C spine Quiz Study Guide
Nervous System terminology PPT
Afferent (sensory) fibers carries information to the CNS from sense organs and from sensory receptors
in body (smell, feel, taste, touch, hear)
Efferent (motor) fibers carry information away from the CNS to effector organs (muscles, glands)
Peripheral nerve: a bundle of nerve fiber; either spinal or cranial, strong and resilient
Neck Structures PPT
Anterior and Posterior triangles:
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Anterior
o Bounded superiorly by the body of the mandible, posteriorly by the SCM muscle and
anteriorly by the midline
o Vessels: Carotid system of arteries, common carotid & its terminal branches, external
carotid artery, internal jugular vein & its tributaries, anterior jugular vein
o Muscles:
 Suprahyoid:
 Mylohyoid
 Geniohyoid
 Stylohyoid
 Digastrics
 Infrahyoid:
 “strap muscles”
 Sternohyoid
 Omohyoid
 Sternothyroid
 Thyrohyoid
Posterior:
o Bounded posteriorly by trapezius muscle, anteriorly by SCM muscle, inferiorly by clavicle
o Vessels: External jugular vein, subclavian vein, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular
artery, part of occipital artery
o Muscles: Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, scalenus medius,
scalenus anterior, inferior belly of omohyoid
What forms cervical plexus: Anterior rami of C1-C5. Rami joins to form loops that lie in front of the
origins of the levator scapulae and scalenus medius muscles
Cervical plexus diagram
C spine PPT
Vertebral discs
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C1, C2, C7 – Atypical
o C1: Atlas, ringlike, kidney-shaped, carries the skull, lacks spinous process
o C2: Axis, peg-like dens,
o C7: Vertebrae susceptibility, long spinous process, transverse processes are large,
foramina are small
C3-C6 – Typical
o Smaller body, has large foramen, short and spinous processes
Meninges (layers, components)
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Dura – outer most layer composed of tough, fibrous elastic tissue
Arachnoid – middle layer composed of fibrous and elastic tissues that lines the dural sac
Pia – inner most layer composed of 2 fused layers of loose connective tissue that adhere closely
to the surface of the spinal cord
Know c vertebrae and landmarks
Organization of cervical fascia (superficial, deep)
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Superficial:
o Thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue between dermis and investing layer of
deep cervical fascia
 Contains: Platysma, cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, superficial
lymph nodes, fat
Deep:
o 3 Layers:
 Investing Layer: Most Superficial, thick layer encircles neck
 Attachments: (A)= hyoid bone, (S)= EOP, Superior nuchal line, (I)=spine,
clavicle, scapula,manubrium, (P) = nuchal ligament of vertebral column
 Pretracheal: Thin layer, attached to laryngeal cartilages
 Prevertabral: thick layer, passes across neck behind pharynx and esophagus,
forms fascial floor of posterior triangle
o Layers support visceral, muscle, vessels, and deep lymph nodes
Ligaments/Muscles PPT
Infrahyoid muscles action
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Anterior infrahyoid: Depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Suprahyoid muscles action
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Anterior suprahyoid: elevates hyoid and larynx
Know at least 3 muscles in each category (suboccipital, anteriolateral, paravertebral)
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Suboccipital: Obliques Capitus Inferior, Obliques Capitus Minor, Splenius Capitus
Anteriolateral: Anterior Scalene, Middle scalene, posterior scalene
Paravertebral: Longus colli, longus capitus, rectus capitis anterior
Why is hyoid bone important? It help keeps the airway open
Identify ligaments:
Cervical Spine Ligaments
 Anterior longitudinal
 Posterior longitudinal
 Ligamentum Flava(um)
 Interspinous
 Supraspinous
 Ligamentum nuchae
Identify muscles on diagram (lab)
Pathology PPT
Identify pictures of common pathology
Risk factors for DDD DJD: Increase ear and tear on healthy cartilage, joints, loss of rom, decreased
function
DDD, DJD cycle degeneration: Decreased disc cushion, bones get closer, joints take on extra loads, facet
joints break down, cartilage breaks down, bones are exposed inflammatory process begins, joint
irritation