Chapter 1
Scientific Measurements
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
A tentative explanation used to explain observed facts or laws is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the scientific method.
a scientific law.
a theory.
a hypothesis.
an empirical fact.
Answer: d
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: easy
2.
A broad generalization based on the results of many experiments is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the scientific method.
a scientific law.
a theory.
a hypothesis.
an empirical fact.
Answer: b
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
3.
Which of the following is false?
a. Experiments can be used to show that a theory is somewhat limited in scope.
b. A hypothesis which has successfully withstood many tests eventually can become
a theory.
c. In general, a theory can be proven to be absolutely true.
d. In general, a theory cannot be proven to be absolutely true.
e. A theory is an explanation of general principles which has withstood repeated
testing.
Answer: c
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: hard
1-1
4.
A scientific law is
a. a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further
experimentation.
b. a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same
under the same conditions.
c. a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
d. a model used to visualize the invisible.
e. a rule that sets the standard units of scientific values.
Answer: b
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: hard
5.
Which of the following gives the best description of what the scientific method is?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is the process of carefully following the steps of a lab procedure.
It is the guidelines that are followed during laboratory measurements.
It is unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
It is the process of making observations and then designing ways to evaluate or
explain those observations.
e. It is a guidebook for laboratory techniques that is followed by all chemists.
Answer: d
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
6.
An example of an element is
a. glucose, C6H12O6.
b. table salt, NaCl.
c. gold, Au.
d. an oxide of iron, Fe2O3.
e. limestone, CaCO3.
Answer: c
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-2
7.
An example of an element is
a. ozone gas, O3.
b. water, H2O.
c. benzene, C6H6.
d. carbon dioxide gas, CO2.
e. ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
8.
An example of a chemical compound is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
iron metal, Fe.
brass, a solution of Cu and Zn.
ozone gas, O3.
sand.
table salt, NaCl.
Answer: e
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
9.
An example of a chemical compound is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
silver, Ag.
helium gas, He.
carbon dioxide gas, CO2.
mercury metal, Hg.
hydrogen gas, H2.
Answer: c
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-3
10. The two types of pure substances are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
compounds and elements.
compounds and solutions.
elements and mixtures.
mixtures and solutions.
solutions and elements.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
11. Which is an example of a chemical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Steam from the boiling water condenses on the ceiling.
The solid metal is heated until it melts.
The gas is cooled until it finally becomes a liquid.
A piece of paper burns in air with a smoky flame.
The table salt in the warehouse container had very large chunks in it.
Answer: d
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
12. Which is an example of a physical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The milk in the box left on the table becomes sour after a few days.
The bit of scrap metal dissolves when placed in the container of acid.
The gas is cooled until it finally becomes a liquid.
A piece of paper burns in air with a smoky flame.
Bubbles are seen on the egg shell after some vinegar is poured on it.
Answer: c
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
1-4
13. Which is an example of a physical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Water, when heated, forms steam.
Bleach turns hair yellow.
Sugar, when heated, becomes brown.
Milk turns sour over time.
Apples, when exposed to air, turn brown over time.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
14. Which is an example of a chemical change?
a. The milk in the carton became frozen after the carton was accidentally placed in
the freezing compartment.
b. The bit of scrap metal was crushed by the heavy machine.
c. The gas was cooled until it eventually became a liquid.
d. The piece of paper was cut into many thin strips by the shredding machine.
e. Bubbles were seen on the egg shell after some vinegar was poured on it.
Answer: e
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
15. Which is an example of a physical change?
a. Steam from the boiling water condenses on the cooler part of the ceiling.
b. The crude metal ore was first heated then combined with pure oxygen gas to make
the oxide of the metal.
c. The chef made scrambled eggs for their breakfast.
d. A piece of paper burns in air with a smoky flame.
e. The table salt in the warehouse was used to make some of the polymeric material.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
1-5
16. Which is an example of a physical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Water freezing at 0°C.
Burning gasoline.
A potato turns brown after being cut open and left out.
Heating magnesium metal causes it to turn into an off white solid.
When exposed to certain metals hydrogen peroxide will bubble and fizz.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
17. Which is an example of both a physical and a chemical change?
a. The milk in the carton became frozen after the carton was accidentally placed in
the freezing compartment overnight.
b. The bit of scrap metal was removed to the junkyard after being crushed by the
heavy machine.
c. The gas was collected in a flask and cooled until it eventually became a liquid.
d. The old parchment became dry after being placed in the hot oven, but then was
charred since it was not removed in the specified time.
e. Bubbles were seen on the egg shell when the vinegar was poured on it.
Answer: d
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: hard
18. Which is an example of both a physical and a chemical change?
a. The milk in the carton became frozen because the carton was accidentally placed
in the freezing compartment overnight.
b. The bit of scrap metal was removed to the junkyard after being crushed by the
heavy machine.
c. The gas was collected in a flask and cooled until it eventually became a liquid.
d. The old parchment became dry when it was placed in the warm oven for ten
minutes.
e. Bubbles were seen on the egg shell soon after a sample of the vinegar was
poured on it.
