetx�eeu �n qtfet tq axq�f
eeqnqo�e hatfuh�r0
(b) DGHKPKVKQPS0 Au wuef �n th�u aoenfoent, the
tetou ¬Gor＀q{et,¹ ¬Gor＀q{ee¹ anf ¬Yaie¹ uha＀＀ haxe
63
ATVKENG Z
the oean�niu eutab＀�uhef wnfet the hefeta＀ Ha�t Nabqt
Stanfatfu Aet (HNSA) anf �tu �or＀eoent�ni teiw＀at�qnu0
(e) MKPKMWM YAGG0 Gor＀q{etu uha＀＀ ra{ Go/
r＀q{eeu Yaieu nq ＀euu than the M�n�owo Yaie hqt a＀＀
hqwtu wqt�ef �n H＀qt�fa0 S�z oqnthu ahtet enaetoent,
the M�n�owo Yaie uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef at an hqwt＀{
tate qh &80350 Qn Serteobet 52th qh that {eat anf qn
eaeh hq＀＀qw�ni Serteobet 52th, the utate Aiene{ hqt
Yqt�hqtee Knnqxat�qn uha＀＀ ea＀ew＀ate an af�wutef M�n�/
owo Yaie tate b{ �neteau�ni the ewttent M�n�owo
Yaie tate b{ the tate qh �nh＀at�qn fwt�ni the twe＀xe
oqnthu rt�qt tq eaeh Serteobet 3ut wu�ni the eqnuwoet
rt�ee �nfez hqt wtban waie eatnetu anf e＀et�ea＀ wqt�etu,
EPK/Y, qt a uweeeuuqt �nfez au ea＀ew＀atef b{ the Wn�tef
Stateu Derattoent qh Nabqt0 Gaeh af�wutef M�n�owo
Yaie tate ea＀ew＀atef uha＀＀ be rwb＀�uhef anf ta�e ehheet
qn the hq＀＀qw�ni Janwat{ 3ut0 Hqt t�rref Gor＀q{eeu
oeet�ni e＀�i�b�＀�t{ teqw�teoentu hqt the t�r etef�t wnfet
the HNSA, Gor＀q{etu oa{ etef�t tqwatfu uat�uhaet�qn qh
the M�n�owo Yaie t�ru wr tq the aoqwnt qh the
a＀＀qwab＀e HNSA t�r etef�t �n 22250
(f) TGVANKAVKQP PTQJKDKVGD0 Kt uha＀＀ be wn/
＀awhw＀ hqt an Gor＀q{et qt an{ qthet ratt{ tq f�uet�o�nate
�n an{ oannet qt ta�e afxetue aet�qn aia�nut an{
retuqn �n teta＀�at�qn hqt ezete�u�ni t�ihtu rtqteetef
wnfet th�u aoenfoent0 T�ihtu rtqteetef wnfet th�u
aoenfoent �ne＀wfe, bwt ate nqt ＀�o�tef tq, the t�iht tq
h�＀e a eqor＀a�nt qt �nhqto an{ retuqn abqwt an{ ratt{'u
a＀＀eief nqneqor＀�anee w�th th�u aoenfoent, anf the
t�iht tq �nhqto an{ retuqn qh h�u qt het rqtent�a＀ t�ihtu
wnfet th�u aoenfoent anf tq auu�ut h�o qt het �n
auuett�ni uweh t�ihtu0
(e) GPHQTEGMGPV0 Petuqnu aiit�exef b{ a x�q/
＀at�qn qh th�u aoenfoent oa{ bt�ni a e�x�＀ aet�qn �n a
eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn aia�nut an Gor＀q{et qt
retuqn x�q＀at�ni th�u aoenfoent anf, wrqn rtexa�＀�ni,
uha＀＀ teeqxet the hw＀＀ aoqwnt qh an{ bae� waieu
wn＀awhw＀＀{ w�thhe＀f r＀wu the uaoe aoqwnt au ＀�qw�fatef
faoaieu, anf uha＀＀ be awatfef teauqnab＀e attqtne{'u
heeu anf equtu0 Kn aff�t�qn, the{ uha＀＀ be ent�t＀ef tq uweh
＀eia＀ qt eqw�tab＀e te＀�eh au oa{ be arrtqrt�ate tq teoef{
the x�q＀at�qn �ne＀wf�ni, w�thqwt ＀�o�tat�qn, te�nutateoent
�n eor＀q{oent anf/qt �n�wnet�xe te＀�eh0 An{ Gor＀q{et qt
qthet retuqn hqwnf ＀�ab＀e hqt w�＀＀hw＀＀{ x�q＀at�ni th�u
aoenfoent uha＀＀ a＀uq be uwb�eet tq a h�ne ra{ab＀e tq
the utate �n the aoqwnt qh &3222022 hqt eaeh x�q＀at�qn0
Vhe utate attqtne{ ieneta＀ qt qthet qhh�e�a＀ feu�inatef
b{ the utate ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ a＀uq bt�ni a e�x�＀ aet�qn tq
enhqtee th�u aoenfoent0 Aet�qnu tq enhqtee th�u
aoenfoent uha＀＀ be uwb�eet tq a utatwte qh ＀�o�tat�qnu
qh hqwt {eatu qt, �n the eaue qh w�＀＀hw＀ x�q＀at�qnu, h�xe
{eatu0 Sweh aet�qnu oa{ be btqwiht au a e＀auu aet�qn
rwtuwant tq Tw＀e 30222 qh the H＀qt�fa Tw＀eu qh E�x�＀
Ptqeefwte0
(h) ADDKVKQPAN NGGKSNAVKQP, KMPNGMGPVA/
VKQP APD EQPSVTWEVKQP0 Kor＀eoent�ni ＀ei�u＀a/
t�qn �u nqt teqw�tef �n qtfet tq enhqtee th�u aoenfoent0
Vhe utate ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ b{ utatwte eutab＀�uh aff�t�qna＀
teoef�eu qt h�neu hqt x�q＀at�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent, ta�ue
the arr＀�eab＀e M�n�owo Yaie tate, tefwee the t�r
etef�t, qt eztenf eqxetaie qh the M�n�owo Yaie tq
eor＀q{etu qt eor＀q{eeu nqt eqxetef b{ th�u aoenf/
oent0 Vhe utate ＀ei�u＀atwte oa{ b{ utatwte qt the utate
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
Aiene{ hqt Yqt�hqtee Knnqxat�qn oa{ b{ teiw＀at�qn
afqrt an{ oeauwteu arrtqrt�ate hqt the �or＀eoentat�qn
qh th�u aoenfoent0 Vh�u aoenfoent rtqx�feu hqt
ra{oent qh a o�n�owo waie anf uha＀＀ nqt be eqnuttwef
tq rteeort qt qthetw�ue ＀�o�t the awthqt�t{ qh the utate
＀ei�u＀atwte qt an{ qthet rwb＀�e bqf{ tq afqrt qt enhqtee
an{ qthet ＀aw, teiw＀at�qn, teqw�teoent, rq＀�e{ qt utan/
fatf that rtqx�feu hqt ra{oent qh h�ihet qt uwrr＀e/
oenta＀ waieu qt beneh�tu, qt that eztenfu uweh rtqtee/
t�qnu tq eor＀q{etu qt eor＀q{eeu nqt eqxetef b{ th�u
aoenfoent0 Kt �u �ntenfef that eaue ＀aw, afo�n�uttat�xe
�ntetrtetat�qnu, anf qthet iw�f�ni utanfatfu fexe＀qref
wnfet the hefeta＀ HNSA uha＀＀ iw�fe the eqnuttwet�qn qh
th�u aoenfoent anf an{ �or＀eoent�ni utatwteu qt
teiw＀at�qnu0
(i) SGVGTADKNKVY0 Kh an{ ratt qh th�u aoenf/
oent, qt the arr＀�eat�qn qh th�u aoenfoent tq an{
retuqn qt e�tewoutanee, �u he＀f �nxa＀�f, the teoa�nfet qh
th�u aoenfoent, �ne＀wf�ni the arr＀�eat�qn qh uweh ratt tq
qthet retuqnu qt e�tewoutaneeu, uha＀＀ nqt be ahheetef b{
uweh a hq＀f�ni anf uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe �n hw＀＀ hqtee anf ehheet0
Vq th�u enf, the rattu qh th�u aoenfoent ate uexetab＀e0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut
9, 2225; afqrtef 22260
3 SGEVKQP 250
Pat�entu' t�iht tq �nqw abqwt
afxetue oef�ea＀ �ne�fentu0´
(a) Kn aff�t�qn tq an{ qthet u�o�＀at t�ihtu rtqx�fef
hete�n qt b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, rat�entu haxe a t�iht tq haxe
aeeeuu tq an{ teeqtfu oafe qt teee�xef �n the eqwtue qh
bwu�neuu b{ a hea＀th eate hae�＀�t{ qt rtqx�fet te＀at�ni tq
an{ afxetue oef�ea＀ �ne�fent0
(b) Kn rtqx�f�ni uweh aeeeuu, the �fent�t{ qh rat�entu
�nxq＀xef �n the �ne�fentu uha＀＀ nqt be f�ue＀quef, anf an{
rt�xae{ teutt�et�qnu �orquef b{ hefeta＀ ＀aw uha＀＀ be
oa�nta�nef0
(e) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn, the hq＀＀qw�ni tetou
haxe the hq＀＀qw�ni oean�niu<
(3) Vhe rhtaueu ¬hea＀th eate hae�＀�t{¹ anf ¬hea＀th
eate rtqx�fet¹ haxe the oean�ni i�xen �n ieneta＀ ＀aw
te＀atef tq a rat�ent'u t�ihtu anf teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu0
(2) Vhe teto ¬rat�ent¹ oeanu an �nf�x�fwa＀ whq hau
uqwiht, �u uee��ni, �u wnfetiq�ni, qt hau wnfetiqne
eate qt tteatoent �n a hea＀th eate hae�＀�t{ qt b{ a hea＀th
eate rtqx�fet0
(5) Vhe rhtaue ¬afxetue oef�ea＀ �ne�fent¹ oeanu
oef�ea＀ nei＀�ienee, �ntent�qna＀ o�ueqnfwet, anf an{
qthet aet, nei＀eet, qt fehaw＀t qh a hea＀th eate hae�＀�t{ qt
hea＀th eate rtqx�fet that eawuef qt eqw＀f haxe eawuef
�n�wt{ tq qt feath qh a rat�ent, �ne＀wf�ni, bwt nqt ＀�o�tef
tq, thque �ne�fentu that ate teqw�tef b{ utate qt hefeta＀
＀aw tq be terqttef tq an{ iqxetnoenta＀ aiene{ qt bqf{,
anf �ne�fentu that ate terqttef tq qt tex�ewef b{ an{
hea＀th eate hae�＀�t{ reet tex�ew, t�u� oanaieoent,
qwa＀�t{ auuwtanee, etefent�a＀u, qt u�o�＀at eqoo�ttee,
qt an{ terteuentat�xe qh an{ uweh eqoo�tteeu0
(6) Vhe rhtaue ¬haxe aeeeuu tq an{ teeqtfu¹ oeanu,
�n aff�t�qn tq an{ qthet rtqeefwte hqt rtqfwe�ni uweh
teeqtfu rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, oa��ni the teeqtfu
axa�＀ab＀e hqt �nureet�qn anf eqr{�ni wrqn hqtoa＀ qt
�nhqtoa＀ teqweut b{ the rat�ent qt a terteuentat�xe qh the
rat�ent, rtqx�fef that ewttent teeqtfu wh�eh haxe been
oafe rwb＀�e＀{ axa�＀ab＀e b{ rwb＀�eat�qn qt qn the Kntetnet
62
ATVKENG Z
oa{ be ¬rtqx�fef¹ b{ tehetenee tq the ＀qeat�qn at wh�eh
the teeqtfu ate rwb＀�e＀{ axa�＀ab＀e0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 3,
2225; afqrtef 22260
3Pqte0´
A0 Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 22 b{ Aoenfoent Pq0 9, 2226,
rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 3, 2225, afqrtef
2226, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 25 b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th
ueet�qn 22, te＀at�ni tq ratenta＀ nqt�ee qh teto�nat�qn qh a o�nqt'u rteinane{, au
eqnta�nef �n Aoenfoent Pq0 3, 2226, affef b{ J0J0T0 3, 2226, afqrtef 22260
D0 Aoenfoent Pq0 9, 2226, rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 3, 2225, afqrtef 2226, rwb＀�uhef ¬]h_w＀＀ ]t_ezt¹ eqnu�ut�ni qh a
utateoent anf rwtrque, the aetwa＀ aoenfoent ¬�nuett�ni the hq＀＀qw�ni new ueet�qn
at the enf ]qh Att0 Z_,¹ anf an ehheet�xe fate anf uexetab�＀�t{ rtqx�u�qn nqt uree�h�ea＀＀{
�ne＀wfef �n the aoenfoent tezt0 Vhe ehheet�xe fate anf uexetab�＀�t{ rtqx�u�qn teafu<
5) Ghheet�xe Date anf Sexetab�＀�t{<
Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be ehheet�xe qn the fate �t �u arrtqxef b{ the e＀eetqtate0 Kh
an{ rqtt�qn qh th�u oeauwte �u he＀f �nxa＀�f hqt an{ teauqn, the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qn qh
th�u oeauwte, tq the hw＀＀eut eztent rquu�b＀e, uha＀＀ be uexetef htqo the xq�f rqtt�qn
anf i�xen the hw＀＀eut rquu�b＀e hqtee anf arr＀�eat�qn0
3SGEVKQP 280
Ptqh�b�t�qn qh oef�ea＀ ＀�eenue
ahtet tereatef oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee0´
(a) Pq retuqn whq hau been hqwnf tq haxe eqo/
o�ttef thtee qt oqte �ne�fentu qh oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee
uha＀＀ be ＀�eenuef qt eqnt�nwe tq be ＀�eenuef b{ the State
qh H＀qt�fa tq rtqx�fe hea＀th eate uetx�eeu au a oef�ea＀
fqetqt0
(b) Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn, the hq＀＀qw�ni tetou
haxe the hq＀＀qw�ni oean�niu<
(3) Vhe rhtaue ¬oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee¹ oeanu bqth
the ha�＀wte tq rtaet�ee oef�e�ne �n H＀qt�fa w�th that ＀exe＀
qh eate, u��＀＀, anf tteatoent teeqin�zef �n ieneta＀ ＀aw
te＀atef tq hea＀th eate rtqx�fetu' ＀�eenuwte, anf an{
u�o�＀at wtqnihw＀ aet, nei＀eet, qt fehaw＀t �n qthet utateu qt
eqwntt�eu wh�eh, �h eqoo�ttef �n H＀qt�fa, wqw＀f haxe
been eqnu�fetef oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee0
(2) Vhe rhtaue ¬hqwnf tq haxe eqoo�ttef¹ oeanu
that the oa＀rtaet�ee hau been hqwnf �n a h�na＀ �wfioent
qh a eqwtt qh ＀aw, h�na＀ afo�n�uttat�xe aiene{ fee�u�qn, qt
fee�u�qn qh b�nf�ni atb�ttat�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 9,
2225; afqrtef 22260
3Pqte0´
A0 Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 22 b{ Aoenfoent Pq0 8, 2226,
rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 9, 2225, afqrtef
2226, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 28 b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th
a＀teaf{ ez�ut�ni ueet�qn 22, te＀at�ni tq rtqh�b�t�ni wqt�r＀aee uoq��ni0
D0 Aoenfoent Pq0 8, 2226, rtqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 9, 2225, afqrtef 2226, rwb＀�uhef ¬]h_w＀＀ ]t_ezt¹ eqnu�ut�ni qh a
utateoent anf rwtrque, the aetwa＀ aoenfoent ¬�nuett�ni the hq＀＀qw�ni new ueet�qn
at the enf ]qh Att0 Z_,¹ anf an ehheet�xe fate anf uexetab�＀�t{ rtqx�u�qn nqt uree�h�ea＀＀{
�ne＀wfef �n the aoenfoent tezt0 Vhe ehheet�xe fate anf uexetab�＀�t{ rtqx�u�qn teafu<
e) Ghheet�xe Date anf Sexetab�＀�t{<
Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be ehheet�xe qn the fate �t �u arrtqxef b{ the e＀eetqtate0 Kh
an{ rqtt�qn qh th�u oeauwte �u he＀f �nxa＀�f hqt an{ teauqn, the teoa�n�ni rqtt�qn qh
th�u oeauwte, tq the hw＀＀eut eztent rquu�b＀e, uha＀＀ be uexetef htqo the xq�f rqtt�qn
anf i�xen the hw＀＀eut rquu�b＀e hqtee anf arr＀�eat�qn0
SGEVKQP 290 Eqortehenu�xe Statew�fe Vqbae/
eq Gfweat�qn Anf Ptexent�qn Ptqitao0´Kn qtfet tq
rtqteet reqr＀e, euree�a＀＀{ {qwth, htqo hea＀th hazatfu qh
wu�ni tqbaeeq, �ne＀wf�ni aff�et�xe f�uqtfetu, eaneet,
eatf�qxauew＀at f�ueaueu, anf ＀wni f�ueaueu; anf tq
f�ueqwtaie wue qh tqbaeeq, ratt�ew＀at＀{ aoqni {qwth, a
rqtt�qn qh the oqne{ that tqbaeeq eqoran�eu ra{ tq the
State qh H＀qt�fa wnfet the Vqbaeeq Sett＀eoent eaeh
{eat uha＀＀ be wuef tq hwnf a eqortehenu�xe utatew�fe
tqbaeeq efweat�qn anf rtexent�qn rtqitao eqnu�utent
w�th teeqooenfat�qnu qh the W0S0 Eentetu hqt D�ueaue
Eqnttq＀ anf Ptexent�qn (EDE), au hq＀＀qwu<
(a) PTQGTAM0 Vhe oqne{ arrtqrt�atef rwt/
uwant tq th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be wuef tq hwnf a eqorte/
henu�xe utatew�fe tqbaeeq efweat�qn anf rtexent�qn
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
rtqitao eqnu�utent w�th the teeqooenfat�qnu hqt
ehheet�xe rtqitao eqorqnentu �n the 3;;; Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs qh
the EDE, au uweh Best Practices oa{ be aoenfef b{
the EDE0 Vh�u rtqitao uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe, at a o�n�owo, the
hq＀＀qw�ni eqorqnentu, anf oa{ �ne＀wfe aff�t�qna＀
eqorqnentu that ate a＀uq eqnta�nef w�th�n the EDE
Best Practices, au ret�qf�ea＀＀{ aoenfef, anf that ate
ehheet�xe at aeeqor＀�uh�ni the rwtrque qh th�u ueet�qn,
anf that fq nqt wnfeto�ne the ehheet�xeneuu qh theue
teqw�tef o�n�owo eqorqnentu<
(3) an afxett�u�ni eaora�in tq f�ueqwtaie the wue qh
tqbaeeq anf tq efweate reqr＀e, euree�a＀＀{ {qwth, abqwt
the hea＀th hazatfu qh tqbaeeq, wh�eh uha＀＀ be feu�inef
tq be ehheet�xe at aeh�ex�ni theue iqa＀u anf uha＀＀
�ne＀wfe, bwt neef nqt be ＀�o�tef tq, te＀ex�u�qn, taf�q,
anf rt�nt afxett�u�ni, w�th nq ＀�o�tat�qnu qn an{ �nf�x�f/
wa＀ afxett�u�ni oef�wo wt�＀�zef; anf wh�eh uha＀＀ be
hwnfef at a ＀exe＀ eqw�xa＀ent tq qne/th�tf qh eaeh tqta＀
annwa＀ arrtqrt�at�qn teqw�tef b{ th�u ueet�qn;
(2) ex�fenee/bauef ewtt�ew＀a anf rtqitaou tq efw/
eate {qwth abqwt tqbaeeq anf tq f�ueqwtaie the�t wue qh
�t, �ne＀wf�ni, bwt nqt ＀�o�tef tq, rtqitaou that �nxq＀xe
{qwth, efweate {qwth abqwt the hea＀th hazatfu qh
tqbaeeq, he＀r {qwth fexe＀qr u��＀＀u tq tehwue tqbaeeq,
anf feoqnuttate tq {qwth hqw tq utqr wu�ni tqbaeeq;
(5) rtqitaou qh ＀qea＀ eqoown�t{/bauef rattnet/
uh�ru that f�ueqwtaie the wue qh tqbaeeq anf wqt� tq
efweate reqr＀e, euree�a＀＀{ {qwth, abqwt the hea＀th
hazatfu qh tqbaeeq, w�th an eorhau�u qn rtqitaou
that �nxq＀xe {qwth anf eorhau�ze the rtexent�qn anf
eeuuat�qn qh tqbaeeq wue;
(6) enhqteeoent qh ＀awu, teiw＀at�qnu, anf rq＀�e�eu
aia�nut the ua＀e qt qthet rtqx�u�qn qh tqbaeeq tq o�nqtu,
anf the rquueuu�qn qh tqbaeeq b{ o�nqtu; anf
(5) rwb＀�e＀{/terqttef annwa＀ exa＀wat�qnu tq enuwte
that oqne{u arrtqrt�atef rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn ate
urent rtqret＀{, wh�eh uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe exa＀wat�qn qh the
rtqitao'u ehheet�xeneuu �n tefwe�ni anf rtexent�ni
tqbaeeq wue, anf annwa＀ teeqooenfat�qnu hqt �ortqxe/
oentu tq enhanee the rtqitao'u ehheet�xeneuu, wh�eh
ate tq �ne＀wfe eqorat�uqnu tq u�o�＀at rtqitaou rtqxen
tq be ehheet�xe �n qthet utateu, au we＀＀ au eqorat�uqnu tq
EDE Best Practices, �ne＀wf�ni aoenfoentu thetetq0
(b) HWPDKPG0 Kn exet{ {eat bei�nn�ni w�th the
ea＀enfat {eat ahtet xqtetu arrtqxe th�u aoenfoent, the
H＀qt�fa Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ arrtqrt�ate, hqt the rwtrque
ezrteuuef hete�n, htqo the tqta＀ itquu hwnfu that
tqbaeeq eqoran�eu ra{ tq the State qh H＀qt�fa wnfet
the Vqbaeeq Sett＀eoent, an aoqwnt eqwa＀ tq h�hteen
reteent qh uweh hwnfu ra�f tq the State �n 2225; anf the
arrtqrt�at�qn teqw�tef b{ th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be af�wutef
annwa＀＀{ hqt �nh＀at�qn, wu�ni the Eqnuwoet Pt�ee Knfez
au rwb＀�uhef b{ the Wn�tef Stateu Derattoent qh Nabqt0
(e) DGHKPKVKQPS0 ¬Vqbaeeq¹ �ne＀wfeu, w�thqwt
＀�o�tat�qn, tqbaeeq �tue＀h anf tqbaeeq rtqfwetu that
�ne＀wfe tqbaeeq anf ate �ntenfef qt ezreetef hqt
hwoan wue qt eqnuwort�qn, �ne＀wf�ni, bwt nqt ＀�o�tef
tq, e�iatetteu, e�iatu, r�re tqbaeeq, anf uoq�e＀euu
tqbaeeq0 Vhe ¬Vqbaeeq Sett＀eoent¹ oeanu that eetta�n
Sett＀eoent Aiteeoent fatef Awiwut 25, 3;;9, entetef
�ntq �n uett＀eoent qh the eaue ut{＀ef au State of Florida,
et al. v. American Tobacco Company, et al., Eaue Pq0
65
ATVKENG Z
;5/3688 AJ (H＀a0 35th E�t0 Et0), au aoenfef b{
St�rw＀at�qn qh Aoenfoent fatef Serteobet 33, 3;;8;
anf �ne＀wfeu an{ uwbueqwent aoenfoentu anf uwe/
eeuuqt aiteeoentu0 ¬Yqwth¹ �ne＀wfeu o�nqtu anf {qwni
afw＀tu0
(f) GHHGEVKVG DAVG0 Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be/
eqoe ehheet�xe �ooef�ate＀{ wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the
xqtetu0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Jw＀{ 22,
2225; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 280 Nanf Aeqw�u�t�qn Vtwut Hwnf0´
(a) Ghheet�xe qn Jw＀{ 3 qh the {eat hq＀＀qw�ni rauuaie
qh th�u aoenfoent b{ the xqtetu, anf hqt a ret�qf qh 22
{eatu ahtet that ehheet�xe fate, the Nanf Aeqw�u�t�qn
Vtwut Hwnf uha＀＀ teee�xe nq ＀euu than 55 reteent qh net
texenweu fet�xef htqo the ez�ut�ni eze�ue taz qn
fqewoentu, au feh�nef �n the utatwteu �n ehheet qn
Janwat{ 3, 2232, au aoenfef htqo t�oe tq t�oe, qt an{
uweeeuuqt qt ter＀aeeoent taz, ahtet the Derattoent qh
Texenwe h�tut fefwetu a uetx�ee ehatie tq ra{ the equtu
qh the eq＀＀eet�qn anf enhqteeoent qh the eze�ue taz qn
fqewoentu0
(b) Hwnfu �n the Nanf Aeqw�u�t�qn Vtwut Hwnf uha＀＀
be ezrenfef qn＀{ hqt the hq＀＀qw�ni rwtrqueu<
(3) Au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw, tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee< the
aeqw�u�t�qn anf �ortqxeoent qh ＀anf, watet ateau, anf
te＀atef rtqrett{ �nteteutu, �ne＀wf�ni eqnuetxat�qn eaue/
oentu, anf teuqwteeu hqt eqnuetxat�qn ＀anfu �ne＀wf�ni
wet＀anfu, hqteutu, anf h�uh anf w�＀f＀�he hab�tat; w�＀f＀�he
oanaieoent ateau; ＀anfu that rtqteet watet teuqwteeu
anf ft�n��ni watet uqwteeu, �ne＀wf�ni ＀anfu rtqteet�ni
the watet qwa＀�t{ anf qwant�t{ qh t�xetu, ＀a�eu, utteaou,
urt�niuhefu, anf ＀anfu rtqx�f�ni teehatie hqt itqwnf/
watet anf aqw�het u{uteou; ＀anfu �n the Gxeti＀afeu
Ait�ew＀twta＀ Atea anf the Gxeti＀afeu Ptqteet�qn Atea,
au feh�nef �n Att�e＀e KK, Seet�qn 9(b); beaeheu anf
uhqteu; qwtfqqt teeteat�qn ＀anfu, �ne＀wf�ni teeteat�qna＀
tta�＀u, rat�u, anf wtban qren uraee; twta＀ ＀anfueareu;
wqt��ni hatou anf taneheu; h�utqt�e qt ieq＀qi�e u�teu;
tqiethet w�th oanaieoent, teutqtat�qn qh natwta＀ u{u/
teou, anf the enhaneeoent qh rwb＀�e aeeeuu qt
teeteat�qna＀ en�q{oent qh eqnuetxat�qn ＀anfu0
(2) Vq ra{ the febt uetx�ee qn bqnfu �uuwef
rwtuwant tq Att�e＀e VKK, Seet�qn 33(e)0
(e) Vhe oqne{u ferqu�tef �ntq the Nanf Aeqw�u�t�qn
Vtwut Hwnf, au feh�nef b{ the utatwteu �n ehheet qn
Janwat{ 3, 2232, uha＀＀ nqt be qt beeqoe eqoo�ni＀ef
w�th the ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf qh the utate0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Serteobet 39, 2232; afqrtef 22360
SGEVKQP 2;0 Mef�ea＀ oat��wana rtqfwet�qn,
rquueuu�qn anf wue0´
(a) PWDNKE PQNKEY0
(3) Vhe oef�ea＀ wue qh oat��wana b{ a qwa＀�h{�ni
rat�ent qt eatei�xet �n eqor＀�anee w�th th�u ueet�qn �u nqt
uwb�eet tq et�o�na＀ qt e�x�＀ ＀�ab�＀�t{ qt uanet�qnu wnfet
H＀qt�fa ＀aw0
(2) A rh{u�e�an uha＀＀ nqt be uwb�eet tq et�o�na＀ qt e�x�＀
＀�ab�＀�t{ qt uanet�qnu wnfet H＀qt�fa ＀aw uq＀e＀{ hqt �uuw�ni
a rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn w�th teauqnab＀e eate tq a
retuqn f�ainquef w�th a feb�＀�tat�ni oef�ea＀ eqnf�t�qn
�n eqor＀�anee w�th th�u ueet�qn0
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(5) Aet�qnu anf eqnfwet b{ a Mef�ea＀ Mat��wana
Vteatoent Eentet tei�utetef w�th the Derattoent, qt �tu
aientu qt eor＀q{eeu, anf �n eqor＀�anee w�th th�u
ueet�qn anf Derattoent teiw＀at�qnu, uha＀＀ nqt be
uwb�eet tq et�o�na＀ qt e�x�＀ ＀�ab�＀�t{ qt uanet�qnu wnfet
H＀qt�fa ＀aw0
(b) DGHKPKVKQPS0 Hqt rwtrqueu qh th�u ueet�qn,
the hq＀＀qw�ni wqtfu anf tetou uha＀＀ haxe the hq＀＀qw�ni
oean�niu<
(3) ¬Deb�＀�tat�ni Mef�ea＀ Eqnf�t�qn¹ oeanu eaneet,
er�＀eru{, i＀aweqoa, rqu�t�xe utatwu hqt hwoan �oow/
nqfeh�e�ene{ x�twu (JKV), aeqw�tef �oowne feh�e�ene{
u{nftqoe (AKDS), rqut/ttawoat�e utteuu f�uqtfet
(PVSD), ao{qttqrh�e ＀ateta＀ ue＀etqu�u (ANS), Etqhn'u
f�ueaue, Pat��nuqn'u f�ueaue, ow＀t�r＀e ue＀etqu�u, qt
qthet feb�＀�tat�ni oef�ea＀ eqnf�t�qnu qh the uaoe ��nf
qt e＀auu au qt eqoratab＀e tq thque enwoetatef, anf hqt
wh�eh a rh{u�e�an be＀�exeu that the oef�ea＀ wue qh
oat��wana wqw＀f ＀��e＀{ qwtwe�ih the rqtent�a＀ hea＀th
t�u�u hqt a rat�ent0
(2) ¬Derattoent¹ oeanu the Derattoent qh Jea＀th
qt �tu uweeeuuqt aiene{0
(5) ¬Kfent�h�eat�qn eatf¹ oeanu a fqewoent �uuwef
b{ the Derattoent that �fent�h�eu a qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent qt a
eatei�xet0
(6) ¬Mat��wana¹ hau the oean�ni i�xen eannab�u �n
Seet�qn 8;5022(5), H＀qt�fa Statwteu (2236), anf, �n
aff�t�qn, ¬Nqw/VJE eannab�u¹ au feh�nef �n Seet�qn
5830;88(3)(b), H＀qt�fa Statwteu (2236), uha＀＀ a＀uq be
�ne＀wfef �n the oean�ni qh the teto ¬oat��wana0¹
(5) ¬Mef�ea＀ Mat��wana Vteatoent Eentet¹ (MMVE)
oeanu an ent�t{ that aeqw�teu, ew＀t�xateu, rquueuueu,
rtqeeuueu (�ne＀wf�ni fexe＀qroent qh te＀atef rtqfwetu
uweh au hqqf, t�netwteu, aetquq＀u, q�＀u, qt q�ntoentu),
ttanuhetu, ttanurqttu, ue＀＀u, f�utt�bwteu, f�urenueu, qt
afo�n�utetu oat��wana, rtqfwetu eqnta�n�ni oat��wana,
te＀atef uwrr＀�eu, qt efweat�qna＀ oatet�a＀u tq qwa＀�h{�ni
rat�entu qt the�t eatei�xetu anf �u tei�utetef b{ the
Derattoent0
(8) ¬Mef�ea＀ wue¹ oeanu the aeqw�u�t�qn, rquueu/
u�qn, wue, fe＀�xet{, ttanuhet, qt afo�n�uttat�qn qh an
aoqwnt qh oat��wana nqt �n eqnh＀�et w�th Derattoent
tw＀eu, qt qh te＀atef uwrr＀�eu b{ a qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent qt
eatei�xet hqt wue b{ the eatei�xet'u feu�inatef qwa＀�h{/
�ni rat�ent hqt the tteatoent qh a feb�＀�tat�ni oef�ea＀
eqnf�t�qn0
(9) ¬Eatei�xet¹ oeanu a retuqn whq �u at ＀eaut
twent{/qne (23) {eatu q＀f whq hau aiteef tq auu�ut w�th
a qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent'u oef�ea＀ wue qh oat��wana anf hau
qwa＀�h�ef hqt anf qbta�nef a eatei�xet �fent�h�eat�qn eatf
�uuwef b{ the Derattoent0 Vhe Derattoent oa{ ＀�o�t
the nwobet qh qwa＀�h{�ni rat�entu a eatei�xet oa{ auu�ut
at qne t�oe anf the nwobet qh eatei�xetu that a
qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent oa{ haxe at qne t�oe0 Eatei�xetu
ate rtqh�b�tef htqo eqnuwo�ni oat��wana qbta�nef hqt
oef�ea＀ wue b{ the qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent0
(8) ¬Ph{u�e�an¹ oeanu a retuqn whq �u ＀�eenuef tq
rtaet�ee oef�e�ne �n H＀qt�fa0
(;) ¬Ph{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn¹ oeanu a wt�tten fqew/
oent u�inef b{ a rh{u�e�an, utat�ni that �n the rh{u�/
e�an'u rtqheuu�qna＀ qr�n�qn, the rat�ent uwhhetu htqo a
feb�＀�tat�ni oef�ea＀ eqnf�t�qn, that the oef�ea＀ wue qh
oat��wana wqw＀f ＀��e＀{ qwtwe�ih the rqtent�a＀ hea＀th
66
ATVKENG Z
t�u�u hqt the rat�ent, anf hqt hqw ＀qni the rh{u�e�an
teeqooenfu the oef�ea＀ wue qh oat��wana hqt the
rat�ent0 A rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn oa{ qn＀{ be rtqx�fef
ahtet the rh{u�e�an hau eqnfwetef a rh{u�ea＀ ezao�na/
t�qn anf a hw＀＀ auueuuoent qh the oef�ea＀ h�utqt{ qh the
rat�ent0 Kn qtfet hqt a rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn tq be �uuwef
tq a o�nqt, a ratent qt ＀eia＀ iwatf�an qh the o�nqt owut
eqnuent �n wt�t�ni0
(32) ¬Swa＀�h{�ni rat�ent¹ oeanu a retuqn whq hau
been f�ainquef tq haxe a feb�＀�tat�ni oef�ea＀ eqnf�t�qn,
whq hau a rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn anf a xa＀�f qwa＀�h{�ni
rat�ent �fent�h�eat�qn eatf0 Kh the Derattoent fqeu nqt
bei�n �uuw�ni �fent�h�eat�qn eatfu w�th�n n�ne (;) oqnthu
ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u ueet�qn, then a xa＀�f
rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn w�＀＀ uetxe au a rat�ent �fent�h�ea/
t�qn eatf �n qtfet tq a＀＀qw a retuqn tq beeqoe a
¬qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent¹ wnt�＀ the Derattoent bei�nu �uuw�ni
�fent�h�eat�qn eatfu0
(e) NKMKVAVKQPS0
(3) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn a＀＀qwu hqt a x�q＀at�qn qh
an{ ＀aw qthet than hqt eqnfwet �n eqor＀�anee w�th the
rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn0
(2) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ahheet qt terea＀ ＀awu
te＀at�ni tq nqn/oef�ea＀ wue, rquueuu�qn, rtqfwet�qn, qt
ua＀e qh oat��wana0
(5) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn awthqt�zeu the wue qh
oef�ea＀ oat��wana b{ an{qne qthet than a qwa＀�h{�ni
rat�ent0
(6) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ reto�t the qretat�qn
qh an{ xeh�e＀e, a�tetaht, tta�n qt bqat wh�＀e wnfet the
�nh＀wenee qh oat��wana0
(5) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn teqw�teu the x�q＀at�qn qh
hefeta＀ ＀aw qt rwtrqttu tq i�xe �oown�t{ wnfet hefeta＀
＀aw0
(8) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ teqw�te an{ aeeqo/
oqfat�qn qh an{ qn/u�te oef�ea＀ wue qh oat��wana �n an{
eqtteet�qna＀ �nut�twt�qn qt fetent�qn hae�＀�t{ qt r＀aee qh
efweat�qn qt eor＀q{oent, qt qh uoq��ni oef�ea＀
oat��wana �n an{ rwb＀�e r＀aee0
(9) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ teqw�te an{ hea＀th
�nuwtanee rtqx�fet qt an{ iqxetnoent aiene{ qt
awthqt�t{ tq te�obwtue an{ retuqn hqt ezrenueu te＀atef
tq the oef�ea＀ wue qh oat��wana0
(8) Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ahheet qt terea＀ ＀awu
te＀at�ni tq nei＀�ienee qt rtqheuu�qna＀ oa＀rtaet�ee qn the
ratt qh a qwa＀�h�ef rat�ent, eatei�xet, rh{u�e�an, MMVE,
qt �tu aientu qt eor＀q{eeu0
(f) DWVKGS QH VJG DGPATVMGPV0 Vhe Deratt/
oent uha＀＀ �uuwe teauqnab＀e teiw＀at�qnu neeeuuat{ hqt
the �or＀eoentat�qn anf enhqteeoent qh th�u ueet�qn0
Vhe rwtrque qh the teiw＀at�qnu �u tq enuwte the
axa�＀ab�＀�t{ anf uahe wue qh oef�ea＀ oat��wana b{
qwa＀�h{�ni rat�entu0 Kt �u the fwt{ qh the Derattoent tq
rtqow＀iate teiw＀at�qnu �n a t�oe＀{ hauh�qn0
(3) Kor＀eoent�ni Teiw＀at�qnu0 Kn qtfet tq a＀＀qw the
Derattoent uwhh�e�ent t�oe ahtet rauuaie qh th�u ueet�qn,
the hq＀＀qw�ni teiw＀at�qnu uha＀＀ be rtqow＀iatef nq ＀atet
than u�z (8) oqnthu ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u
ueet�qn<
a0 Ptqeefwteu hqt the �uuwanee anf annwa＀ tenewa＀
qh qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent �fent�h�eat�qn eatfu tq reqr＀e w�th
rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qnu anf utanfatfu hqt tenewa＀ qh
uweh �fent�h�eat�qn eatfu0 Dehqte �uuw�ni an �fent�h�eat�qn
ATVKENG Z
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
eatf tq a o�nqt, the Derattoent owut teee�xe wt�tten
eqnuent htqo the o�nqt'u ratent qt ＀eia＀ iwatf�an, �n
aff�t�qn tq the rh{u�e�an eett�h�eat�qn0
b0 Ptqeefwteu eutab＀�uh�ni qwa＀�h�eat�qnu anf utan/
fatfu hqt eatei�xetu, �ne＀wf�ni eqnfwet�ni arrtqrt�ate
bae�itqwnf ehee�u, anf rtqeefwteu hqt the �uuwanee
anf annwa＀ tenewa＀ qh eatei�xet �fent�h�eat�qn eatfu0
e0 Ptqeefwteu hqt the tei�uttat�qn qh MMVEu that
�ne＀wfe rtqeefwteu hqt the �uuwanee, tenewa＀, uwuren/
u�qn anf texqeat�qn qh tei�uttat�qn, anf utanfatfu tq
enuwte rtqret ueewt�t{, teeqtf �eer�ni, teut�ni, ＀abe＀/
�ni, �nureet�qn, anf uahet{0
f0 A teiw＀at�qn that feh�neu the aoqwnt qh oat��wa/
na that eqw＀f teauqnab＀{ be rteuwoef tq be an
afeqwate uwrr＀{ hqt qwa＀�h{�ni rat�entu' oef�ea＀ wue,
bauef qn the beut axa�＀ab＀e ex�fenee0 Vh�u rteuwort�qn
au tq qwant�t{ oa{ be qxeteqoe w�th ex�fenee qh a
ratt�ew＀at qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent'u arrtqrt�ate oef�ea＀ wue0
(2) Kfent�h�eat�qn eatfu anf tei�uttat�qnu0 Vhe De/
rattoent uha＀＀ bei�n �uuw�ni qwa＀�h{�ni rat�ent anf
eatei�xet �fent�h�eat�qn eatfu, anf tei�utet�ni MMVEu
nq ＀atet than n�ne (;) oqnthu ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh
th�u ueet�qn0
(5) Kh the Derattoent fqeu nqt �uuwe teiw＀at�qnu, qt �h
the Derattoent fqeu nqt bei�n �uuw�ni �fent�h�eat�qn
eatfu anf tei�utet�ni MMVEu w�th�n the t�oe ＀�o�tu uet �n
th�u ueet�qn, an{ H＀qt�fa e�t�zen uha＀＀ haxe utanf�ni tq
uee� �wf�e�a＀ te＀�eh tq eqore＀ eqor＀�anee w�th the
Derattoent'u eqnut�twt�qna＀ fwt�eu0
(6) Vhe Derattoent uha＀＀ rtqteet the eqnh�fent�a＀�t{
qh a＀＀ qwa＀�h{�ni rat�entu0 A＀＀ teeqtfu eqnta�n�ni the
�fent�t{ qh qwa＀�h{�ni rat�entu uha＀＀ be eqnh�fent�a＀ anf
�ert htqo rwb＀�e f�ue＀quwte qthet than hqt xa＀�f oef�ea＀
qt ＀aw enhqteeoent rwtrqueu0
(e) NGGKSNAVKQP0 Pqth�ni �n th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
＀�o�t the ＀ei�u＀atwte htqo enaet�ni ＀awu eqnu�utent w�th
th�u ueet�qn0
(h) SGVGTADKNKVY0 Vhe rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u ueet�qn
ate uexetab＀e anf �h an{ e＀awue, uentenee, rataitarh qt
ueet�qn qh th�u oeauwte, qt an arr＀�eat�qn theteqh, �u
af�wfief �nxa＀�f b{ a eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn
qthet rtqx�u�qnu uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe tq be �n ehheet tq the
hw＀＀eut eztent rquu�b＀e0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State
Janwat{ ;, 2235; afqrtef 22380
ATVKENG ZK
AMGPDMGPVS
eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0 Vhe hw＀＀ tezt qh the �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn anf the xqte qh eaeh oeobet xqt�ni uha＀＀ be
entetef qn the �qwtna＀ qh eaeh hqwue0
SGEVKQP 20 Tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn0´
(a) Y�th�n th�tt{ fa{u behqte the eqnxen�ni qh the
2239 teiw＀at ueuu�qn qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte, anf eaeh
twent�eth {eat theteahtet, thete uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef a
eqnut�twt�qn tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn eqorquef qh the
hq＀＀qw�ni th�tt{/uexen oeobetu<
(3) the attqtne{ ieneta＀ qh the utate;
(2) h�hteen oeobetu ue＀eetef b{ the iqxetnqt;
(5) n�ne oeobetu ue＀eetef b{ the urea�et qh the
hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu anf n�ne oeobetu ue＀eetef b{
the rteu�fent qh the uenate; anf
(6) thtee oeobetu ue＀eetef b{ the eh�eh �wut�ee qh
the uwrteoe eqwtt qh H＀qt�fa w�th the afx�ee qh the
�wut�eeu0
(b) Vhe iqxetnqt uha＀＀ feu�inate qne oeobet qh the
eqoo�uu�qn au �tu eha�t0 Vaeane�eu �n the oeobetuh�r
qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef �n the uaoe oannet au
the qt�i�na＀ arrq�ntoentu0
(e) Gaeh eqnut�twt�qn tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀
eqnxene at the ea＀＀ qh �tu eha�t, afqrt �tu tw＀eu qh
rtqeefwte, ezao�ne the eqnut�twt�qn qh the utate, hq＀f
rwb＀�e heat�niu, anf, nqt ＀atet than qne hwnftef e�iht{
fa{u rt�qt tq the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, h�＀e w�th the
ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu �tu rtqrqua＀, �h an{, qh a
tex�u�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn qt an{ ratt qh �t0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3838, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 S0J0T0 232, 3;;8;
afqrtef 3;;8; Aou0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn
Pqu0 8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Kn�t�at�xe0´Vhe rqwet tq rtqrque the
tex�u�qn qt aoenfoent qh an{ rqtt�qn qt rqtt�qnu qh th�u