Answer: e
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: hard
1-6
19. An example of a chemical change is
a. the mixing of glucose with table salt.
b. the dissolving of table salt in water.
c. sodium combining with chlorine to form table salt.
d. mixing rust with sand.
e. mixing chalk with helium in a balloon.
Answer: c
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
20. Which of the examples below is a chemical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A bottle of wine completely evaporates in two weeks.
Bleach changes the color of the stain on the white shirt.
The ‘dry ice’ (solid CO2) changes to vapor.
Bubbles form in the water when He gas is blown into the water.
These are all examples of chemical change.
Answer: b
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
21. Which is an example of a chemical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the separation of air into oxygen, nitrogen, and other components
the separation of a compound into its elements
the separation of gases from liquids
the separation of a mixture into its components
the separation of solids from liquids
Answer: b
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-7
22. Which one of the following is a physical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
When ignited with a match in open air, paper burns.
In cold weather, water condenses on the inside surface of single pane windows.
When treated with bleach, some dyed fabrics change color.
When heated strongly, sugar turns dark brown.
Grape juice left in an open unrefrigerated container turns sour.
Answer: b
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
23. Which is an example of a physical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The ‘dry ice’ (solid CO2) changes to vapor.
A bottle of wine turns into vinegar in a few months.
Bleach changes the color of the stain on the white shirt.
Bubbles form on the egg shell when it is placed in the vinegar.
A portion of the figurine dissolves after being placed in the container of acid.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
24. Which one of the following examples does not involve a chemical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A fish that is left for some time in an unrefrigerated place decomposes.
Apple juice which is left in an open bottle, ferments.
A loaf of bread rises and its volume expands when it is baked in an oven.
When a lake starts to freeze in winter, ice is formed on the surface.
When sugar is fermented under certain conditions, alcohol is produced.
Answer: d
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-8
25. Which one of the following is a chemical change?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
When blood is mixed with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, it changes color.
When water is boiled, it forms steam.
When a solid stick of butter is heated, it becomes a liquid.
When blue paint is mixed with yellow paint, a green colored paint is obtained.
When a bar of gold metal is pounded with a hammer, it flattens out.
Answer: a
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
26. Which of the following is not a chemical change?
a. A nail rusts when exposed to air and moisture.
b. Milk turns sour if left unrefrigerated.
c. Yeast produces carbon dioxide to help bread rise.
d. Copper is molded with heat to form pipes.
e. Mixing baking soda and vinegar causes fizzing and bubbling.
Answer: e
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
27. Each of the following properties of a sample of a pure substance can be used for
identification except its
a. density.
b. freezing point temperature.
c. mass.
d. melting point temperature.
e. solubility in water.
Answer: c
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
1-9
28. A physical property is one that
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
can be observed without changing the chemical identity of a substance.
is based on one particular scientific law.
describes a chemical reaction that a substance undergoes.
cannot be seen with the naked eye.
is considered hypothetical in origin.
Answer: a
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
29. Which is an example of a physical property?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
corrosiveness of sulfuric acid
toxicity of cyanide
flammability of gasoline
neutralization of stomach acid with an antacid
lead become a liquid when heated to 601 °C
Answer: e
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
30. Which is an example of a physical property?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
dynamite explodes
meat rots if it is not refrigerated
honey tastes sweet
ice floats on top of liquid water
a silver platter tarnishes over time.
Answer: e
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
1-10
31. All of these statements describe properties of sodium. Which one describes a physical
property of sodium?
Sodium’s surface turns black when first exposed to air.
Sodium is a solid at 25°C and changes to a liquid when heated to 98°C.
When exposed to water, sodium reacts violently and a gas is formed.
When placed in contact with chlorine, sodium forms a compound that melts at
801°C.
e. Sodium is never found as a pure metal in nature.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer: b
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
32. Water can also exist as a gas that is called
a. ice.
b. steam.
c. the melt.
d. molecules.
e. atomic water.
Answer: b
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
33. Which of the following describes a chemical property?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A property based solely on the scientific method.
A property which is based on a particular scientific law.
A property which describes a change a substance undergoes.
A property which cannot be seen.
A property which is considered hypothetical.
Answer: c
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
1-11
34. All of these statements describe properties of tin. Which one describes a chemical property
of tin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Tin can be hammered into a thin sheet.
The density of white tin is 7.365 g cm-3.
Tin melts at 231.9°C.
When a bar of tin is bent, it emits an audible “cry”.