eqnut�twt�qn b{ �n�t�at�xe �u teuetxef tq the reqr＀e,
rtqx�fef that, an{ uweh tex�u�qn qt aoenfoent, ezeert
hqt thque ＀�o�t�ni the rqwet qh iqxetnoent tq ta�ue
texenwe, uha＀＀ eobtaee bwt qne uwb�eet anf oattet
f�teet＀{ eqnneetef thetew�th0 Kt oa{ be �nxq�ef b{ h�＀�ni
w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu a ret�t�qn eqnta�n�ni
a eqr{ qh the rtqrquef tex�u�qn qt aoenfoent, u�inef
b{ a nwobet qh e＀eetqtu �n eaeh qh qne ha＀h qh the
eqniteuu�qna＀ f�utt�etu qh the utate, anf qh the utate au a
whq＀e, eqwa＀ tq e�iht reteent qh the xqteu eaut �n eaeh qh
uweh f�utt�etu teureet�xe＀{ anf �n the utate au a whq＀e �n
the ＀aut rteeef�ni e＀eet�qn �n wh�eh rteu�fent�a＀ e＀eetqtu
wete ehquen0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 2855, 3;92; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef
w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Awiwut 5, 3;;5; afqrtef 3;;6; Ao0 rtqrquef b{
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh
State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
ATVKENG ZK
Ptqrqua＀ b{ ＀ei�u＀atwte0
Tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn0
Kn�t�at�xe0
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn0
Aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn e＀eet�qn0
Vazat�qn anf bwfiet tehqto eqoo�uu�qn0
Vaz qt hee ＀�o�tat�qn0
SGEVKQP 30 Ptqrqua＀ b{ ＀ei�u＀atwte0´Aoenf/
oent qh a ueet�qn qt tex�u�qn qh qne qt oqte att�e＀eu, qt
the whq＀e, qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn oa{ be rtqrquef b{ �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn aiteef tq b{ thtee/h�hthu qh the oeobetuh�r qh
65
SGEVKQP 60 Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn0´
(a) Vhe rqwet tq ea＀＀ a eqnxent�qn tq eqnu�fet a
tex�u�qn qh the ent�te eqnut�twt�qn �u teuetxef tq the
reqr＀e0 Kt oa{ be �nxq�ef b{ h�＀�ni w�th the ewutqf�an qh
utate teeqtfu a ret�t�qn, eqnta�n�ni a fee＀atat�qn that a
eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn �u feu�tef, u�inef b{ a nwobet
qh e＀eetqtu �n eaeh qh qne ha＀h qh the eqniteuu�qna＀
f�utt�etu qh the utate, anf qh the utate au a whq＀e, eqwa＀ tq
h�hteen ret eent qh the xqteu eaut �n eaeh uweh f�utt�et
teureet�xe＀{ anf �n the utate au a whq＀e �n the ＀aut
rteeef�ni e＀eet�qn qh rteu�fent�a＀ e＀eetqtu0
ATVKENG ZK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(b) At the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn he＀f oqte than
n�net{ fa{u ahtet the h�＀�ni qh uweh ret�t�qn thete uha＀＀ be
uwbo�ttef tq the e＀eetqtu qh the utate the qweut�qn< ¬Sha＀＀
a eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn be he＀fA¹ Kh a oa�qt�t{ xqt�ni
qn the qweut�qn xqteu �n the ahh�toat�xe, at the nezt
uweeeef�ni ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn thete uha＀＀ be e＀eetef htqo
eaeh terteuentat�xe f�utt�et a oeobet qh a eqnut�twt�qna＀
eqnxent�qn0 Qn the twent{/h�tut fa{ hq＀＀qw�ni that
e＀eet�qn, the eqnxent�qn uha＀＀ u�t at the ear�ta＀, e＀eet
qhh�eetu, afqrt tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, �wfie the e＀eet�qn qh
�tu oeobetuh�r, anf h�z a t�oe anf r＀aee hqt �tu hwtwte
oeet�niu0 Pqt ＀atet than n�net{ fa{u behqte the nezt
uweeeef�ni ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, the eqnxent�qn uha＀＀ eawue
tq be h�＀ef w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu an{
tex�u�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn rtqrquef b{ �t0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
SGEVKQP 50 Aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn e＀eet�qn0
(a) A rtqrquef aoenfoent tq qt tex�u�qn qh th�u
eqnut�twt�qn, qt an{ ratt qh �t, uha＀＀ be uwbo�ttef tq the
e＀eetqtu at the nezt ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn he＀f oqte than
n�net{ fa{u ahtet the �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn qt terqtt qh tex�u�qn
eqoo�uu�qn, eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn qt tazat�qn anf
bwfiet tehqto eqoo�uu�qn rtqrqu�ni �t �u h�＀ef w�th the
ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu, wn＀euu, rwtuwant tq ＀aw
enaetef b{ the ahh�toat�xe xqte qh thtee/hqwtthu qh the
oeobetuh�r qh eaeh hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte anf ＀�o�tef
tq a u�ni＀e aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn, �t �u uwbo�ttef at an
eat＀�et uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn he＀f oqte than n�net{ fa{u ahtet
uweh h�＀�ni0
(b) A rtqrquef aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn qh th�u
eqnut�twt�qn, qt an{ ratt qh �t, b{ �n�t�at�xe uha＀＀ be
uwbo�ttef tq the e＀eetqtu at the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn
rtqx�fef the �n�t�at�xe ret�t�qn �u h�＀ef w�th the ewutqf�an
qh utate teeqtfu nq ＀atet than Hebtwat{ 3 qh the {eat �n
wh�eh the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn �u he＀f0
(e) Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ rtqx�fe b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, rt�qt
tq the hq＀f�ni qh an e＀eet�qn rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn, hqt
the rtqx�u�qn qh a utateoent tq the rwb＀�e teiatf�ni the
rtqbab＀e h�nane�a＀ �oraet qh an{ aoenfoent rtqrquef
b{ �n�t�at�xe rwtuwant tq ueet�qn 50
(f) Qnee �n the tenth wee�, anf qnee �n the u�zth
wee� �ooef�ate＀{ rteeef�ni the wee� �n wh�eh the
e＀eet�qn �u he＀f, the rtqrquef aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn,
w�th nqt�ee qh the fate qh e＀eet�qn at wh�eh �t w�＀＀ be
uwbo�ttef tq the e＀eetqtu, uha＀＀ be rwb＀�uhef �n qne
newuraret qh ieneta＀ e�tew＀at�qn �n eaeh eqwnt{ �n
wh�eh a newuraret �u rwb＀�uhef0
(e) Wn＀euu qthetw�ue uree�h�ea＀＀{ rtqx�fef hqt e＀ue/
whete �n th�u eqnut�twt�qn, �h the rtqrquef aoenfoent qt
tex�u�qn �u arrtqxef b{ xqte qh at ＀eaut u�zt{ reteent qh
the e＀eetqtu xqt�ni qn the oeauwte, �t uha＀＀ be ehheet�xe
au an aoenfoent tq qt tex�u�qn qh the eqnut�twt�qn qh the
utate qn the h�tut Vweufa{ ahtet the h�tut Mqnfa{ �n
Janwat{ hq＀＀qw�ni the e＀eet�qn, qt qn uweh qthet fate au
oa{ be uree�h�ef �n the aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3838, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn
Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5,
3;;8; afqrtef 3;;8; Ao0 J0J0T0 593, 2223; afqrtef 2222; Ao0 S0J0T0 25;6, 2226;
afqrtef 2226; Ao0 J0J0T0 3925, 2225; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 80
o�uu�qn0´
Vazat�qn anf bwfiet tehqto eqo/
68
ATVKENG ZK
(a) Dei�nn�ni �n 2229 anf eaeh twent�eth {eat
theteahtet, thete uha＀＀ be eutab＀�uhef a tazat�qn anf
bwfiet tehqto eqoo�uu�qn eqorquef qh the hq＀＀qw�ni
oeobetu<
(3) e＀exen oeobetu ue＀eetef b{ the iqxetnqt, nqne
qh whqo uha＀＀ be a oeobet qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte at the t�oe
qh arrq�ntoent0
(2) uexen oeobetu ue＀eetef b{ the urea�et qh the
hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu anf uexen oeobetu ue＀eetef
b{ the rteu�fent qh the uenate, nqne qh whqo uha＀＀ be a
oeobet qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte at the t�oe qh arrq�ntoent0
(5) hqwt nqn/xqt�ni ez qhh�e�q oeobetu, a＀＀ qh whqo
uha＀＀ be oeobetu qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte at the t�oe qh
arrq�ntoent0 Vwq qh theue oeobetu, qne qh whqo uha＀＀
be a oeobet qh the o�nqt�t{ ratt{ �n the hqwue qh
terteuentat�xeu, uha＀＀ be ue＀eetef b{ the urea�et qh the
hqwue qh terteuentat�xeu, anf twq qh theue oeobetu,
qne qh whqo uha＀＀ be a oeobet qh the o�nqt�t{ ratt{ �n
the uenate, uha＀＀ be ue＀eetef b{ the rteu�fent qh the
uenate0
(b) Vaeane�eu �n the oeobetuh�r qh the eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ be h�＀＀ef �n the uaoe oannet au the qt�i�na＀
arrq�ntoentu0
(e) At �tu �n�t�a＀ oeet�ni, the oeobetu qh the
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ e＀eet a oeobet whq �u nqt a oeobet
qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte tq uetxe au eha�t anf the eqoo�uu�qn
uha＀＀ afqrt �tu tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte0 Vheteahtet, the
eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ eqnxene at the ea＀＀ qh the eha�t0 An
ahh�toat�xe xqte qh twq th�tfu qh the hw＀＀ eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀
be neeeuuat{ hqt an{ tex�u�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn qt an{
ratt qh �t tq be rtqrquef b{ the eqoo�uu�qn0
(f) Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ ezao�ne the utate bwfiet/
at{ rtqeeuu, the texenwe neefu anf ezrenf�twte
rtqeeuueu qh the utate, the arrtqrt�ateneuu qh the taz
uttwetwte qh the utate, anf iqxetnoenta＀ rtqfwet�x�t{
anf ehh�e�ene{; tex�ew rq＀�e{ au �t te＀ateu tq the ab�＀�t{ qh
utate anf ＀qea＀ iqxetnoent tq taz anf afeqwate＀{ hwnf
iqxetnoenta＀ qretat�qnu anf ear�ta＀ hae�＀�t�eu teqw�tef
tq oeet the utate'u neefu fwt�ni the nezt twent{ {eat
ret�qf; feteto�ne oethqfu haxqtef b{ the e�t�zenu qh the
utate tq hwnf the neefu qh the utate, �ne＀wf�ni a＀tetnat�xe
oethqfu hqt ta�u�ni uwhh�e�ent texenweu hqt the neefu qh
the utate; feteto�ne oeauwteu that eqw＀f be �nut�twtef tq
ehheet�xe＀{ iathet hwnfu htqo ez�ut�ni taz uqwteeu;
ezao�ne eqnut�twt�qna＀ ＀�o�tat�qnu qn tazat�qn anf ez/
renf�twteu at the utate anf ＀qea＀ ＀exe＀; anf tex�ew the
utate'u eqortehenu�xe r＀ann�ni, bwfiet�ni anf neefu
auueuuoent rtqeeuueu tq feteto�ne whethet the teuw＀t/
�ni �nhqtoat�qn afeqwate＀{ uwrrqttu a uttatei�e fee�/
u�qnoa��ni rtqeeuu0
(e) Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ hq＀f rwb＀�e heat�niu au �t
feeou neeeuuat{ tq eatt{ qwt �tu teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu wnfet
th�u ueet�qn0 Vhe eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ �uuwe a terqtt qh the
teuw＀tu qh the tex�ew eatt�ef qwt, anf rtqrque tq the
＀ei�u＀atwte an{ teeqooenfef utatwtqt{ ehanieu te＀atef
tq the tazat�qn qt bwfietat{ ＀awu qh the utate0 Pqt ＀atet
than qne hwnftef e�iht{ fa{u rt�qt tq the ieneta＀
e＀eet�qn �n the ueeqnf {eat hq＀＀qw�ni the {eat �n wh�eh
the eqoo�uu�qn �u eutab＀�uhef, the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ h�＀e
w�th the ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu �tu rtqrqua＀, �h an{, qh
ATVKENG ZK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
a tex�u�qn qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn qt an{ ratt qh �t fea＀�ni w�th
tazat�qn qt the utate bwfietat{ rtqeeuu0
See0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 3838, 3;88; afqrtef 3;88; Aou0 rtqrquef b{
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pqu0 8 anf 35, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the
Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
280
SGEVKQP 90 Vaz qt hee ＀�o�tat�qn0´Pqtw�thutanf/
�ni Att�e＀e Z, Seet�qn 32(f) qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn, nq new
State taz qt hee uha＀＀ be �orquef qn qt ahtet Pqxeobet
8, 3;;6 b{ an{ aoenfoent tq th�u eqnut�twt�qn wn＀euu
the rtqrquef aoenfoent �u arrtqxef b{ nqt hewet than
twq/th�tfu qh the xqtetu xqt�ni �n the e＀eet�qn �n wh�eh
uweh rtqrquef aoenfoent �u eqnu�fetef0 Hqt rwtrqueu
qh th�u ueet�qn, the rhtaue ¬new State taz qt hee¹ uha＀＀
oean an{ taz qt hee wh�eh wqw＀f rtqfwee texenwe
uwb�eet tq ＀wor uwo qt qthet arrtqrt�at�qn b{ the
Nei�u＀atwte, e�thet hqt the State ieneta＀ texenwe hwnf
qt an{ ttwut hwnf, wh�eh taz qt hee �u nqt �n ehheet qn
Pqxeobet 9, 3;;6 �ne＀wf�ni w�thqwt ＀�o�tat�qn uweh
tazeu anf heeu au ate the uwb�eet qh rtqrquef eqnut�tw/
t�qna＀ aoenfoentu arreat�ni qn the ba＀＀qt qn Pqxeo/
bet 8, 3;;60 Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ arr＀{ tq rtqrquef
eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoentu te＀at�ni tq State tazeu qt
heeu wh�eh arreat qn the Pqxeobet 8, 3;;6 ba＀＀qt, qt
＀atet ba＀＀qtu, anf an{ uweh rtqrquef aoenfoent wh�eh
ha�＀u tq ia�n the twq/th�tfu xqte teqw�tef heteb{ uha＀＀ be
nw＀＀, xq�f anf w�thqwt ehheet0
2;0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Kn�t�at�xe Pet�t�qn h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Mateh
33, 3;;6; afqrtef 3;;80
ATVKENG ZKK
SEJGDWNG
See0
30
20
50
60
50
80
90
80
;0
320
330
320
350
360
350
380
390
380
3;0
220
230
220
250
260
250
280
290
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 uwretuefef0
Ptqrett{ tazeu; o�＀＀aieu0
Qhh�eetu tq eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee0
State eqoo�uu�qnet qh efweat�qn0
Swret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u0
Nawu rteuetxef0
T�ihtu teuetxef0
Pwb＀�e febtu teeqin�zef0
Dqnfu0
Pteuetxat�qn qh ez�ut�ni iqxetnoent0
De＀et�qn qh qbuq＀ete uehefw＀e �teou0
Senatqtu0
Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent0
Terteuentat�xeu; tetou0
Sree�a＀ f�utt�et tazeu0
Teqtian�zat�qn0
Eqnh＀�et�ni rtqx�u�qnu0
Dqnfu hqt hqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu0
Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee rtqrett{0
Aeeeuu tq rwb＀�e teeqtfu0
State texenwe ＀�o�tat�qn0
J�utqt�e rtqrett{ ezeort�qn anf auueuuoent0
H�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn eqoo�uu�qn0
Gzeewt�xe btaneh tehqto0
Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e V aoenfoent0
Kneteauef hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn0
Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qnu anf ＀�o�tat�qnu qn rtqr/
ett{ taz auueuuoentu0
69
520
530
520
550
560
550
580
ATVKENG ZKK
Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qn anf e＀auu�h�eat�qn anf
auueuuoent qh ＀anf wuef hqt eqnuetxat�qn
rwtrqueu0
N�o�tat�qn qn the auueuuef xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{
wuef hqt teu�fent�a＀ rwtrqueu0
Auueuuoent qh wqt��ni watethtqnt rtqrett{0
Aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn hqt eetta�n
oeobetu qh the atoef hqteeu fer＀q{ef qn
aet�xe fwt{ qwtu�fe qh the Wn�tef Stateu0
Vetetanu f�uab＀ef fwe tq eqobat �n�wt{; hqoe/
uteaf rtqrett{ taz f�ueqwnt0
Af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh hqt uwtx�x�ni urqwueu qh
xetetanu whq f�ef htqo uetx�ee/eqnneetef
eawueu anf h�tut teurqnfetu whq f�ef �n the
＀�ne qh fwt{0
Sq＀at fex�eeu qt tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fe/
x�eeu; ezeort�qn htqo eetta�n tazat�qn anf
auueuuoent0
Vaz ezeort�qn hqt tqta＀＀{ anf retoanent＀{ f�u/
ab＀ef h�tut teurqnfetu0
Aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo ezeort�qn hqt retuqnu aie
u�zt{/h�xe qt q＀fet0
SGEVKQP 30 Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 uwretuefef0
Att�e＀eu K thtqwih KV, VKK, anf KZ thtqwih ZZ qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh H＀qt�fa afqrtef �n 3885, au aoenfef
htqo t�oe tq t�oe, ate uwretuefef b{ th�u tex�u�qn
ezeert thque ueet�qnu ezrteuu＀{ teta�nef anf oafe a
ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn b{ tehetenee0
SGEVKQP 20 Ptqrett{ tazeu; o�＀＀aieu0´Vaz
o�＀＀aieu awthqt�zef �n eqwnt�eu, own�e�ra＀�t�eu anf
uree�a＀ f�utt�etu, qn the fate th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu
ehheet�xe, oa{ be eqnt�nwef wnt�＀ tefweef b{ ＀aw0
SGEVKQP 50 Qhh�eetu tq eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee0´
Gxet{ retuqn hq＀f�ni qhh�ee when th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu
ehheet�xe uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee hqt the teoa�nfet qh the
teto �h that qhh�ee �u nqt abq＀�uhef0 Kh the qhh�ee �u
abq＀�uhef the �newobent uha＀＀ be ra�f afeqwate eqo/
renuat�qn, tq be h�zef b{ ＀aw, hqt the ＀quu qh eoq＀woentu
hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto0
SGEVKQP 60 State eqoo�uu�qnet qh efweat�qn0
Vhe utate uwret�ntenfent qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn �n qhh�ee
qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ beeqoe anf,
hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto be�ni uetxef, uha＀＀ be the
eqoo�uu�qnet qh efweat�qn0
SGEVKQP 50 Swret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u0´
(a) Qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u tex�u�qn the eqwnt{
uwret�ntenfent qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn qh eaeh eqwnt{ uha＀＀
beeqoe anf, hqt the teoa�nfet qh the teto be�ni uetxef,
uha＀＀ be the uwret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u qh that f�utt�et0
(b) Vhe oethqf qh ue＀eet�qn qh the eqwnt{ uwret/
�ntenfent qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn qh eaeh eqwnt{, au
rtqx�fef b{ qt wnfet the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au
aoenfef, uha＀＀ arr＀{ tq the ue＀eet�qn qh the f�utt�et
uwret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u wnt�＀ ehanief au hete�n
rtqx�fef0
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
SGEVKQP 80 Nawu rteuetxef0´
(a) A＀＀ ＀awu �n ehheet wrqn the afqrt�qn qh th�u
tex�u�qn, tq the eztent nqt �neqnu�utent w�th �t, uha＀＀
teoa�n �n hqtee wnt�＀ the{ ezr�te b{ the�t tetou qt ate
terea＀ef0
(b) A＀＀ utatwteu wh�eh, wnfet the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, arr＀{ tq the utate uwret�ntenfent
qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn anf thque wh�eh arr＀{ tq the eqwnt{
uwret�ntenfent qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn uha＀＀ wnfet th�u
tex�u�qn arr＀{, teureet�xe＀{, tq the utate eqoo�uu�qnet
qh efweat�qn anf the f�utt�et uwret�ntenfent qh uehqq＀u0
SGEVKQP 90 T�ihtu teuetxef0´
(a) A＀＀ aet�qnu, t�ihtu qh aet�qn, e＀a�ou, eqnttaetu anf
qb＀�iat�qnu qh �nf�x�fwa＀u, eqtrqtat�qnu anf rwb＀�e
bqf�eu qt aiene�eu ez�ut�ni qn the fate th�u tex�u�qn
beeqoeu ehheet�xe uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe tq be xa＀�f au �h th�u
tex�u�qn haf nqt been afqrtef0 A＀＀ tazeu, rena＀t�eu,
h�neu anf hqthe�twteu qw�ni tq the utate wnfet the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, uha＀＀ �nwte tq the
utate wnfet th�u tex�u�qn, anf a＀＀ uenteneeu au rwn�uh/
oent hqt et�oe uha＀＀ be ezeewtef aeeqtf�ni tq the�t
tetou0
(b) Vh�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ nqt be tettqaet�xe uq au tq
eteate an{ t�iht qt ＀�ab�＀�t{ wh�eh f�f nqt ez�ut wnfet the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, bauef wrqn oattetu
qeewtt�ni rt�qt tq the afqrt�qn qh th�u tex�u�qn0
SGEVKQP 80 Pwb＀�e febtu teeqin�zef0´A＀＀
bqnfu, texenwe eett�h�eateu, texenwe bqnfu anf taz
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef rwtuwant tq the Eqnut�/
twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef b{ the utate, an{ aiene{,
rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qn qt rwb＀�e eqtrqtat�qn qh the utate
uha＀＀ teoa�n �n hw＀＀ hqtee anf ehheet anf uha＀＀ be ueewtef
b{ the uaoe uqwteeu qh texenwe au behqte the afqrt�qn
qh th�u tex�u�qn, anf, tq the eztent neeeuuat{ tq
ehheetwate th�u ueet�qn, the arr＀�eab＀e rtqx�u�qnu qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, ate teta�nef au a ratt
qh th�u tex�u�qn wnt�＀ ra{oent �n hw＀＀ qh theue rwb＀�e
ueewt�t�eu0
SGEVKQP ;0 Dqnfu0´
(a) ADDKVKQPAN SGEWTKVKGS0
(3) 3Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 39, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, au �t ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{ behqte th�u
Eqnut�twt�qn, au tex�uef �n 3;88, beeaoe ehheet�xe, �u
afqrtef b{ th�u tehetenee au a ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au
eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih �neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o,
ezeert texenwe bqnfu, texenwe eett�h�eateu qt qthet
ex�feneeu qh �nfebtefneuu heteahtet �uuwef thetewnfet
oa{ be �uuwef b{ the aiene{ qh the utate uq awthqt�zef
b{ ＀aw0
(2) Vhat rqtt�qn qh 2Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn ;, Swbueet�qn
(a) qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn, au aoenfef, wh�eh b{ tehetenee
afqrtef 5Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 3; qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, au the uaoe ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent �u afqrtef
b{ th�u tehetenee au ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au eqor＀ete＀{
au thqwih �neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o, hqt the rwtrque
qh rtqx�f�ni that ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenf/
oent a＀＀ qh the rtqeeefu qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo
the itquu teee�rtu tazeu, au thete�n feh�nef, eq＀＀eetef �n
eaeh {eat uha＀＀ be arr＀�ef au rtqx�fef thete�n tq the
68
ATVKENG ZKK
eztent neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th a＀＀ qb＀�iat�qnu tq qt hqt
the beneh�t qh hq＀fetu qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent qt an{
tehwnf�niu theteqh wh�eh ate ueewtef b{ uweh itquu
teee�rtu tazeu0 Pq bqnfu qt qthet qb＀�iat�qnu oa{ be
�uuwef rwtuwant tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh 5Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn
3;, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, bwt th�u
rtqx�u�qn uha＀＀ nqt be eqnuttwef tq rtexent the tehwnf�ni
qh an{ uweh qwtutanf�ni bqnfu qt qb＀�iat�qnu rwtuwant
tq the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u uwbueet�qn (a)(2)0
Swb�eet tq the teqw�teoentu qh the h�tut rataitarh qh
th�u uwbueet�qn (a)(2), bei�nn�ni Jw＀{ 3, 3;95, a＀＀ qh the
rtqeeefu qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo the itquu
teee�rtu tazeu eq＀＀eetef htqo exet{ retuqn, �ne＀wf�ni
own�e�ra＀�t�eu, au rtqx�fef anf ＀ex�ef rwtuwant tq the
rtqx�u�qnu qh ehartet 225, H＀qt�fa Statwteu, au uweh
ehartet �u aoenfef htqo t�oe tq t�oe, uha＀＀, au
eq＀＀eetef, be r＀aeef �n a ttwut hwnf tq be �nqwn au
the ¬rwb＀�e efweat�qn ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ anf febt uetx�ee
ttwut hwnf¹ �n the utate tteauwt{ (hete�nahtet tehettef tq
au ¬ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ hwnf¹), anf wuef qn＀{ au rtqx�fef
hete�n0
Vhe ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ hwnf uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the
utate bqatf qh efweat�qn au eteatef anf eqnut�twtef b{
Seet�qn 2 qh Att�e＀e KZ qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh H＀qt�fa au
tex�uef �n 3;88 (hete�nahtet tehettef tq au ¬utate
bqatf¹), qt b{ uweh qthet �nuttwoenta＀�t{ qh the utate
wh�eh uha＀＀ heteahtet uweeeef b{ ＀aw tq the rqwetu,
fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh the utate bqatf, �ne＀wf�ni the
rqwetu, fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh the utate bqatf rtqx�fef
�n th�u uwbueet�qn (a)(2)0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ be a bqf{
eqtrqtate anf uha＀＀ haxe a＀＀ the rqwetu rtqx�fef hete�n
�n aff�t�qn tq a＀＀ qthet eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf utatwtqt{
rqwetu te＀atef tq the rwtrqueu qh th�u uwbueet�qn
(a)(2) hetetqhqte qt heteahtet eqnhettef b{ ＀aw wrqn
the utate bqatf, qt �tu rtefeeeuuqt eteatef b{ the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef0
State bqnfu r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the
utate oa{ be �uuwef, w�thqwt a xqte qh the e＀eetqtu, b{
the utate bqatf rwtuwant tq ＀aw tq h�nanee qt teh�nanee
ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu thetetqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀a/
twte, anf an{ rwtrqueu arrwttenant qt �ne�fenta＀ thete/
tq, hqt the utate u{uteo qh rwb＀�e efweat�qn rtqx�fef hqt
�n Seet�qn 3 qh Att�e＀e KZ qh th�u Eqnut�twt�qn (hete�nahtet
tehettef tq au ¬utate u{uteo¹), �ne＀wf�ni bwt nqt ＀�o�tef tq
�nut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni, eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eieu,
xqeat�qna＀ teehn�ea＀ uehqq＀u, qt rwb＀�e uehqq＀u, au
nqw feh�nef qt au oa{ heteahtet be feh�nef b{ ＀aw0
A＀＀ uweh bqnfu uha＀＀ oatwte nqt ＀atet than th�tt{ {eatu
ahtet the fate qh �uuwanee theteqh0 A＀＀ qthet feta�＀u qh
uweh bqnfu uha＀＀ be au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw qt b{ the
rtqeeef�niu awthqt�z�ni uweh bqnfu; rtqx�fef, hqw/
exet, that nq bqnfu, ezeert tehwnf�ni bqnfu, uha＀＀ be
�uuwef, anf nq rtqeeefu uha＀＀ be ezrenfef hqt the equt
qh an{ ear�ta＀ rtq�eet, wn＀euu uweh rtq�eet hau been
awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte0
Dqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn (a)(2) uha＀＀
be rt�oat�＀{ ra{ab＀e htqo uweh texenweu fet�xef htqo
itquu teee�rtu tazeu, anf uha＀＀ be aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef
b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate0 Pq uweh bqnfu
uha＀＀ exet be �uuwef �n an aoqwnt ezeeef�ni n�net{
reteent qh the aoqwnt wh�eh the utate bqatf feteto�neu
ean be uetx�eef b{ the texenweu fet�xef htqo the itquu
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
teee�rtu tazeu aeetw�ni theteahtet wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu
qh th�u uwbueet�qn (a)(2), anf uweh feteto�nat�qn uha＀＀
be eqne＀wu�xe0
Vhe oqne{u �n the ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ hwnf �n eaeh h�uea＀
{eat uha＀＀ be wuef qn＀{ hqt the hq＀＀qw�ni rwtrqueu anf �n
the hq＀＀qw�ni qtfet qh rt�qt�t{<
a0 Hqt the ra{oent qh the rt�ne�ra＀ qh anf �nteteut
qn an{ bqnfu fwe �n uweh h�uea＀ {eat;
b0 Hqt the ferqu�t �ntq an{ teuetxe hwnfu rtqx�fef
hqt �n the rtqeeef�niu awthqt�z�ni the �uuwanee qh bqnfu
qh an{ aoqwntu teqw�tef tq be ferqu�tef �n uweh teuetxe
hwnfu �n uweh h�uea＀ {eat;
e0 Hqt f�teet ra{oent qh the equt qt an{ ratt qh the
equt qh an{ ear�ta＀ rtq�eet hqt the utate u{uteo thete/
tqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte, qt hqt the rwtehaue
qt tefeort�qn qh qwtutanf�ni bqnfu �n aeeqtfanee w�th
the rtqx�u�qnu qh the rtqeeef�niu wh�eh awthqt�zef the
�uuwanee qh uweh bqnfu, qt hqt the rwtrque qh oa�n/
ta�n�ni, teutqt�ni, qt tera�t�ni ez�ut�ni rwb＀�e efwea/
t�qna＀ hae�＀�t�eu0
(b) TGHWPDKPG DQPDS0 Texenwe bqnfu tq h�/
nanee the equt qh utate ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu �uuwef rt�qt tq
the fate th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu ehheet�xe, �ne＀wf�ni
rtq�eetu qh the H＀qt�fa utate twtnr��e awthqt�t{ qt �tu
uweeeuuqt bwt eze＀wf�ni a＀＀ rqtt�qnu qh the utate h�ihwa{
u{uteo, oa{ be tehwnfef au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw w�thqwt
xqte qh the e＀eetqtu at a ＀qwet net axetaie �nteteut equt
tate b{ the �uuwanee qh bqnfu oatwt�ni nqt ＀atet than the
qb＀�iat�qnu tehwnfef, ueewtef b{ the uaoe texenweu
qn＀{0
(e) MQVQT VGJKENG HWGN VAZGS0
(3) A utate taz, feu�inatef ¬ueeqnf iau taz,¹ qh twq
eentu ret ia＀＀qn wrqn iauq＀�ne anf qthet ＀��e rtqfwetu
qh rettq＀ewo anf an eqw�xa＀ent taz wrqn qthet uqwteeu
qh eneti{ wuef tq rtqre＀ oqtqt xeh�e＀eu au ＀ex�ef b{
6Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au
aoenfef, �u heteb{ eqnt�nwef0 Vhe rtqeeefu qh ua�f taz
uha＀＀ be r＀aeef oqnth＀{ �n the utate tqafu f�utt�bwt�qn
hwnf �n the utate tteauwt{0
(2) 6Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, �u afqrtef b{ th�u tehetenee au a
ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih �neqtrq/
tatef hete�n xetbat�o hqt the rwtrque qh rtqx�f�ni that
ahtet the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u tex�u�qn the rtqeeefu qh
the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ au tehettef tq thete�n uha＀＀ be
a＀＀qeatef aoqni the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu �n aeeqtfanee
w�th the hqtow＀a utatef thete�n tq the eztent neeeuuat{
tq eqor＀{ w�th a＀＀ qb＀�iat�qnu tq qt hqt the beneh�t qh
hq＀fetu qh bqnfu, texenwe eett�h�eateu anf taz ant�e�ra/
t�qn eett�h�eateu qt an{ tehwnf�niu theteqh ueewtef b{
an{ rqtt�qn qh the ¬ueeqnf iau taz0¹
(5) Pq hwnfu ant�e�ratef tq be a＀＀qeatef wnfet the
hqtow＀a utatef �n 6Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38, qh the Eqn/
ut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, uha＀＀ be r＀efief au
ueewt�t{ hqt an{ qb＀�iat�qn heteahtet �uuwef qt entetef
�ntq, ezeert that an{ qwtutanf�ni qb＀�iat�qnu rtex�qwu＀{
�uuwef r＀efi�ni texenweu a＀＀qeatef wnfet ua�f 6Att�e＀e
KZ, Seet�qn 38, oa{ be tehwnfef at a ＀qwet axetaie net
�nteteut equt tate b{ the �uuwanee qh tehwnf�ni bqnfu,
oatwt�ni nqt ＀atet than the qb＀�iat�qnu tehwnfef, ue/
ewtef b{ the uaoe texenweu anf an{ qthet ueewt�t{
awthqt�zef �n rataitarh (5) qh th�u uwbueet�qn0
6;
ATVKENG ZKK
(6) Swb�eet tq the teqw�teoentu qh rataitarh (2) qh
th�u uwbueet�qn anf ahtet ra{oent qh afo�n�uttat�xe
ezrenueu, the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ uha＀＀ be a＀＀qeatef tq the
aeeqwnt qh eaeh qh the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu �n the aoqwntu
tq be feteto�nef au hq＀＀qwu< Vhete uha＀＀ be an �n�t�a＀
a＀＀qeat�qn qh qne/hqwtth �n the tat�q qh eqwnt{ atea tq
utate atea, qne/hqwtth �n the tat�q qh the tqta＀ eqwnt{
rqrw＀at�qn tq the tqta＀ rqrw＀at�qn qh the utate �n
aeeqtfanee w�th the ＀ateut axa�＀ab＀e hefeta＀ eenuwu,
anf qne/ha＀h �n the tat�q qh the tqta＀ ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹
eq＀＀eetef qn teta�＀ ua＀eu qt wue �n eaeh eqwnt{ tq the tqta＀
eq＀＀eetef �n a＀＀ eqwnt�eu qh the utate fwt�ni the rtex�qwu
h�uea＀ {eat0 Kh the annwa＀ febt uetx�ee teqw�teoentu qh
an{ qb＀�iat�qnu �uuwef hqt an{ eqwnt{, �ne＀wf�ni an{
feh�e�ene�eu hqt rt�qt {eatu, ueewtef wnfet rataitarh
(2) qh th�u uwbueet�qn, ezeeefu the aoqwnt wh�eh wqw＀f
be a＀＀qeatef tq that eqwnt{ wnfet the hqtow＀a uet qwt �n
th�u rataitarh, the aoqwntu a＀＀qeatef tq qthet eqwnt�eu
uha＀＀ be tefweef rtqrqtt�qnate＀{0
(5) Hwnfu a＀＀qeatef wnfet rataitarhu (2) anf (6) qh
th�u uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the utate bqatf
qh afo�n�uttat�qn eteatef wnfet Att�e＀e KV, Seet�qn 60
Vhe bqatf uha＀＀ teo�t the rtqeeefu qh the ¬ueeqnf iau
taz¹ �n eaeh eqwnt{ aeeqwnt hqt wue �n ua�f eqwnt{ au
hq＀＀qwu< e�iht{ ret eent tq the utate aiene{ uwretx�u�ni
the utate tqaf u{uteo anf twent{ ret eent tq the
iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh the eqwnt{0 Vhe reteentaie a＀＀qeatef
tq the eqwnt{ oa{ be �neteauef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 Vhe
rtqeeefu qh the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ uwb�eet tq a＀＀qeat�qn tq
the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu wnfet th�u rataitarh (5) uha＀＀ be