Tin dissolves slowly in cold, dilute hydrochloric acid, but it dissolves readily in
concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Answer: e
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
35. Which is an example of a chemical property?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
combustibility
volatility
viscosity
malleability
ductility
Answer: a
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
36. Which is an example of an intensive property of matter?
a. color
b. volume
c. mass
d. weight
e. length
Answer: a
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
1-12
37. Which is an example of an intensive property of matter?
a. temperature
b. volume
c. length
d. weight
e. melting point
Answer: e
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
38. Which is an example of an extensive property of matter?
a. color
b. density
c. mass
d. melting point
e. flash point
Answer: c
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
39. Which is an example of an extensive property of matter?
a. surface area
b. boiling point
c. density
d. hardness
e. freezing point
Answer: a
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
1-13
40. The kilo is
a. a unit of mass.
b. a unit used in medical terminology.
c. a decimal multiplier in the metric system.
d. a unit of speed.
e. a volume unit used by the DEA (drug enforcement agency).
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
41. The SI base units of temperature and mass, respectively, are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
degree and gram.
kelvin and kilogram.
Celsius and milligram.
degree and kilogram.
kelvin and gram.
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
42. The SI base units of length and mass, respectively, are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
centimeter and gram.
inch and kilogram.
meter and kilogram.
meter and gram.
inch and pound.
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
1-14
43. Which of the following is an SI base unit?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
dyne
newton
milliliter
ampere
calorie
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
44. Which is a unit of surface area of a circular object?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
pascal
joule
square meter
cubic centimeter
kilometer
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
45. The SI derived unit for area is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
square centimeter.
square yard.
square kilometer.
square meter.
pascal.
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-15
46. The density of an object is the ratio of its mass to its volume. What is the derived SI unit for
density?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
kg m/s3
kg m/s
kg/m3
m/s2
pounds per cubic inches
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
47. The momentum of an object is its mass times its velocity. What is the derived SI unit for
momentum?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
kg/m
kg m/s
g m/s
m/s2
pounds per inches
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
48. The force experienced by an object is its mass times its acceleration. What is the derived SI
unit for force?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
kg m/s2
kg m/s
g m/s
m/s2
pounds per inches squared
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-16
49. The volume of a cylinder is  r2h, where r is the radius and h is the height. What is the
derived SI unit for the volume of a cylinder?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
kg m/s3
liter
cm3
m3
cubic inches
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
50. The SI prefixes giga and micro, indicate respectively:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
109 and 10-6
10-9 and 10-6
106 and 10-3
103 and 10-3
10-9 and 10-3
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
51. The SI prefixes mega and nano indicate, respectively:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
109 and 10-6
10-6 and 109
106 and 10-9
106 and 109
10-6 and 10-9
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
1-17
52. The SI prefixes kilo and centi indicate, respectively:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
103 and 10-2
106 and 10-1
10-3 and 10-2
10-6 and 102
102 and 10-3
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
53. Which is the longest measurement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10 mm
10 dm
10 cm
10 m
They are all the same measurement.
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
54. Which is the shortest measurement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10 mm
1 km
10 cm
10 m
They are all the same measurement.
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-18
55. Which is the shortest measurement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10 mm
1 km
10 cm
10 in
They are all the same measurement.
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
56. Which is the longest measurement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10 mm
10 dm
10 cm
10 in
They are all the same measurement.
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: hard
57. What is the number needed to complete the following: 1 dm = __ m?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10
20
1
0.1
0.01
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-19
58. What is the number needed to complete the following: 1 m = __ pm?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10-6
2.010-9
10-12
0.1
1012
Answer: e
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
59. What is the number needed to complete the following: 1 g = __ kg?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
103
2.010-9
10-3
0.1
1012
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
60. What is the number needed to complete the following: 1 g = __ g?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
106
10-9
10-3
0.1
10-2
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-20
61.
The boiling point of chlorine is -34.6 °C. This temperature expressed in Kelvin is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-30.3 K
177.4 K
238.6 K
243.0 K
307.6 K
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
62. Convert 25.4 K to oC.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-30.3 oC
-247.8 oC
-38.6 oC
-13.8 oC
-107.6 oC
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
63. Convert 79.0°F to oC.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
79.0 oC
26.1 oC
352 oC
45 oC
111 oC
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-21
64. Ammonia boils at -33.4°C. What temperature is this in °F?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-60.1 oF
-92.1 oF
-28.1 oF
-18.5 oF
13.5 oF
Answer: c
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
65. The boiling point of barium is 725 °C. Determine the equivalent value in °F.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
435 °F
1337 °F
1247 °F
1392 °F
1273 °F
Answer: b
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
66. The melting point of a metal is listed in one handbook as 630.5 °C. Determine the
equivalent value in °F.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
382.41 °F
1103.3 °F
1077.7 °F
1166.9 °F
1192.9 °F
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-22
67. The melting point of lead acetate, a white solid, is 280 °C. Determine the melting point of
this compound in units of °F.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