wuef h�tut, hqt the ra{oent qh qb＀�iat�qnu r＀efi�ni
texenweu a＀＀qeatef rwtuwant tq 6Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38,
qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, anf an{
tehwnf�niu theteqh; ueeqnf, hqt the ra{oent qh febt
uetx�ee qn bqnfu �uuwef au rtqx�fef b{ th�u rataitarh
(5) tq h�nanee the aeqw�u�t�qn anf eqnuttwet�qn qh tqafu
au feh�nef b{ ＀aw; anf th�tf, hqt the aeqw�u�t�qn anf
eqnuttwet�qn qh tqafu anf hqt tqaf oa�ntenanee au
awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw0 Yhen awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, utate bqnfu
r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate oa{ be
�uuwef w�thqwt an{ e＀eet�qn< (�) tq tehwnf qb＀�iat�qnu
ueewtef b{ an{ rqtt�qn qh the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ a＀＀qeatef
tq a eqwnt{ wnfet 6Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 38, qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef; (��) tq h�nanee the
aeqw�u�t�qn anf eqnuttwet�qn qh tqafu �n a eqwnt{ when
arrtqxef b{ the iqxetn�ni bqf{ qh the eqwnt{ anf the
utate aiene{ uwretx�u�ni the utate tqaf u{uteo; anf (���)
tq tehwnf qb＀�iat�qnu ueewtef b{ an{ rqtt�qn qh the
¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ a＀＀qeatef wnfet rataitarh ;(e)(6)0 Pq
uweh bqnfu uha＀＀ be �uuwef wn＀euu a utate h�uea＀ aiene{
eteatef b{ ＀aw hau oafe a feteto�nat�qn that �n nq
utate h�uea＀ {eat w�＀＀ the febt uetx�ee teqw�teoentu qh the
bqnfu anf a＀＀ qthet bqnfu ueewtef b{ the r＀efief
rqtt�qn qh the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ a＀＀qeatef tq the eqwnt{
ezeeef uexent{/h�xe ret eent qh the r＀efief rqtt�qn qh
the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹ a＀＀qeatef tq that eqwnt{ hqt the
rteeef�ni utate h�uea＀ {eat, qh the r＀efief net tq＀＀u htqo
ez�ut�ni hae�＀�t�eu eq＀＀eetef �n the rteeef�ni utate h�uea＀
{eat, anf qh the annwa＀ axetaie net tq＀＀u ant�e�ratef
fwt�ni the h�tut h�xe utate h�uea＀ {eatu qh qretat�qn qh new
rtq�eetu tq be h�naneef, anf qh an{ qthet ＀eia＀＀{
axa�＀ab＀e r＀efief texenweu eq＀＀eetef �n the rteeef�ni
utate h�uea＀ {eat0 Dqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
uwbueet�qn uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo the r＀efief
tq＀＀u, the r＀efief rqtt�qnu qh the ¬ueeqnf iau taz¹
a＀＀qeatef tq that eqwnt{, anf an{ qthet r＀efief texenwe,
anf uha＀＀ oatwte nqt ＀atet than hqtt{ {eatu htqo the fate
qh �uuwanee0
(f) SEJQQN DQPDS0
(3) 5Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn ;, Swbueet�qn (f) qh th�u
eqnut�twt�qn, au aoenfef, (wh�eh, b{ tehetenee,
afqrtef 8Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 38, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef) au the uaoe ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent �u afqrtef
b{ th�u tehetenee au ratt qh th�u aoenfoent au
eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih �neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o,
hqt the rwtrque qh rtqx�f�ni that ahtet the ehheet�xe fate
qh th�u aoenfoent the h�tut rtqeeefu qh the texenweu
fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu au tehettef
tq thete�n uha＀＀ be f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{ aoqni the
uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu �n the tat�q qh the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn
wn�tu �n eaeh eqwnt{, the uaoe be�ni eqteto�nwu w�th
the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qh eaeh eqwnt{ au rtqx�fef �n Att�e＀e
KZ, Seet�qn 6, Swbueet�qn (a) qh th�u eqnut�twt�qn, �n eaeh
{eat eqorwtef au rtqx�fef thete�n tq the eztent
neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th a＀＀ qb＀�iat�qnu tq qt hqt the
beneh�t qh hq＀fetu qh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef behqte the ehheet�xe
fate qh th�u aoenfoent qt an{ tehwnf�niu theteqh
wh�eh ate ueewtef b{ an{ rqtt�qn qh uweh texenweu
fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu0
(2) Pq hwnfu ant�e�ratef tq be f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{
aoqni the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu wnfet the hqtow＀a utatef �n
5Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn ;, Swbueet�qn (f) qh th�u eqnut�tw/
t�qn, au aoenfef, au the uaoe ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{
behqte the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be
r＀efief au ueewt�t{ hqt an{ qb＀�iat�qnu heteahtet �uuwef
qt entetef �ntq, ezeert that an{ qwtutanf�ni qb＀�iat�qnu
rtex�qwu＀{ �uuwef r＀efi�ni uweh hwnfu oa{ be tehwnfef
b{ the �uuwanee qh tehwnf�ni bqnfu0
(5) Swb�eet tq the teqw�teoentu qh rataitarh (3) qh
th�u uwbueet�qn (f) bei�nn�ni Jw＀{ 3, 3;95, the h�tut
rtqeeefu qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh
oqtqt xeh�e＀eu (hete�nahtet ea＀＀ef ¬oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenweu¹) tq the eztent neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th the
rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent, uha＀＀, au eq＀＀eetef, be
r＀aeef oqnth＀{ �n the uehqq＀ f�utt�et anf eqoown�t{
eq＀＀eie f�utt�et ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ anf febt uetx�ee hwnf �n the
utate tteauwt{ anf wuef qn＀{ au rtqx�fef �n th�u
aoenfoent0 Sweh texenwe uha＀＀ be f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{
aoqni the uexeta＀ uehqq＀ f�utt�etu anf eqoown�t{
eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu �n the tat�q qh the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn
wn�tu �n eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et
�n eaeh {eat eqorwtef au rtqx�fef hete�n0 Vhe aoqwnt
qh the h�tut oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu tq be uq uet
au�fe �n eaeh {eat anf f�utt�bwtef au rtqx�fef hete�n
uha＀＀ be an aoqwnt eqwa＀ �n the aiiteiate tq the rtqfwet
qh u�z hwnftef fq＀＀atu (&822) ow＀t�r＀�ef b{ the tqta＀
nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n a＀＀ the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qh
H＀qt�fa hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat 3;89/88, r＀wu an
aoqwnt eqwa＀ �n the aiiteiate tq the rtqfwet qh e�iht
hwnftef fq＀＀atu (&822) ow＀t�r＀�ef b{ the tqta＀ nwobet qh
�nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n a＀＀ the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qh H＀qt�fa hqt
the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat 3;92/95 anf hqt eaeh uehqq＀ h�uea＀
{eat theteahtet wh�eh �u �n ezeeuu qh the tqta＀ nwobet qh
uweh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n a＀＀ the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qh H＀qt�fa
52
ATVKENG ZKK
hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat 3;89/88, uweh ezeeuu wn�tu
be�ni feu�inatef ¬itqwth wn�tu0¹ Vhe aoqwnt qh the h�tut
oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu tq be uq uet au�fe �n
eaeh {eat anf f�utt�bwtef au rtqx�fef hete�n uha＀＀
aff�t�qna＀＀{ be an aoqwnt eqwa＀ �n the aiiteiate tq
the rtqfwet qh hqwt hwnftef fq＀＀atu (&622) ow＀t�r＀�ef b{
the tqta＀ nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n a＀＀ eqoown�t{
eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu qh H＀qt�fa0 Vhe nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn
wn�tu �n eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et
�n eaeh {eat hqt the rwtrqueu qh th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀
be the iteatet qh (3) the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n
eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat 3;89/88 qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat
3;88/8; eqorwtef �n the oannet hetetqhqte rtqx�fef
b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, qt (2) the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n
uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�et, �ne＀wf�ni itqwth wn�tu, qt eqoow/
n�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat eqorwtef �n
the oannet hetetqhqte qt heteahtet rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀
＀aw anf arrtqxef b{ the utate bqatf qh efweat�qn
(hete�nahtet ea＀＀ef the utate bqatf), qt (5) the nwobet qh
�nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et, �ne＀wf�ni itqwth
wn�tu, qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et qn beha＀h qh wh�eh
the utate bqatf hau �uuwef bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e
＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu wnfet th�u
aoenfoent wh�eh w�＀＀ rtqfwee uwhh�e�ent texenweu
wnfet th�u aoenfoent tq eqwa＀ qne anf twe＀xe/hwn/
ftefthu (3032) t�oeu the aiiteiate aoqwnt qh rt�ne�ra＀
qh anf �nteteut qn a＀＀ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef wnfet th�u
aoenfoent wh�eh w�＀＀ oatwte anf beeqoe fwe �n
uweh {eat, eqorwtef �n the oannet hetetqhqte qt
heteahtet rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf arrtqxef b{
the utate bqatf0
(6) Sweh hwnfu uq f�utt�bwtef uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef
b{ the utate bqatf au nqw eteatef anf eqnut�twtef b{
Seet�qn 2 qh Att�e＀e KZ qh the State Eqnut�twt�qn au
tex�uef �n 3;88, qt b{ uweh qthet �nuttwoenta＀�t{ qh the
utate wh�eh uha＀＀ heteahtet uweeeef b{ ＀aw tq the
rqwetu, fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh the utate bqatf,
�ne＀wf�ni the rqwetu, fwt�eu anf hwnet�qnu qh the utate
bqatf rtqx�fef �n th�u aoenfoent0 Hqt the rwtrqueu qh
th�u aoenfoent, ua�f utate bqatf uha＀＀ be a bqf{
eqtrqtate anf uha＀＀ haxe a＀＀ the rqwetu rtqx�fef �n th�u
aoenfoent �n aff�t�qn tq a＀＀ qthet eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf
utatwtqt{ rqwetu te＀atef tq the rwtrqueu qh th�u
aoenfoent hetetqhqte qt heteahtet eqnhettef wrqn
ua�f utate bqatf0
(5) Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀, �n aff�t�qn tq �tu qthet
eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf utatwtqt{ rqwetu, haxe the oanaie/
oent, eqnttq＀ anf uwretx�u�qn qh the rtqeeefu qh the h�tut
oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u
uwbueet�qn (f)0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq haxe rqwet,
hqt the rwtrque qh qbta�n�ni hwnfu hqt the wue qh an{
uehqq＀ bqatf qh an{ uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu
qh an{ eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et �n aeqw�t�ni, bw�＀f�ni,
eqnuttwet�ni, a＀tet�ni, teoqfe＀�ni, �ortqx�ni, en＀ati�ni,
hwtn�uh�ni, eqw�rr�ni, oa�nta�n�ni, tenqxat�ni, qt te/
ra�t�ni qh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu hqt uehqq＀ rwtrqueu tq
�uuwe bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�ra/
t�qn eett�h�eateu, anf a＀uq tq �uuwe uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu tq ra{,
hwnf qt tehwnf an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu thetetqhqte �uuwef b{
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ua�f utate bqatf0 A＀＀ uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ beat �nteteut at
nqt ezeeef�ni the tate rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf uha＀＀
oatwte nqt ＀atet than th�tt{ {eatu ahtet the fate qh
�uuwanee theteqh0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq
feteto�ne a＀＀ qthet feta�＀u qh the bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e
＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu anf tq ue＀＀ �n the
oannet rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, qt ezehanie the bqnfu
qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�/
eateu, wrqn uweh tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu au the utate
bqatf uha＀＀ rtqx�fe0
(8) Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq haxe rqwet tq r＀efie
hqt the ra{oent qh the rt�ne�ra＀ qh anf �nteteut qn uweh
bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu, �ne＀wf�ni tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt tehwnf�ni
oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu,
a＀＀ qt an{ ratt htqo the oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu
rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u aoenfoent anf tq entet �ntq an{
eqxenantu anf qthet aiteeoentu w�th the hq＀fetu qh
uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�ra/
t�qn eett�h�eateu at the t�oe qh the �uuwanee theteqh
eqneetn�ni the ueewt�t{ theteqh anf the t�ihtu qh the
hq＀fetu theteqh, a＀＀ qh wh�eh eqxenantu anf aiteeoentu
uha＀＀ eqnut�twte ＀eia＀＀{ b�nf�ni anf �ttexqeab＀e eqnttaetu
w�th uweh hq＀fetu anf uha＀＀ be hw＀＀{ enhqteeab＀e b{ uweh
hq＀fetu �n an{ eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn0
(9) Pq uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ exet be �uuwef b{ the utate
bqatf, ezeert tq tehwnf qwtutanf�ni bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, wnt�＀
ahtet the afqrt�qn qh a teuq＀wt�qn teqweut�ni the
�uuwanee theteqh b{ the uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀
f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie
f�utt�et qn beha＀h qh wh�eh the qb＀�iat�qnu ate tq be
�uuwef0 Vhe utate bqatf qh efweat�qn uha＀＀ ＀�o�t the
aoqwnt qh uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu wh�eh ean be �uuwef qn beha＀h qh
an{ uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et tq n�net{
reteent (;2') qh the aoqwnt wh�eh �t feteto�neu ean be
uetx�eef b{ the texenwe aeetw�ni tq the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u
aoenfoent, anf uha＀＀ feteto�ne the teauqnab＀e a＀＀q/
eat�qn qh the �nteteut uax�niu htqo the �uuwanee qh
tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, anf uweh feteto�nat�qnu uha＀＀
be eqne＀wu�xe0 A＀＀ uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be �uuwef �n the
naoe qh the utate bqatf qh efweat�qn bwt uha＀＀ be �uuwef
hqt anf qn beha＀h qh the uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀
f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie
f�utt�et teqweut�ni the �uuwanee theteqh, anf nq e＀eet�qn
qt arrtqxa＀ qh qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu uha＀＀ be teqw�tef hqt the
�uuwanee theteqh0
(8) Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ �n eaeh {eat wue the hwnfu
f�utt�bwtab＀e rwtuwant tq th�u aoenfoent tq the etef�t qh
eaeh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et qn＀{ �n
the hq＀＀qw�ni oannet anf �n qtfet qh rt�qt�t{<
a0 Vq eqor＀{ w�th the teqw�teoentu qh rataitarh
(3) qh th�u uwbueet�qn (f)0
b0 Vq ra{ a＀＀ aoqwntu qh rt�ne�ra＀ anf �nteteut fwe
�n uweh {eat qn an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef wnfet the
awthqt�t{ heteqh, �ne＀wf�ni tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt oqtqt
53
ATVKENG ZKK
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, �uuwef
qn beha＀h qh the uehqq＀ bqatf qh uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh uweh eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et;
uwb�eet, hqwexet, tq an{ eqxenantu qt aiteeoentu
oafe b{ the utate bqatf eqneetn�ni the t�ihtu between
hq＀fetu qh f�hhetent �uuweu qh uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, au
hete�n awthqt�zef0
e0 Vq eutab＀�uh anf oa�nta�n a u�n��ni hwnf qt hwnfu
tq oeet hwtwte teqw�teoentu hqt febt uetx�ee qt teuetxeu
thetehqt, qn bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef qn beha＀h qh the uehqq＀
bqatf qh uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh uweh
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et wnfet the awthqt�t{ heteqh,
whenexet the utate bqatf uha＀＀ feeo �t neeeuuat{ qt
afx�uab＀e, anf �n uweh aoqwntu anf wnfet uweh tetou
anf eqnf�t�qnu au the utate bqatf uha＀＀ �n �tu f�uetet�qn
feteto�ne0
f0 Vq f�utt�bwte annwa＀＀{ tq the uexeta＀ uehqq＀
bqatfu qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qt the bqatfu qh ttwuteeu
qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu hqt wue �n ra{oent qh
febt uetx�ee qn bqnfu hetetqhqte qt heteahtet �uuwef b{
an{ uweh uehqq＀ bqatfu qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qt bqatfu
qh ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu whete the
rtqeeefu qh the bqnfu wete wuef, qt ate tq be wuef, �n
the aeqw�t�ni, bw�＀f�ni, eqnuttwet�ni, a＀tet�ni, teoqfe＀/
�ni, �ortqx�ni, en＀ati�ni, hwtn�uh�ni, eqw�rr�ni, oa�n/
ta�n�ni, tenqxat�ni, qt tera�t�ni qh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu
�n uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu
anf wh�eh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu haxe been arrtqxef
b{ the uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh
ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et, rwtuwant tq
the oqut teeent uwtxe{ qt uwtxe{u eqnfwetef wnfet
teiw＀at�qnu rteuet�bef b{ the utate bqatf tq feteto�ne
the ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ neefu qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ haxe
rqwet at the t�oe qh �uuwanee qh an{ bqnfu b{ an{
uehqq＀ bqatf qh an{ uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu
qh an{ eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et tq eqxenant anf aitee
w�th uweh uehqq＀ bqatf qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu au tq the
tan� anf rt�qt�t{ qh ra{oentu tq be oafe hqt f�hhetent
�uuweu qh bqnfu wnfet th�u uwbrataitarh f0, anf oa{
hwtthet aitee that an{ aoqwntu tq be f�utt�bwtef wnfet
th�u uwbrataitarh f0 oa{ be r＀efief hqt the febt
uetx�ee qn bqnfu �uuwef b{ an{ uehqq＀ bqatf qh an{
uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh an{ eqoown�t{
eq＀＀eie f�utt�et anf hqt the tan� anf rt�qt�t{ qh uweh
r＀efie0 An{ uweh eqxenantu qt aiteeoentu qh the utate
bqatf oa{ be enhqteef b{ an{ hq＀fetu qh uweh bqnfu �n
an{ eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn0
e0 Vq ra{ the ezrenueu qh the utate bqatf �n
afo�n�utet�ni th�u uwbueet�qn (f), wh�eh uha＀＀ be rtq/
tatef aoqni the xat�qwu uehqq＀ f�utt�etu anf eqoown�t{
eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu anf ra�f qwt qh the rtqeeefu qh the
bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu qt htqo the hwnfu f�utt�bwtab＀e tq eaeh
uehqq＀ f�utt�et anf eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et qn the
uaoe bau�u au uweh oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu ate
f�utt�bwtab＀e tq the xat�qwu uehqq＀ f�utt�etu anf eqoow/
n�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu0
h0 Vq f�utt�bwte annwa＀＀{ tq the uexeta＀ uehqq＀
bqatfu qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�etu qt bqatfu qh ttwuteeu qh
the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�etu hqt the ra{oent qh the
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
equt qh aeqw�t�ni, bw�＀f�ni, eqnuttwet�ni, a＀tet�ni, teoq/
fe＀�ni, �ortqx�ni, en＀ati�ni, hwtn�uh�ni, eqw�rr�ni,
oa�nta�n�ni, tenqxat�ni, qt tera�t�ni qh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{
rtq�eetu hqt uehqq＀ rwtrqueu �n uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et au uha＀＀ be teqweutef b{
teuq＀wt�qn qh the uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et0
i0 Yhen a＀＀ oa�qt ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ neefu qh a uehqq＀
f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et haxe been oet au
feteto�nef b{ the utate bqatf, qn the bau�u qh a uwtxe{
oafe rwtuwant tq teiw＀at�qnu qh the utate bqatf anf
arrtqxef b{ the utate bqatf, a＀＀ uweh hwnfu teoa�n�ni
uha＀＀ be f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{ anf wuef hqt uweh uehqq＀
rwtrqueu �n uweh uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie
f�utt�et au the uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf
qh ttwuteeu qh the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et uha＀＀
feteto�ne, qt au oa{ be rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(;) Ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu qh a uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e tq ratt�e�rate
�n the hwnfu aeetw�ni wnfet th�u aoenfoent anf fet�xef
htqo the rtqeeefu qh bqnfu anf oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue
texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu anf htqo the oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu, qn＀{ �n the qtfet qh rt�qt�t{ qh
neefu, au uhqwn b{ a uwtxe{ qt uwtxe{u eqnfwetef �n
the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et wnfet
teiw＀at�qnu rteuet�bef b{ the utate bqatf, tq feteto�ne
the ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ neefu qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et anf arrtqxef b{ the utate
bqatf; rtqx�fef that the rt�qt�t{ qh uweh rtq�eetu oa{ be
ehanief htqo t�oe tq t�oe wrqn the teqweut qh the
uehqq＀ bqatf qh the uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh
the eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et anf w�th the arrtqxa＀ qh
the utate bqatf; anf rtqx�fef, hwtthet, that th�u rata/
itarh (;) uha＀＀ nqt �n an{ oannet ahheet an{ eqxenant,
aiteeoent qt r＀efie oafe b{ the utate bqatf �n the
�uuwanee b{ ua�f utate bqatf qh an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, qt �n
eqnneet�qn w�th the �uuwanee qh an{ bqnfu qh an{ uehqq＀
bqatf qh an{ uehqq＀ f�utt�et qt bqatf qh ttwuteeu qh an{
eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et0
(32) Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq oa�e anf
enhqtee a＀＀ tw＀eu anf teiw＀at�qnu neeeuuat{ tq the hw＀＀
ezete�ue qh the rqwetu hete�n itantef anf nq ＀ei�u＀at�qn
uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq tenfet th�u aoenfoent qh hw＀＀ hqtee
anf qretat�ni ehheet0 Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ nqt tefwee the
＀ex�eu qh ua�f oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu fwt�ni the
＀�he qh th�u aoenfoent tq an{ feitee wh�eh w�＀＀ ha�＀ tq
rtqx�fe the hw＀＀ aoqwnt neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th the
rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent anf ra{ the neeeuuat{
ezrenueu qh afo�n�utet�ni the ＀awu te＀at�ni tq the
＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu, anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{
＀aw hax�ni the ehheet qh w�thftaw�ni the rtqeeefu qh
uweh oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu htqo the qretat�qn
qh th�u aoenfoent anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{ ＀aw �ora�t�ni
qt oatet�a＀＀{ a＀tet�ni the t�ihtu qh the hq＀fetu qh an{
bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u aoenfoent qt
�ora�t�ni qt a＀tet�ni an{ eqxenant qt aiteeoent qh
the utate bqatf, au rtqx�fef �n uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu0
(33) Dqnfu �uuwef b{ the utate bqatf rwtuwant tq th�u
uwbueet�qn (f) uha＀＀ be ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo ua�f
oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu au rtqx�fef hete�n, anf
52
ATVKENG ZKK
�h hetetqhqte qt heteahtet awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, oa{ be
aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef b{ r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t
qh the utate w�thqwt an e＀eet�qn0 Yhen hetetqhqte qt
heteahtet awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq
8Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 38 qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au
aoenfef rt�qt tq 3;88, anf bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq
Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn ;, uwbueet�qn (f) qh the Eqnut�twt�qn
au tex�uef �n 3;88, anf bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u
uwbueet�qn (f), oa{ be tehwnfef b{ the �uuwanee qh
bqnfu aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh
the utate0
(e) DGDV NKMKVAVKQP0 Dqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq
th�u Seet�qn ; qh Att�e＀e ZKK wh�eh ate ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{
htqo texenweu r＀efief rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ nqt
be �ne＀wfef �n arr＀{�ni the ＀�o�tu wrqn the aoqwnt qh
utate bqnfu eqnta�nef �n Seet�qn 33, Att�e＀e VKK, qh th�u
tex�u�qn0
J�utqt{0´Ao0 J0J0T0 3853, 3;8;; afqrtef 3;8;; Ao0 E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 2;2, 3;92,
anf Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 5598, 3;92; afqrtef 3;92; Ao0 E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 228;,
2;86, 3;96; afqrtef 3;96; Ao0 S0J0T0 826, 3;82; afqrtef 3;82; Ao0 S0J0T0 3359,
3;86; afqrtef 3;86; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn,
Tex�u�qn Pq0 3, 3;;2, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 9, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2;
Ao0 S0J0T0 2/J, 3;;2; afqrtef 3;;2; Ao0 rtqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn
Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8, 3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8;
afqrtef 3;;80
3Pqte0´Seet�qn 39 qh Att0 KZ qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 390 Dqnfu; ＀anf aeqw�u�t�qn hqt qwtfqqt teeteat�qn fexe＀qroent0´
Vhe qwtfqqt teeteat�qna＀ fexe＀qroent eqwne�＀, au eteatef b{ the 3;85 ＀ei�u＀atwte,
oa{ �uuwe texenwe bqnfu, texenwe eett�h�eateu qt qthet ex�feneeu qh �nfebtefneuu
tq aeqw�te ＀anfu, watet ateau anf te＀atef teuqwteeu anf tq eqnuttwet, �ortqxe,
en＀atie anf eztenf ear�ta＀ �ortqxeoentu anf hae�＀�t�eu theteqn �n hwtthetanee qh
qwtfqqt teeteat�qn, natwta＀ teuqwteeu eqnuetxat�qn anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu �n th�u utate;
rtqx�fef, hqwexet, the ＀ei�u＀atwte w�th teureet tq uweh texenwe bqnfu, texenwe
eett�h�eateu qt qthet ex�feneeu qh �nfebtefneuu uha＀＀ feu�inate the texenwe qt taz
uqwteeu tq be ferqu�tef �n qt etef�tef tq the ＀anf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf hqt the�t
tera{oent anf oa{ �orque teutt�et�qnu qn the�t �uuwanee, �ne＀wf�ni the h�z�ni qh
oaz�owo �nteteut tateu anf f�ueqwntu0
Vhe ＀anf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf, eteatef b{ the 3;85 ＀ei�u＀atwte hqt theue ow＀t�r＀e
rwb＀�e rwtrqueu, uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe htqo the fate qh the afqrt�qn qh th�u aoenfoent hqt a
ret�qf qh h�ht{ {eatu0
Kn the exent the qwtfqqt teeteat�qna＀ fexe＀qroent eqwne�＀ uha＀＀ feteto�ne tq
�uuwe bqnfu hqt h�nane�ni aeqw�u�t�qn qh u�teu hqt ow＀t�r＀e rwtrqueu the utate bqatf qh
afo�n�uttat�qn uha＀＀ aet au h�uea＀ aient, anf the attqtne{ ieneta＀ uha＀＀ hanf＀e the
xa＀�fat�qn rtqeeef�niu0
A＀＀ bqnfu �uuwef wnfet th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be uq＀f at rwb＀�e ua＀e ahtet rwb＀�e
afxett�ueoent wrqn uweh tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu au the qwtfqqt teeteat�qna＀
fexe＀qroent eqwne�＀ uha＀＀ rtqx�fe anf au qthetw�ue rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw anf uwb�eet
tq the ＀�o�tat�qnu hete�n �orquef0
J�utqt{0⁀S0J0T0 929, 3;85; afqrtef 3;850
2Pqte0´Pt�qt tq �tu aoenfoent b{ E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 228;, 2;86, 3;96, uwbueet�qn
(a) teaf au hq＀＀qwu<
(a) ADDKVKQPAN SGEWTKVKGS0 Att�e＀e KZ, Seet�qn 39, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
3885, au aoenfef, au �t ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{ behqte th�u Eqnut�twt�qn, au tex�uef �n
3;88, beeaoe ehheet�xe, �u afqrtef b{ th�u tehetenee au a ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au
eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih �neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o, ezeert texenwe bqnfu, texenwe
eett�h�eateu qt qthet ex�feneeu qh �nfebtefneuu heteahtet �uuwef thetewnfet oa{ be
�uuwef b{ the aiene{ qh the utate uq awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw0
Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 3;, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, au �t ez�utef
�ooef�ate＀{ behqte th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu ehheet�xe, �u afqrtef b{ th�u tehetenee au a
ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih �neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o, ezeert
bqnfu qt taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu heteahtet �uuwef thetewnfet oa{ beat �nteteut
nqt �n ezeeuu qh h�xe reteent (5') ret annwo qt uweh h�ihet �nteteut au oa{ be
awthqt�zef b{ utatwte rauuef b{ a thtee/h�hthu (5/5) xqte qh eaeh hqwue qh the
＀ei�u＀atwte0 Pq texenwe bqnfu qt taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be �uuwef
rwtuwant thetetq ahtet Jwne 52, 3;950
5Pqte0´Seet�qn 3; qh Att0 ZKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 3;0 Knut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni anf �wn�qt eq＀＀eie ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{
ttwut hwnf bqnfu0´(a) Vhat bei�nn�ni Janwat{ 3, 3;86, anf hqt h�ht{ {eatu
theteahtet, a＀＀ qh the rtqeeefu qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo the itquu teee�rtu
tazeu eq＀＀eetef htqo exet{ retuqn, �ne＀wf�ni own�e�ra＀�t�eu, teee�x�ni ra{oent hqt
e＀eett�e�t{ hqt ＀�iht, heat qt rqwet, hqt natwta＀ qt oanwhaetwtef iau hqt ＀�iht, heat qt
rqwet, hqt wue qh te＀erhqneu anf hqt the uenf�ni qh te＀eitaou anf te＀eitarh
oeuuaieu, au nqw rtqx�fef anf ＀ex�ef au qh the t�oe qh afqrt�qn qh th�u aoenfoent
�n Ehartet 225, H＀qt�fa Statwteu (hete�nahtet ea＀＀ef ¬Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu¹), uha＀＀,
au eq＀＀eetef be r＀aeef �n a ttwut hwnf tq be �nqwn au the ¬Knut�twt�qnu qh J�ihet
Neatn�ni anf Jwn�qt Eq＀＀eieu Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ anf Debt Setx�ee Vtwut Hwnf¹ �n the
State Vteauwt{ (hete�nahtet tehettef tq au ¬Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ Hwnf¹), anf wuef qn＀{ au
rtqx�fef �n th�u Aoenfoent0
Sa�f hwnf uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the State Dqatf qh Gfweat�qn, au nqw eteatef
anf eqnut�twtef b{ Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e ZKK ]nqw u0 2, Att�e＀e KZ_ qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh
H＀qt�fa (hete�nahtet tehettef tq au ¬State Dqatf¹)0 Hqt the rwtrque qh th�u
Aoenfoent, ua�f State Dqatf, au nqw eqnut�twtef, uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe au a bqf{