446 °F
472 °F
504 °F
536 °F
562 °F
Answer: d
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
68. Convert 60.0°F to Kelvin.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
289 K
15.6 K
140 K
413 K
333 K
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
69. On a day in the summer of 1992, the temperature fell from 98 °F to 75 °F in just three hours.
The temperature drop expressed in Celsius degrees (°C) was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13 °C
41 °C
45 °C
9 °C
75 °C
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: hard
1-23
70. On a day in the summer of 1976, the temperature fell from 95 °F to 75 °F in just three hours.
The temperature drop expressed in Celsius degrees (°C) was
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11 °C
13 °C
18 °C
20 °C
-12 °C
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: hard
71. The melting point of antimony is listed in one handbook as 1167.3 °F. Expressed in Kelvin
this temperature would be
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
357.6 K
496.8 K
583.7 K
894.2 K
903.9 K
Answer: e
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
72. The highest temperature recorded in the athletic field house when the cooling units were
being replaced and upgraded was 122.0 °F. Express this temperature in Kelvin.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
323.2 K
337.6 K
341.0 K
435.2 K
492.8 K
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-24
73. A metal alloy melts at 874 K. What is this temperature in °F?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
302 °F
365 °F
1050 °F
1082 °F
1114 °F
Answer: e
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
74. The boiling point of carbonyl selenide is 251.4 K. What is this temperature in °F?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
- 7.1 °F
- 44.1 °F
- 96.7 °F
0.00 °F
+18.5 °F
Answer: a
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
75. A number resulting from a measurement was properly expressed in scientific notation as
3.170  10-2 meters (m). The number could also be written correctly as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.0317 m
0.03170 m
0.032 m
317 m
317.0 m
Answer: b
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
1-25
76. How many significant figures does the number 1.030 x 107 have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2
3
4
7
1
Answer: c
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
77. How many significant figures are in 5100.0 L?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
3
4
5
Answer: e
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
78. An electronic balance used in the mailroom displays tenths of a kilogram from 0 to 140 kg.
How many significant figures should be used to express the mass of a package which has a
mass between 80.2 and 83.5 kg?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3
5
4
2
1
Answer: a
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
1-26
79. Which response gives the correct number of significant figures for all three of the following
measurements? 7.103 cm, 0.00005 inch, and 1.3400  10-4 dm3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3, 5, and 4
3, 1, and 3
4, 1, and 3
4, 1, and 5
4, 5, and 5
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
80. How many significant figures should be displayed in the result of the operation, 8.5201 +
1.93?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
3
4
5
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
81.
The number 0.0030600 is properly expressed in scientific notation as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.0600  10-2
0.30600  10-2
0.306  10-2
3.06  10-3
3.0600  10-3
Answer: e
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
1-27
82.
The number 0.02100 is properly expressed in scientific notation as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.21  10-1
2.1  10-2
2.100  10-2
21.0  10-3
2.10  10-2
Answer: c
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
83. After evaluating the expression,
13.726  0.027
8.221
how many significant figures should be displayed in the result?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
3
4
5
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
84. Give the correct answer for the following problem with the correct number of significant
figures.
(13.7 + 0.027) 
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.7
1.67
1.670
1.703
1.699
Answer: b
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
1-28
85. Give the correct answer for the following problem with the correct number of significant
figures.
(1.5 x 10-4 x 61.3) 
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.0192
2.0
2.019
2.02
2.019195
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
86. Which of the following numbers has exactly three significant figures as written?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
300
12.0
4021
0.12
0.005
Answer: b
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
87. Which of the following numbers has exactly four significant figures as written?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3150
0.921
4020
0.0068
170.0
Answer: e
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
1-29
88. When the expression, 412.272 + 0.00031 - 1.00797 + 0.000024 + 12.8, is evaluated, the
result should be expressed as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
424
424.0
424.1
424.06
424.064364
Answer: c
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
89. When the expression, 16.0200 + 0.00048 - 11.184 - 221.1, is evaluated, the result should be
expressed as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-216.3
-216.26
-216.2635
-216.26352
-2.2  102
Answer: a
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
90. Evaluate the expression to the correct number of significant figures.
0.04616  0.082057  293.30
0.654
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.69
1.70
1.699
1.6987
1.69870
Answer: b
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
1-30
91. Evaluate the expression to the correct number of significant figures.
4.268  0.082057  373.15
744.6
 2.688
760.0
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.623
49.631
49.62
49.64
49.623202
Answer: c
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
92. 1657.3 grams of a compound are to be divided between 12 students. How many grams
should each student receive? Express your answer with the correct number of significant
figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
138.108 g
138.11 g
138.1 g
138 g
1.4 x 102 g
Answer: b
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
1-31
93. An instructor gives a student a 103.1 g sample of a compound. A student takes this sample
and using one of the laboratory balances measures the sample 4 times. He got the following
results:
105.1 g
104.9 g
105.2 g
105.1 g
Based on these results, how would the student’s measurements best be characterized?
Assume that the sample’s mass is actually 103.1 g.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The measurements are both accurate and precise.
The measurements are accurate but not precise.
The measurements are precise, but not accurate.
The measurements are neither accurate nor precise.
The measurements say nothing about accuracy or precision.
Answer: c
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
94. An instructor gives a student a 103.1 g sample of a compound. A student takes this sample
and using one of the laboratory balances measures the sample 4 times. He got the following
results:
108.1 g
105.9 g
101.2 g
107.1 g
Based on these results, how would the student’s measurements best be characterized?
Assume that the sample’s mass is actually 103.1 g.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The measurements are both accurate and precise.
The measurements are accurate but not precise.
The measurements are precise, but not accurate.
The measurements are neither accurate nor precise.
The measurements say nothing about accuracy or precision.
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
95.
A distance of 1.8  10-2 meters is equal to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.8 micrometers.
1.8 millimeters.
0.18 meters.
1.8 centimeters.
18 kilometers.
Answer: d
Section 1.6
1-32
Difficulty Level: medium
96.
this?
The diameter of a certain atom was found to be 2.35  10-8 cm. How many nanometers is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.35  101 nm
2.35  10-19 nm
2.35  10-15 nm
2.35  10-1 nm
2.35  10-10 nm
Answer: d
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
97.
How many micrometers are there in 3.672 km?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.672  106 micrometers
2.723  10-7 micrometers
2.723  10-4 micrometers
3.672  109 micrometers
3.672  103 micrometers
Answer: d
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
98.
How many mm (millimeters) are there in 6.3 km?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.3  10-5 mm
6300 mm
6.3  104 mm
6.3  105 mm
6.3  106 mm
Answer: e
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-33
99.
How many cm3 are in 0.00424 dm3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.0424 cm3
0.424 cm3
4.24 cm3
0.00000424 cm3
424 cm3
Answer: c
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
100.
How many cubic inches are in 1.00 dm3? 1 in. = 2.54 cm.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
61.0 in3
155 in3
394 in3
1.64  104 in3
3.83  103 in3
Answer: a
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
101.
Which one of the following represents the smallest distance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.5 mm
0.20 inch
0.83 cm
0.73 m
0.30 yard
Answer: a
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-34
102. How many m3 are in a 1.5 L bottle of soda?
a. 1.5  101 m3
b. 0.0015 m3
c. 0.015 m3
d. 0.00015 m3
e. 1.5 m3
Answer: b
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
103. One radio station operates on an assigned frequency of 96.3 megahertz while another one
operates on an assigned frequency of 1280 kilohertz. What is the ratio of the larger to the
smaller value?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.3
13.29
75.2
75.23
13.2918
Answer: c
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
104. One radio station operates on an assigned frequency of 88.1 megahertz while another one
operates on an assigned frequency of 1460 kilohertz. What is the ratio of the larger to the
smaller value?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.5
16.57
16.57208
60.3
60.342
Answer: d
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-35
105. An industrial container was filled with 210.8 liters of a solvent. How many gallons of
solvent does this container contain?
1 pint (pt) = 473.2 mL, 1 gallon (gal) = 8 pt.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
55.00 gal
55.69 gal
59.15 gal
179.1 gal
798.0 gal
Answer: b
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
106. How many square meters are in a rectangular piece of carpet which measures 12.0 feet by
22.0 feet? 1 m = 39.37 in., 1 ft = 12 in.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.5 m2
28.4 m2
866 m2
80.5 m2
966 m2
Answer: a
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: hard
107. How many square meters of floor space are in a room which has 225.0 square yards of floor
space? 1 m = 39.37 in., 1 yard = 36 in.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
188.1 square meters
269.0 square meters
246.0 square meters
205.7 square meters
172.0 square meters
Answer: a
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: hard
1-36
108. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 3.0  101 miles per gallon, what is this rating in m L-1?
1 liter = 1 dm3, 1 gallon = 3.785 liter, 1 mile = 1.609 meter.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13 m L-1
200 m L-1
180 m L-1
70 m L-1
11 m L-1
Answer: a
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: hard
109. The diameter of a carbon atom is approximately 1 x 10-8 cm. What is this diameter when
expressed in nanometers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1 x 10-19 nm
1 x 10-15 nm
1 x 101 nm
1 x 10-10 nm
1 x 10-1 nm
Answer: e
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
110. How many milliliters are in 0.0050 L?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.50 mL
5.0 mL
0.50 mL
5.0 x 10-6 mL
5.0 x 103 mL
Answer: b
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: easy
1-37
111. The density of gold, expressed in non-SI units is 19.3 g/cm3. In SI units, the density is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.0193 kg/cm3
1.93  104 kg/cm3
1.93  104 kg/m3
193 kg/m3
1.93  10-2 kg/m3
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
112.
What is the volume of a 52.5 gram sample of nickel, if its density = 8.90 g/cm3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
467 cm3
0.170 cm3
5.90 cm3
43.6 cm3
61.4 cm3
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
113.