eqtrqtate fwt�ni the ＀�he qh th�u Aoenfoent anf uha＀＀ haxe a＀＀ the rqwetu rtqx�fef �n
th�u Aoenfoent �n aff�t�qn tq a＀＀ qthet eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf utatwtqt{ rqwetu te＀atef tq
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
the rwtrqueu qh th�u Aoenfoent hetetqhqte qt heteahtet eqnhettef b{ ＀aw wrqn ua�f
State Dqatf0
(b) Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet, hqt the rwtrque qh qbta�n�ni hwnfu hqt
aeqw�t�ni, bw�＀f�ni, eqnuttwet�ni, a＀tet�ni, �ortqx�ni, en＀ati�ni, hwtn�uh�ni qt
eqw�rr�ni ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu thetetqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte anf an{
rwtrqueu arrwttenant qt �ne�fenta＀ thetetq, hqt Knut�twt�qnu qh J�ihet Neatn�ni qt
Jwn�qt Eq＀＀eieu, au nqw feh�nef qt au oa{ be heteahtet feh�nef b{ ＀aw, anf hqt the
rwtrque qh eqnuttwet�ni bw�＀f�niu anf qthet retoanent hae�＀�t�eu hqt xqeat�qna＀
teehn�ea＀ uehqq＀u au rtqx�fef �n ehartet 252 H＀qt�fa Statwteu, tq �uuwe bqnfu qt
eett�h�eateu, �ne＀wf�ni tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu tq hwnf qt tehwnf an{ bqnfu qt
eett�h�eateu thetetqhqte �uuwef0 A＀＀ uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ beat �nteteut at nqt
ezeeef�ni hqwt anf qne/ha＀h ret eentwo ret annwo, anf uha＀＀ oatwte at uweh t�oe qt
t�oeu au the State Dqatf uha＀＀ feteto�ne nqt ezeeef�ni, �n an{ exent, hqwexet,
th�tt{ {eatu htqo the fate qh �uuwanee theteqh0 Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq
feteto�ne a＀＀ qthet feta�＀u qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu anf tq ue＀＀ at rwb＀�e ua＀e,
ahtet rwb＀�e afxett�ueoent, uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, rtqx�fef, hqwexet, that nq
bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ exet be �uuwef hetewnfet tq h�nanee, qt the rtqeeefu
theteqh ezrenfef hqt, an{ ratt qh the equt qh an{ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet wn＀euu the
eqnuttwet�qn qt aeqw�u�t�qn qh uweh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet hau been thetetqhqte
awthqt�zef b{ the Nei�u＀atwte qh H＀qt�fa0 Pqne qh ua�f bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be
uq＀f at ＀euu than n�net{/e�iht ret eentwo qh the rat xa＀we theteqh, r＀wu aeetwef
�nteteut, anf ua�f bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be awatfef at the rwb＀�e ua＀e theteqh tq
the b�ffet qhhet�ni the ＀qweut net �nteteut equt hqt uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �n the
oannet tq be feteto�nef b{ the State Dqatf0
Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq haxe rqwet tq r＀efie hqt the ra{oent qh the rt�ne�ra＀
qh anf �nteteut qn uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, anf teuetxeu thetehqt, �ne＀wf�ni
tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, a＀＀ qt an{ ratt qh the texenwe tq be fet�xef htqo the
ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u Aoenfoent, anf tq entet �ntq an{
eqxenantu anf qthet aiteeoentu w�th the hq＀fetu qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu
eqneetn�ni the ueewt�t{ theteqh anf the t�ihtu qh the hq＀fetu theteqh, a＀＀ qh wh�eh
eqxenantu anf aiteeoentu uha＀＀ eqnut�twte ＀eia＀＀{ b�nf�ni anf �ttexqeab＀e eqnttaetu
w�th uweh hq＀fetu anf uha＀＀ be hw＀＀{ enhqteeab＀e b{ uweh hq＀fetu �n an{ eqwtt qh
eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn0
Pq uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ exet be �uuwef b{ the State Dqatf �n an
aoqwnt ezeeef�ni uexent{/h�xe ret eentwo qh the aoqwnt wh�eh �t feteto�neu,
bauef wrqn the axetaie annwa＀ aoqwnt qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo ua�f Gtquu
Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni the �ooef�ate＀{ rteeef�ni twq h�uea＀ {eatu, qt the aoqwnt qh
the texenweu fet�xef htqo ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni the �ooef�ate＀{
rteeef�ni h�uea＀ {eat, au uhqwn �n a eett�h�eate h�＀ef b{ the State Eqorttq＀＀et w�th the
State Dqatf rt�qt tq the �uuwanee qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, wh�ehexet �u the
＀euuet, ean be uetx�eef b{ the texenweu aeetw�ni theteahtet wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh
th�u Aoenfoent; nqt uha＀＀ the State Dqatf, fwt�ni the h�tut {eat hq＀＀qw�ni the
tat�h�eat�qn qh th�u aoenfoent, �uuwe bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �n ezeeuu qh uexen t�oeu
the ant�e�ratef texenwe htqo ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni ua�f {eat, nqt fwt�ni
eaeh uweeeef�ni {eat, oqte than hqwt t�oeu the ant�e�ratef texenwe htqo ua�f
Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni uweh {eat0 Pq e＀eet�qn qt arrtqxa＀ qh qwa＀�h�ef e＀eetqtu
qt hteehq＀fet e＀eetqtu uha＀＀ be teqw�tef hqt the �uuwanee qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu
hetewnfet0
Ahtet the �n�t�a＀ �uuwanee qh an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu rwtuwant tq th�u Aoenfoent,
the State Dqatf oa{ theteahtet �uuwe aff�t�qna＀ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu wh�eh w�＀＀ tan�
eqwa＀＀{ anf qn a rat�t{, au tq ＀�en qn anf uqwtee qh ueewt�t{ hqt ra{oent htqo ua�f
Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu, w�th an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu thetetqhqte �uuwef rwtuwant tq
th�u Aoenfoent, bwt uweh aff�t�qna＀ rat�t{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ nqt be �uuwef
wn＀euu the axetaie annwa＀ aoqwnt qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo ua�f Gtquu
Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni the �ooef�ate＀{ rteeef�ni twq h�uea＀ {eatu, qt the aoqwnt qh
the texenweu fet�xef htqo ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu fwt�ni the �ooef�ate＀{
rteeef�ni h�uea＀ {eat, au uhqwn �n a eett�h�eate h�＀ef b{ the State Eqorttq＀＀et w�th the
State Dqatf rt�qt tq the �uuwanee qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, wh�ehexet �u the
＀euuet, uha＀＀ haxe been eqwa＀ tq qne anf qne/th�tf t�oeu the aiiteiate aoqwnt qh
rt�ne�ra＀ anf �nteteut wh�eh w�＀＀ beeqoe fwe �n an{ uweeeef�ni h�uea＀ {eat qn a＀＀
bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu thetetqhqte �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u Aoenfoent anf then
qwtutanf�ni, anf the aff�t�qna＀ rat�t{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu then rtqrquef tq be
�uuwef0 Pq bqnfu, eett�h�eateu qt qthet qb＀�iat�qnu whatuqexet uha＀＀ at an{ t�oe be
�uuwef wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Aoenfoent, ezeert uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu
�n�t�a＀＀{ �uuwef hetewnfet, anf uweh aff�t�qna＀ rat�t{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu au
rtqx�fef �n th�u rataitarh0 Pqtw�thutanf�ni an{ qthet rtqx�u�qn hete�n nq uweh
bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be awthqt�zef qt xa＀�fatef fwt�ni an{ b�enn�wo �n ezeeuu
qh h�ht{ o�＀＀�qn fq＀＀atu, ezeert b{ twq/th�tfu xqte qh the oeobetu e＀eetef tq eaeh
hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte; rtqx�fef hwtthet that fwt�ni the b�enn�wo 3;85/3;85
uexent{/h�xe o�＀＀�qn fq＀＀atu oa{ be awthqt�zef anf xa＀�fatef rwtuwant hetetq0
(e) Ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu thetetqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte hqt an{
Knut�twt�qn qh J�ihet Neatn�ni qt Jwn�qt Eq＀＀eie uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e tq ratt�e�rate �n the
hwnfu aeetw�ni wnfet th�u Aoenfoent fet�xef htqo the rtqeeefu qh bqnfu qt
eett�h�eateu anf ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu wnfet uweh teiw＀at�qnu anf �n uweh
oannet au uha＀＀ be feteto�nef b{ the State Dqatf, anf the State Dqatf uha＀＀ wue qt
ttanuo�t tq the State Dqatf qh Eqnttq＀ qt tq the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh an{
Eqwnt{ awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw tq eqnuttwet qt aeqw�te uweh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu, the
aoqwnt qh the rtqeeefu qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu qt Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu tq be
arr＀�ef tq qt wuef hqt uweh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu0 Kh hqt an{ teauqn an{ qh the
rtqeeefu qh an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef hqt an{ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet uha＀＀ nqt
be ezrenfef hqt uweh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet, the State Dqatf oa{ wue uweh
wnezrenfef rtqeeefu hqt an{ qthet ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet hqt Knut�twt�qnu qh J�ihet
Neatn�ni qt Jwn�qt Eq＀＀eieu anf xqeat�qna＀ teehn�ea＀ uehqq＀u, au feh�nef hete�n, au
nqw feh�nef qt au oa{ be heteahtet feh�nef b{ ＀aw, thetetqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the
State Nei�u＀atwte0 Vhe hq＀fetu qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef hetewnfet uha＀＀ nqt
haxe an{ teurqnu�b�＀�t{ whatuqexet hqt the arr＀�eat�qn qt wue qh an{ qh the rtqeeefu
fet�xef htqo the ua＀e qh ua�f bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, anf the t�ihtu anf teoef�eu qh the
hq＀fetu qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu anf the�t t�iht tq ra{oent htqo ua�f Gtquu
55
ATVKENG ZKK
Teee�rtu Vazeu �n the oannet rtqx�fef hete�n uha＀＀ nqt be ahheetef qt �ora�tef b{
the arr＀�eat�qn qt wue qh uweh rtqeeefu0
Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ wue the oqne{u �n ua�f Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ Hwnf �n eaeh h�uea＀
{eat qn＀{ hqt the hq＀＀qw�ni rwtrqueu anf �n the hq＀＀qw�ni qtfet qh rt�qt�t{<
(3) Hqt the ra{oent qh the rt�ne�ra＀ qh anf �nteteut qn an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu
oatwt�ni �n uweh h�uea＀ {eat0
(2) Hqt the ferqu�t �ntq an{ teuetxe hwnfu rtqx�fef hqt �n the rtqeeef�niu
awthqt�z�ni the �uuwanee qh ua�f bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, qh an{ aoqwntu teqw�tef tq be
ferqu�tef �n uweh teuetxe hwnfu �n uweh h�uea＀ {eat0
(5) Ahtet a＀＀ ra{oentu teqw�tef �n uweh h�uea＀ {eat hqt the rwtrqueu rtqx�fef hqt
�n (3) anf (2) abqxe, �ne＀wf�ni an{ feh�e�ene�eu hqt teqw�tef ra{oentu �n rt�qt h�uea＀
{eatu, an{ oqne{u teoa�n�ni �n ua�f Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ Hwnf at the enf qh uweh h�uea＀
{eat oa{ be wuef b{ the State Dqatf hqt f�teet ra{oent qh the equt qt an{ ratt qh the
equt qh an{ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet thetetqhqte awthqt�zef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte qt hqt the
rwtehaue qh an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef hetewnfet then qwtutanf�ni wrqn uweh
tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu au the State Dqatf uha＀＀ feeo rtqret, qt hqt the rt�qt
tefeort�qn qh qwtutanf�ni bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �n aeeqtfanee w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh
the rtqeeef�niu wh�eh awthqt�zef the �uuwanee qh uweh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu0
Vhe State Dqatf oa{ �nxeut the oqne{u �n ua�f Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ Hwnf qt �n an{
u�n��ni hwnf qt qthet hwnfu eteatef hqt an{ �uuwe qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu, �n f�teet
qb＀�iat�qnu qh the Wn�tef Stateu qh Aoet�ea qt �n the qthet ueewt�t�eu tehettef tq �n
Seet�qn 566029, H＀qt�fa Statwteu0
(f) Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq oa�e anf enhqtee a＀＀ tw＀eu anf
teiw＀at�qnu neeeuuat{ tq the hw＀＀ ezete�ue qh the rqwetu hete�n itantef anf nq
＀ei�u＀at�qn uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq tenfet th�u Aoenfoent qh hw＀＀ hqtee anf qretat�ni
ehheet qn anf ahtet Janwat{ 3, 3;860 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte, fwt�ni the ret�qf th�u
Aoenfoent �u �n ehheet, uha＀＀ nqt tefwee the tate qh ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu nqw
rtqx�fef �n ua�f Ehartet 225, H＀qt�fa Statwteu, qt e＀�o�nate, ezeort qt teoqxe an{
qh the retuqnu, h�tou qt eqtrqtat�qnu, �ne＀wf�ni own�e�ra＀ eqtrqtat�qnu, qt an{ qh the
wt�＀�t�eu, bwu�neuueu qt uetx�eeu nqw qt heteahtet uwb�eet tq ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu
Vazeu, htqo the ＀ex{ anf eq＀＀eet�qn qh ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu au nqw rtqx�fef �n
ua�f Ehartet 225, H＀qt�fa Statwteu, anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{ ＀aw �ora�t�ni qt
oatet�a＀＀{ a＀tet�ni the t�ihtu qh the hq＀fetu qh an{ bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef
rwtuwant tq th�u Aoenfoent qt �ora�t�ni qt a＀tet�ni an{ eqxenantu qt aiteeoentu qh
the State Dqatf oafe hetewnfet, qt hax�ni the ehheet qh w�thftaw�ni the rtqeeefu qh
ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu htqo the qretat�qn qh th�u Aoenfoent0
Vhe State Dqatf qh Afo�n�uttat�qn uha＀＀ be anf �u heteb{ eqnut�twtef au the
H�uea＀ Aient qh the State Dqatf tq rethqto uweh fwt�eu anf auuwoe uweh
teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu wnfet th�u Aoenfoent au uha＀＀ be aiteef wrqn between the
State Dqatf anf uweh State Dqatf qh Afo�n�uttat�qn0 Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq
haxe rqwet tq arrq�nt uweh qthet retuqnu anf h�z the�t eqorenuat�qn hqt the
afo�n�uttat�qn qh the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Aoenfoent au �t uha＀＀ feeo neeeuuat{, anf
the ezrenueu qh the State Dqatf �n afo�n�utet�ni the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Aoenfoent
uha＀＀ be ra�f qwt qh the rtqeeefu qh bqnfu qt eett�h�eateu �uuwef hetewnfet qt htqo
ua�f Gtquu Teee�rtu Vazeu ferqu�tef �n ua�f Ear�ta＀ Qwt＀a{ Hwnf0
(e) Pq ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eet qt an{ ratt theteqh uha＀＀ be h�naneef hetewnfet
wn＀euu the b�＀＀ awthqt�z�ni uweh rtq�eet uha＀＀ uree�h{ �t �u h�naneef hetewnfet anf
uha＀＀ be arrtqxef b{ a xqte qh thtee/h�hthu qh the e＀eetef oeobetu qh eaeh hqwue0
J�utqt{0⁀S0J0T0 286, 3;85; afqrtef 3;850
6Pqte0´Seet�qn 38 qh Att0 KZ qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 380 Dqatf qh afo�n�uttat�qn; iauq＀�ne anf ＀��e tazeu, f�utt�bwt�qn anf
wue; ete0´(a) Vhat bei�nn�ni Janwat{ 3ut, 3;65, anf hqt h�ht{ (52) {eatu theteahtet,
the rtqeeefu qh twq (2⁄) eentu ret ia＀＀qn qh the tqta＀ taz ＀ex�ef b{ utate ＀aw wrqn
iauq＀�ne anf qthet ＀��e rtqfwetu qh rettq＀ewo, nqw �nqwn au the Seeqnf Gau Vaz,
anf wrqn qthet hwe＀u wuef tq rtqre＀ oqtqt xeh�e＀eu, uha＀＀ au eq＀＀eetef be r＀aeef
oqnth＀{ �n the `State Tqafu D�utt�bwt�qn Hwnf' �n the State Vteauwt{ anf f�x�fef �ntq
thtee (5) eqwa＀ rattu wh�eh uha＀＀ be f�utt�bwtef oqnth＀{ aoqni the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu
au hq＀＀qwu< qne ratt aeeqtf�ni tq atea, qne ratt aeeqtf�ni tq rqrw＀at�qn, anf qne
ratt aeeqtf�ni tq the eqwnt�eu' eqntt�bwt�qnu tq the equt qh utate tqaf eqnuttwet�qn �n
the tat�q qh f�utt�bwt�qn au rtqx�fef �n Ehartet 3585;, Nawu qh H＀qt�fa, Aetu qh 3;53,
anf hqt the rwtrqueu qh the arrqtt�qnoent bauef qn the eqwnt�eu' eqntt�bwt�qnu hqt
the equt qh utate tqaf eqnuttwet�qn, the aoqwnt qh the eqntt�bwt�qnu eutab＀�uhef b{
the eett�h�eateu oafe �n 3;53 rwtuwant tq ua�f Ehartet 3585;, uha＀＀ be ta�en anf
feeoef eqne＀wu�xe �n eqorwt�ni the oqnth＀{ aoqwntu f�utt�bwtab＀e aeeqtf�ni tq
ua�f eqntt�bwt�qnu0 Sweh hwnfu uq f�utt�bwtef uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the State
Dqatf qh Afo�n�uttat�qn au hete�nahtet rtqx�fef0
(b) Vhe Gqxetnqt au eha�toan, the State Vteauwtet, anf the State Eqorttq＀＀et
uha＀＀ eqnut�twte a bqf{ eqtrqtate tq be �nqwn au the `State Dqatf qh Afo�n�uttat�qn,'
wh�eh bqatf uha＀＀ uweeeef tq a＀＀ the rqwet, eqnttq＀ anf awthqt�t{ qh the utatwtqt{
Dqatf qh Afo�n�uttat�qn0 Sa�f Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe, �n aff�t�qn tq uweh rqwetu au oa{
be eqnhettef wrqn �t b{ ＀aw, the oanaieoent, eqnttq＀ anf uwretx�u�qn qh the
rtqeeefu qh ua�f twq (2⁄) eentu qh ua�f tazeu anf a＀＀ oqne{u anf qthet auuetu wh�eh
qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent ate arr＀�eab＀e qt oa{ beeqoe arr＀�eab＀e tq
the bqnfu qh the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu qh th�u utate, qt an{ uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie f�utt�et,
qt qthet uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�et theteqh, �uuwef rt�qt tq Jw＀{ 3ut, 3;53, hqt tqaf anf
bt�fie rwtrqueu0 Vhe wqtf `bqnfu' au wuef hete�n uha＀＀ �ne＀wfe bqnfu, t�oe
wattantu, nqteu anf qthet hqtou qh �nfebtefneuu �uuwef hqt tqaf anf bt�fie
rwtrqueu b{ an{ eqwnt{ qt uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie f�utt�et qt qthet uree�a＀ taz�ni
f�utt�et, qwtutanf�ni qn Jw＀{ 3ut, 3;53, qt an{ tehwnf�ni �uuweu theteqh0 Sa�f Dqatf
uha＀＀ haxe the utatwtqt{ rqwetu qh Dqatfu qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu anf Dqnf
Vtwuteeu anf qh an{ qthet awthqt�t{ qh uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie f�utt�etu, anf qthet
uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�etu theteqh w�th teiatf tq ua�f bqnfu, (ezeert that the rqwet tq
＀ex{ af xa＀qteo tazeu �u ezrteuu＀{ w�thhe＀f htqo ua�f Dqatf), anf uha＀＀ ta�e qxet a＀＀
raretu, fqewoentu anf teeqtfu eqneetn�ni the uaoe0 Sa�f Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe the
rqwet htqo t�oe tq t�oe tq �uuwe tehwnf�ni bqnfu tq oatwte w�th�n the ua�f h�ht{ (52)
{eat ret�qf, hqt an{ qh ua�f qwtutanf�ni bqnfu qt �nteteut theteqn, anf tq ueewte
theo b{ a r＀efie qh ant�e�ratef teee�rtu htqo uweh iauq＀�ne qt qthet hwe＀ tazeu tq be
f�utt�bwtef tq uweh eqwnt{ au hete�n rtqx�fef, bwt nqt at a iteatet tate qh �nteteut
than ua�f bqnfu nqw beat; anf tq �uuwe, ue＀＀ qt ezehanie qn beha＀h qh an{ eqwnt{ qt
wn�t hqt the uq＀e rwtrque qh tet�t�ni ua�f bqnfu �uuwef b{ uweh eqwnt{, qt uree�a＀ tqaf
anf bt�fie f�utt�et, qt qthet uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�et theteqh, iauq＀�ne qt qthet hwe＀ taz
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu beat�ni �nteteut at nqt oqte than thtee (5) ret eent ret
annwo �n uweh fenqo�nat�qnu anf oatwt�ni at uweh t�oe w�th�n the h�ht{ (52) {eat
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
ret�qf au the bqatf oa{ feteto�ne0 Kn aff�t�qn tq ezete�u�ni the rqwetu nqw
rtqx�fef b{ utatwte hqt the �nxeutoent qh u�n��ni hwnfu, ua�f Dqatf oa{ wue the
u�n��ni hwnfu eteatef hqt ua�f bqnfu qh an{ eqwnt{ qt uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie f�utt�et,
qt qthet wn�t hetewnfet, tq rwtehaue the oatwtef qt oatwt�ni bqnfu ratt�e�rat�ni
hete�n qh an{ qthet eqwnt{ qt an{ qthet uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie f�utt�et, qt qthet
uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�et theteqh, rtqx�fef that au tq ua�f oatwtef bqnfu, the xa＀we
theteqh au an �nxeutoent uha＀＀ be the rt�ee ra�f thetehqt, wh�eh uha＀＀ nqt ezeeef the
rat xa＀we r＀wu aeetwef �nteteut, anf that ua�f �nxeutoent uha＀＀ beat �nteteut at the
tate qh thtee (5) ret eent ret annwo0
(e) Vhe ua�f bqatf uha＀＀ annwa＀＀{ wue ua�f hwnfu �n eaeh eqwnt{ aeeqwnt, h�tut, tq
ra{ ewttent rt�ne�ra＀ anf �nteteut oatwt�ni, �h an{, qh ua�f bqnfu anf iauq＀�ne qt
qthet hwe＀ taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu qh uweh eqwnt{ qt uree�a＀ tqaf anf bt�fie
f�utt�et, qt qthet uree�a＀ taz�ni f�utt�et theteqh; ueeqnf, tq eutab＀�uh a u�n��ni hwnf
aeeqwnt tq oeet hwtwte teqw�teoentu qh ua�f bqnfu anf iauq＀�ne qt qthet hwe＀ taz
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu whete �t arreatu the ant�e�ratef �neqoe hqt an{ {eat qt
{eatu w�＀＀ nqt eqwa＀ uehefw＀ef ra{oentu theteqn; anf th�tf, an{ teoa�n�ni ba＀anee
qwt qh the rtqeeefu qh ua�f twq (2⁄) eentu qh ua�f tazeu uha＀＀ oqnth＀{ fwt�ni the {eat
be teo�ttef b{ ua�f bqatf au hq＀＀qwu< G�iht{ (82') ret eent tq the State Tqaf
Derattoent hqt the eqnuttwet�qn qt teeqnuttwet�qn qh utate tqafu anf bt�fieu w�th�n
the eqwnt{, qt hqt the ＀eaue qt rwtehaue qh bt�fieu eqnneet�ni utate h�ihwa{u w�th�n
the eqwnt{, anf twent{ (22') ret eent tq the Dqatf qh Eqwnt{ Eqoo�uu�qnetu qh
uweh eqwnt{ hqt wue qn tqafu anf bt�fieu thete�n0
(f) Sa�f bqatf uha＀＀ haxe the rqwet tq oa�e anf enhqtee a＀＀ tw＀eu anf
teiw＀at�qnu neeeuuat{ tq the hw＀＀ ezete�ue qh the rqwetu heteb{ itantef anf nq
＀ei�u＀at�qn uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq tenfet th�u aoenfoent qh hw＀＀ hqtee anf qretat�ni
ehheet htqo anf ahtet Janwat{ 3ut, 3;650 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe the ＀ex�eu qh
ua�f tazeu fwt�ni the ＀�he qh th�u Aoenfoent, anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{ ＀aw hax�ni the
ehheet qh w�thftaw�ni the rtqeeefu qh ua�f twq (2⁄) eentu qh ua�f tazeu htqo the
qretat�qn qh th�u aoenfoent0 Vhe bqatf uha＀＀ ra{ tehwnf�ni ezrenueu anf qthet
ezrenueu hqt uetx�eeu tenfetef uree�h�ea＀＀{ hqt, qt wh�eh ate rtqret＀{ ehatieab＀e tq,
the aeeqwnt qh an{ eqwnt{ htqo hwnfu f�utt�bwtef tq uweh eqwnt{; bwt ieneta＀
ezrenueu qh the bqatf hqt uetx�eeu tenfetef a＀＀ the eqwnt�eu a＀��e uha＀＀ be rtqtatef
aoqni theo anf ra�f qwt qh ua�f hwnfu qn the uaoe bau�u ua�f taz rtqeeefu ate
f�utt�bwtef aoqni the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu; rtqx�fef, terqtt qh ua�f ezrenueu uha＀＀ be
oafe tq eaeh Teiw＀at Seuu�qn qh the Nei�u＀atwte, anf the Nei�u＀atwte oa{ ＀�o�t the
ezrenueu qh the bqatf0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, S0J0T0 526, 3;63; afqrtef 3;620
5Pqte0´Pt�qt tq �tu aoenfoent b{ E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 5598, 3;92, uwbueet�qn (f)
teaf au hq＀＀qwu<
(f) SEJQQN DQPDS0 Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 38, qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au
aoenfef, au �t ez�utef �ooef�ate＀{ behqte th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu ehheet�xe �u
afqrtef b{ th�u tehetenee au ratt qh th�u tex�u�qn au eqor＀ete＀{ au thqwih
�neqtrqtatef hete�n xetbat�o, ezeert bqnfu qt taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu heteahtet
�uuwef thetewnfet oa{ beat �nteteut nqt �n ezeeuu qh h�xe ret eent ret annwo qt uweh
h�ihet �nteteut au oa{ be awthqt�zef b{ utatwte rauuef b{ a thtee/h�hthu xqte qh eaeh
hqwue qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte0 Dqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn (f) uha＀＀ be
ra{ab＀e rt�oat�＀{ htqo texenweu au rtqx�fef �n Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 38, qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, anf �h awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, oa{ be aff�t�qna＀＀{
ueewtef b{ r＀efi�ni the hw＀＀ ha�th anf etef�t qh the utate w�thqwt an e＀eet�qn0 Yhen
awthqt�zef b{ ＀aw, bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq Att�e＀e ZKK, Seet�qn 38, qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, anf bqnfu �uuwef rwtuwant tq th�u uwbueet�qn
(f), oa{ be tehwnfef b{ the �uuwanee qh bqnfu aff�t�qna＀＀{ ueewtef b{ the hw＀＀ ha�th
anf etef�t qh the utate qn＀{ at a ＀qwet net axetaie �nteteut equt tate0
8Pqte0´Seet�qn 38, Att0 ZKK qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, teafu au
hq＀＀qwu<
SGEVKQP 380 Sehqq＀ bqnfu hqt ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{, �uuwanee0´
(a) Dei�nn�ni Janwat{ 3, 3;85 anf hqt th�tt{/h�xe {eatu theteahtet, the h�tut
rtqeeefu qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu tq the eztent
neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u aoenfoent, uha＀＀, au eq＀＀eetef, be
r＀aeef oqnth＀{ �n the eqwnt{ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ anf febt uetx�ee uehqq＀ hwnf �n the utate
tteauwt{, anf wuef qn＀{ au rtqx�fef �n th�u aoenfoent0 Sweh texenwe uha＀＀ be
f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{ aoqni the uexeta＀ eqwnt�eu �n the tat�q qh the nwobet qh
�nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n eaeh eqwnt{ �n eaeh {eat eqorwtef au rtqx�fef hete�n0 Vhe
aoqwnt qh the h�tut texenweu fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu tq be uq uet
au�fe �n eaeh {eat anf f�utt�bwtef au rtqx�fef hete�n uha＀＀ be an aoqwnt eqwa＀ �n the
aiiteiate tq the rtqfwet qh hqwt hwnftef fq＀＀atu ow＀t�r＀�ef b{ the tqta＀ nwobet qh
�nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n a＀＀ the eqwnt�eu qh H＀qt�fa0 Vhe nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n eaeh
eqwnt{ �n eaeh {eat hqt the rwtrqueu qh th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ be the iteatet qh (3)
the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n eaeh eqwnt{ hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat 3;53/52
eqorwtef �n the oannet hetetqhqte rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, qt (2) the nwobet qh
�nuttwet�qn wn�tu �n uweh eqwnt{ hqt the uehqq＀ h�uea＀ {eat eqorwtef �n the oannet
hetetqhqte qt heteahtet rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf arrtqxef b{ the utate bqatf qh
efweat�qn (hete�nahtet ea＀＀ef the utate bqatf), qt (5) the nwobet qh �nuttwet�qn wn�tu
�n eaeh eqwnt{ qn beha＀h qh wh�eh the utate bqatf qh efweat�qn hau �uuwef bqnfu qt
oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu wnfet th�u aoenfoent wh�eh w�＀＀ rtqfwee
uwhh�e�ent texenweu wnfet th�u aoenfoent tq eqwa＀ qne anf qne/th�tf t�oeu the
aiiteiate aoqwnt qh rt�ne�ra＀ qh anf �nteteut qn uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz
ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu wh�eh w�＀＀ oatwte anf beeqoe fwe �n uweh {eat, eqorwtef �n
the oannet hetetqhqte qt heteahtet rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf arrtqxef b{ the
utate bqatf0
Sweh hwnfu uq f�utt�bwtef uha＀＀ be afo�n�utetef b{ the utate bqatf au nqw
eteatef anf eqnut�twtef b{ Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e ZKK ]nqw u0 2, Att�e＀e KZ_ qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh H＀qt�fa0 Hqt the rwtrqueu qh th�u aoenfoent, ua�f utate bqatf, au
nqw eqnut�twtef, uha＀＀ eqnt�nwe au a bqf{ eqtrqtate fwt�ni the ＀�he qh th�u aoenfoent
anf uha＀＀ haxe a＀＀ the rqwetu rtqx�fef �n th�u aoenfoent �n aff�t�qn tq a＀＀ qthet
eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf utatwtqt{ rqwetu te＀atef tq the rwtrqueu qh th�u aoenfoent
hetetqhqte qt heteahtet eqnhettef wrqn ua�f bqatf0
(b) Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀, �n aff�t�qn tq �tu qthet eqnut�twt�qna＀ anf utatwtqt{
rqwetu, haxe the oanaieoent, eqnttq＀ anf uwretx�u�qn qh the rtqeeefu qh the h�tut
ratt qh the texenweu fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu rtqx�fef hqt �n
uwbueet�qn (a)0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq haxe rqwet, hqt the rwtrque qh qbta�n�ni
hwnfu hqt the wue qh an{ eqwnt{ bqatf qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn �n aeqw�t�ni, bw�＀f�ni,
eqnuttwet�ni, a＀tet�ni, �ortqx�ni, en＀ati�ni, hwtn�uh�ni, qt eqw�rr�ni ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{
rtq�eetu hqt uehqq＀ rwtrqueu, tq �uuwe bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
56
ATVKENG ZKK
eett�h�eateu, anf a＀uq tq �uuwe uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu tq ra{, hwnf qt tehwnf an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu thetetqhqte �uuwef b{ ua�f utate bqatf0 A＀＀ uweh bqnfu uha＀＀ beat �nteteut
at nqt ezeeef�ni hqwt anf qne/ha＀h ret eentwo ret annwo anf uha＀＀ oatwte uet�a＀＀{
�n annwa＀ �nuta＀＀oentu eqooene�ni nqt oqte than thtee {eatu htqo the fate qh
�uuwanee theteqh anf enf�ni nqt ＀atet than th�tt{ {eatu htqo the fate qh �uuwanee qt
Janwat{ 3, 2222, A0D0, wh�ehexet �u eat＀�et0 A＀＀ uweh oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ beat �nteteut at nqt ezeeef�ni hqwt anf qne/ha＀h ret eentwo ret
annwo anf uha＀＀ oatwte rt�qt tq Janwat{ 3, 2222, A0D0 Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ haxe
rqwet tq feteto�ne a＀＀ qthet feta�＀u qh ua�f bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu anf tq ue＀＀ at rwb＀�e ua＀e ahtet rwb＀�e afxett�ueoent, qt ezehanie ua�f
bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, wrqn uweh tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu
au the utate bqatf uha＀＀ rtqx�fe0
Vhe utate bqatf uha＀＀ a＀uq haxe rqwet tq r＀efie hqt the ra{oent qh the rt�ne�ra＀
qh anf �nteteut qn uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, �ne＀wf�ni
tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt tehwnf�ni oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, a＀＀ qt an{
ratt htqo the ant�e�ratef texenweu tq be fet�xef htqo the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu
rtqx�fef hqt �n th�u aoenfoent anf tq entet �ntq an{ eqxenantu anf qthet
aiteeoentu w�th the hq＀fetu qh uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu at the t�oe qh the �uuwanee theteqh eqneetn�ni the ueewt�t{ theteqh anf
the t�ihtu qh the hq＀fetu theteqh, a＀＀ qh wh�eh eqxenantu anf aiteeoentu uha＀＀
eqnut�twte ＀eia＀＀{ b�nf�ni anf �ttexqeab＀e eqnttaetu w�th uweh hq＀fetu anf uha＀＀ be
hw＀＀{ enhqteeab＀e b{ uweh hq＀fetu �n an{ eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn0
Pq uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ exet be �uuwef
b{ the utate bqatf wnt�＀ ahtet the afqrt�qn qh a teuq＀wt�qn teqweut�ni the �uuwanee
theteqh b{ the eqwnt{ bqatf qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn qh the eqwnt{ qn beha＀h qh wh�eh
uweh qb＀�iat�qnu ate tq be �uuwef0 Vhe utate bqatf qh efweat�qn uha＀＀ ＀�o�t the aoqwnt
qh uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu wh�eh ean be �uuwef qn
beha＀h qh an{ eqwnt{ tq uexent{/h�xe ret eent qh the aoqwnt wh�eh �t feteto�neu ean
be uetx�eef b{ the texenwe aeetw�ni tq the eqwnt{ wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u
aoenfoent, anf uweh feteto�nat�qn uha＀＀ be eqne＀wu�xe0 A＀＀ uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt
xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu uha＀＀ be �uuwef �n the naoe qh the utate bqatf qh
efweat�qn bwt uha＀＀ be �uuwef hqt anf qn beha＀h qh the eqwnt{ bqatf qh rwb＀�e
�nuttwet�qn teqweut�ni the �uuwanee theteqh, anf nq e＀eet�qn qt arrtqxa＀ qh qwa＀�h�ef