What is the volume of a 66.7 gram sample of vanadium (density = 6.11 g/cm3)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11.9 cm3
9.92 cm3
60.6 cm3
10.9 cm3
0.0916 cm3
Answer: d
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
1-38
114. A sample of zinc metal (density = 7.14 g/cm3) was submerged in a graduated cylinder
containing water. The water level in the cylinder rose from 162.5 cm3 to 186.0 cm3. How
many grams did the sample weigh?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
168 g
22.7 g
26.1 g
48.8 g
3.29 g
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
115. A sample of an alloy (density = 9.62 g/cm3) was submerged in a graduated cylinder
containing water. The water level in the cylinder rose from 166.5 cm3 to 182.0 cm3. How
many grams did the sample weigh?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.621 g
175 g
18.9 g
17.8 g
149 g
Answer: e
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
116. "Isooctane", a fuel used in gasoline engines because it has an antiknock octane rating of 100,
has a density of 0.6919 g/cm3. How many pounds would 20.4 gallons of this fuel (a typical
full tank) weigh? 1 gallon = 3785 cm3 = 4 quart; 1 pound = 453.6 g
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
77.2 pounds
246 pounds
118 pounds
24.2 pounds
50.6 pounds
Answer: e
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
1-39
117. Mercury, which has a density of 13.595 g/cm3, is usually stored in iron vessels for shipment.
These vessels typically have a capacity of 2.60 liters. How many pounds of mercury would
a filled container hold? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg, 1 liter = 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
77.9 pounds
86.7 pounds
11.5 pounds
16.0 pounds
42.6 pounds
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
118. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. How many pounds does a block of iron with a volume of
1.650 cubic feet weigh? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg, 1 foot = 12 in., 1 in. = 2.54 cm.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
809.6 pounds
0.8715 pounds
871.1 pounds
491.2 pounds
3.015 pounds
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
119. Iridium has a density of 22.65 g/cm3. A student has an iridium figurine on his desk which
weighs 11.50 pounds. What is its volume, in cubic inches? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg, 1 inch =
2.54 cm.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.533 cubic inches
9.410 cubic inches
14.05 cubic inches
35.70 cubic inches
90.67 cubic inches
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
1-40
120. The metric equivalent of a 55 gallon drum has a volume of 0.200 cubic meters. One such
drum was filled with a colorless liquid, Sukanol, which has a density of 1.168 g/cm3. How
many kg should this quantity of Sukanol weigh? 1000 cm3 = 1 L, 1000 L = 1 m3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24.3 kg
234 kg
243 kg
2.34  105 kg
500 kg
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
121. The metric equivalent of a 55 gallon drum has a volume of 0.200 cubic meters. One such
drum was filled with a colorless liquid, Sukanol, which has a density of 1.168 g/cm3. How
many pounds should this quantity of Sukanol weigh? 1000 cm3 = 1 L, 1000 L = 1 m3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
53.6 lb
515 lb
536 lb
5.15  105 lb
1102 lb
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
122. A 55.25 gallon container was filled with an industrial solvent whose density is 1.146 g/cm3.
How many kg should the solvent in the container weigh? 1 gallon (gal) = 3.785 liters (L) .
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.9 kg
239.7 kg
239 kg
2.39  105 kg
500 kg
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
1-41
123. The density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. What is the mass (in kg) of 20.00 cubic inches of iron? 1
inch = 2.54 cm, exactly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.46  10-3 kg
4.17  10-2 kg
0.393 kg
2.54 kg
2.58 kg
Answer: e
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
124. Acetone has a density of 0.791 g/mL. If 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters, how many kg should the
contents of a 5.00 gallon container filled with acetone weigh?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.045 kg
12.6 kg
13.8 kg
15.0 kg
23.9 kg
Answer: d
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
125. The density of cadmium metal is 8.642 g/cm3. Given that 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in.), 1 in.
= 2.54 cm, and 1 pound (lb) = 453.6 g, what is the density of cadmium in lb/ft3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.70 lb/ft3
141.6 lb/ft3
539.5 lb/ft3
263.4 lb/ft3
327.7 lb/ft3
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-42
126. The density of chromium metal is 7.20 g/cm3. Given that 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in.), 1 in. =
2.54 cm, and 1 pound (lb) = 453.6 g, what is the density of chromium in lb/ft3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.7 lb/ft3
118 lb/ft3
449 lb/ft3
219 lb/ft3
393 lb/ft3
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
127. The density of copper metal is 8.92 g/cm3. Given that 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in.), 1 in. =
2.54 cm, and 1 pound (lb) = 453.6 g, what is the density of copper in lb/ft3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.3 lb/ft3
146 lb/ft3
557 lb/ft3
272 lb/ft3
317 lb/ft3
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
128. An empty volumetric flask, weighing 27.16 grams, has a volume of 100.4 cm3. How much
would it weigh when filled with bromine, an element that has a density of 3.1028 g/cm3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
59.51 g
284.4 g
311.5 g
338.7 g
395.8 g
Answer: d
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-43
129. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. How many pounds does a gold sphere weigh if it has a
diameter of 5.20 inches? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg.
The volume of a sphere = 4 ( π r 3 ).
3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.3 pounds
19.7 pounds
51.3 pounds
63.7 pounds
411 pounds
Answer: c
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
130.
A spherical cannonball which has a volume given by
4 (π r 3 )
3
is made of an iron alloy and has a diameter of 9.55 inches and a density of 7.89 g/cm3. How
many pounds does this cannonball weigh? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg, 1 inch = 2.54 cm.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
59.0 pounds
1.30  102 pounds
41.4 pounds
1.24  103 pounds
21.0 pounds
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
131. A piece of silver (Ag) metal weighing 194.3 g is placed in a graduated cylinder containing
242.0 mL of water. The volume of water now reads 260.5 mL. From this data calculate the
density of silver.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.5 g/cm3
0.10 g/cm3
0.0952 g/cm3
1.34 g/cm3
0.0134 g/cm3
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-44
132. A piece of silver (Ag) metal weighing 194.29 g is placed in a graduated cylinder
containing 242.0 mL of water. The volume of water now reads 260.53 mL. From this data
calculate the density of silver with the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10.49 g/mL
0.095 g/mL
0.09526 g/mL
1.3409 g/mL
10.485 g/mL
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
133. In determining the density of a rectangular metal bar, a student made the following
measurements:
length = 8.56 cm
width = 2.0 cm
height = 1.865 cm
mass = 52.7064 g
Calculate the density of the metal to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.607 g/cm3
1.6 g/cm3
1.647 g/cm3
0.60714 g/cm3
0.61 g/cm3
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-45
134. Sulfuric acid has a specific gravity of 1.84 at a certain temperature. If the density of water
at the same temperature is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot, how many cubic feet of the acid will
weigh 44.5 kg? (1.0 kg = 2.20 pounds)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.04 ft3
0.853 ft3
13.0 ft3
1.55 ft3
0.0154 ft3
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
135. Ethanol has a specific gravity of 0.78 at a certain temperature. If the density of water at the
same temperature is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot, how many cubic feet of the ethanol will
weigh 19.3 kg? (1.0 kg = 2.20 pounds)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.15 ft3
0.180 ft3
0.397 ft3
0.872 ft3
48.7 ft3
Answer: d
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
136. Ethanol has a specific gravity of 0.78 at a certain temperature. If the density of water at the
same temperature is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot, what is the density of ethanol at this
temperature?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.15 lbs/ft3
48.672 lbs/ft3
0.0125 lbs/ft3
80.0 lbs/ft3
13.7 lbs/ft3
Answer: b
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: easy
1-46
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
137. A statement that describes something seen, heard, or smelled, is called an ____________.
Answer: observation
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: easy
138. A statement based on a series of observations is a ____________.
Answer: conclusion
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
139. A broad generalization based on the results from many experiments is called a__________.
Answer: scientific law
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
140. Chemistry is particularly about the way substances undergo changes in ___________.
Answer: chemical reactions
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
141. All the objects around us are examples of what are called __________.
Answer: matter
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
142. Substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical reactions are
examples of __________ .
Answer: elements
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-47
143. An abbreviation used to represent the name of an element is a __________ .
Answer: chemical symbol
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
144. The melting of lithium chloride is an example of a____________ .
Answer: physical change
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
145. The burning of sulfur is an example of a____________ .
Answer: chemical change
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
146. The dissolving of glucose in water is a ___________.
Answer: physical change
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
147. The evaporation of water from a saltwater solution until only salt is left is a ___________.
Answer: physical change
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
148. Bleaching of hair is a ___________.
Answer: chemical change
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-48
149. Water has a freezing point of 0oC. This is a __________ of water.
Answer: physical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
150.
Sodium metal reacts violently with water. This is a __________ of sodium metal.
Answer: chemical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
151. Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen to form an aluminum oxide. This is a __________ of
aluminum metal.
Answer: chemical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
152. Gold metal can be pressed into very thin sheets or foils. This is a __________ of aluminum
metal.
Answer: physical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
153.
Antimony has a high density of 6.697 g/cm3. This is a __________ of antimony.
Answer: physical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
154. Neon gas does not react with any metal at room temperature. This is a __________ of neon.
Answer: chemical property
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: easy
1-49
155. The SI prefix micro indicates _________.
Answer: 10-6
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
156. A kilometer is ______ times longer than a centimeter.
Answer: 105
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
157. A 201 g sample weighs ______ mg.
Answer: 2.01  105 mg
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
158. A 1.54 L sample contains ______ mL.
Answer: 1.54 x 103 mL
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: easy
159. A 405 nm is equivalent to ______ cm.
Answer: 4.05 x 10-5
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
160. Express the mass, 2.34  10-9 g, without scientific notation, and using the appropriate SI
prefix _________.
Answer: 2.34 ng
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
1-50
161. Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0.0 oF. Express this temperature in °C.