e＀eetqtu qt hteehq＀fetu uha＀＀ be teqw�tef hqt the �uuwanee theteqh0
(e) Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ �n eaeh {eat wue the hwnfu f�utt�bwtab＀e rwtuwant tq
th�u Aoenfoent tq the etef�t qh eaeh eqwnt{ qn＀{ �n the hq＀＀qw�ni oannet anf qtfet
qh rt�qt�t{<
(3) Vq ra{ a＀＀ aoqwntu qh rt�ne�ra＀ anf �nteteut oatwt�ni �n uweh {eat qn an{
bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef wnfet the awthqt�t{ heteqh,
�ne＀wf�ni tehwnf�ni bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, �uuwef qn
beha＀h qh the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh uweh eqwnt{; uwb�eet, hqwexet, tq an{
eqxenantu qt aiteeoentu oafe b{ the State Dqatf eqneetn�ni the t�ihtu between
hq＀fetu qh f�hhetent �uuweu qh uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu, au hete�n awthqt�zef0
(2) Vq eutab＀�uh anf oa�nta�n a u�n��ni hwnf qt hwnfu tq oeet hwtwte
teqw�teoentu hqt febt uetx�ee, qt teuetxeu thetehqt, qn bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e
taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef qn beha＀h qh the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh
uweh eqwnt{, wnfet the awthqt�t{ heteqh, whenexet the State Dqatf uha＀＀ feeo �t
neeeuuat{ qt afx�uab＀e, anf �n uweh aoqwntu anf wnfet uweh tetou anf eqnf�t�qnu
au the State Dqatf uha＀＀ �n �tu f�uetet�qn feteto�ne0
(5) Vq f�utt�bwte annwa＀＀{ tq the uexeta＀ Dqatfu qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh the
eqwnt�eu hqt wue �n ra{oent qh febt uetx�ee qn bqnfu hetetqhqte qt heteahtet �uuwef
b{ an{ uweh Dqatf whete the rtqeeefu qh the bqnfu wete wuef, qt ate tq be wuef, �n
the eqnuttwet�qn, aeqw�u�t�qn, �ortqxeoent, en＀atieoent, hwtn�uh�ni, qt eqw�rr�ni qh
ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu �n uweh eqwnt{, anf wh�eh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu haxe been
arrtqxef b{ the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh the eqwnt{, rwtuwant tq a uwtxe{ qt
uwtxe{u eqnfwetef uwbueqwent tq Jw＀{ 3, 3;69 �n the eqwnt{, wnfet teiw＀at�qnu
rteuet�bef b{ the State Dqatf tq feteto�ne the ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ neefu qh the eqwnt{0
Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet at the t�oe qh �uuwanee qh an{ bqnfu b{ an{
Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn tq eqxenant anf aitee w�th uweh Dqatf au tq the tan� anf
rt�qt�t{ qh ra{oentu tq be oafe hqt f�hhetent �uuweu qh bqnfu wnfet th�u Swbueet�qn
(5), anf oa{ hwtthet aitee that an{ aoqwntu tq be f�utt�bwtef wnfet th�u Swbueet�qn
(5) oa{ be r＀efief hqt the febt uetx�ee qn bqnfu �uuwef b{ an{ Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e
Knuttwet�qn anf hqt the tan� anf rt�qt�t{ qh uweh r＀efie0 An{ uweh eqxenantu qt
aiteeoentu qh the State Dqatf oa{ be enhqteef b{ an{ hq＀fetu qh uweh bqnfu �n an{
eqwtt qh eqoretent �wt�uf�et�qn0
(6) Vq f�utt�bwte annwa＀＀{ tq the uexeta＀ Dqatfu qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh the
eqwnt�eu hqt the ra{oent qh the equt qh the eqnuttwet�qn, aeqw�u�t�qn, �ortqxeoent,
en＀atieoent, hwtn�uh�ni, qt eqw�rr�ni qh ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu hqt uehqq＀ rwtrqueu
�n uweh eqwnt{ au uha＀＀ be teqweutef b{ teuq＀wt�qn qh the Eqwnt{ Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e
Knuttwet�qn qh uweh eqwnt{0
(5) Yhen a＀＀ oa�qt ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ neefu qh a eqwnt{ haxe been oet au
feteto�nef b{ the State Dqatf, qn the bau�u qh a uwtxe{ oafe rwtuwant tq
teiw＀at�qnu qh the State Dqatf anf arrtqxef b{ the State Dqatf, a＀＀ uweh hwnfu
teoa�n�ni uha＀＀ be f�utt�bwtef annwa＀＀{ anf wuef hqt uweh uehqq＀ rwtrqueu �n uweh
eqwnt{ au the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh the eqwnt{ uha＀＀ feteto�ne, qt au oa{ be
rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(f) Ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu qh a eqwnt{ uha＀＀ be e＀�i�b＀e tq ratt�e�rate �n the hwnfu
aeetw�ni wnfet th�u Aoenfoent anf fet�xef htqo the rtqeeefu qh bqnfu anf oqtqt
xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu anf htqo the oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue tazeu, qn＀{ �n
the qtfet qh rt�qt�t{ qh neefu, au uhqwn b{ a uwtxe{ qt uwtxe{u eqnfwetef �n the
eqwnt{ wnfet teiw＀at�qnu rteuet�bef b{ the State Dqatf, tq feteto�ne the ear�ta＀
qwt＀a{ neefu qh the eqwnt{ anf arrtqxef b{ the State Dqatf; rtqx�fef, that the
rt�qt�t{ qh uweh rtq�eetu oa{ be ehanief htqo t�oe tq t�oe wrqn the teqweut qh the
Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh the eqwnt{ anf w�th the arrtqxa＀ qh the State Dqatf;
anf rtqx�fef hwtthet, that th�u Swbueet�qn (f) uha＀＀ nqt �n an{ oannet ahheet an{
eqxenant, aiteeoent, qt r＀efie oafe b{ the State Dqatf �n the �uuwanee b{ ua�f
State Dqatf qh an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, qt �n
eqnneet�qn w�th the �uuwanee qh an{ bqnfu qh an{ Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh an{
eqwnt{0
(e) Vhe State Dqatf oa{ �nxeut an{ u�n��ni hwnf qt hwnfu eteatef rwtuwant tq
th�u Aoenfoent �n f�teet qb＀�iat�qnu qh the Wn�tef Stateu qh Aoet�ea qt �n the bqnfu
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, oatwtef qt tq oatwte, �uuwef b{ the
State Dqatf qn beha＀h qh the Dqatf qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn qh an{ eqwnt{0
(h) Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq oa�e anf enhqtee a＀＀ tw＀eu anf
teiw＀at�qnu neeeuuat{ tq the hw＀＀ ezete�ue qh the rqwetu hete�n itantef anf nq
＀ei�u＀at�qn uha＀＀ be teqw�tef tq tenfet th�u Aoenfoent qh hw＀＀ hqtee anf qretat�ni
ehheet htqo anf ahtet Janwat{ 3, 3;550 Vhe Nei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ nqt tefwee the ＀ex�eu qh
ua�f oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue tazeu fwt�ni the ＀�he qh th�u Aoenfoent tq an{ feitee
wh�eh w�＀＀ ha�＀ tq rtqx�fe the hw＀＀ aoqwnt neeeuuat{ tq eqor＀{ w�th the rtqx�u�qnu qh
th�u Aoenfoent anf ra{ the neeeuuat{ ezrenueu qh afo�n�utet�ni the ＀awu te＀at�ni
tq the ＀�eenu�ni qh oqtqt xeh�e＀eu, anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{ ＀aw hax�ni the ehheet qh
w�thftaw�ni the rtqeeefu qh uweh oqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue tazeu htqo the qretat�qn qh
th�u Aoenfoent anf uha＀＀ nqt enaet an{ ＀aw �ora�t�ni qt oatet�a＀＀{ a＀tet�ni the
t�ihtu qh the hq＀fetu qh an{ bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu �uuwef
rwtuwant tq th�u Aoenfoent qt �ora�t�ni qt a＀tet�ni an{ eqxenant qt aiteeoent qh
the State Dqatf, au rtqx�fef �n uweh bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn
eett�h�eateu0
Vhe State Dqatf uha＀＀ haxe rqwet tq arrq�nt uweh retuqnu anf h�z the�t
eqorenuat�qn hqt the afo�n�uttat�qn qh the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Aoenfoent au �t uha＀＀
feeo neeeuuat{, anf the ezrenueu qh the State Dqatf �n afo�n�utet�ni the
rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u Aoenfoent uha＀＀ be rtqtatef aoqni the xat�qwu eqwnt�eu anf
ra�f qwt qh the rtqeeefu qh the bqnfu qt oqtqt xeh�e＀e taz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu qt
htqo the hwnfu f�utt�bwtab＀e tq eaeh eqwnt{ qn the uaoe bau�u au uweh oqtqt xeh�e＀e
＀�eenue tazeu ate f�utt�bwtab＀e tq the xat�qwu eqwnt�eu wnfet the rtqx�u�qnu qh th�u
Aoenfoent0 Knteteut qt rtqh�t qn u�n��ni hwnf �nxeutoentu uha＀＀ aeetwe tq the
eqwnt�eu �n rtqrqtt�qn tq the�t teureet�xe eqw�t�eu �n the u�n��ni hwnf qt hwnfu0
J�utqt{0⁀Affef, S0J0T0 328, 3;53; afqrtef 3;52; (a), (b) Ao0 S0J0T0 238, 3;85;
afqrtef 3;860
3SGEVKQP
320 Pteuetxat�qn qh ez�ut�ni iqxetn/
oent0´A＀＀ rtqx�u�qnu qh Att�e＀eu K thtqwih KV, VKK anf KZ
thtqwih ZZ qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, nqt
eobtaeef hete�n wh�eh ate nqt �neqnu�utent w�th th�u
tex�u�qn uha＀＀ beeqoe utatwteu uwb�eet tq oqf�h�eat�qn qt
terea＀ au ate qthet utatwteu0
3Pqte0´See tab＀e �n Vq＀woe 8 qh the H＀qt�fa Statwteu ttae�ni xat�qwu rtqx�u�qnu
qh the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef, �ntq the H＀qt�fa Statwteu0
SGEVKQP 330 De＀et�qn qh qbuq＀ete uehefw＀e
�teou0´Vhe ＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ haxe rqwet, b{ �q�nt
teuq＀wt�qn, tq fe＀ete htqo th�u tex�u�qn an{ ueet�qn qh
th�u Att�e＀e ZKK, �ne＀wf�ni th�u ueet�qn, when a＀＀ exentu tq
wh�eh the ueet�qn tq be fe＀etef �u qt eqw＀f beeqoe
arr＀�eab＀e haxe qeewttef0 A ＀ei�u＀at�xe feteto�nat�qn qh
haet oafe au a bau�u hqt arr＀�eat�qn qh th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀
be uwb�eet tq �wf�e�a＀ tex�ew0
SGEVKQP 320 Senatqtu0´Vhe teqw�teoentu qh
utaiietef tetou qh uenatqtu �n Seet�qn 35(a), qh Att�e＀e
KKK qh th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ arr＀{ qn＀{ tq uenatqtu e＀eetef �n
Pqxeobet, 3;92, anf theteahtet0
SGEVKQP 350 Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent0´Vhe
teqw�teoentu qh ＀ei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent �n Seet�qn
38 qh Att�e＀e KKK qh th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ arr＀{ qn＀{ tq the
arrqtt�qnoent qh the ＀ei�u＀atwte hq＀＀qw�ni the feeenn�a＀
eenuwu qh 3;92, anf theteahtet0
SGEVKQP 360 Terteuentat�xeu; tetou0´Vhe ＀ei/
�u＀atwte at �tu h�tut teiw＀at ueuu�qn hq＀＀qw�ni the tat�h�ea/
t�qn qh th�u tex�u�qn, b{ �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn, uha＀＀ rtqrque tq
the e＀eetqtu qh the utate hqt tat�h�eat�qn qt te�eet�qn �n the
ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn qh 3;92 an aoenfoent tq Att�e＀e KKK,
Seet�qn 35(b), qh the eqnut�twt�qn rtqx�f�ni utaiietef
tetou qh hqwt {eatu hqt oeobetu qh the hqwue qh
terteuentat�xeu0
SGEVKQP 350 Sree�a＀ f�utt�et tazeu0´Af xa＀qteo
taz�ni rqwet xeutef b{ ＀aw �n uree�a＀ f�utt�etu ez�ut�ni
when th�u tex�u�qn beeqoeu ehheet�xe uha＀＀ nqt be
abtqiatef b{ Seet�qn ;(b) qh Att�e＀e VKK hete�n, bwt
uweh rqwetu, ezeert tq the eztent neeeuuat{ tq ra{
55
ATVKENG ZKK
qwtutanf�ni febtu, oa{ be teutt�etef qt w�thftawn b{
＀aw0
SGEVKQP 380 Teqtian�zat�qn0´Vhe teqw�teoent
qh Seet�qn 8, Att�e＀e KV qh th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀ nqt arr＀{
wnt�＀ Jw＀{ 3, 3;8;0
SGEVKQP 390 Eqnh＀�et�ni rtqx�u�qnu0´Vh�u
uehefw＀e �u feu�inef tq ehheet the qtfet＀{ ttanu�t�qn qh
iqxetnoent htqo the Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885, au aoenfef,
tq th�u tex�u�qn anf uha＀＀ eqnttq＀ �n a＀＀ eaueu qh eqnh＀�et
w�th an{ ratt qh Att�e＀e K thtqwih KV, VKK, anf KZ thtqwih
ZK hete�n0
SGEVKQP 380 Dqnfu hqt hqwu�ni anf te＀atef
hae�＀�t�eu0´Seet�qn 38 qh Att�e＀e VKK, rtqx�f�ni hqt
bqnfu hqt hqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet
wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu0
J�utqt{0´Affef, S0J0T0 8/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
3SGEVKQP 3;0 Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee rtqr/
ett{0´Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK,
te＀at�ni tq an ezeort�qn hqt a tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee
fex�ee anf tea＀ rtqrett{ qn wh�eh uweh fex�ee �u
�nuta＀＀ef, �h afqrtef at the uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn �n Qetqbet
3;82, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 3;830
J�utqt{0´Affef, S0J0T0 35/G, 3;82; afqrtef 3;820
3Pqte0´
A0 Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 38 b{ S0J0T0 35/G, 3;82, wau
tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 3; b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 38 au
eqnta�nef �n S0J0T0 8/G, 3;820
D0 Vhe aoenfoent tq ueet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK, te＀at�ni tq an ezeort�qn hqt
tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee rtqrett{, wau terea＀ef ehheet�xe Pqxeobet 6, 2228, b{
Ao0 rtqrquef b{ the Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 5,
2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 28, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 220 Aeeeuu tq rwb＀�e teeqtfu0´See/
t�qn 26 qh Att�e＀e K, te＀at�ni tq aeeeuu tq rwb＀�e teeqtfu,
uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Jw＀{ 3, 3;;50
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt E0S0 hqt J0J0T0'u 3929, 885, 2255, 3;;2; afqrtef
3;;20
SGEVKQP 230 State texenwe ＀�o�tat�qn0´Vhe
aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 3 qh Att�e＀e VKK ＀�o�t�ni utate
texenweu uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 3;;5, anf uha＀＀
h�tut be arr＀�eab＀e tq utate h�uea＀ {eat 3;;5/3;;80
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 2255, 3;;6; afqrtef 3;;60
SGEVKQP 220 J�utqt�e rtqrett{ ezeort�qn anf
auueuuoent0´Vhe aoenfoentu tq Seet�qnu 5 anf 6 qh
Att�e＀e VKK te＀at�ni tq af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn hqt, anf
auueuuoent qh, h�utqt�e rtqrett{ uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet
Janwat{ 3, 3;;;0
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 ;8;, 3;;9; afqrtef 3;;80
3SGEVKQP
250 H�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn
eqoo�uu�qn0´
(a) Vhe �n�t�a＀ oeobetu qh the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be
the oeobetu qh the iaoe anf hteuh watet h�uh
eqoo�uu�qn anf the oat�ne h�uhet�eu eqoo�uu�qn whq
ate uetx�ni qn thque eqoo�uu�qnu qn the ehheet�xe fate
qh th�u aoenfoent, whq oa{ uetxe the teoa�nfet qh
the�t teureet�xe tetou0 Pew arrq�ntoentu tq the eqo/
o�uu�qn uha＀＀ nqt be oafe wnt�＀ the tet�teoent, teu�ina/
t�qn, teoqxa＀, qt ezr�tat�qn qh the tetou qh the �n�t�a＀
oeobetu teuw＀tu �n hewet than uexen oeobetu teoa�n/
�ni0
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
(b) Vhe �wt�uf�et�qn qh the oat�ne h�uhet�eu eqoo�u/
u�qn au uet hqtth �n utatwteu �n ehheet qn Mateh 3, 3;;8,
uha＀＀ be ttanuhettef tq the h�uh anf w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn
eqoo�uu�qn0 Vhe �wt�uf�et�qn qh the oat�ne h�uhet�eu
eqoo�uu�qn ttanuhettef tq the eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ nqt be
ezranfef ezeert au rtqx�fef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0 A＀＀ tw＀eu qh
the oat�ne h�uhet�eu eqoo�uu�qn anf iaoe anf hteuh
watet h�uh eqoo�uu�qn �n ehheet qn the ehheet�xe fate qh
th�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ beeqoe tw＀eu qh the h�uh anf
w�＀f＀�he eqnuetxat�qn eqoo�uu�qn wnt�＀ uwretuefef qt
aoenfef b{ the eqoo�uu�qn0
(e) Qn the ehheet�xe fate qh th�u aoenfoent, the
oat�ne h�uhet�eu eqoo�uu�qn anf iaoe anf hteuh watet
h�uh eqoo�uu�qn uha＀＀ be abq＀�uhef0
(f) Vh�u aoenfoent uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Jw＀{ 3, 3;;;0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 5,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 22 b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 5 qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, 3;;8, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 25 b{ the
ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 22 au eteatef �n J0J0T0 ;8;, 3;;90
3SGEVKQP
260 Gzeewt�xe btaneh tehqto0´
(a) Vhe aoenfoentu eqnta�nef �n th�u tex�u�qn uha＀＀
ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 9, 2225, bwt uha＀＀ iqxetn w�th
teureet tq the qwa＀�h{�ni hqt anf the hq＀f�ni qh rt�oat{
e＀eet�qnu �n 22220 Vhe qhh�ee qh eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet
uha＀＀ be a new qhh�ee au a teuw＀t qh th�u tex�u�qn0
(b) Kn the exent the ueetetat{ qh utate �u teoqxef au
a eab�net qhh�ee �n the 3;;8 ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, the teto
¬ewutqf�an qh utate teeqtfu¹ uha＀＀ be uwbut�twtef hqt the
teto ¬ueetetat{ qh utate¹ thtqwihqwt the eqnut�twt�qn anf
the fwt�eu rtex�qwu＀{ rethqtoef b{ the ueetetat{ qh utate
uha＀＀ be au rtqx�fef b{ ＀aw0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 8,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3
Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 22 b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 8 qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, 3;;8, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 26 b{ the
ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 22 au eteatef �n J0J0T0 ;8;, 3;;90
3SGEVKQP
250 Sehefw＀e tq Att�e＀e V aoenfoent0
(a) Eqooene�ni w�th h�uea＀ {eat 2222/2223, the
＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ arrtqrt�ate hwnfu tq ra{ hqt the
ua＀at�eu, equtu, anf ezrenueu uet hqtth �n the aoenf/
oent tq Seet�qn 36 qh Att�e＀e V rwtuwant tq a rhaue/�n
uehefw＀e eutab＀�uhef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw0
(b) Wn＀euu qthetw�ue rtqx�fef hete�n, the aoenf/
oent tq Seet�qn 36 uha＀＀ be hw＀＀{ ehheetwatef b{ Jw＀{ 3,
22260
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0 9,
3;;8, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Ma{ 5, 3;;8; afqrtef 3;;80
3Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 22 b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 9 qh the
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, 3;;8, wau tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 25 b{ the
ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 22 au eteatef �n J0J0T0 ;8;, 3;;90
SGEVKQP 280 Kneteauef hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn0
Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK �neteau�ni the
oaz�owo aff�t�qna＀ aoqwnt qh the hqoeuteaf ezeor/
t�qn hqt ＀qw/�neqoe uen�qtu uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3,
22290
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 555, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 290 Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qnu anf ＀�o/
�tat�qnu qn rtqrett{ taz auueuuoentu0´Vhe aoenf/
oentu tq Seet�qnu 5, 6, anf 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK, rtqx�f�ni a
&25,222 ezeort�qn hqt tani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{,
rtqx�f�ni an aff�t�qna＀ &25,222 hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn,
awthqt�z�ni ttanuhet qh the aeetwef beneh�t htqo the
＀�o�tat�qnu qn the auueuuoent qh hqoeuteaf rtqrett{,
58
ATVKENG ZKK
anf th�u ueet�qn, �h uwbo�ttef tq the e＀eetqtu qh th�u utate
hqt arrtqxa＀ qt te�eet�qn at a uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn awthqt�zef
b{ ＀aw tq be he＀f qn Janwat{ 2;, 2228, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet
wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu anf uha＀＀ qretate tettq/
aet�xe＀{ tq Janwat{ 3, 2228, qt, �h uwbo�ttef tq the
e＀eetqtu qh th�u utate hqt arrtqxa＀ qt te�eet�qn at the nezt
ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3 qh the {eat
hq＀＀qw�ni uweh ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn0 Vhe aoenfoentu tq
Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK eteat�ni 3uwbueet�qnu (h) anf (i)
qh that ueet�qn, eteat�ni a ＀�o�tat�qn qn annwa＀ auueuu/
oent �neteaueu hqt uree�h�ef tea＀ rtqrett{, uha＀＀ ta�e
ehheet wrqn arrtqxa＀ qh the e＀eetqtu anf uha＀＀ h�tut ＀�o�t
auueuuoentu bei�nn�ni Janwat{ 3, 222;, �h arrtqxef at
a uree�a＀ e＀eet�qn he＀f qn Janwat{ 2;, 2228, qt uha＀＀ h�tut
＀�o�t auueuuoentu bei�nn�ni Janwat{ 3, 2232, �h ar/
rtqxef at the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn he＀f �n Pqxeobet qh
22280 3Swbueet�qnu (h) anf (i) qh Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK
ate terea＀ef ehheet�xe Janwat{ 3, 223;; hqwexet, the
＀ei�u＀atwte uha＀＀ b{ �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn rtqrque an aoenf/
oent abtqiat�ni the terea＀ qh 3uwbueet�qnu (h) anf (i),
wh�eh uha＀＀ be uwbo�ttef tq the e＀eetqtu qh th�u utate hqt
arrtqxa＀ qt te�eet�qn at the ieneta＀ e＀eet�qn qh 2238 anf,
�h arrtqxef, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 223;0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt S0J0T0 2/D, 2229; afqrtef 22280
3Pqte0´Swbueet�qnu (h) anf (i) qh u0 6, Att0 VKK qh the State Eqnut�twt�qn, au
eteatef b{ S0J0T0 2/D, 2229, afqrtef Janwat{ 2;, 2228, wete tefeu�inatef au
uwbueet�qnu (i) anf (h) b{ Tex�u�qn Pq0 6, Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto
Eqoo�uu�qn, afqrtef Pqxeobet 6, 22280
SGEVKQP 280 Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qn anf e＀au/
u�h�eat�qn anf auueuuoent qh ＀anf wuef hqt eqn/
uetxat�qn rwtrqueu0´Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 5 qh
Att�e＀e VKK teqw�t�ni the eteat�qn qh an af xa＀qteo taz
ezeort�qn hqt tea＀ rtqrett{ fef�eatef �n retretw�t{ hqt
eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu, anf the aoenfoent tq Seet�qn
6 qh Att�e＀e VKK teqw�t�ni ＀anf wuef hqt eqnuetxat�qn
rwtrqueu tq be e＀auu�h�ef b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw anf auueuuef
uq＀e＀{ qn the bau�u qh ehataetet qt wue hqt rwtrqueu qh af
xa＀qteo tazat�qn, uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the
e＀eetqtu anf uha＀＀ be �or＀eoentef b{ Janwat{ 3, 22320
Vh�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet wrqn arrtqxa＀ qh the
e＀eetqtu0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
6, 2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 28, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 2;0 N�o�tat�qn qn the auueuuef xa＀we
qh tea＀ rtqrett{ wuef hqt teu�fent�a＀ rwtrqueu0´
(a) Vhe terea＀ qh the tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee
rtqrett{ taz ezeort�qn �n Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK uha＀＀
ta�e ehheet wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the xqtetu0
(b) Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK
awthqt�z�ni the ＀ei�u＀atwte tq rtqh�b�t an �neteaue �n
the auueuuef xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{ wuef hqt teu�fent�a＀
rwtrqueu au the teuw＀t qh �ortqx�ni the rtqrett{'u
teu�utanee tq w�nf faoaie qt �nuta＀＀�ni a tenewab＀e
eneti{ uqwtee fex�ee uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 222;0
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
5, 2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 28, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 520 Auueuuoent qh wqt��ni watethtqnt
rtqrett{0´Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK
rtqx�f�ni hqt the auueuuoent qh wqt��ni watethtqnt
rtqrett{ bauef qn ewttent wue, anf th�u ueet�qn, uha＀＀
ta�e ehheet wrqn arrtqxa＀ b{ the e＀eetqtu anf uha＀＀ h�tut
ATVKENG ZKK
EQPSVKVWVKQP QH VJG SVAVG QH HNQTKDA
arr＀{ tq auueuuoentu hqt taz {eatu bei�nn�ni Janwat{
3, 22320
J�utqt{0´Ptqrquef b{ Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, Tex�u�qn Pq0
8, 2228, h�＀ef w�th the Seetetat{ qh State Art�＀ 28, 2228; afqrtef 22280
SGEVKQP 530 Aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo taz ezeor/
t�qn hqt eetta�n oeobetu qh the atoef hqteeu
fer＀q{ef qn aet�xe fwt{ qwtu�fe qh the Wn�tef
Stateu0´Vhe aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK
rtqx�f�ni hqt an aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn hqt
oeobetu qh the Wn�tef Stateu o�＀�tat{ qt o�＀�tat{
teuetxeu, the Wn�tef Stateu Eqaut Gwatf qt �tu teuetxeu,
qt the H＀qt�fa Pat�qna＀ Gwatf fer＀q{ef qn aet�xe fwt{
qwtu�fe qh the Wn�tef Stateu �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{
qretat�qnu feu�inatef b{ the ＀ei�u＀atwte anf th�u
ueet�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 22330
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 855, 222;; afqrtef 22320
SGEVKQP 520 Vetetanu f�uab＀ef fwe tq eqobat
�n�wt{; hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz f�ueqwnt0´Vhe
aoenfoent tq uwbueet�qn (e) qh Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e
VKK te＀at�ni tq the hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz f�ueqwnt hqt
xetetanu whq beeaoe f�uab＀ef au the teuw＀t qh a eqobat
�n�wt{ uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 22350
J�utqt{0´Affef, S0J0T0 5;2, 2233; afqrtef 22320
3SGEVKQP
550 Af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh hqt uwtx�x�ni
urqwueu qh xetetanu whq f�ef htqo uetx�ee/eqn/
neetef eawueu anf h�tut teurqnfetu whq f�ef �n the
＀�ne qh fwt{0´Vh�u ueet�qn anf the aoenfoent tq
Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK reto�tt�ni the ＀ei�u＀atwte tq
rtqx�fe af xa＀qteo taz te＀�eh tq uwtx�x�ni urqwueu qh
xetetanu whq f�ef htqo uetx�ee/eqnneetef eawueu anf
h�tut teurqnfetu whq f�ef �n the ＀�ne qh fwt{ uha＀＀ ta�e
ehheet Janwat{ 3, 22350
J�utqt{0´Affef, J0J0T0 ;5, 2232; afqrtef 22320
Pqte0´Vh�u ueet�qn, qt�i�na＀＀{ feu�inatef ueet�qn 52 b{ J0J0T0 ;5, 2232, wau
tefeu�inatef ueet�qn 55 b{ the ef�tqtu �n qtfet tq axq�f eqnhwu�qn w�th ueet�qn 52 au
eteatef �n S0J0T0 5;2, 22330
3
SGEVKQP 560 Sq＀at fex�eeu qt tenewab＀e eneti{
uqwtee fex�eeu; ezeort�qn htqo eetta�n tazat�qn
anf auueuuoent0´Vh�u ueet�qn, the aoenfoent tq
uwbueet�qn (e) qh Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK awthqt�z�ni the
59
ATVKENG ZKK
＀ei�u＀atwte, uwb�eet tq ＀�o�tat�qnu uet hqtth �n ieneta＀ ＀aw,
tq ezeort the auueuuef xa＀we qh uq＀at fex�eeu qt
tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu uwb�eet tq tani�b＀e
retuqna＀ rtqrett{ taz htqo af xa＀qteo tazat�qn, anf the
aoenfoent tq uwbueet�qn (�) qh Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK
awthqt�z�ni the ＀ei�u＀atwte, b{ ieneta＀ ＀aw, tq rtqh�b�t
the eqnu�fetat�qn qh the �nuta＀＀at�qn qh a uq＀at fex�ee qt a
tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�ee �n feteto�n�ni the
auueuuef xa＀we qh tea＀ rtqrett{ hqt the rwtrque qh af
xa＀qteo tazat�qn uha＀＀ ta�e ehheet qn Janwat{ 3, 2238,
anf uha＀＀ ezr�te qn Deeeobet 53, 22590 Wrqn ezr�ta/
t�qn, th�u ueet�qn uha＀＀ be terea＀ef anf the tezt qh
uwbueet�qn (e) qh Seet�qn 5 qh Att�e＀e VKK anf uwbueet�qn
(�) qh Seet�qn 6 qh Att�e＀e VKK uha＀＀ texett tq that �n
ez�utenee qn Deeeobet 53, 2239, ezeert that an{
aoenfoentu tq uweh tezt qthetw�ue afqrtef uha＀＀ be
rteuetxef anf eqnt�nwe tq qretate tq the eztent that
uweh aoenfoentu ate nqt ferenfent wrqn the rqtt�qnu
qh tezt wh�eh ezr�te rwtuwant tq th�u ueet�qn0
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 3;5, 2238; afqrtef 22380
SGEVKQP 550 Vaz ezeort�qn hqt tqta＀＀{ anf
retoanent＀{ f�uab＀ef h�tut teurqnfetu0´Vhe
aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK te＀at�ni tq te＀�eh
htqo af xa＀qteo tazeu auueuuef qn hqoeuteaf rtqr/
ett{ hqt h�tut teurqnfetu, whq ate tqta＀＀{ anf retoa/
nent＀{ f�uab＀ef au a teuw＀t qh �n�wt�eu uwuta�nef �n the
＀�ne qh fwt{, ta�eu ehheet Janwat{ 3, 22390
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 322;, 2238; afqrtef 22380
SGEVKQP 580 Aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo ezeort�qn
hqt retuqnu aie u�zt{/h�xe qt q＀fet0´Vh�u ueet�qn anf
the aoenfoent tq Seet�qn 8 qh Att�e＀e VKK tex�u�ni the
�wut xa＀we feteto�nat�qn hqt the aff�t�qna＀ af xa＀qteo
taz ezeort�qn hqt retuqnu aie u�zt{/h�xe qt q＀fet uha＀＀
ta�e ehheet Janwat{ 3, 2239, hq＀＀qw�ni arrtqxa＀ b{ the
e＀eetqtu, anf uha＀＀ qretate tettqaet�xe＀{ tq Janwat{ 3,
2235, hqt an{ retuqn whq teee�xef the ezeort�qn wnfet
rataitarh (2) qh Seet�qn 8(f) qh Att�e＀e VKK behqte
Janwat{ 3, 22390
J�utqt{0´Affef, E0S0 hqt J0J0T0 295, 2238; afqrtef 22380
INDEX
FOREWORD
Kn the �nfez tq the H＀qt�fa Eqnut�twt�qn, ¬A¹ tehetu tq the Att�e＀e qh the Eqnut�twt�qn
anf ¬S¹ tehetu tq the Seet�qn w�th�n the Att�e＀e0 Vh�u �nfez �ne＀wfeu teheteneeu tq the
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 when that Eqnut�twt�qn �u �neqtrqtatef b{ tehetenee �n the
rteuent Eqnut�twt�qn0
A
ABORTION
M�nqtu, rt�qt nqt�h�eat�qn qh ratent, A32 S22
AMENDMENT (Eqnt0)
Tex�u�qn eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S2, A33 S5(a)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S5(a),
A33 S8(e)
AD VALOREM TAXES
See VAZAVKQP
APPORTIONMENT OF LEGISLATURE
See NGGKSNAVWTG
ADMINISTRATION, STATE BOARD OF, A6 S6(e),
A32 S;(a), (e)
APPROPRIATIONS
Dqnf febt uetx�ee, A9 S33(b)
E＀et�u qh e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ eqwttu, A5 S36(b)
Ewttent utate ezrenueu, A5 S32
Gfweat�qn ＀qttet{ hwnfu, A32 S35
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;
Geneta＀ arrtqrt�at�qn b�＀＀u, A5 S8, A5 S32, A5 S3;(b), (f)
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, A32 S3;
Kteo�zat�qn teqw�teoentu, A5 S3;(b)
Nei�u＀at�xe Dwfiet Eqoo�uu�qn, fwt�eu, A5 S3;(e)
Nqea＀ iqxetnoent a�f, A9 S8
Manfatef ezrenf�twte qh hwnfu b{ ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu,
A9 S38(a)
Mqne{ ftawn htqo utate tteauwt{, A9 S3(e)
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu' qhh�eeu, A5 S36(a), A32 S25
Teewtt�ni rwtrqueu arrtqrt�at�qnu oafe htqo nqnteewtt�ni
ieneta＀ texenwe hwnfu, ＀�o�tat�qn, A5 S3;(a)
Tex�ew ret�qf, A5 S3;(f)
Sa＀at�eu hqt rwb＀�e qhh�eetu, A5 S32
Sehqq＀ f�utt�et a�f, A9 S8
State attqtne{u' qhh�eeu, A5 S36(a), A32 S25
State eqwttu u{uteo, A5 S36(a), (f), A32 S25
State uehqq＀ hwnf, A; S8
Vqbaeeq Gfweat�qn anf Ptexent�qn Ptqitao, A32 S29(b)
Vetq, A5 S8, A5 S3;(b)
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES
Jwf�e�a＀ tex�ew, afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b),
A5 S5(b)
Pena＀t�eu, �orqu�t�qn qh, A3 S38
Swau�/�wf�e�a＀ rqwet, A5 S3
Sentenee qh �ort�uqnoent, A3 S38
Wt�＀�t�eu teiw＀at�qn, Swrteoe Eqwtt tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
ADVERSE MEDICAL INCIDENTS, A32 S25
AGRICULTURE, COMMISSIONER OF
(See also EADKPGV)
Ait�ew＀twta＀ oattetu, uwretx�u�qn, A6 S6(f)
Eab�net, oeobet, A6 S6(a)
G＀eet�qn, A6 S5(a)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Kntetna＀ �ortqxeoent ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Nanf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Naw Gnhqteeoent, Derattoent qh; aiene{ heaf, A6 S6(i)
Qhh�ee ＀qeat�qn, A2 S2
Pqwetu anf fwt�eu, A6 S6(a), (f)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A6 S5(a)
AIR POLLUTION, A2 S9(a), A6 S;, A9 S36
ARMED FORCES
See MKNKVKA
AIRCRAFT, A9 S3(b)
ARMS, RIGHT TO BEAR, A3 S8(a)
AIRPORTS, A9 S32(e)
ASSEMBLY, RIGHT OF, A3 S5
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, A8 S5(a), A8 S8(b)
ATTAINDER, BILLS OF, A3 S32, A3 S39
ALIENS, A3 S2
ATTORNEY GENERAL
(See also EADKPGV)
Afo�n�uttat�qn, State Dqatf qh; oeobet, A6 S6(e)
Eab�net, oeobet, A6 S6(a)
Eh�eh ＀eia＀ qhh�eet qh utate, A6 S6(b)
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, oeobet, A33 S2(a)
G＀eet�qn, A6 S5(a)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Kn�t�at�xe ret�t�qnu, teqweut�ni Swrteoe Eqwtt afx�uqt{
qr�n�qn, A6 S32, A5 S5(b)
AMENDMENT
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn, A33 S6, A33 S5(a)
Ghheet�xe fate, A33 S5(e)
G＀eet�qn hqt arrtqxa＀, A33 S5
Jqwue qh Terteuentat�xeu, rtqrquef teto qh qhh�ee, A32 S36
Kn�t�at�xeu, A33 S5, A33 S5(b), (e)
Nei�u＀at�xe �q�nt teuq＀wt�qn, A33 S3, A33 S5(a)
Pwb＀�eat�qn, A33 S5(f)
3
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
ATTORNEY GENERAL (Eqnt0)
Kntetna＀ �ortqxeoent ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Nanf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Naw Gnhqteeoent, Derattoent qh; aiene{ heaf, A6 S6(i)
Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent
Jwf�e�a＀ tearrqtt�qnoent ret�t�qn, A5 S38(b), (e)
Jwf�e�a＀ tex�ew ret�t�qn, A5 S38(e), (e)
M�n�owo waie, enhqteeoent awthqt�t{, A32 S26(e)
Qhh�ee ＀qeat�qn, A2 S2
Pqwetu anf fwt�eu, A6 S6(a), (b)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
Teeteat�qn fexe＀qroent bqnf xa＀�fat�qn rtqeeef�niu,
A32 S;(a)
Statew�fe rtqueewtqt, arrq�ntoent, A6 S6(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A6 S5(a)
Index
BONDS (Eqnt0)
Texenwe bqnfu (Eqnt0)
Ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu, A9 S33(f), A32 S;(b)
Eqnuetxat�qn anf teeteat�qn ＀anfu, aeqw�u�t�qn anf
�ortqxeoent, A9 S33(e), A32 S;(a)
Debt uetx�ee qn bqnfu, A32 S28(b)
J�utqt�e rteuetxat�qn, A9 S33(e)
Jqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S38, A32 S38
Knfwutt�a＀ qt oanwhaetwt�ni r＀antu, A9 S32(e)
Nei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀ qh rtq�eet, A9 S33(h)
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf abateoent hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Pqtt hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
Tehwnf�ni bqnfu, A32 S;(b), (e), (f)
Tera{oent, uqwtee qh hwnfu, A9 S33(f)
Stwfent ＀qanu, A9 S35
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Yatet teuqwtee fexe＀qroent, A9 S33(e)
Tqafu anf h�ihwa{u, A9 S39, A32 S;(b), (e)
Sa＀e, eqob�n�ni �uuweu, A9 S33(e)
Sehqq＀ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu, A9 S32, A32 S;(a), (f)
Sehqq＀ f�utt�etu, A9 S32
Sree�a＀ f�utt�etu, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
State bqnfu, A9 S33, A9 S36, A9 S35, A9 S38, A9 S39,
A32 S;
Stwfent ＀qanu, A9 S35
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Vaz ＀ex�eu hqt ra{oent qh febt
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, A9 S32
Gtquu teee�rtu taz, wt�＀�t{ uetx�eeu, A32 S;(a)
Seeqnf iau taz, A32 S;(e)
Vtanurqttat�qn t�ihtu/qh/wa{, A9 S39
Va＀�fat�qn, A5 S5(b)
Vqtet arrtqxa＀, A9 S33(a), A9 S32(a)
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Yatet teuqwtee fexe＀qroent, A9 S33(e)
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW
Afo�uu�qn tq rtaet�ee, A5 S35
Dat, See HNQTKDA DAT
Eqwtt/arrq�ntef eqwnue＀, hwnf�ni, A5 S36(a), A32 S25
Et�o�na＀ fehenfantu, t�iht tq eqwnue＀, A3 S38(a)
D�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S35
ATTORNEYS’ FEES, A3 S28, A32 S26(e)
AUDITOR, A5 S2
B
BEACHES, A32 S33, A32 S28(b)
BILLS OF ATTAINDER, A3 S32, A3 S39
BLIND PERSONS, A9 S5(b)
BOATS
N�eenue taz, A9 S3(b)
Veuue＀ ＀awneheu, oat�nau, anf oat�ne oanwhaetwt�ni
hae�＀�t�eu; taz auueuuoentu, A9 S6(�), A32 S52
BOUNDARIES (STATE), A2 S3
BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT, A2 S5
BOND (PUBLIC OFFICERS), A2 S5(b)
BRIDGES, A9 S39
BONDS
A�trqttu, A9 S32(e)
Dt�fieu, A9 S39
Ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu, A9 S32(e), A9 S33(a), (f), A9 S32(a),
A32 S;
Eett�h�eateu qh �nfebtefneuu, A9 S32
Eqnuetxat�qn anf teeteat�qn ＀anfu, aeqw�u�t�qn anf
�ortqxeoent, A9 S33(e), A32 S;(a)
Eqwnt�eu, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
Debt ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S33(a), A9 S36(e), A9 S38(e), A32 S;(e)
Ha�th anf etef�t qh utate, r＀efi�ni, A9 S33(a), (e), A9 S36(a),
A9 S38(b), A9 S39, A32 S;
H�zef ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu, A9 S33(a), (f)
J�utqt�e rteuetxat�qn, A9 S33(e)
Jqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S38, A32 S38
Knfwutt�a＀ qt oanwhaetwt�ni r＀antu, A9 S32(e)
Kuuwef rwtuwant tq 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S8
Nqea＀ bqnfu, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenwe ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu,
A32 S;(f)
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
Qwtfqqt teeteat�qn fexe＀qroent, A9 S33(e), A32 S;(a)
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf abateoent hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Pqtt hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn, A9 S32, A32 S;(a), (f)
Tehwnf�ni bqnfu, A9 S33(a), A9 S32(b), A32 S;
Texenwe bqnfu
A�trqttu, A9 S32(e)
BROWARD COUNTY, A32 S25
BUDGETING
Af�wutoentu w�thqwt eqnewttenee qh hw＀＀ ＀ei�u＀atwte,
A5 S3;(e)
Dwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf, A5 S3;(i), A9 S3(e)
Gqxetnqt, teurqnu�b�＀�t{, A6 S3(a), A6 S35
Nei�u＀at�xe Dwfiet Eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S3;(e), (�)
Tefwet�qnu tq oeet texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, A5 S3;(h), A6 S35
State bwfiet�ni rtqeeuueu, A5 S3;, A9 S3(e)
C
CABINET
Arrq�ntoent qt teoqxa＀ qh qhh�eetu, arrtqxa＀, A6 S8(a)
E�x�＀ t�ihtu, teutqtat�qn, A6 S8(a)
E＀eoene{, A6 S8(a)
Eqorqu�t�qn, A6 S6(a)
Eteat�qn, A6 S6(a)
G＀eet�qn qh oeobetu, A6 S5(a)
Gzeewt�xe ferattoentu, uwretx�u�qn, A6 S8
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, fexe＀qroent,
A32 S3;
Koreaehoent qh oeobetu, A5 S39(a)
Knearae�t{ qh Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(b)
Qhh�eeu qh oeobetu, A2 S2
2
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
CABINET (Eqnt0)
Patfqnu, A6 S8(a)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu qh oeobetu, A6 S5(b)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A6 S35
Veto ＀�o�tat�qnu qn oeobetu, A8 S6(b)
Vetou qh oeobetu, A6 S5
V�e xqte aoqni oeobetu, A6 S6(a)
CHILDREN (Eqnt0)
Afqrt�qn qt ＀ei�t�oat�qn, uree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq,
A5 S33(a)
Jwxen�＀e fe＀�nqwene{ rtqeeef�niu, A3 S35(b)
Te＀�eh htqo ＀eia＀ f�uab�＀�t�eu, uree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq,
A5 S33(a)
Vqbaeeq Gfweat�qn anf Ptexent�qn Ptqitao, A32 S29
CAMPAIGN FINANCING, A2 S8(b), A8 S9
CIRCUIT COURTS
(See also EQWTVS)
Afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn, A5 S2(f)
Arrea＀ qh �wfioentu anf qtfetu, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b)
Arre＀＀ate �wt�uf�et�qn, A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b), A5 S22(e)
Eh�eh �wfie
Auu�inoent qh �wfieu, A5 S2(b)
D�ue�r＀�ne rane＀ hqt Swrteoe Eqwtt �wut�ee, A5 S32(e)
Goetiene{ hqur�ta＀�zat�qnu, awthqt�t{ fe＀eiat�qn tq
eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu, A5 S22(e)
Nqeat�qn qh eqwtt rtqeeef�niu, feu�inat�qn, A5 S9,
A5 S22(e)
Teurqnu�b�＀�t�eu, A5 S2(f)
Se＀eet�qn, A5 S2(f)
E＀et�, A5 S36(b), (e), A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Death rena＀t{, A5 S5(b)
D�x�u�qnu, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
Jeat�niu, A5 S9
Jwfieu
(See also JWDGGS)
Eh�eh �wfie, See uwbt�t＀e Eh�eh �wfie, th�u heaf�ni
G＀eet�qn, A5 S32(b), A5 S33(b)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Jwfieu qh abq＀�uhef eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
Met�t ue＀eet�qn, ＀qea＀ qrt�qn, A5 S32(b)
Pwobet, A5 S22(f)
Tetent�qn, ＀qea＀ qrt�qn, A5 S32(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A5 S32(b), A5 S33(b)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S33(b)
Jwf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, See JWDKEKAN EKTEWKVS
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet xeutef �n, A5 S3
Jwt�uf�et�qn, A5 S5(b), A5 S22(e)
Qtian�zat�qn, A5 S5(a)
Ptqueewt�ni qhh�eet, A5 S39
Vt�a＀u, ＀qeat�qn, A5 S9
Yt�tu, rqwet tq �uuwe, A5 S5(b)
CANDIDATES
See GNGEVKQPS
CAPITAL, A2 S2
CAPITAL OFFENSES
Death rena＀t{, A3 S39, A5 S5(b)
Jqo�e�fe x�et�ou, t�ihtu qh nezt qh ��n, A3 S38(b)
Pteuentoent qt �nf�etoent, A3 S35
Ptett�a＀ fetent�qn, A3 S36
CAPITAL PROJECTS
A�trqttu, A9 S32(e)
Dt�fieu, A9 S39
H�zef ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu, bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S33(a), (f)
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, A32 S3;
Jqwu�ni anf te＀atef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S38
Knfwutt�a＀ anf oanwhaetwt�ni r＀antu, A9 S32(e)
Nei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀, A9 S33(h)
Nqea＀ iqxetnoentu, bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S32(e), A9 S32(a)
Qwtfqqt teeteat�qn hae�＀�t�eu, A32 S;(a)
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Pqtt hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn, A32 S;(a), (f)
Tqafu anf h�ihwa{u, A9 S39, A32 S;(b), (e)
Sehqq＀u, A32 S;(a), (f)
State, bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S33(a), (f), A9 S36, A9 S38,
A9 S39, A32 S;
Vtanurqttat�qn t�ihtu/qh/wa{, A9 S39, A32 S3;
Vwtnr��e awthqt�t{, A32 S;(b)
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
CENSUS, A5 S38(a), A8 S3(e), A32 S8, A32 S35
CIVIL ACTIONS
Dehaoat�qn, A3 S6
Dwe rtqeeuu qh ＀aw, A3 S;
Mef�ea＀ oat��wana wue, nqt uwb�eet tq e�x�＀ ＀�ab�＀�t{,
A32 S2;(a)
M�n�owo waie x�q＀at�qnu, A32 S26(e)
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Sw�tu aia�nut utate, A32 S35
Va＀�f�t{ wrqn afqrt�qn qh eqnut�twt�qna＀ tex�u�qn, A32 S9
CERTIORARI, WRIT OF, A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
CHARITIES, A9 S5(a)
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
(See also EADKPGV)
Afo�n�uttat�qn, State Dqatf qh; oeobet, A6 S6(e)
Eab�net, oeobet, A6 S6(a)
Eh�eh h�uea＀ qhh�eet qh utate, A6 S6(e)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ qhh�ee, feu�inat�qn au, A32 S26(a)
G＀eet�qn, A6 S5(a)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Kntetna＀ �ortqxeoent ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Nanf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Naw Gnhqteeoent, Derattoent qh; aiene{ heaf, A6 S6(i)
Qhh�ee ＀qeat�qn, A2 S2
Pqwetu anf fwt�eu, A6 S6(a), (e)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
State hwnfu anf ueewt�t�eu, oa�ntenanee, A6 S6(e)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A6 S5(a)
CIVIL RIGHTS
Dee＀atat�qn qh t�ihtu, A3
Teutqtat�qn, A6 S8(a), A8 S6(a)
Vqt�ni anf e＀eet�qnu, See GNGEVKQPS
CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM, A5 S36
CIVIL TRAFFIC HEARING OFFICERS, A5 S3
CLEMENCY, A6 S8
CLERKS OF CIRCUIT COURTS, A5 S36(b), (e), A5 S38,
A8 S3(f)
CHILDREN
Abqtt�qnu �nxq＀x�ni o�nqtu, rt�qt nqt�h�eat�qn qh ratent,
A32 S22
COAST GUARD, A9 S5(i), A32 S53
5
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
CORPORATIONS
Kneqoe taz, A9 S5(b)
Pwb＀�e etef�t qt taz�ni rqwet �n a�f qh, A9 S32
T�ihtu anf qb＀�iat�qnu, xa＀�f�t{ wrqn afqrt�qn qh
eqnut�twt�qna＀ tex�u�qn, A32 S9
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, A3 S8
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eieu anf �wn�qt eq＀＀eieu, A9 S35(a),
A32 S;(a), (f)
Knut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni, A9 S35(a), A; S3(a),
A32 S;(a)
COUNTIES
Abq＀�uhoent, A8 S3(a)
Af xa＀qteo tazat�qn, A9 S;, A9 S32, A32 S2
A＀eqhq＀�e bexetaie ua＀eu, A8 S5(a), A8 S8(b)
Dqatfu qh eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu
Eqorqu�t�qn, A8 S3(e)
D�utt�etu, A8 S3(e)
G＀eet�qn, A8 S3(e)
Gz qhh�e�q e＀et�u, A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Vetou qh qhh�ee, A8 S3(e)
Dqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
Dtaneh qhh�eeu, A8 S3(�)
Dtqwatf Eqwnt{, u＀qt oaeh�neu �n ez�ut�ni rat�/owtwe＀
hae�＀�t�eu, A32 S25
Ehanie qh, A8 S3(a)
Ehattet, A8 S3(e), (i)
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo, A5 S36
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S5, A8 S8(e)
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, See EQWPVY EQWTVS
Eqwnt{ ueat, A8 S3(�), A8 S8(b)
Eqwtt/arrq�ntef eqwnue＀, hwnf�ni, A5 S36(e)
Eteat�qn, A8 S3(a)
Etef�t, r＀efi�ni, A9 S32
Dafe Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e rqwetu, A8 S8(e), (h)
D�utt�etu, eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnet, A8 S3(e)
Dwxa＀ Eqwnt{, eqnuq＀�fat�qn, A8 S8(e)
G＀eetqtu, A8 S2
G＀eett�e ienetat�qn anf ttanuo�uu�qn hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(f)
H�teatou ua＀eu, et�o�na＀ h�utqt{ teeqtfu ehee� anf wa�t�ni
ret�qf, A8 S5(b)
Hwnfu
Eate, ewutqf{, anf f�ubwtueoent, A8 S3(b)
Ewutqf�an, A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Knxeutoent, A9 S32
Gqxetn�ni bqf�eu, A8 S3(e)
Gqxetnoent
Ehattet, A8 S3(e), (i)
Pqnehattet, A8 S3(h)
J�＀＀ubqtqwih Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e ehattet, A8 S8(e)
Jqoe tw＀e, A8 S8(e), (h)
Knfebtefneuu, eett�h�eateu qh, A9 S32
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Neqn Eqwnt{, ueat qh iqxetnoent, A2 S2
Nqea＀ qrt�qn, a＀eqhq＀�e bexetaie ua＀eu, A8 S5(a), A8 S8(b)
Manfatef ezrenf�twte qh hwnfu, hwnf�ni b{ Nei�u＀atwte,
A9 S38(a)
Meet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(b)
M�ao�/Dafe Eqwnt{, u＀qt oaeh�neu �n ez�ut�ni rat�/owtwe＀
hae�＀�t�eu, A32 S25
Mqntqe Eqwnt{, eqnuq＀�fat�qn, A8 S8(e)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e hwe＀ taz, a＀＀qeat�qn, A32 S;(e)
Mwn�e�ra＀ uetx�eeu, tazeu hqt, A9 S;(b)
Qhh�eetu
Abq＀�uhoent qh qhh�ee, A8 S3(f)
Awf�tqt, A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Dqnf, A2 S5(b)
E＀et� qh e�tew�t eqwtt, A5 S36(b), (e), A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Eqoo�uu�qnetu, See uwbt�t＀e Dqatfu qh eqwnt{
eqoo�uu�qnetu, th�u heaf�ni
Eqorenuat�qn, A2 S5(e)
Eqnt�nwanee �n qhh�ee, A8 S8(e)
G＀eet�qn, A8 S5, A8 S3(f)
Jq＀f�ni qthet qhh�eeu, A2 S5(a)
Qath qh qhh�ee, A2 S5(b)
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
See AGTKEWNVWTG, EQMMKSSKQPGT QH
COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION
See GDWEAVKQP, EQMMKSSKQPGT QH
COMMISSIONS, A5 S3
COMMUNICATIONS, INTERCEPTION, A3 S32
COMMUNITY COLLEGES, A9 S35(a), A32 S;(a), (f)
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, A9 S5(e)
CONSERVATION
Patwta＀ teuqwteeu, See PAVWTAN TGSQWTEGS
CONSTITUTION OF 1885
Dqnfu
Knut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni anf �wn�qt eq＀＀eie ear�ta＀
qwt＀a{, A32 S;(a)
Qwtfqqt teeteat�qn fexe＀qroent, A32 S;(a)
Ptqx�u�qnu teta�nef wnt�＀ ra{oent �n hw＀＀, A32 S8
Tqafu anf h�ihwa{u, A32 S;(e)
Sehqq＀ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{, A32 S;(f)
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, A5 S22(e)
Et�o�na＀ uenteneeu, A32 S9(a)
Dafe Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e ehattet, A8 S8(e)
Gtquu teee�rtu tazeu, A32 S;(a)
J�＀＀ubqtqwih Eqwnt{, hqoe tw＀e ehattet, A8 S8(e)
Jae�uqnx�＀＀e anf Dwxa＀ Eqwnt{, eqnuq＀�fat�qn, A8 S8(e)
Jwfieu, A5 S22(f)
Jwf�e�at{ rtqx�u�qnu, terea＀, A5 S22(a)
Me{ Yeut anf Mqntqe Eqwnt{, eqnuq＀�fat�qn, A8 S8(e)
Nqea＀ iqxetnoent, A8 S8(a), (e)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e hwe＀ tazeu, A32 S;(e)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu, A32 S;(f)
Ptqx�u�qnu eqnh＀�et�ni w�th tex�u�qn, A32 S39
Ptqx�u�qnu texett�ni tq utatwteu, A5 S22(i), A32 S32
Ptqx�u�qnu uwretuefef, A32 S3
Swret�ntenfentu qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn, A32 S5(b), A32 S8(b)
Vazeu, rena＀t�eu, h�neu, anf hqthe�twteu qwef tq utate,
A32 S9(a)
CONSTITUTION REVISION COMMISSION, A2 S5(a),
A33 S2, A33 S5(a)
CONSTITUTION (UNITED STATES)
See WPKVGD SVAVGS
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, A2 S5(a), A33 S6,
A33 S5(a)
CONSTRUCTION, RULES OF, A32 S32
CONTEMPT, A5 S6(f), A5 S5
CONTRACTS
Nawu �ora�t�ni, A3 S32
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Va＀�f�t{ wrqn afqrt�qn qh eqnut�twt�qna＀ tex�u�qn, A32 S9
6
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
COUNTY COURTS (Eqnt0)
Jwt�uf�et�qn, A5 S8(b), A5 S22(e)
Nqeat�qn, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
Qtian�zat�qn, A5 S8(a)
Vt�a＀u, ＀qeat�qn, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
COUNTIES (Eqnt0)
Qhh�eetu (Eqnt0)
Qhh�ee anf teeqtfu, ＀qeat�qn, A8 S3(�)
Pethqtoanee qh own�e�ra＀ hwnet�qnu, A8 S8(b)
Pqwetu anf fwt�eu, A2 S5(b), (e)
Ptqrett{ arrta�uet, A8 S3(f)
Ptqueewt�ni attqtne{, A5 S22(f)
Teeqtfet, A5 S38, A8 S3(f)
Se＀eet�qn, A8 S3(f), A8 S8(b)
Shet�hh, A8 S3(f)
Sq＀�e�tqt, A5 S22(f)
Swretx�uqt qh e＀eet�qnu, A8 S3(f)
Swurenu�qn, A6 S9(a), (b)
Vaz eq＀＀eetqt, A8 S3(f)
Vetou qh qhh�ee, A8 S3(f)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A6 S3(h)
Qtf�naneeu
Ehattet iqxetnoent, A8 S3(i)
Eqoown�t{ anf eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent taz ezeort�qnu,
A9 S5(e)
Eqnh＀�et w�th own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu, A8 S3(h), (i)
Ghheet�xe fate, A8 S3(�)
J�utqt�e rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(f), A9 S6(e), A32 S22
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz ezeort�qn hqt e＀fet＀{ retuqnu,
A9 S8(f)
Nqea＀ ＀awu, aoenfoent qt terea＀, A8 S8(f)
Pqnehattet iqxetnoent, A8 S3(h)
V�q＀at�qnu, A8 S3(�)
Pat�/owtwe＀ taz texenwe, A9 S9
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu' qhh�eeu, hwnf�ni, A5 S36(e)
Teeqtf�ni qh fqewoentu, A8 S3(�)
Tefwet�qn qh awthqt�t{ tq ta�ue texenwe, ＀ei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀,
A9 S38(b)
Tqafu anf h�ihwa{u, A32 S;(e)
Seeqnf iau taz, a＀＀qeat�qn, A32 S;(e)
Se＀h/iqxetnoent rqwetu, A8 S3(h), (i)
State a�f, A9 S8
State attqtne{u' qhh�eeu, hwnf�ni, A5 S36(e)
State taz texenweu, ＀ei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀ qh tefwet�qn,
A9 S38(e)
Statwu, eqnt�nwat�qn wrqn afqrt�qn qh Eqnut�twt�qn, A8 S8(b)
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Vazeu, A9 S6(h), A9 S;, A32 S2
Vaz�ni rqwet, ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S32, A8 S3(h)
Vtanuhet qh hwnet�qn qt rqwet, A8 S6
Vt�a＀ eqwttu, hwnf�ni, A5 S36(e)
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
COURTS
Aeeeuu tq, A3 S23
Afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn, A5 S2
Arrea＀u, A5 S2(a), A5 S5, A5 S6, A5 S5(b)
Arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu, See DKSVTKEV EQWTVS QH APPGAN
Attqtne{u, afo�uu�qn tq rtaet�ee anf f�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S35
Dat, See HNQTKDA DAT
Dwfiet�ni rtqeeuueu, A5 S3;(a), (e)
Eh�eh afo�n�uttat�xe qhh�eetu, A5 S2(b)
E�tew�t eqwttu, See EKTEWKV EQWTVS
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, See EQWPVY EQWTVS
Eqwttu/oatt�a＀, A3 S35(a), A3 S38, A5 S3
D�uo�uua＀ qh eawue, �ortqret teoef{ uqwiht, A5 S2(a)
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, See DKSVTKEV EQWTVS QH
APPGAN
D�x�u�qnu, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
Gutab＀�uhoent, A5 S3
Hwnf�ni, A5 S36
Geneta＀＀{, A5
Jeat�niu, A5 S9
Jwfieu anf �wut�eeu, See JWDGGS
Jwf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, See JWDKEKAN EKTEWKVS
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu, A5 S33, A5 S22(e)
Jwf�e�a＀ qhh�ee, �wut�eeu, anf �wfieu; eqnuttwet�qn qh tetou,
A32 S32(h)
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet, A2 S5, A5 S3
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A2 S8(h), A5 S32,
A5 S22(e)
Jwt�eu anf �wtqtu, See JWTKGS
Jwt�uf�et�qn
Abq＀�uhef eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
E�tew�t eqwttu, A5 S5(b), A5 S22(e)
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, A5 S8(b), A5 S22(e)
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, A5 S6(b), A5 S22(e)
Mwn�e�ra＀ eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
Swrteoe Eqwtt, A5 S5(b), A5 S22(e)
Vtanuhet, �wt�uf�et�qn qh eqwtt �ortqx�fent＀{ �nxq�ef,
A5 S2(a)
Jwut�ee afo�n�uttat�qn w�thqwt ua＀e, fen�a＀, qt fe＀a{, A3 S23
M�＀�tat{ eqwttu, A3 S35(a)
Mwn�e�ra＀ eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
Qren hqt tefteuu qh �n�wt{, A3 S23
P＀ann�ni rtqeeuueu anf r＀ann�ni fqewoentu, A5 S3;(a), (h)
Teeqtfu qh �wf�e�a＀ btaneh, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26
Tw＀eu qh rtaet�ee anf rtqeefwte, A5 S2(a), A5 S33(f)
Swrteoe Eqwtt, See SWPTGMG EQWTV
Vtanu�t�qn rtqx�u�qnu, A5 S22
Vt�a＀u, See VTKANS
Yt�tu, rqwet tq �uuwe, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
COUNTY COURTS
(See also EQWTVS)
Afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn, A5 S2(f)
Arrea＀ qh �wfioentu anf qtfetu, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b)
E＀et�u, A5 S36(b), (e), A5 S38, A5 S22(e)
D�x�u�qnu, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
H�neu anf hqthe�twteu, A5 S22(e)
Jeat�niu, A5 S9
Jwfieu
(See also JWDGGS)
Dat oeobetuh�r, A5 S8, A5 S22(e), (f)
G＀eet�qn, A5 S32(b), A5 S33(b)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Jwfieu qh abq＀�uhef eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
Met�t ue＀eet�qn, ＀qea＀ qrt�qn, A5 S32(b)
Pqn�wf�e�a＀ fwt�eu, A5 S22(h)
Pwobet, A5 S8(a), A5 S22(f)
Tetent�qn, ＀qea＀ qrt�qn, A5 S32(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A5 S32(b), A5 S33(b)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S33(b)
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet xeutef �n, A5 S3
COVERTURE, A32 S5
CREDIT, PLEDGING OF
Jqwu�ni bqnfu, A9 S38(b)
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t{, A9 S32
State bqnfu, A9 S33(a), (e), A9 S36(a), A9 S39, A32 S;
CRIMINAL OFFENSES
Aeewuef, t�ihtu qh, A3 S38(a), A3 S3;
D�＀＀u qh atta�nfet, A3 S32, A3 S39
Dteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut, A2 S8(f)
Eqwnt{ qtf�nanee x�q＀at�qnu, A8 S3(�)
Et�o�na＀ utatwteu, ehheet qh terea＀ qt aoenfoent, A32 S;
Dehaoat�qn, A3 S6
Gz rqut haetq ＀awu, A3 S32
5
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
D
CRIMINAL OFFENSES (Eqnt0)
He＀qn{
Deh�n�t�qn, A32 S32
D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn htqo xqte anf rwb＀�e qhh�ee, A8 S6(a)
Ptqueewt�qn, A3 S35(a)
Pwb＀�e qhh�eet qt eor＀q{ee, hqthe�twte qh tet�teoent t�ihtu
anf rt�x�＀eieu, A2 S8(f)
Htawf, �ort�uqnoent hqt febt, A3 S33
Janfiwn rwtehaueu, wa�t�ni ret�qf x�q＀at�qnu, A3 S8(e)
Jqo�e�fe x�et�ou, t�ihtu qh nezt qh ��n, A3 S38(b)
Jwxen�＀e qhhenfetu, A3 S35(b)
Mat�ne net h�uh�ni x�q＀at�qnu, A32 S38(e)
Pena＀t�eu, See PWPKSJMGPV
P�iu, etwe＀ anf �nhwoane eqnh�neoent fwt�ni rteinane{,
A32 S23(f)
Ptqueewt�qn, See ETKMKPAN PTQSGEWVKQP
Vteauqn, A3 S22, A6 S8(b)
V�et�ou' t�ihtu, A3 S38(b)
DEATH PENALTY
See EAPKVAN QHHGPSGS
DEBT
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, A32 S6(a)
Kort�uqnoent hqt, A3 S33
Pwb＀�e febt
Dqnf h�nane�ni, See DQPDS
Eett�h�eateu qh �nfebtefneuu, A9 S32
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S5
Eqwnt�eu, A8 S3(a)
Knewttef wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S8
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, A8 S2(a)
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, A3
DEEDS OF TRUST, A9 S2
CRIMINAL PROSECUTION
Aeewuef, t�ihtu qh, A3 S38(a), A3 S3;
Ear�ta＀ et�oe, A3 S35(a)
Eqoown�eat�qnu, wnteauqnab＀e �nteteert�qn qh, A3 S32
Equtu, ra{oent b{ aeewuef, A3 S3;
Eqwnue＀, t�iht tq, A3 S38(a)
Eqwnt{ qtf�nanee x�q＀at�qnu, A8 S3(�)
Et�o�na＀ utatwteu, ehheet qh terea＀ qt aoenfoent, A32 S;
Dehaoat�qn, A3 S6
Dehenfantu, t�ihtu qh, A3 S38(a), A3 S3;
Dqwb＀e �eqratf{, A3 S;
Dwe rtqeeuu qh ＀aw, A3 S;
Gx�fenee, �nafo�uu�b＀e, A3 S32
He＀qn�eu, A3 S35(a)
Gtanf �wt{, A3 S35(a)
Knf�etoent qt �nhqtoat�qn, A3 S35(a), A3 S38(a)
Jwtqtu, A3 S22, A5 S33(a)
Jwxen�＀e qhhenfetu, A3 S35(b)
Mef�ea＀ oat��wana wue, nqt uwb�eet tq et�o�na＀ ＀�ab�＀�t{,
A32 S2;(a)
Pena＀t�eu, See PWPKSJMGPV
Ptett�a＀ te＀eaue anf fetent�qn, A3 S36
Seateh anf ue�zwte, wnteauqnab＀e, A3 S32
Seateh wattantu, A3 S32
Se＀h/�net�o�nat�qn, A3 S;
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Statew�fe rtqueewtqt, A6 S6(b)
Vteauqn, A3 S22
Vt�a＀ b{ �wt{, A3 S38(a), A3 S22
Venwe, A3 S38(a), A5 S33(a)
V�et�ou' t�ihtu, A3 S38(b)
Y�tneuu aia�nut qneue＀h, A3 S;
Y�tneuueu, A3 S;, A3 S38(a)
DISABLED PERSONS
D�uet�o�nat�qn, A3 S2
Vaz ezeort�qnu, A9 S5(b), A9 S8(e)
DISTRICT COURTS OF APPEAL
(See also EQWTVS)
Afo�n�uttat�xe aet�qn, f�teet tex�ew, A5 S6(b)
Afo�n�uttat�xe uwretx�u�qn, A5 S2(e)
Arrea＀ qh fee�u�qnu, A5 S5(b)
Arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu
Eqwtt uetx�ni, A5 S6(a)
Gutab＀�uhoent, A5 S3, A5 S22(e)
Tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
Swrteoe Eqwtt �wut�eeu, teu�fene{, A5 S5(a)
Eaue eqnu�fetat�qn, nwobet qh �wfieu teqw�tef, A5 S6(a)
Eett�h�eat�qn qh eaueu hqt Swrteoe Eqwtt tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Eh�eh �wfieu, A5 S2(e)
E＀et�u, A5 S6(e)
Eqwtt/oatt�a＀ fee�u�qnu, tex�ew, A5 S3
Dee�u�qnu, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(a)
D�x�u�qnu, A5 S9, A5 S22(e)
H�na＀ �wfioentu anf qtfetu, tex�ew, A5 S6(b)
Kntet＀qewtqt{ qtfetu, tex�ew, A5 S6(b)
Jwfieu
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Pwobet, A5 S6(b)
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu, A5 S33(f)
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet xeutef �n, A5 S3
Jwt�uf�et�qn, A5 S6(b), A5 S22(e)
Matuha＀u, A5 S6(e)
M�＀�tat{ ＀aw qweut�qnu, afx�uqt{ qr�n�qnu, A5 S2(a)
Qtian�zat�qn, A5 S6(a)
Ptqeeuu, A5 S6(e)
Tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, A5 S33(f)
Vt�a＀ eqwtt �wfioentu anf qtfetu, tex�ew, A5 S6(b)
Yt�tu, rqwet tq �uuwe, A5 S6(b)
CURTESY, A32 S5
CUSTODIAN OF STATE RECORDS
Dqewoentu teee�xef anf oa�nta�nef
Eqnut�twt�qn tex�u�qn rtqrqua＀u, A33 S2(e), A33 S6(b)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent �n�t�at�xe ret�t�qnu, A33 S5
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn ret�t�qnu, A33 S6(a)
Eqwnt{ qtf�naneeu, A8 S3(�)
H�nane�a＀ �nteteutu f�ue＀quwteu, A2 S8(�)
Gqxetnqt'u eett�h�eateu qh �nearae�t{ qt earae�t{, A6 S5(b)
Gqxetnqt'u ezeewt�xe qtfetu qh e＀eoene{, A6 S8(a)
Gqxetnqt'u qb�eet�qnu tq xetqef b�＀＀u, A5 S8(b)
Gqxetnqt'u qtfetu qh uwurenu�qn qh qhh�eetu, A6 S9(a)
Jwf�e�a＀ arrqtt�qnoent qtfetu, A5 S38(b), (h)
Jwf�e�a＀ oet�t ue＀eet�qn anf tetent�qn ret�t�qnu, A5 S32(b)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn rtqrqua＀u,
A33 S8(e)
Swbut�twt�qn hqt teto ¬ueetetat{ qh utate¹, A32 S26(b)
DISTRICTS
Arre＀＀ate, See DKSVTKEV EQWTVS QH APPGAN
Eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie, A32 S;(f)
Eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnet, A8 S3(e)
Nei�u＀at�xe, A5 S3, A5 S35(a), (e), A5 S38(a)
Sehqq＀, See SEJQQN DKSVTKEVS
Sree�a＀, See SPGEKAN DKSVTKEVS
DIVORCE, A5 S33(a)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY, A3 S;
DOWER, A32 S5
8
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
DUE PROCESS OF LAW, A3 S;
Index
ELECTIONS (Eqnt0)
Eanf�fateu (Eqnt0)
Pwb＀�e h�nane�ni qh eaora�inu hqt utatew�fe qhh�eeu, A8 S9
Eqoown�t{ anf eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent taz ezeort�qn
qtf�naneeu, awthqt�zat�qn, A9 S5(e)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn, A33 S5
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn qweut�qn, A33 S6
Eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu, A8 S3(e)
Eqwnt{ qhh�eetu, A8 S3(f)
D�utt�etu, A8 S8
G＀eetqtu
D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn, A8 S6(a)
Hteehq＀fetu, A9 S;(b), A9 S32(a)
Qath, A8 S5
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A8 S2, A8 S6(a)
Tei�uttat�qn, A8 S3, A8 S5, A8 S8
Vqte qh e＀eetqtu, feh�n�t�qn, A32 S32(f)
Vqt�ni �n rt�oat{ e＀eet�qnu, A8 S5(b)
Geneta＀ e＀eet�qnu
Eab�net oeobetu, A6 S5(a)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn, A33 S5(a)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn qweut�qn, A33 S6(b)
Date, A8 S5
Goetiene{, uwurenu�qn qt fe＀a{, A8 S5
Gqxetnqt anf N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, A6 S5
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5
Y�nnet feteto�nat�qn, A8 S3
Gqxetnqt, A6 S5
Jwfieu, A5 S32, A5 S33(b)
Nei�u＀atqtu, A5 S3, A5 S2, A5 S35
N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(a)
Mwn�e�ra＀ e＀eet�qnu, A8 S8
Pq＀�t�ea＀ ratt{ hwnet�qnu, A8 S3
Pt�oat{ e＀eet�qnu, A6 S5(a), A8 S5(b)
Tehetenfa, A5 S32, A8 S5, A9 S5(e), A32 S25(a)
Tei�uttat�qn, A8 S3, A8 S5
Sehqq＀ bqatfu, A; S6(a)
Seetet xqte, A8 S3
Sree�a＀ e＀eet�qnu
A＀eqhq＀�e bexetaie ua＀eu, A8 S5(a)
Eqoown�t{ anf eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent taz ezeort�qn
qtf�naneeu, A9 S5(e)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent qt tex�u�qn, A33 S5(a)
Eqwnt{ ehattet, A8 S3(e)
Teiw＀at�qn, A8 S5
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5
Swretx�uqtu qh e＀eet�qnu, A8 S3(f)
Vaz awthqt�zat�qn, A9 S;(b)
Veto ＀�o�tat�qn, eetta�n e＀eet�xe qhh�eeu, A8 S6(b)
Vqte qh the e＀eetqtu, feh�n�t�qn, A32 S32(f)
DUVAL COUNTY, A8 S8(e)
E
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, A9 S5(e)
EDUCATION
Arrq�nt�xe bqatfu, tetou qh oeobetu, A; S5
Dqnf h�nane�ni
Ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu, A9 S32, A32 S;(a), (f)
Stwfent ＀qanu, A9 S35
Ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ hwnfu, A32 S;(a), (f)
E＀auu u�ze ＀�o�tu, A; S3(a)
Eqoo�uu�qnet qh Gfweat�qn, See GDWEAVKQP,
EQMMKSSKQPGT QH
Eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eieu anf �wn�qt eq＀＀eieu, A9 S35(a),
A32 S;(a), (f)
Htee rwb＀�e uehqq＀u, A; S3(a), A; S2, A; S6(b), A; S8
Jea＀th/te＀atef tta�n�ni �nut�twt�qnu, A9 S35(a)
Knut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni, A9 S35(a), A; S3(a),
A32 S;(a)
Jq�nt efweat�qna＀ rtqitaou, A; S6(b)
Nqttet�eu, A32 S35
Pte��nfetiatten efweat�qn, A; S3(b), (e)
Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qn, A9 S5(a)
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn u{uteo, A; S3(a), A; S2
Sehqq＀ bqatfu, A; S6, A; S5, A32 S;(f)
Sehqq＀ f�utt�etu, See SEJQQN DKSVTKEVS
State Dqatf qh Gfweat�qn, A; S2, A32 S;(a), (f)
State uehqq＀ hwnf, A; S8
Stwfent ＀qanu, A9 S35
Swret�ntenfentu qh rwb＀�e �nuttwet�qn, A32 S6, A32 S5,
A32 S8(b)
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5, A32 S5, A32 S8(b)
Vazeu
Gtquu teee�rtu taz, wt�＀�t{ uetx�eeu, A32 S;(a)
Ptqrett{ taz ezeort�qn, A9 S5(a)
Sehqq＀ f�utt�et, A9 S8(a), A9 S;, A; S6(b)
S＀qt oaeh�ne texenweu, A32 S25(b)
Vqbaeeq Gfweat�qn anf Ptexent�qn Ptqitao, A32 S29
Vqeat�qna＀ tta�n�ni uehqq＀u, A9 S35(a), A32 S;(a)
EDUCATION, COMMISSIONER OF
Arrq�ntoent, A; S2
State Wn�xetu�t{ S{uteo Statew�fe Dqatf qh Gqxetnqtu,
oeobetuh�r, A; S9(f)
Statwteu wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, arr＀�eab�＀�t{, A32 S8(b)
Swret�ntenfent qh Pwb＀�e Knuttwet�qn, ttanuhet qh qhh�ee,
A32 S6
ELECTIONS, SUPERVISORS OF, A8 S3(f)
EDUCATION, STATE BOARD OF, A; S2, A32 S;(a), (f)
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FACILITIES, A9 S32(f)
ELDERLY AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF, A6 S32
EMERGENCIES
Dwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf, w�thftawa＀u, A5 S3;(i)
Eqnt�nw�t{ qh iqxetnoent, oeauwteu tq enuwte, A2 S8
G＀eet�qnu, uwurenu�qn qt fe＀a{, A8 S5
Jabeau eqtrwu, uwurenu�qn qh wt�t, A3 S35
Seat qh iqxetnoent, ttanuhet, A2 S2
ELDERLY PERSONS
Vaz ezeort�qnu, A9 S6(h), A9 S8(f), (e), A32 S28, A32 S58
ELECTIONS
A＀eqhq＀�e bexetaie ua＀eu, ＀qea＀ qrt�qn, A8 S5(a)
Dqnf h�nane�ni arrtqxa＀, A9 S33(a), A9 S32(a)
Eab�net oeobetu, A6 S5(a)
Eanf�fateu
Eaora�in h�naneeu, f�ue＀quwte, A2 S8(b)
Eaora�in urenf�ni ＀�o�tu hqt utatew�fe qhh�eeu, A8 S9
Eqniteuu�qna＀ f�utt�etu haxqt�ni �newobentu, A5 S22
H�nane�a＀ �nteteutu, f�ue＀quwte, A2 S8
Nei�u＀at�xe f�utt�etu haxqt�ni �newobentu, A5 S23
M�nqt ratt{ qt nqnratt{ eanf�fateu, A8 S3
EMINENT DOMAIN, A32 S8
ENEMY ATTACK
See KPVASKQP
ENERGY
G＀eett�ea＀ eneti{ hae�＀�t�eu, rwb＀�e uwrrqtt, A9 S32(f)
Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu, tazat�qn, A9 S6(�),
A32 S3;, A32 S2;, A32 S56
9
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
FIREARMS (Eqnt0)
Ya�t�ni ret�qf between rwtehaue anf fe＀�xet{,
A3 S8(b), (e), (f), A8 S5(b)
ENERGY (Eqnt0)
Sq＀at fex�eeu, tazat�qn, A32 S56
ENGLISH, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE, A2 S;
FIRST RESPONDERS
Jqoeuteaf taz ezeort�qn hqt f�uab＀ef h�tut teurqnfet
�n�wtef �n ＀�ne qh fwt{, A9 S8(h), A32 S55
Jqoeuteaf taz ezeort�qn hqt uwtx�x�ni urqwue qh h�tut
teurqnfet ��＀＀ef �n ＀�ne qh fwt{, A9 S8(h), A32 S55
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
See PAVWTAN TGSQWTEGS
EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW, A3 S2
FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION,
A6 S;, A32 S25
ESTATE TAX, A9 S5(a)
ETHICS, COMMISSION ON, A2 S8
FISHING
Eqooete�a＀ h�uh�ni rtqrett{, taz auueuuoentu, A9 S6(�),
A32 S52
Dqewoent eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt hab�tat rtqteet�qn,
A32 S28(b)
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;,
A32 S25
Gaoe anf Hteuh Yatet H�uh Eqoo�uu�qn, A32 S25
Mat�ne H�uhet�eu Eqoo�uu�qn, A32 S25
Mat�ne net h�uh�ni, ＀�o�tat�qnu, A32 S38
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq hteuhwatet h�uh�ni, A5 S33(a),
A6 S;
ETHICS IN GOVERNMENT, A2 S8, A5 S38
EVERGLADES, A2 S9(b), A32 S39, A32 S28(b)
EVIDENCE
Dehaoat�qn, A3 S6
Knafo�uu�b＀e, A3 S32
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Vteauqn, A3 S22
EX POST FACTO LAWS, A3 S32
FLAG (STATE), A2 S6
EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT
Gzeewt�xe rqwet, A2 S5, A6 S3(a)
Geneta＀＀{, A6
P＀ann�ni rtqeeuueu anf r＀ann�ni fqewoentu, A5 S3;(a), (h)
Pwb＀�e teeqtfu anf oeet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26
FLORIDA BAR
Attqtne{ Geneta＀, A6 S5(b)
Attqtne{u, afo�uu�qn anf f�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S35
Eqwnt{ eqwtt �wfieu, A5 S8, A5 S22(e), (f)
Jwfieu, A5 S8
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn oeobetu, A5 S22(e)
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn oeobetu, A5 S32(a), (h)
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu, A5 S38
State attqtne{u, A5 S39
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS, A6 S8, A32 S38
EXECUTIVE POWER, A2 S5, A6 S3(a)
F
FREEDOM OF PRESS, A3 S6
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
See WPKVGD SVAVGS
FREEDOM OF RELIGION, A3 S5
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, A3 S6
FELONIES
See ETKMKPAN QHHGPSGS
G
FINANCE
Arrtqrt�at�qn qh utate hwnfu, See APPTQPTKAVKQPS
Dqnfu, See DQPDS
Geneta＀＀{, A9
Texenwe, See TGVGPWG
State hwnfu, See SVAVG HWPDS
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, A2 S5(a),
A33 S5(a), A33 S8
Vazeu, See VAZAVKQP
Vtwut hwnfu, See VTWSV HWPDS (PWDNKE)
GAMBLING
Nqttet�eu, A32 S9, A32 S35
Pat�/owtwe＀ rqq＀u, A32 S9
Pat�/owtwe＀ tazeu, A9 S9
S＀qt oaeh�neu, A32 S25
GAME AND FRESH WATER FISH COMMISSION, A32 S25
GENERAL PROVISIONS, A2
FINES AND FORFEITURES
(See also PWPKSJMGPV)
Afo�n�uttat�xe rena＀t�eu, A3 S38
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, A5 S22(e)
Gzeeuu�xe, A3 S39
M�n�owo waie x�q＀at�qnu, A32 S26(e)
Qw�ni wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S9(a)
Teo�uu�qn, A5 S33(a), A6 S8(a)
Swurenu�qn, A6 S8(a)
GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY TASK FORCE, A5 S3;(�)
GOVERNOR
Aet�ni, A6 S5(b)
Afo�n�uttat�qn, State Dqatf qh; eha�t, A6 S6(e)
Afx�uqt{ qr�n�qnu htqo Swrteoe Eqwtt, A6 S3(e)
Arrq�ntoentu
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S2(a), (b)
Gfweat�qn, State Dqatf qh, A; S2
Gzeewt�xe qhh�eetu qt bqatfu, A6 S8
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;
Gqxetnoent Ghh�e�ene{ Vau� Hqtee, A5 S3;(�)
Jwfieu, A5 S33(a), (b), (e)
FIREARMS
T�iht tq beat atou, A3 S8(a)
Sa＀eu, et�o�na＀ h�utqt{ teeqtfu ehee�, A8 S5(b)
8
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
HANDICAPPED PERSONS
Dert�xat�qn qh t�ihtu, A3 S2
Vaz ezeort�qnu, A9 S5(b), A9 S8(e)
GOVERNOR (Eqnt0)
Arrq�ntoentu (Eqnt0)
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S22(e)
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S32(a)
M�＀�t�a qhh�eetu, A32 S2(e)
State wn�xetu�t�eu, ＀qea＀ bqatfu qh ttwuteeu, A; S9(e)
State Wn�xetu�t{ S{uteo Statew�fe Dqatf qh Gqxetnqtu,
A; S9(f)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S8(a)
Vaeane�eu �n utate qt ＀qea＀ qhh�eeu, A5 S39(b), A6 S3(h),
A6 S9
D�＀＀u
Gzeewt�xe arrtqxa＀, A5 S8(a)
Vetq, A5 S8, A5 S;, A5 S3;(b)
Dwfiet�ni, A6 S3(a), A6 S35
Earae�t{, teutqtat�qn, A6 S5(b)
E�x�＀ t�ihtu, teutqtat�qn, A6 S8(a)
E＀eoene{, A6 S8(a), (b)
Eqooanfet/�n/eh�eh, o�＀�tat{ hqteeu, A6 S3(a)
G＀eet�qn, A6 S5(a), (b)
Gzeewt�xe ferattoentu, uwretx�u�qn, A6 S8
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, fexe＀qroent,
A32 S3;
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a), A6 S5(b)
Koreaehoent tt�a＀, rteu�f�ni qhh�eet, A5 S39(e)
Knearae�t{ tq uetxe, A6 S5(b)
Kntetna＀ �ortqxeoent ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Jwf�e�a＀ rtqeeef�niu, �n�t�at�qn, A6 S3(b)
Nanf aeqw�u�t�qn ttwut hwnf, ttwutee, A6 S6(h)
Naw Gnhqteeoent, Derattoent qh; aiene{ heaf, A6 S6(i)
Nei�u＀atwte
Af�qwtnoent qh ueuu�qn, A5 S5(h)
Arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qnu, eqnxen�ni, A5 S38(a), (f)
Meet�niu between Gqxetnqt anf ＀ei�u＀at�xe ＀eafetuh�r,
qren tq rwb＀�e, A5 S6(e)
Meuuaie qn eqnf�t�qn qh utate, A6 S3(e)
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qn, eqnxen�ni, A5 S5(e)
Vetq qh b�＀＀u, A5 S8, A5 S;, A5 S3;(b)
N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, auu�inoent qh fwt�eu, A6 S2
M�＀�t�a, ea＀＀�ni qwt, A6 S3(f)
Qhh�ee ＀qeat�qn, A2 S2
Patfqnu, A6 S8(a), (b)
P＀ann�ni, A5 S3;(h), A6 S3(a)
Pqwetu, ieneta＀＀{, A6 S3
Ptqe＀aoat�qnu
Arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qnu qh Nei�u＀atwte, eqnxen�ni,
A5 S38(a), (f)
Seat qh iqxetnoent, ttanuhet, A2 S2
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qn qh Nei�u＀atwte, eqnxen�ni, A5 S5(e)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A6 S35
Seat qh iqxetnoent, eoetiene{ ttanuhet, A2 S2
Swrteoe ezeewt�xe rqwet, A6 S3(a)
Swurenu�qn qh qhh�eetu, A6 S9
Veto ＀�o�tat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A6 S5(a), (b)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A6 S5(a)
HEAD OF FAMILY, A9 S5(b)
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
Afxetue oef�ea＀ �ne�fentu, rat�entu' t�iht tq �nqw, A32 S25
HEALTH, DEPARTMENT OF
Mef�ea＀ oat��wana wue, teiw＀at�qn, A32 S2;(f)
HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM,
A32 S3;
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, A8 S8(e)
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Af xa＀qteo taz auueuuoentu anf ezeort�qnu, A9 S5(f),
A9 S6(e), A32 S22
Dqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S33(e)
Dqewoentu eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt rtqteet�qn,
A32 S28(b)
HOME RULE CHARTERS
Dafe Eqwnt{, A8 S8(e)
J�＀＀ubqtqwih Eqwnt{, A8 S8(e)
HOMESTEAD PROPERTY
A＀�enat�qn, A32 S6(e)
Eqnfqo�n�wou, A9 S8(a)
Eqnttaetwa＀ qb＀�iat�qnu, A32 S6(a)
Dex�ue, A32 S6(e)
Gqw�tab＀e t�t＀e, A9 S8(a)
Gutate b{ the ent�tet{, A9 S8(a), A32 S6(e)
Gzeort�qnu
Hqteef ua＀e, A32 S6(a), (b)
Jwfioent ＀�en, A32 S6(a), (b)
Vazat�qn
D�uab＀ef h�tut teurqnfetu, A9 S8(h), A32 S55
G＀fet＀{ retuqnu, A9 S6(h), A9 S8(f), (e), A32 S28,
A32 S58
Geneta＀＀{, A9 S8, A32 S29
M�＀�tat{ retuqnne＀ fer＀q{ef �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{
qretat�qnu, A9 S5(i), A32 S53
Swtx�x�ni urqwueu qh feeeauef xetetanu qt h�tut
teurqnfetu, A9 S8(h), A32 S55
Gztent qh rtqrett{, A32 S6(a)
Je�tu qh qwnet, A32 S6(b)
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r, A9 S8(a)
Neauehq＀f, A9 S8(a)
Neia＀ t�t＀e, A9 S8(a)
Tentetu, A9 S8(e)
Stqe� qwnetuh�r, A9 S8(a)
Swtx�x�ni urqwue, A9 S8(h), A32 S6(b), A32 S55
Vazeu anf auueuuoentu
Ehanie qh auueuuoentu, A9 S6(f)
Jwut xa＀we anf ＀euu than �wut xa＀we auueuuoentu,
A9 S6(f), A9 S8(a)
N�o�tat�qn qn auueuuoentu (Saxe/Qwt/Jqoeu
rtqx�u�qnu), A9 S6(f)
N�x�ni qwattetu hqt ratentu qt itanfratentu, tefwet�qn qh
auueuuoentu, A9 S6(h)
Pew hqoeuteafu, ttanuhet qh Saxe/Qwt/Jqoeu beneh�tu,
A9 S6(f), A32 S29
Sa＀e hqt tazeu, A32 S6(a)
Vaz ezeort�qnu, See uwbt�t＀e Gzeort�qnu uwb/uwbt�t＀e
Vazat�qn, th�u heaf�ni
Vetetanu f�uab＀ef fwe tq eqobat �n�wt{, rtqrett{ taz
f�ueqwnt, A9 S8(e), A32 S52
GRAND JURIES, A3 S35(a)
GRIEVANCES, PETITION FOR REDRESS OF, A3 S5
H
HABEAS CORPUS
E�tew�t eqwttu, A5 S5(b)
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, A5 S6(b)
Gtantab＀e qh t�iht, A3 S35
Swrteoe Eqwtt, A5 S5(b)
Swurenu�qn, A3 S35
;
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
HOMOSEXUAL PERSONS
Saoe/uez oatt�aie, �nxa＀�f�t{, A3 S29
Index
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT TRUST FUND, A6 S6(h)
INVASION
Eqnt�nw�t{ qh iqxetnoent, oeauwteu tq enuwte, A2 S8
Jabeau eqtrwu, uwurenu�qn qh wt�t, A3 S35
M�＀�t�a, ea＀＀�ni qwt, A6 S3(a)
Seat qh iqxetnoent, ttanuhet, A2 S2
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
See NGGKSNAVWTG
HOUSING BONDS, A9 S38, A32 S38
HUNTING, A5 S33(a), A6 S;
J
HURRICANES
Y�nf faoaie teu�utanee �ortqxeoentu, tazat�qn, A9 S6(�),
A32 S2;
JACKSONVILLE, CITY OF, A8 S8(e)
JEOPARDY, DOUBLE, A3 S;
I
JOINT OWNERSHIP
Gqxetnoenta＀ bqf{ w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, A9 S8(a)
IMPEACHMENT
Aeqw�tta＀, A5 S39(b), (e)
Eab�net oeobetu, A5 S39(a)
E�x�＀ teurqnu�b�＀�t{ qh �oreaehef qhh�eet, A5 S39(e)
E＀eoene{, A6 S8(a)
Eqnx�et�qn, A5 S39(e)
Et�o�na＀ teurqnu�b�＀�t{ qh �oreaehef qhh�eet, A5 S39(e)
D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn htqo qhh�ee, A5 S39(b), (e)
Gqxetnqt, A5 S39(a), A6 S5(b)
Jqwue qh Terteuentat�xeu, rqwet tq �oreaeh, A5 S39
Jwut�eeu anf �wfieu, A5 S39(a), A5 S32(f)
N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, A5 S39(a)
M�ufeoeanqt �n qhh�ee, A5 S39(a)
Qhh�eetu ＀�ab＀e tq �oreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Pqwet, A5 S39(a)
Pteu�f�ni qhh�eet, �oreaehoent tt�a＀, A5 S39(e)
Senate tt�a＀, A5 S39(b), (e)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, teorqtat{ arrq�ntoent, A5 S39(b)
Vqte, A5 S39(a), (e)
JUDGES
Aie ＀�o�t, A5 S8, A5 S22(e)
Arrq�ntoent, A5 S33(a), (b), (e)
Dat oeobetuh�r, A5 S8, A5 S22(e), (f)
E�tew�t eqwttu, See EKTEWKV EQWTVS
Eqnuetxatqtu qh the reaee, A5 S3;
Eqwnt{ eqwttu, See EQWPVY EQWTVS
D�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S32
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, A5 S39(a), A5 S6(a)
G＀eet�qn, A5 S32, A5 S33(b)
G＀�i�b�＀�t{, A5 S8, A5 S22(f)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a), A5 S32(f)
Knxq＀wntat{ tet�teoent, A5 S32(b), (e)
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu, A5 S33, A5 S22(e)
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A2 S8(h), A5 S32,
A5 S22(e)
Pqo�nat�qn, A5 S33
Pwobet, feteto�nat�qn, A5 S;
Pq＀�t�ea＀ ratt{ qhh�ee, hq＀f�ni, A5 S35
Ptaet�ee qh ＀aw, A5 S35
Ptqh�b�tef aet�x�t�eu, A5 S35
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A5 S8, A5 S22(e), (f)
Teoqxa＀ htqo qhh�ee, A5 S32
Tert�oanf, A5 S32(a)
Tetent�qn, A5 S32(a)
Tet�tef �wfieu, teorqtat{ fwt{, A5 S2(b)
Tw＀e qh eqnuttwet�qn, A32 S32
Sa＀at�eu, A5 S36(a), A5 S22(h), A32 S25
Swrteoe Eqwtt �wut�eeu, See SWPTGMG EQWTV
Swurenu�qn, A5 S32(a), (e)
Veorqtat{ auu�inoentu, A5 S2(b), A5 S5(a)
Vetou qh qhh�ee, A5 S32, A5 S33(a), (b)
Vtanu�t�qn rtqx�u�qnu, A5 S22
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S32(a), A5 S33
IMPRISONMENT
(See also PWPKSJMGPV)
Afo�n�uttat�xe uentenee, A3 S38
Eqnteort qh Nei�u＀atwte, A5 S5
Eqwtt/oatt�a＀, �orqu�t�qn qh uentenee, A3 S38
Debt, uentenee hqt, A3 S33
Knfeh�n�te, A3 S39
Senteneeu wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S9(a)
INALIENABLE RIGHTS, A3 S2
INCOME TAX, A9 S5
INCOMPETENT PERSONS
D�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn htqo xqte anf rwb＀�e qhh�ee, A8 S6(a)
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, a＀�enat�qn, A32 S6(e)
INITIATIVES, A33 S5, A33 S5(b), (e)
JUDICIAL CIRCUITS
Eh�eh �wfieu, See EKTEWKV EQWTVS
E�tew�t eqwttu, ieneta＀＀{, See EKTEWKV EQWTVS
Eqwtt uetx�ni, A5 S5(a)
Gutab＀�uhoent, A5 S3, A5 S22(e)
Jwfieu, ieneta＀＀{, See JWDGGS
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu, A5 S33(f), A5 S22(e)
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu, A5 S38
Tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
Tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, A5 S33(f)
State attqtne{u, A5 S39
Statew�fe rtqueewtqt, A6 S6(b)
INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING, A9 S35(a),
A; S3(a), A32 S;(a)
JUDICIAL NOMINATING COMMISSIONS, A6 S6(b), A5 S33,
A5 S22(e)
INSURRECTION, A3 S35, A6 S3(a)
JUDICIAL POWER, A2 S5, A5 S3
INDICTMENTS, A3 S35(a), A3 S38(a)
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, A9 S32(e)
INFORMATIONS, A3 S35(a), A3 S38(a)
INHERITANCE
A＀�enu, A3 S2
Vaz, A9 S5(a)
32
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
JUDICIAL QUALIFICATIONS COMMISSION, A2 S8(h),
A5 S32, A5 S22(e)
LEGISLATIVE BUDGET COMMISSION, JOINT,
A5 S3;(e), (�)
JUDICIARY, A5
LEGISLATIVE POWER, A2 S5, A5 S3
JUNIOR COLLEGES, A9 S35(a), A32 S;(a), (f)
LEGISLATURE
Abqtt�qnu �nxq＀x�ni o�nqtu, rqwetu anf fwt�eu, A32 S22
Arrqtt�qnoent
Arr＀�eab�＀�t{ qh eqnut�twt�qna＀ rtqx�u�qnu, A32 S35
Gzttaqtf�nat{ arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn, A5 S38(f), (e), (h)
Ha�＀wte tq arrqtt�qn, A5 S38(b)
Gw�fe＀�neu hqt tef�utt�et�ni, A5 S23
Jq�nt teuq＀wt�qn qh arrqtt�qnoent, A5 S38
Jwf�e�a＀ tearrqtt�qnoent, A5 S38(b), (h)
Jwf�e�a＀ tex�ew, A5 S38(e), (f), (e), (h)
Terteuentat�xe f�utt�etu, A5 S38(a)
Senatqt�a＀ f�utt�etu, A5 S38(a)
Sree�a＀ arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qn, A5 S38(a), (b)
V�oe hqt oanfatef tearrqtt�qnoent, A5 S38(a)
Va＀�f�t{, A5 S38(e), (f), (e), (h)
Arrtqrt�at�qnu, See APPTQPTKAVKQPS
Awf�tqt, A5 S2
D�＀＀u
Aoenfoent, A5 S9
Aoenfoent qh ＀awu, A5 S8
Arrtqrt�at�qnu, A5 S8, A5 S32, A5 S3;(b), (f)
E＀auu�h�eat�qn qh rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu, A5 S33(b)
Ghheet�xe fate, A5 S;
Gnaet�ni e＀awue, A5 S8
Gzeewt�xe arrtqxa＀, A5 S8
Kteo xetq, A5 S8, A5 S3;(b)
Qt�i�n, A5 S9
Qxett�fe qh xetq, A5 S8(e), A5 S;
Pauuaie, A5 S9, A5 S8(a), (e), A5 S;
Pteuentat�qn tq Gqxetnqt, A5 S8(a)
Teaf�niu, A5 S9
Tex�u�qn qh ＀awu, A5 S8
Sree�a＀ ＀awu, A5 S32, A5 S33(a)
Swb�eet oattet, A5 S8, A5 S33, A5 S32
V�t＀e, A5 S8, A5 S9
Vetq, A5 S8, A5 S;, A5 S3;(b)
Vqte hqt rauuaie, A5 S9, A5 S8(e), A9 S3(e), A32 S32(e)
Dtaneh qh iqxetnoent, A2 S5
Dwfiet�ni rtqeeuueu, A5 S3;, A9 S3(e)
Dwu�neuu qh, A5 S5(e), (f)
Ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu, arrtqxa＀, A9 S33(h)
Eqoo�tteeu
Koreaehoent �nxeut�iat�qnu, A5 S39(a)
Knxeut�iat�qnu, A5 S5, A5 S39(a)
Meet�niu, qren tq rwb＀�e, A5 S6(e)
Swbrqena rqwet, A5 S5
Vqteu, teeqtf�ni, A5 S6(e)
Y�tneuueu, A5 S6(e), A5 S5
Eqorqu�t�qn, A5 S3
Eqnewttent teuq＀wt�qnu, A5 S5(e), A5 S;
Eqnut�twt�qn
Aoenfoent, A33 S3, A33 S5(a), A32 S36
Sehefw＀eu, fe＀et�qn qh qbuq＀ete �teou, A5 S22(�),
A8 S8(i), A32 S33
Wn�tef Stateu, rtqrquef aoenfoent, A32 S3
Eqnteort, A5 S6(f), A5 S5
Eqwttu
Arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu, eutab＀�uhoent, A5 S3, A5 S;
Eqwtt/oatt�a＀, awthqt�zat�qn, A5 S3
Jwfieu, �neteau�ni qt feeteau�ni nwobet, A5 S;
Jwf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, eutab＀�uhoent, A5 S3
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn tw＀eu, terea＀,
A5 S32(a)
Tw＀eu qh rtaet�ee anf rtqeefwte, terea＀, A5 S2(a),
A5 S33(f)
Swrteoe Eqwtt tw＀eu, terea＀, A5 S2(a)
JURIES
Gtanf �wt{, A3 S35(a)
Koratt�a＀, t�iht qh aeewuef, A3 S38(a)
Jwtqtu, qwa＀�h�eat�qnu anf nwobet, A3 S22
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Vt�a＀ b{ �wt{, A3 S22
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, A3 S35(b)
K
KEY WEST, CITY OF, A8 S8(e)
L
LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
Eq＀＀eet�xe batia�n�ni, A3 S8
T�iht tq wqt�, A3 S8
LAND ACQUISITION TRUST FUND
Dqnf qt taz texenweu, ferqu�t qt etef�t, A32 S;(a)
Eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu, fef�eatef wue, A32 S28
Vtwuteeu, A6 S6(h)
LAW ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF, A6 S6(i)
LAWS
Aoenfoent, A5 S8
Arrtqrt�at�qnu, A5 S8, A5 S32
D�＀＀ qh atta�nfet, A3 S32, A3 S39
D�＀＀u, See NGGKSNAVWTG
E＀auu�h�eat�qn qh rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu, A5 S33(b)
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 rtqx�u�qnu, eqnt�nwanee au utatwteu,
A5 S22(i), A32 S32
Eqwnt{ ehattetu, A8 S3(e)
Et�o�na＀ utatwteu, ehheet qh terea＀ qt aoenfoent, A32 S;
Ghheet�xe fate, A5 S;
Gnaet�ni e＀awue, A5 S8
Gnaetoent, A5 S9, A5 S8
Gz rqut haetq ＀aw, A3 S32
H＀qt�fa Statwteu, ehartet 225, A32 S;(a)
Geneta＀ ＀awu qh ＀qea＀ arr＀�eat�qn, A5 S33(a), A6 S;
Nqea＀ ＀awu, A8 S8(f), A32 S32(i)
Qtf�naneeu
Eqwnt{, See EQWPVKGS
Mwn�e�ra＀, See MWPKEKPANKVKGS
Pteuetxat�qn wrqn afqrt�qn qh Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S8
Ptqh�b�tef ＀awu, A3 S5, A3 S6, A3 S32, A5 S33(a)
Tex�u�qn, A5 S8
Sree�a＀ ＀awu
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S5
Eqwnt{ ehattetu, A8 S3(e)
Eqwnt{ ue＀h/iqxetnoent rqwetu, A8 S3(h)
Deh�n�t�qn, A32 S32(i)
Pqt�ee, �ntent�qn tq enaet, A5 S32
Ptqh�b�tef uwb�eetu, A5 S33(a), A6 S;
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5
Swb�eet oattet, A5 S8, A5 S33, A5 S32
V�t＀e, A5 S8
33
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
LEGISLATURE (Eqnt0)
Death rena＀t{ ezeewt�qn oethqfu, feu�inat�qn, A3 S39
Goetiene{ rqwetu, A2 S8
Gneo{ attae�, rqwet tq enuwte eqnt�nw�t{ qh iqxetnoent,
A2 S8
Geneta＀ ＀awu teqw�t�ni ＀qea＀ ezrenf�twteu, ＀�o�t�ni ab�＀�t{ tq
ta�ue texenwe qt tefwe�ni reteentaie qh utate taz uhatef,
A9 S38
Geneta＀＀{, A5
Gqxetnqt
Af�qwtnoent qh ueuu�qn, A5 S5(h)
Arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qnu, eqnxen�ni b{ rtqe＀aoat�qn,
A5 S38(a), (f)
Meet�niu between Gqxetnqt anf ＀ei�u＀at�xe ＀eafetuh�r,
qren tq rwb＀�e, A5 S6(e)
Meuuaie qn eqnf�t�qn qh utate, A6 S3(e)
Teutqtat�qn qh earae�t{, A6 S5(b)
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qn, eqnxen�ni b{ rtqe＀aoat�qn, A5 S5(e)
Vetq qh b�＀＀u, A5 S8, A5 S;, A5 S3;(b)
J�ih ureef itqwnf ttanurqttat�qn u{uteo, fexe＀qroent,
A32 S3;
J�utqt�e rtqrett{ taz auueuuoentu, a＀＀qw�ni eqwnt{ anf
own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu, A9 S6(e)
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz ezeort�qn hqt e＀fet＀{ retuqnu,
a＀＀qw�ni eqwnt{ anf own�e�ra＀ qtf�naneeu, A9 S8(f)
Jqwue qh Terteuentat�xeu
E＀et�, A5 S2, A5 S9
Eqorqu�t�qn, A5 S3
D�utt�etu, A5 S3, A5 S35(e), A5 S38(a)
Koreaehoent qh qhh�eetu, A5 S39
Meobetu
Abuenee, rena＀t�eu, A5 S6(a)
Auuwort�qn qh qhh�ee, A5 S35(f)
Eqnteort, A5 S6(f)
D�uqtfet＀{ eqnfwet, A5 S6(f)
G＀eet�qn, A5 S3, A5 S2, A5 S35(b)
Gzrw＀u�qn, A5 S6(f)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A5 S2, A5 S35(e)
Terteuentat�qn qh e＀�entu behqte iqxetnoent bqf{,
A2 S8(e)
Veto ＀�o�tat�qnu, A8 S6(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A5 S35(b), A32 S36
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S35(f)
Qhh�eetu, A5 S2, A5 S5(a)
Swqtwo, A5 S6(a)
Tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, A5 S6(a), (e)
Srea�et
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, arrq�ntoent,
A33 S2(a)
Gqxetnoent Ghh�e�ene{ Vau� Hqtee, arrq�ntoent,
A5 S3;(�)
Koreaehoent �nxeut�iat�qn eqoo�ttee, arrq�ntoent,
A5 S39(a)
Nei�u＀at�xe Dwfiet Eqoo�uu�qn, arrq�ntoent,
A5 S3;(�)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A6 S35
Se＀eet�qn, A5 S2
S�inatwte, b�＀＀u anf �q�nt teuq＀wt�qnu, A5 S9
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn,
arrq�ntoent, A33 S8(a)
Kneqoe taz tate, �neteaue awthqt�zat�qn, A9 S5
Knxeut�iat�qnu, A5 S5, A5 S39(a)
Jq�nt teuq＀wt�qnu, A5 S9, A5 S38, A33 S3
Jqwtna＀u
D�＀＀ t�t＀eu, rwb＀�eat�qn, A5 S9
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent teuq＀wt�qn, A33 S3
Gqxetnqt'u xetqeu, entt{, A5 S8(b)
Pwb＀�eat�qn, A5 S6(e)
Teqw�teoent, A5 S6(e)
Vqteu qh oeobetu, A5 S6(e), A5 S9, A5 S8(e)
Nei�u＀at�xe Dwfiet Eqoo�uu�qn, Jq�nt, A5 S3;(e), (�)
Nei�u＀at�xe rqwet, A2 S5, A5 S3
Index
LEGISLATURE (Eqnt0)
Mat�ne net h�uh�ni x�q＀at�qnu, enaetoent qh oqte utt�nient
rena＀t�eu, A32 S38(e)
Meet�niu, qren tq the rwb＀�e, A3 S26(b), A5 S6(e)
M�n�owo waie hqt H＀qt�f�anu, rqwetu, A32 S26(h)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu, ＀ei�u＀at�xe teutt�et�qnu,
A32 S;(f)
Patfqn, tteauqn eaueu, A6 S8(b)
P＀ann�ni fqewoentu, tex�ew, A5 S3;(h)
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu, awthqt�zat�qn, A32 S;(a)
Pwb＀�e h�nane�ni qh eaora�inu hqt utatew�fe qhh�eeu, hwnf�ni,
A8 S9
Pwn�uhoent rqwet, A5 S6(f), A5 S5
Tearrqtt�qnoent, See uwbt�t＀e Arrqtt�qnoent, th�u heaf�ni
Teeqtfu qh ＀ei�u＀at�xe btaneh, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26
Texenwe eq＀＀eet�qn ＀�o�tat�qn, �neteaue b{ twq/th�tfu xqte,
A9 S3(e)
Sehqq＀ ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ rtq�eetu, awthqt�zat�qn, A32 S;(a)
Senate
Arrq�ntoent qt teoqxa＀ qh rwb＀�e qhh�eetu, A5 S6(b),
A6 S8(a)
E＀quef ueuu�qnu, A5 S6(b)
Eqorqu�t�qn, A5 S3
Eqnh�toat�qn qh arrq�ntoentu
Gfweat�qn, State Dqatf qh, A; S2
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;
M�＀�t�a ieneta＀ qhh�eetu, A32 S2(e)
Teqw�teoent, A6 S8(a)
State Wn�xetu�t{ S{uteo Statew�fe Dqatf qh Gqxetnqtu,
A; S9(f)
D�utt�etu, A5 S3, A5 S35(a), (e), A5 S38(a)
Koreaehoent tt�a＀, A5 S39(b), (e)
Qhh�eetu, A5 S2, A5 S5(a)
Pteu�fent
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, arrq�ntoent,
A33 S2(a)
Gqxetnoent Ghh�e�ene{ Vau� Hqtee, arrq�ntoent,
A5 S3;(�)
Nei�u＀at�xe Dwfiet Eqoo�uu�qn, arrq�ntoent,
A5 S3;(�)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A6 S35
Se＀eet�qn, A5 S2
S�inatwte, b�＀＀u anf �q�nt teuq＀wt�qnu, A5 S9
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qnu, eqnxen�ni, A6 S9(b)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn,
arrq�ntoent, A33 S8(a)
Swqtwo, A5 S6(a)
Tw＀eu qh rtqeefwte, A5 S6(a), (e)
Seetetat{, A5 S2, A5 S9
Senatqtu
Abuenee, rena＀t�eu, A5 S6(a)
Auuwort�qn qh qhh�ee, A5 S35(f)
Eqnteort, A5 S6(f)
D�uqtfet＀{ eqnfwet, A5 S6(f)
G＀eet�qn, A5 S3, A5 S2, A5 S35(a)
Gzrw＀u�qn, A5 S6(f)
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A5 S2, A5 S35(e)
Terteuentat�qn qh e＀�entu behqte iqxetnoent bqf{,
A2 S8(e)
Veto ＀�o�tat�qnu, A8 S6(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A5 S35(a), A32 S32
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S35(f)
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qnu, A6 S9(b)
Swurenfef qhh�eetu, teoqxa＀ qt te�nutateoent, A6 S9(b)
Seuu�qnu
Af�qwtnoent, A5 S5(e), (h), A5 S6(a)
Arrqtt�qnoent ueuu�qnu
Gzttaqtf�nat{, A5 S38(f), (e), (h)
Teiw＀at, A5 S38(a)
Sree�a＀, A5 S38(a), (b)
E＀quef, A5 S6(b)
Gztenu�qn, A5 S5(f)
32
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
MARIJUANA (MEDICAL), A32 S2;
LEGISLATURE (Eqnt0)
Seuu�qnu (Eqnt0)
Nenith, A5 S5(f)
Nqeat�qn, A2 S2
Qtian�zat�qn ueuu�qnu, A5 S5(a)
Pwb＀�e, A5 S6(b)
Teiw＀at ueuu�qnu, A5 S5(b), (f), (h), A5 S8(b)
Sree�a＀ ueuu�qnu, A5 S5(e), (f), (h), A5 S8(b),
A5 S38(a), (b), A6 S9(b)
S＀qt oaeh�neu �n Dtqwatf anf M�ao�/Dafe Eqwnt�eu, fwt�eu,
A32 S25(b)
Swbrqena rqwet, A5 S5
Wn�tef Stateu Eqnut�twt�qn, rtqrquef aoenfoent, A32 S3
Vqt�ni, A5 S6(e), A5 S9, A5 S8(e), A32 S32(e)
Y�tneuueu, A5 S6(e), A5 S5
MARINE ANIMALS
See HKSJKPG
MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION, A32 S25
MARRIAGE
Saoe/uez oatt�aie, �nxa＀�f�t{, A3 S29
MEDICAL MARIJUANA, A32 S2;
MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE, A3 S28, A32 S25, A32 S28
MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, A8 S8(e), (h), A32 S25
LEON COUNTY, A2 S2
MILITARY AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF, A3 S38
LICENSING BOARDS, A6 S8(b)
MILITARY PERSONNEL TAX EXEMPTION, A9 S5(i),
A32 S53
LIENS
Gzeort rtqrett{, A32 S6(a)
Kntani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ taz, qb＀�iat�qnu ueewtef b{ ＀�en,
A9 S2
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
MILITARY POWER, A3 S9
MILITIA
Af�wtant Geneta＀, A32 S2(e), (f)
Ea＀＀ tq fwt{, A6 S3(f)
Eqooanfet/�n/eh�eh, A6 S3(a)
Eqorqu�t�qn, A32 S2(a)
Eqwttu/oatt�a＀, A3 S35(a)
Pat�qna＀ Gwatf, A9 S5(i), A32 S2(f), A32 S53
Qhh�eetu
Arrq�ntoent, A32 S2(e)
Jq＀f�ni rwb＀�e qhh�ee, A2 S5(a)
Swurenu�qn, A6 S9(a), (b)
Qtian�zat�qn, oa�ntenanee, anf f�ue�r＀�ne, A32 S2(b)
Pqwet uwbqtf�nate tq e�x�＀, A3 S9
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
Aet�ni Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(b)
Eteat�qn qh qhh�ee, A6 S2
Dwt�eu, A6 S2
G＀eet�qn, A6 S5(a)
Gzeewt�xe ferattoentu, uwretx�u�qn, A6 S8
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Qhh�ee ＀qeat�qn, A2 S2
Swa＀�h�eat�qnu, A6 S5(b)
Sweeeuu�qn tq qhh�ee qh Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(a)
Veto ＀�o�tat�qnu, A8 S6(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A6 S5(a)
MINIMUM WAGE, A32 S26
LIFE AND LIBERTY, RIGHT TO, A3 S2
MINORITIES
Eqniteuu�qna＀ qt ＀ei�u＀at�xe tef�utt�et�ni, ehheet qn, A5 S22,
A5 S23
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Dqnf h�nane�ni, See DQPDS
E＀auu�h�eat�qn �n ieneta＀ ＀awu, A5 S33(b)
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn, A8 S5, A8 S8(e)
Eqwnt�eu, See EQWPVKGS
Etef�t, r＀efi�ni, A9 S32
D�utt�etu, See SPGEKAN DKSVTKEVS
G＀eett�e ienetat�qn anf ttanuo�uu�qn hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(f)
Geneta＀＀{, A8
Jqoe tw＀e, A8 S8(e)
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, See MWPKEKPANKVKGS
Pwb＀�e hwnfu, �nxeutoent, A9 S32
Vazeu, A9 S;
Vaz�ni rqwet, ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S32
Vtanuhet qh rqwetu, A8 S6
MINORS
See EJKNDTGP
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS, A32
MOBILE HOMES, A9 S3(b)
MONORAILS, A32 S3;
MONROE COUNTY, A8 S8(e)
MORTGAGES, A9 S2
MOTOR VEHICLES
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, A9 S3(b)
Hwe＀ tazeu, A9 S39(b), A32 S;(e)
N�eenue texenweu, A32 S;(f)
N�eenue taz, A9 S3(b)
Vta�＀etu anf tta�＀et eqaeheu, A9 S3(b)
LOTTERIES, A32 S9, A32 S35
M
MANDAMUS
E�tew�t eqwttu, A5 S5(b)
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, A5 S6(b)
Swrteoe Eqwtt, A5 S5(b)
MUNICIPALITIES
Abq＀�uhoent, A8 S2(a)
Af xa＀qteo tazat�qn, A9 S;, A32 S2
Annezat�qn, A8 S2(e)
Dqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
Ehattet, A6 S9(e), A8 S2(a)
MANUFACTURING PLANTS, A9 S32(e)
35
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
NATURAL RESOURCES (Eqnt0)
Eqnuetxat�qn anf rtqteet�qn (Eqnt0)
Vazat�qn qh ＀anf he＀f hqt eqnuetxat�qn rwtrqueu, A9 S5(h),
A9 S6(b), A32 S28
H�uh anf oat�ne an�oa＀u, See HKSJKPG
Pq�ue abateoent, A2 S9(a)
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ anf abateoent, A2 S9, A9 S36
Teeteat�qn ＀anf aeqw�u�t�qn anf �ortqxeoent, bqnf
�uuwanee, A9 S33(e), A32 S;(a)
MUNICIPALITIES (Eqnt0)
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo, A5 S36
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S5, A8 S8(e)
Eqwttu, A5 S22(f)
Etef�t, r＀efi�ni, A9 S32
Dafe Eqwnt{, Mettqrq＀�tan Gqxetnoent qh, A8 S8(h)
G＀eet�qnu, A8 S8
G＀eett�e ienetat�qn anf ttanuo�uu�qn hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(f)
Gutab＀�uhoent, A8 S2(a)
Gzttatett�tqt�a＀ rqwetu, A8 S2(e)
Knfebtefneuu, eett�h�eateu qh, A9 S32
Knxeutoent qh rwb＀�e hwnfu, A9 S32
Jae�uqnx�＀＀e, E�t{ qh, A8 S8(e)
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Me{ Yeut, E�t{ qh, A8 S8(e)
Nei�u＀at�xe bqf�eu, A8 S2(b)
Manfatef ezrenf�twte qh hwnfu, hwnf�ni b{ Nei�u＀atwte,
A9 S38(a)
Meet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(b)
Metietu, A8 S2(e)
Qhh�eetu
Eqnt�nwanee �n qhh�ee, A8 S8(e)
Jq＀f�ni qthet qhh�eeu, A2 S5(a)
Ptqueewtqt, A5 S39, A5 S22(e)
Swurenu�qn htqo qhh�ee, A6 S9(e)
Qtf�naneeu
Eqoown�t{ anf eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent taz ezeort�qnu,
A9 S5(e)
Eqnh＀�et w�th eqwnt{ qtf�naneeu, A8 S3(h), (i)
J�utqt�e rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(f), A9 S6(e), A32 S22
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz ezeort�qn hqt e＀fet＀{ retuqnu,
A9 S8(f)
V�q＀at�qnu, rtqueewt�qn, A5 S39
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
Pqwetu, A8 S2(b), (e), A8 S8(b)
Ptqrett{ qwnef b{, tazat�qn, A9 S5(a)
Ptqrett{ w�th�n, tazat�qn b{ eqwnt{, A8 S3(h)
Tefwet�qn qh awthqt�t{ tq ta�ue texenwe, ＀ei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀,
A9 S38(b)
State a�f, A9 S8
State taz texenweu, ＀ei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀ qh tefwet�qn,
A9 S38(e)
Statwu, eqnt�nwat�qn wrqn afqrt�qn qh Eqnut�twt�qn, A8 S8(b)
Va＀＀ahauuee, E�t{ qh, A2 S2
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Vazeu, A9 S;, A32 S2
Vaz�ni rqwet, ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S32
Vtanuhet qh hwnet�qn qt rqwet, A8 S6
Wt�＀�t{ uetx�eeu itquu teee�rtu taz, ra{oent, A32 S;(a)
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
NAVIGABLE WATERS, A32 S33
NET FISHING, A32 S38
NOISE POLLUTION, A2 S9(a)
NOTARIES PUBLIC, A2 S5(a)
O
OATHS
G＀eetqtu, A8 S5
Pwb＀�e qhh�eetu, A2 S5(b)
OCCUPATIONAL REGULATION
N�eenu�ni bqatfu, A6 S8(b)
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE, A2 S;
OPEN MEETINGS, A3 S26(b), (e), (f), A5 S6(e), A32 S22
ORDINANCES
Eqwnt{, See EQWPVKGS
Mwn�e�ra＀, See MWPKEKPANKVKGS
OUTDOOR RECREATION, A9 S33(e), A32 S28(b),
A32 S;(a)
P
PARDON, A6 S8(a), (b)
PARENT AND CHILD
Abqtt�qn �nxq＀x�ni o�nqt, rt�qt nqt�h�eat�qn qh ratent,
A32 S22
PARI-MUTUEL GAMBLING, A9 S9, A32 S9, A32 S25
N
PAROLE, A6 S8(e)
NATIONAL GUARD, A9 S5(i), A32 S2(f), A32 S53
PAROLE AND PROBATION COMMISSION, A6 S8(e)
NATIONAL ORIGIN DISCRIMINATION, A3 S2
PENSION SYSTEMS (PUBLIC), A2 S8(f), A32 S36
NATURAL RESOURCES
Eqnuetxat�qn anf rtqteet�qn
Dqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S33(e), A32 S;(a)
Debt uetx�ee qn bqnfu, A32 S28(b)
Dqewoent eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt eqnuetxat�qn
rwtrqueu, A32 S28
Gxeti＀afeu Vtwut Hwnf, f�ubwtueoentu, A32 S39(a), (e)
Geneta＀ rtqx�u�qnu, A2 S9(a)
Seen�e beawt{, A2 S9(a)
State eqnuetxat�qn ＀anfu, f�urqu�t�qn teutt�et�qnu,
A32 S38
PETITION
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent �n�t�at�xe, A33 S5, A33 S5(a)
Eqnut�twt�qna＀ eqnxent�qn ea＀＀, A33 S6(a)
Tefteuu qh it�exaneeu, A3 S5
PHYSICIANS
Mef�ea＀ oat��wana wue, eett�h�eat�qn, A32 S2;(a)
Tereatef oef�ea＀ oa＀rtaet�ee, rwb＀�e rtqteet�qn, A32 S28
PIGS, A32 S23
36
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
PLANNING
Gqxetnqt, teurqnu�b�＀�t{, A5 S3;(h), A6 S3(a)
State r＀ann�ni rtqeeuueu anf r＀ann�ni fqewoentu,
A5 S3;(a), (h)
Index
POLITICAL PARTIES, A5 S35, A8 S3
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES (Eqnt0)
Gth�eu, eqfe qh, A2 S8, A5 S38
H�nane�a＀ �nteteutu, f�ue＀quwte, A2 S8
Teeqtfu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(a)
Terteuentat�qn qh e＀�entu behqte iqxetnoent bqf{, A2 S8(e)
Stt��e, t�iht tq, A3 S8
POLITICAL POWER, A3 S3
PUBLIC LANDS, A32 S33, A32 S;(a)
POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS
E＀auu�h�eat�qn �n ieneta＀ ＀awu, A5 S33(b)
Eqwnt�eu, See EQWPVKGS
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, See MWPKEKPANKVKGS
Sree�a＀ f�utt�etu, See SPGEKAN DKSVTKEVS
PUBLIC MEETINGS
Aeeeuu tq anf nqt�ee qh, A3 S26(b), (e), (f), A5 S6(e),
A32 S22
Nei�u＀atwte, A5 S6(e)
PUBLIC OFFICERS
Dqnf, A2 S5(b)
Dteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut, A2 S8(e), (f), (h)
Eaora�in h�naneeu, f�ue＀quwte, A2 S8(b)
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo, A5 S36
Eqorenuat�qn, A2 S5(e), A5 S32, A32 S5
Eqnh＀�etu qh �nteteut, A2 S8(i), A5 S38
Eqnt�nwanee �n qhh�ee wrqn afqrt�qn qh Eqnut�twt�qn,
A8 S8(e), A32 S5
Eqwnt{ qhh�eetu, See EQWPVKGS
Eteat�qn qh qhh�ee, ＀�o�tat�qn qh teto qh qhh�ee, A5 S35
Gth�eu, eqfe qh, A2 S8, A5 S38
He＀qnu, f�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn htqo hq＀f�ni qhh�ee, A8 S6(a)
H�nane�a＀ �nteteutu, f�ue＀quwte, A2 S8
Jq＀f�ni qthet qhh�eeu, A2 S5(a)
Koreaehoent, See KMPGAEJMGPV
Menta＀＀{ �neqoretent retuqnu, f�uqwa＀�h�eat�qn htqo hq＀f�ni
qhh�ee, A8 S6(a)
Mwn�e�ra＀ qhh�eetu, See MWPKEKPANKVKGS
Qath qh qhh�ee, A2 S5(b)
Pqwetu anf fwt�eu, A2 S5(b), (e)
Swau�/�wf�e�a＀ rqwet, A5 S3
Teeqtfu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(a)
Terteuentat�qn qh e＀�entu behqte iqxetnoent bqf{, A2 S8(e)
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Sweeeuu�qn, eneo{ attae� eoetiene{, A2 S8
Swurenu�qn htqo qhh�ee, A6 S9
Vetou qh qhh�ee, See VGTMS QH QHHKEG
Vaeane�eu �n qhh�ee, See VAEAPEY KP QHHKEG
POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT, A2 S9, A9 S36
PORT FACILITIES, A9 S32(e)
POWERS OF GOVERNMENT
Gzeewt�xe rqwet, A2 S5, A6 S3(a)
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet, A2 S5, A5 S3
Nei�u＀at�xe rqwet, A2 S5, A5 S3
M�＀�tat{ rqwet, A3 S9
Pq＀�t�ea＀ rqwet, A3 S3
Seratat�qn qh rqwetu, A2 S5
PREGNANT PIGS, A32 S23
PRESS, FREEDOM OF, A3 S6
PRETRIAL RELEASE AND DETENTION, A3 S36
PRIVACY, RIGHT OF, A3 S25, A32 S22
PROBATION, A6 S8(e)
PROHIBITION, WRIT OF, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
PROPERTY
Aeqw�u�t�qn, rquueuu�qn, anf rtqteet�qn; t�ihtu qh, A3 S2
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, See VAZAVKQP
A＀�enu, tea＀ rtqrett{ qwnetuh�r anf f�urqu�t�qn, A3 S2
Ewtteu{, A32 S5
Dert�xat�qn w�thqwt fwe rtqeeuu qh ＀aw, A3 S;
Dqwet, A32 S5
Dta�naie eaueoentu, A32 S8(b)
Go�nent fqoa�n, A32 S8
Hqteef ua＀e, ezeort�qnu htqo, A32 S6
Jqoeuteaf, See JQMGSVGAD PTQPGTVY
Neaueu, rwb＀�e＀{ h�naneef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
N�enu, A5 S33(a), A9 S2, A32 S6
Matt�ef wqoen, A32 S5
Mwn�e�ra＀ rtqrett{, tazat�qn, A9 S5(a)
Teeteat�qn ＀anfu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A32 S;(a)
T�ihtu tq aeqw�te, rquueuu, anf rtqteet, A3 S2
Sqxete�int{ ＀anfu, A32 S33
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
Swboetief ＀anfu, A32 S33
Va��ni hqt rwb＀�e rwtrqueu, A32 S8
Vazat�qn, See VAZAVKQP uwbt�t＀e Af xa＀qteo tazeu
PUBLIC RECORDS
Aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(a), (e), (f), A32 S22
Gzeort�qnu htqo f�ue＀quwte, A3 S26(a), (e)
PUNISHMENT
Afo�n�uttat�xe rena＀t�eu, A3 S38
Dteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut, A2 S8(e), (f)
E＀eoene{, A6 S8
Eqnteort, A5 S6(f), A5 S5
Equtu, ra{oent b{ aeewuef, A3 S3;
Eqwnt{ qtf�nanee x�q＀at�qnu, A8 S3(�)
Eqwtt/oatt�a＀, A3 S38
Et�o�na＀ utatwteu, ehheet qh terea＀ qt aoenfoent, A32 S;
Etwe＀ anf wnwuwa＀, A3 S39
Death rena＀t{, A3 S39, A5 S5(b)
Gzeeuu�xe, A3 S39
Kort�uqnoent hqt febt, A3 S33
Jwfieu, f�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S32(a), (e), (e)
Jwxen�＀e fe＀�nqwentu, A3 S35(b)
Nei�u＀atqtu, A5 S6(a), (f)
Patfqn, A6 S8(a), (b)
Patq＀e, A6 S8(e)
Pena＀t�eu, h�neu, anf hqthe�twteu wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn,
A32 S9(a)
Ptqbat�qn, A6 S8(e)
Senteneeu wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S9(a)
Sree�a＀ ＀awu retta�n�ni tq, A5 S33(a)
PROPERTY APPRAISERS, A8 S3(f)
PUBLIC DEFENDERS, A5 S36(a), (e), A5 S38, A32 S25
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES
Dteaeh qh rwb＀�e ttwut, A2 S8(e), (f), (h)
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo, A5 S36
Eqnh＀�etu qh �nteteut, A2 S8(i), A5 S38
35
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
REVENUE (Eqnt0)
Pew heeu �orquef b{ eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent, arrtqxa＀
b{ twq/th�tfu qh xqtetu, A33 S9
Pat�/owtwe＀ tazeu, a＀＀qeat�qn, A9 S9
Ta�u�ni tq fehta{ utate ezrenueu, A9 S3(f)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A5 S3;(h), A6 S35
Seeqnf iau taz, a＀＀qeat�qn, A32 S;(e)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, tex�ew qh
texenwe neefu, A33 S8(f)
PUNISHMENT (Eqnt0)
Y�tneuueu, ＀ei�u＀at�xe �nxeut�iat�qn, A5 S5
Q
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
PROGRAM, A5 S3;(h)
QUASI-JUDICIAL POWER, A5 S3
REVENUE BONDS
See DQPDS
QUO WARRANTO, WRIT OF, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
REVISION
See AMGPDMGPV
R
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, A3 S2
RIGHT OF PRIVACY, A3 S25, A32 S22
RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, A32 S3;
RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE, A3 S5
REBELLION, A3 S35, A6 S3(a)
RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS, A3 S8(a)
RECORDS CUSTODIAN
See EWSVQDKAP QH SVAVG TGEQTDS
RIGHT TO WORK, A3 S8
RIGHTS, DECLARATION OF, A3
RECREATION LANDS AND FACILITIES, A32 S;(a)
RIGHTS OF ACCUSED, A3 S38(a), A3 S3;
RELIGION
D�uet�o�nat�qn bauef qn, A3 S2
Gutab＀�uhoent anf htee ezete�ue qh, A3 S5
M�＀�tat{ fwt{, ezeort�qn, A32 S2(a)
Ptqrett{ wuef hqt te＀�i�qwu rwtrqueu, taz ezeort�qn,
A9 S5(a)
Pwb＀�e texenwe �n a�f qh, A3 S5
RIGHTS OF TAXPAYERS, A3 S25
RIGHTS OF VICTIMS OF CRIME, A3 S38(b)
RIGHTS, PROPERTY, A3 S2
ROADS AND HIGHWAYS, A5 S33(a), A9 S39, A32 S;(b), (e)
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, A3 S5
S
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE DEVICES, A9 S6(�),
A32 S3;, A32 S2;, A32 S56
SCENIC BEAUTY, A2 S9(a)
RESIDENCE
Eab�net oeobetu, A6 S5(b)
Eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu, A8 S3(e)
G＀eetqtu, A8 S2
Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(b)
Jqoeuteaf, A9 S8(a), A32 S6(a)
Jwfieu, A5 S5(a), A5 S8
Nei�u＀atqtu, A5 S35(e)
N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(b)
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu, A5 S38
State attqtne{u, A5 S39
Swrteoe Eqwtt �wut�eeu, A5 S5(a)
SCHEDULES
Dqnfu, A32 S;, A32 S38
Eqnh＀�et�ni rtqx�u�qnu, A32 S39
Eqnuetxat�qn rtqrett{, af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn anf taz
auueuuoent, A32 S28
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn anf hqoe tw＀e, A8 S8(e)
Eqnut�twt�qn qh 3885 uwretuefef, A32 S3
Dafe Eqwnt{, A8 S8(h)
De＀et�qn qh qbuq＀ete �teou, A5 S22(�), A8 S8(i), A32 S33
Gfweat�qn, Eqoo�uu�qnet qh, A32 S6, A32 S8(b)
Gth�eu �n iqxetnoent, A2 S8
Gzeewt�xe btaneh tehqto, A32 S26(a)
Gz�ut�ni iqxetnoent, rteuetxat�qn, A32 S32
Gaoe anf Hteuh Yatet H�uh Eqoo�uu�qn, abq＀�uhoent,
A32 S25(e), (f)
J�utqt�e rtqrett{, af xa＀qteo taz ezeort�qn anf taz
auueuuoent, A32 S22
Jqoeuteaf ezeort�qn, A32 S28, A32 S29, A32 S53,
A32 S55, A32 S55, A32 S58
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S32(h)
Jwf�e�at{, A5 S32(h), A5 S22, A32 S25
Nawu rteuetxef, A32 S8
Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent, A32 S35
Nqea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S8
Mat�ne H�uhet�eu Eqoo�uu�qn, abq＀�uhoent, A32 S25(e), (f)
Qhh�eetu tq eqnt�nwe �n qhh�ee, A8 S8(e), A32 S5
Qtf�naneeu, A8 S8(f)
Ptqrett{ tazeu, A32 S2, A32 S29
Pwb＀�e febtu teeqin�zef, A32 S8
RETIREMENT SYSTEMS (PUBLIC), A2 S8(f), A32 S36
REVENUE
(See also SVAVG HWPDS; VAZAVKQP)
A�f tq ehwteh, ueet, qt te＀�i�qwu fenqo�nat�qn, A3 S5
Dqnf tera{oent, A9 S33(f)
Eqwtt heeu, hwnf�ni e＀et�u qh e�tew�t anf eqwnt{ eqwttu,
A5 S36(b)
Gtquu teee�rtu taz, arr＀�eat�qn, A32 S;(a)
N�eenue heeu, H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn,
A6 S;
N�o�tat�qn qn eq＀＀eet�qn, A9 S3(e), A33 S5, A32 S23
Nqea＀ iqxetnoent awthqt�t{ tq ta�ue texenwe, tefwet�qn b{
Nei�u＀atwte, A9 S38(b)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e hwe＀ tazeu, a＀＀qeat�qn, A9 S39(b), A32 S;(e)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenue texenweu, A32 S;(f)
38
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT,
A32 S39
SCHEDULES (Eqnt0)
Pwb＀�e teeqtfu anf oeet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A32 S22
Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu, tazat�qn, A32 S3;,
A32 S2;, A32 S56
Teqtian�zat�qn, A32 S38
Terteuentat�xeu, A32 S36
Texenwe ＀�o�tat�qn, A32 S23
T�ihtu teuetxef, A32 S9
Senatqtu, A32 S32
Sq＀at fex�eeu, tazat�qn, A32 S56
Sree�a＀ f�utt�et tazeu, A32 S35
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A32 S5, A32 S8(b)
Vtanu�t�qn htqo 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32
Vetetanu f�uab＀ef fwe tq eqobat �n�wt{, hqoeuteaf
rtqrett{ taz f�ueqwnt, A32 S52
Y�nf faoaie teu�utanee �ortqxeoentu, tazat�qn, A32 S2;
Yqt��ni watethtqnt rtqrett{, af xa＀qteo taz auueuuoent,
A32 S52
SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY, A32 S35
SOVEREIGNTY LANDS, A32 S33
SPECIAL DISTRICTS
Af xa＀qteo tazat�qn, A9 S;, A32 S2, A32 S35
Dqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S32(e), A9 S32
E�x�＀ uetx�ee u{uteo, A5 S36
Etef�t, r＀efi�ni, A9 S32
G＀eet�qnu, A8 S8
G＀eett�e ienetat�qn anf ttanuo�uu�qn hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(f)
Knfebtefneuu, eett�h�eateu qh, A9 S32
Knxeutoent qh rwb＀�e hwnfu, A9 S32
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Meet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(b)
Pq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
State a�f, A9 S8
Statwu, eqnt�nwat�qn wrqn afqrt�qn qh Eqnut�twt�qn, A8 S8(b)
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Vazeu, A9 S;, A32 S2, A32 S35
Vaz�ni rqwet, ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S32
Vtanuhet qh hwnet�qn qt rqwet, A8 S6
Yaute f�urqua＀ hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
Yatet hae�＀�t�eu, utate bqnf h�nane�ni, A9 S36
SCHOOL BOARDS, A; S6, A; S5, A32 S;(f)
SCHOOL DISTRICTS
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, A9 S8(a), A9 S;, A; S6(b)
Dqnfu, A9 S32
Dqwnfat�eu, A; S6(a)
Ear�ta＀ rtq�eetu h�nane�ni, A9 S32, A32 S;(a), (f)
Etef�t, r＀efi�ni, A9 S32
Knfebtefneuu, eett�h�eateu qh, A9 S32
Knxeutoent qh rwb＀�e hwnfu, A9 S32(a), (b)
Jq�nt efweat�qna＀ rtqitaou, A; S6(b)
Jq�nt qwnetuh�r w�th rt�xate ent�t�eu, A9 S32
Meet�niu, aeeeuu tq, A3 S26(b)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀e ＀�eenu�ni texenwe, f�utt�bwt�qn, A32 S;(f)
Sehqq＀ bqatfu, A; S6, A; S5, A32 S;(f)
State a�f, A9 S8
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5, A32 S5, A32 S8(b)
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Vazeu, A9 S8(a), A9 S;, A; S6(b)
Vaz�ni rqwet, ＀�o�tat�qn, A9 S32
SPECIAL LAWS
See NAYS
SPEECH, FREEDOM OF, A3 S6
STATE ATTORNEYS, A5 S36(a), (e), A5 S39, A5 S22(e),
A32 S25
STATE BOUNDARIES, A2 S3
STATE FLAG, A2 S6
SCHOOLS
See GDWEAVKQP
SEARCHES AND SEIZURES, A3 S32
STATE FUNDS
(See also TGVGPWG)
A�f tq ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A9 S8
Arrtqrt�at�qnu, See APPTQPTKAVKQPS
Eh�eh h�nane�a＀ qhh�eet, fwt�eu, A6 S6(e)
Knxeutoent, A9 S32(a), (b)
Manfatef ezrenf�twte qh hwnfu b{ ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu,
hwnf�ni b{ Nei�u＀atwte, A9 S38(a)
Mqne{ ftawn htqo tteauwt{, A9 S3(e)
Sehqq＀ hwnf, A; S8
Vtwut hwnfu, See VTWSV HWPDS (PWDNKE)
SEAT OF GOVERNMENT, A2 S2
STATE RETIREMENT SYSTEMS, A2 S8(f), A32 S36
SELF-INCRIMINATION, A3 S;
STATE SEAL, A2 S6
SENATE
See NGGKSNAVWTG
STATE, SECRETARY OF, A32 S26(b)
SCHOOLS, SUPERINTENDENTS OF, A; S5, A32 S5,
A32 S8(b)
SEAL (STATE), A2 S6
SEARCH WARRANTS, A3 S32
STATE TREASURY, A9 S3(e)
SEPARATION OF POWERS, A2 S5
SHERIFFS, A5 S5(e), A5 S6(e), A8 S3(f)
STATE UNIVERSITIES, A9 S35(a), A; S3(a), A; S9,
A32 S;(a)
SLOT MACHINES, A32 S25
STATEWIDE PROSECUTOR, A6 S6(b)
SMOKING (TOBACCO), A32 S22, A32 S29
STUDENT LOANS, A9 S35
SOLAR DEVICES, A32 S56
SUBMERGED LANDS, A32 S33
39
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
SUPREME COURT (Eqnt0)
Tw＀eu
Arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu, et�tet�a hqt tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
Arre＀＀ate tex�ew, �ntet＀qewtqt{ qtfetu, A5 S6(b)
Eh�eh e�tew�t eqwtt �wfieu, ue＀eet�qn, A5 S2(f)
Eqwtt rtaet�ee anf rtqeefwte, A5 S2(a), A5 S33(f)
Jwfieu, feteto�nat�qn qh neef, A5 S;
Jwf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, et�tet�a hqt tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
M�＀�tat{ ＀aw qweut�qnu, afx�uqt{ qr�n�qnu, A5 S2(a)
Vt�a＀ eqwtt �wfioentu anf qtfetu, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Wn�tef Stateu eqwttu, eett�h�ef qweut�qnu qh ＀aw, A5 S5(b)
Wn�tef Stateu Swrteoe Eqwtt, A3 S32, A3 S39, A5 S5(b),
A32 S22
Yt�tu, rqwet tq �uuwe, A5 S5(b)
SUITS AGAINST STATE, A32 S35
SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS, A; S5, A32 S5,
A32 S8(b)
SUPERVISORS OF ELECTIONS, A8 S3(f)
SUPREME COURT
(See also EQWTVS)
Afx�uqt{ qr�n�qnu, A6 S3(e), A6 S32, A5 S5(b)
Arre＀＀ate f�utt�etu, teeqooenfat�qnu hqt tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
Attqtne{u, afo�uu�qn tq rtaet�ee qh ＀aw anf f�ue�r＀�ne,
A5 S35
Eh�eh �wut�ee
Arrq�ntoent, A5 S2(b)
Auu�inoent qh teorqtat{ �wfieu, A5 S2(b)
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn oeobetu,
arrq�ntoent, A33 S2(a)
Koreaehoent tt�a＀u, rteu�f�ni, A5 S39(e)
Texenwe uhqttha＀＀u, bwfiet tefwet�qnu, A6 S35
E＀et�, A5 S5(e)
Death rena＀t{, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Dee�u�qnu, A5 S5(a)
D�teet arrea＀, A5 S5(b)
D�ue�r＀�ne qh �wut�eeu anf �wfieu, A5 S32(a), (e), (e)
D�utt�et eqwtt qh arrea＀ fee�u�qnu, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
H�na＀ �wfioentu anf qtfetu, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Gqxetnqt
Afx�uqt{ qr�n�qnu, A6 S3(e)
Knearae�t{ feteto�nat�qn, A6 S5(b)
Jabeau eqtrwu, wt�t qh, A5 S5(b)
Kn�t�at�xe ret�t�qnu, tex�ew, A6 S32, A5 S5(b)
Jwfieu
Eett�h�eateu qh neef, A5 S;
D�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S32(e)
Veorqtat{ auu�inoent tq Swrteoe Eqwtt, A5 S5(a)
Jwf�e�a＀ e�tew�tu, teeqooenfat�qnu hqt tefeh�n�ni, A5 S;
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S6(b), A5 S33(f)
Jwf�e�a＀ rqwet xeutef �n, A5 S3
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, rqwetu anf fwt�eu,
A5 S32
Jwt�uf�et�qn, A5 S5(b), A5 S22(e)
Jwut�eeu
(See also JWDGGS)
Eh�eh Jwut�ee, See uwbt�t＀e Eh�eh �wut�ee, th�u heaf�ni
Deh�n�t�qn, A5 S22(e), A32 S32
D�ue�r＀�ne, A5 S32(a), (e), (e)
G＀eet�qn, A5 S32(a)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(a)
Jwfieu, teorqtat{ auu�inoent, A5 S5(a)
Pwobet, A5 S5(a)
Swqtwo, A5 S5(a)
Teewua＀, A5 S5(a)
Teu�fene{ teqw�teoent, A5 S5(a)
Tetent�qn, A5 S32(a)
Tet�tef, teorqtat{ fwt{, A5 S2(b)
Veorqtat{ fwt{ w�th qthet eqwttu, A5 S2(b)
Veto qh qhh�ee, A5 S32(a)
Vaeane{ �n qhh�ee, A5 S32(a)
Nei�u＀at�xe arrqtt�qnoent
Arrqtt�qnoent qtfetu, A5 S38(b), (h)
Dee＀atatqt{ �wfioentu qh xa＀�f�t{, A5 S38(e), (f), (e), (h)
Nqeat�qn, A2 S2
Manfaowu, wt�t qh, A5 S5(b)
Matuha＀, A5 S5(e)
Qtian�zat�qn, A5 S5(a)
Ptqeeuu, A5 S5(e)
Ptqh�b�t�qn, wt�t qh, A5 S5(b)
Swq wattantq, wt�t qh, A5 S5(b)
Swqtwo, A5 S5(a)
Teiw＀atqt{ aiene{ aet�qnu, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
T
TALLAHASSEE, CITY OF, A2 S2
TAX COLLECTORS, A8 S3(f)
TAXATION
Af xa＀qteo tazeu
Ait�ew＀twta＀ ＀anf, A9 S6(a)
Aqw�het teehatie ＀anfu, A9 S6(a)
Auueuuoent qh rtqrett{, A9 S6, A9 S8, A9 S35, A32 S29
Dqnfu ra{ab＀e htqo, A9 S32
Dwu�neuueu, new qt ezranf�ni, A9 S5(e)
Eqnuetxat�qn rtqrett{, A9 S5(h), A9 S6(b), A32 S28
Eqwnt�eu, A9 S;, A8 S3(h), A32 S2
Gfweat�qna＀, ＀�tetat{, ue�ent�h�e, te＀�i�qwu, qt ehat�tab＀e/wue
rtqrett{, A9 S5(a)
Gzeort�qnu, A9 S5, A9 S6(e), A9 S8, A32 S29, A32 S28,
A32 S56
J�utqt�e rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(f), A32 S22
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, See JQMGSVGAD PTQPGTVY
K＀＀eia＀ auueuuoentu, te＀�eh htqo, A9 S35
Kntani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{, A9 S2, A9 S;(a)
Neaueu, rwb＀�e＀{ h�naneef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
N�xeutqe�, A9 S6(e)
Nqea＀ iqxetnoentu, A9 S;
M�＀＀aie, A9 S2, A9 S;(b), A32 S2
Mqttiaieu, qb＀�iat�qnu ueewtef b{, A9 S2
Mwn�e�ra＀ rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(a)
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, A9 S;, A32 S2
Ptqrett{ arrta�uetu, A8 S3(f)
Ptqrett{ w�th�n own�e�ra＀�t�eu, beneh�t hqt eqwnt{
wn�neqtrqtatef ateau, A8 S3(h)
Tateu, A9 S2, A9 S;(b), A32 S2
Tea＀ rtqrett{
Ehanie qh auueuuoentu, A9 S6(i), (h), A32 S29
Gzeort�qnu, A9 S5, A9 S8
Nqea＀ tazeu, A9 S;
Tate, A9 S2, A9 S;(b), A32 S2
State taz, A9 S3(a)
Va＀wat�qn, A9 S6
Teeteat�qna＀ ＀anfu, A9 S6(a)
Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu, A9 S6(�), A32 S3;,
A32 S2;, A32 S56
Tentetu, taz te＀�eh, A9 S8(e)
Teu�fent�a＀ rtqrett{ eqnta�n�ni n�ne wn�tu qt hewet,
A9 S6(i), A32 S29
Sehqq＀ rwtrqueu, A9 S8(a), A9 S;, A; S6(b)
Sq＀at fex�eeu, A32 S56
Sree�a＀ f�utt�etu, A9 S;, A32 S2, A32 S35
State, A9 S3(a)
Stqe�/�n/ttafe, A9 S6(e)
Vani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{
Gzeort�qnu, A9 S3(b), A9 S5(e), (e), A9 S6(e), A32 S29
Nqea＀ tazeu, A9 S;
38
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
TAXATION (Eqnt0)
Af xa＀qteo tazeu (Eqnt0)
Vani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{ (Eqnt0)
Tate, A9 S2, A9 S;(b), A32 S2
State taz, A9 S3(a)
Va＀wat�qn, A9 S6(e)
Vaz ant�e�rat�qn eett�h�eateu, A9 S32
Va＀wat�qn qh rtqrett{, A9 S6
Vqtet awthqt�zat�qn, A9 S;(b)
Yatet oanaieoent rwtrqueu, A9 S;(b)
Y�nf faoaie teu�utanee �ortqxeoentu, A9 S6(�),
A32 S2;
Yqt��ni watethtqnt rtqrett�eu, A9 S6(�), A32 S52
A�tr＀aneu, A9 S3(b)
Dqatu, A9 S3(b)
Eqnuetxat�qn rtqrett{, A9 S5(h), A9 S6(b), A32 S28
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh ＀qea＀ iqxetnoentu, A8 S5
Eqtrqtat�qn �neqoe taz, A9 S5(b)
Eqwnt�eu, A9 S;, A8 S3(h), A32 S2
Dqewoent eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt eqnuetxat�qn
rwtrqueu, A32 S28
Gutate taz, A9 S5(a)
Gzeort�qnu
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, A9 S5, A9 S6(e), A9 S8, A32 S29,
A32 S28, A32 S56
D＀�nf retuqnu, A9 S5(b)
Eqoown�t{ anf eeqnqo�e fexe＀qroent, new qt
ezranfef bwu�neuueu, A9 S5(e)
Eqnuetxat�qn rtqrett{, A9 S5(h), A32 S28
D�uab＀ef retuqnu, A9 S5(b), A9 S8(e)
G＀fet＀{ retuqnu, A9 S6(h), A9 S8(f), (e), A32 S28,
A32 S58
Jeafu qh hao�＀{, A9 S5(b)
J�utqt�e rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(f)
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, See JQMGSVGAD PTQPGTVY
uwbt�t＀e Gzeort�qnu uwb/uwbt�t＀e Vazat�qn
Jqwuehq＀f iqqfu anf retuqna＀ ehheetu, A9 S5(b)
M�＀�tat{ retuqnne＀ fer＀q{ef �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{
qretat�qnu, A9 S5(i), A32 S53
Mwn�e�ra＀ rtqrett{, A9 S5(a)
Sq＀at fex�eeu qt tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu,
A32 S56
Vani�b＀e retuqna＀ rtqrett{, A9 S3(b), A9 S5(e), (e),
A9 S6(e), A32 S29
Vetetanu, A9 S8(e)
Y�fqwu anf w�fqwetu, A9 S5(b), A9 S8(h), A32 S55
Gau taz, A32 S;(e)
Geneta＀＀{, A9
Gtquu teee�rtu taz, wt�＀�t{ uetx�eeu, A32 S;(a)
J�utqt�e rtqrett�eu, A9 S5(f), A9 S6(e), A32 S22
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, See JQMGSVGAD PTQPGTVY
K＀＀eia＀ tazeu, te＀�eh htqo, A9 S35
Kneqoe taz, A9 S5
Knhet�tanee taz, A9 S5(a)
Neaueu, rwb＀�e＀{ h�naneef hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S32(e)
N�eenue taz, A9 S3(b)
N�o�tat�qnu
Eqnuq＀�fat�qn qh eqwnt{ anf own�e�ra＀�t�eu, ehheet, A8 S5
P＀efi�ni etef�t qh utate qt rq＀�t�ea＀ uwbf�x�u�qnu, A9 S32
Texenwe eq＀＀eet�qn ＀�o�tat�qnu, A9 S3(e), A33 S5,
A32 S23
Wn�neqtrqtatef ateau, A8 S3(h)
Nqea＀ tazeu, A9 S;
Mqb�＀e hqoeu, A9 S3(b)
Mqtqt xeh�e＀eu
Af xa＀qteo tazeu, A9 S3(b)
Hwe＀ tazeu, A9 S39(b), A32 S;(e)
N�eenue taz, A9 S3(b)
Mwn�e�ra＀�t�eu, A9 S;, A32 S2
Patwta＀ retuqnu, A9 S5(a)
Pew State tazeu �orquef b{ eqnut�twt�qna＀ aoenfoent,
arrtqxa＀ b{ twq/th�tfu xqte qh xqtetu, A33 S9
Index
TAXATION (Eqnt0)
Pat�/owtwe＀ taz, A9 S9
Ta�u�ni uwhh�e�ent texenwe, A9 S3(f)
Tenewab＀e eneti{ uqwtee fex�eeu, A9 S6(�), A32 S3;,
A32 S2;, A32 S56
Tentetu, taz te＀�eh, A9 S8(e)
Texenwe, ieneta＀＀{, See TGVGPWG
Sehqq＀ f�utt�etu, A9 S8(a), A9 S;, A; S6(b)
Seeqnf iau taz, A32 S;(e)
S＀qt oaeh�ne texenweu, A32 S25(b)
Sq＀at fex�eeu, A32 S56
Sree�a＀ f�utt�etu, A9 S;, A32 S2, A32 S35
Sree�a＀ ＀awu, A5 S33(a)
State/rteeortef tazeu, A9 S3(a)
Vaz eq＀＀eetqt, A8 S3(f)
Vaz ＀�enu, hqoeuteaf rtqrett{, A32 S6(a)
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, A2 S5(a),
A33 S5(a), A33 S8
Vazeu wnfet 3885 Eqnut�twt�qn, A32 S9(a)
Vazra{etu' D�＀＀ qh T�ihtu, A3 S25
TAXATION AND BUDGET REFORM COMMISSION,
A2 S5(a), A33 S5(a), A33 S8
TERM LIMITS, A8 S6(b)
TERMS OF OFFICE
Eab�net oeobetu, A6 S5(a), A8 S6(b)
Eqwnt{ eqoo�uu�qnetu, A8 S3(e)
Eqwnt{ qhh�eetu, A8 S3(f)
Gfweat�qn bqatfu, arrq�nt�xe, A; S5
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;
Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(a), (b)
Jqwue qh Terteuentat�xeu, A5 S35(b), A8 S6(b), A32 S36
Jwfieu, A5 S32, A5 S33(a), (b)
Jwf�e�a＀ nqo�nat�ni eqoo�uu�qnu, A5 S22(e)
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S32(a), (h)
N�ewtenant Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(a), A8 S6(b)
N�o�tat�qn qh teto, A5 S35, A6 S5(b), A8 S6(b)
Patq＀e anf Ptqbat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S8(e)
Pwb＀�e fehenfetu, A5 S38
Sehqq＀ bqatfu, A; S6(a)
Senate, A5 S35(a), A8 S6(b), A32 S32
State attqtne{u, A5 S39
Swret�ntenfentu qh uehqq＀u, A; S5
W0S0 Senatqtu anf terteuentat�xeu, A8 S6(b)
TOBACCO, A32 S22, A32 S29
TRAFFIC HEARING OFFICERS, A5 S3
TRANSPORTATION RIGHTS-OF-WAY, A9 S39, A32 S3;
TREASON, A3 S22, A6 S8(b)
TRIAL BY JURY, A3 S38(a), A3 S22
TRIALS
Arrea＀u, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b)
Et�o�na＀, A3 S38(a)
Gx�fenee, See GVKDGPEG
Jwt{, A3 S38(a), A3 S22, A5 S33(a)
Jwxen�＀e rtqeeef�niu, A3 S35(b)
Ptett�a＀ te＀eaue anf fetent�qn, A3 S36
S�te feu�inat�qn, A5 S9
TRUST FUNDS (PUBLIC)
Dwfiet utab�＀�zat�qn hwnf, A5 S3;(i), A9 S3(e)
Gfweat�qn ＀qttet{ hwnfu, A32 S35
Gxeti＀afeu, A32 S39
3;
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
Index
VETERANS AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF, A6 S33
TRUST FUNDS (PUBLIC) (Eqnt0)
Geneta＀ texenwe hwnf, A5 S3;(h), (i), A5 S22(e), A32 S28(e)
Knut�twt�qnu qh h�ihet ＀eatn�ni anf �wn�qt eq＀＀eie ear�ta＀
qwt＀a{, A32 S;(a)
Kntetna＀ �ortqxeoent, A6 S6(h)
Knxeutoent, A9 S32(a)
Nanf aeqw�u�t�qn, A6 S6(h), A32 S28, A32 S;(a)
Nei�u＀at�xe arrtqxa＀, A5 S3;(h)
Pwb＀�e efweat�qn ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{ anf febt uetx�ee, A32 S;(a)
Sehqq＀ f�utt�et anf eqoown�t{ eq＀＀eie f�utt�et ear�ta＀ qwt＀a{
anf febt uetx�ee, A32 S;(f)
State tqafu f�utt�bwt�qn hwnf, A32 S;(e)
State uehqq＀ hwnf, A; S8
Swnuet rtqx�u�qnu, A5 S3;(h)
VETO, A5 S8, A5 S;, A5 S3;(b)
VICTIMS OF CRIME, RIGHTS OF, A3 S38(b)
VOCATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOLS, A9 S35(a), A32 S;(a)
VOTE
Eab�net oeobetu, t�e xqte, A6 S6(a)
G＀eetqtu, A32 S32(f)
Nei�u＀at�xe hqwue qt iqxetnoenta＀ bqf�eu, A32 S32(e)
VOTING
G＀eet�qnu, See GNGEVKQPS
Nei�u＀atwte, A5 S6(e), A5 S9, A5 S8(e), A32 S32(e)
TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, A32 S;(b)
U
W
UNITED STATES
Eenuwu, A32 S8
Eqniteuu�qna＀ oeobetu htqo H＀qt�fa, teto ＀�o�tat�qnu,
A8 S6(b)
Eqniteuu�qna＀ tef�utt�et�ni iw�fe＀�neu, A5 S22
Eqnut�twt�qn
Aoenfoent, A32 S3
Arrqtt�qnoent qh Nei�u＀atwte, A5 S38(a)
Eqwtt �ntetrtetat�qn, tex�ew, A5 S5(b)
Hqwtth aoenfoent ueateh anf ue�zwte t�ihtu, eqnhqto�t{
w�th, A3 S32
Qath tq fehenf, A2 S5(b), A8 S5
Eqwttu qh Arrea＀u, A5 S2(a), A5 S5(b)
Gutate taz, A9 S5(a)
Kneqoe taz, A9 S5, A9 S32(e)
M�＀�tat{ retuqnne＀ fer＀q{ef �n uwrrqtt qh o�＀�tat{ qretat�qn,
hqoeuteaf ezeort�qn, A9 S5(i), A32 S53
Pat�qna＀ Gwatf, A9 S5(i), A32 S2(f), A32 S53
Qb＀�iat�qnu, �nxeutoent qh rwb＀�e hwnfu �n, A9 S32(b)
Qhh�eetu, hq＀f�ni utate qhh�ee, A2 S5(a)
Senatqtu htqo H＀qt�fa, teto ＀�o�tat�qnu, A8 S6(b)
Swrteoe Eqwtt, A3 S32, A3 S39, A5 S5(b)
WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES, A9 S36
WATER POLLUTION
Gxeti＀afeu, A2 S9(b), A32 S39(a), (e)
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn awthqt�t{, A6 S;
State bqnf h�nane�ni, rq＀＀wt�qn eqnttq＀ hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
State rq＀�e{, A2 S9(a)
WATER RESOURCES
Dqnf h�nane�ni qh fexe＀qroent, A9 S33(e)
Dqewoentu eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt rtqteet�qn,
A32 S28(b)
State bqnf h�nane�ni, watet hae�＀�t�eu, A9 S36
WIDOWS AND WIDOWERS
Jqoeuteaf rtqrett{, A32 S6(b), (e)
Vaz ezeort�qn, A9 S5(b), A9 S8(h), A32 S55
WILDLIFE
Dqewoent eze�ue taz rtqeeefu, wue hqt hab�tat rtqteet�qn,
A32 S28(b)
H�uh, See HKSJKPG
H�uh anf Y�＀f＀�he Eqnuetxat�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A6 S;,
A32 S25
Gaoe anf Hteuh Yatet H�uh Eqoo�uu�qn, A32 S25
UNIVERSITIES, A9 S35(a), A; S3(a), A; S9, A32 S;(a)
V
WITNESSES
Eqorw＀uqt{ rtqeeuu, A3 S38(a)
Eqnhtqntat�qn b{ aeewuef, A3 S38(a)
Et�o�na＀ tt�a＀u, A3 S;, A3 S38(a)
Nei�u＀atwte, A5 S6(e), A5 S5
Se＀h/�net�o�nat�qn, A3 S;
Vteauqn, A3 S22
Wnteauqnab＀e fetent�qn, A3 S39
VACANCY IN OFFICE
E�tewoutaneeu eqnut�twt�ni xaeane{, A32 S5
Eqnut�twt�qn Tex�u�qn Eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S2(b)
Eqwnt{ qhh�eeu, A6 S3(h)
G＀eet�qn tq h�＀＀ xaeane{, A8 S5
Gneo{ attae� eoetiene{, A2 S8
Gqxetnqt, A6 S5(a)
Koreaehoent, A5 S39(b)
Jwfieu, A5 S32(a), A5 S33
Jwf�e�a＀ Swa＀�h�eat�qnu Eqoo�uu�qn, A5 S32(a), (h)
Nei�u＀atqtu, A5 S35(f)
State qhh�eeu, A6 S3(h)
Swurenfef qhh�eetu, A6 S9
Vazat�qn anf Dwfiet Tehqto Eqoo�uu�qn, A33 S8(b)
WOMEN
Dau�e t�ihtu, A3 S2
WORK, RIGHT TO, A3 S8
WORKFORCE INNOVATION, AGENCY FOR, A32 S26(e), (h)
VENUE, A3 S38(a), A5 S33(a)
WORKPLACE SMOKING, A32 S22
VETERANS
Eqobat/te＀atef f�uab�＀�t�eu, hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz
f�ueqwnt, A9 S8(e), A32 S52
Swtx�x�ni urqwueu qh xetetanu f{�ni htqo
uetx�ee/eqnneetef eawueu wh�＀e qn aet�xe fwt{,
hqoeuteaf rtqrett{ taz ezeort�qn, A9 S8(h), A32 S55
WRITS
Eett�qtat�, A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
E�tew�t eqwtt, A5 S5(b)
D�utt�et eqwttu qh arrea＀, A5 S6(b)
Jabeau eqtrwu, See JADGAS EQTPWS
Manfaowu, A5 S5(b), A5 S6(b), A5 S5(b)
22
Index
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
WRITS (Cont.)
Prohibition, A5 S3(b), A5 S4(b), A5 S5(b)
Quo warranto, A5 S3(b), A5 S4(b), A5 S5(b)
WRITS (Cont.)
Supreme Court, A5 S3(b)
21
Index
Compiled by:
Division of Laws Revision and Information
The Florida Legislature
rev.info@leg.state.fl.us
(850) 488-8403
Published by:
Florida Department of State
dos.myflorida.com
(850) 245-6200