______
Answer: -17.8 °C
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
162. Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0.0 oF. Express this temperature in Kelvin.
______
Answer: 255.4 K
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
163. Antimony melts at 630.63°C. Express this temperature in °F. ______
Answer: 1167.1°F
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
164. How many significant figures does the number 30.340 contain? ______
Answer: 5
Section 2.3
Difficulty Level: easy
165. How many significant digits are there in the number 1.050  109? ______
Answer: 4
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
166. How many significant digits are there in the number 0.070120? ______
Answer: 5
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
1-51
167. Express the result of the operation, 8.520 + 2.7 – 1.03, to the proper number of significant
digits. ______
Answer: 10.2
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
168. Express the result of the operation, (8.317 x 2.7 x 3.159)/4.19, to the proper number of
significant digits. ______
Answer: 17
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
169. Express the result of the operation, 95.17 + 5.311 + 0.01275, to the proper number of
significant digits. ______
Answer: 100.49
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
170. What will be the cost, in dollars, of gasoline for a 3170 mile trip in a car pulling a trailer
that delivers 13.30 miles per gallon, if the average price of gas is $1.449 cents per gallon?
______
Answer: $345
Section 2.4
Difficulty Level: medium
171. What will be the cost of gasoline for a 4710 mile automobile trip if the car delivers 27.35
miles per gallon of gasoline, and the average price of gas is $1.249 per gallon? ______
Answer: $215
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-52
172. A spot on a microchip which is 7500 nm (nanometers) in diameter is ______ pm
(picometers) in diameter.
Answer: 7.5  106 pm
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
173. An object weighing 450 kg, expressed in megagrams (Mg), is ______ Mg.
Answer: 0.45 mg
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
174. The stone is a unit of weight that is still used in some areas of Europe. It is equal to exactly
14 pounds. Using this information what would a person weighing 14.9 stones weigh in kg?
(1 kg = 2.20 lbs)
Answer: 94.8 kg
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
175. An organic liquid has a mass of 23.0 g. If the volume of the liquid is 29.75 mL, what is the
density of the liquid?
Answer: 0.773 g/mL
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: easy
176. A certain liquid has a density of 1.76 g/mL. If 56.1 mL of this liquid is measured out, what
would be the mass of this liquid?
Answer: 98.7 g
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: easy
1-53
177. An organic liquid has a mass of 23.0 g. If the liquid has a density of 0.785 g/cm3, what is
the volume of this liquid? ________
Answer: 29.3 mL
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
178. A metal ball has a radius of 1.42 inches, and a density of 3.94 g/cm3. What is the mass in
grams? 2.54 cm = 1 inch ________
Answer: 774 g
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
179. Liquid lead has a density of 10.66 g/cm3. How many kilograms of lead could fit into a box
that is 5.00 cm long, 10.0 cm wide, and 10.0 cm high? ________
Answer: 5.33 kg
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
180. Sulfuric acid has a specific gravity of 1.84 at a certain temperature. If the density of water
at the same temperature is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot, what is the density of sulfuric acid at
the same temperature?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
115 lbs/ft3
33.9 lbs/ft3
74.3 lbs/ft3
0.0295 lbs/ft3
52.4 lbs/ft3
Answer: a
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-54
True and False Questions
181. The following equation, Pressure = Constant/Volume, is an example of a theory.
Answer: False
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
182. Theoretical models are used to help in explaining laws.
Answer: True
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
183. The observations made during an experiment are known as conclusions.
Answer: False
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
184. A sample of a pure compound contains two or more phases.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
185. Mass indicates how much matter is in a given object.
Answer: True
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
186. A compound is an example of a mixture which can have variable composition.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
1-55
187. A homogeneous mixture consists of only one chemical substance.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
188. A mixture always contains more than one chemical substance.
Answer: True
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
189. There is only one pure form for each element on the periodic table.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: easy
190. The mass of a water molecule is the same on the moon as it is on the earth.
Answer: True
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
191. A heterogeneous mixture can exist as only a single phase.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
192. A homogeneous mixture can exist as only a single phase.
Answer: True
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
1-56
193. The evaporation of rubbing alcohol is a chemical change.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
194. The combustion of gasoline into carbon dioxide gas and water vapor is both a chemical and
physical change.
Answer: False
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: medium
195. Density is one of the extensive properties of matter.
Answer: False
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
196. The volume of a sample is an extensive property of matter.
Answer: True
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
197. The density of water is a physical property of water.
Answer: True
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
198. The combustibility of octane is a physical property of octane.
Answer: False
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: medium
1-57
199. A liter of carbon tetrachloride is smaller than a quart of the same substance.
Answer: False
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
200. An increase of one Kelvin in temperature, is a smaller change than an increase of one
degree Fahrenheit.
Answer: False
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
201. The measurement, 7.05  10-12 m, is the same measurement as 7.05 pm.
Answer: True
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: medium
202. A large crowd attending a celebration in a metropolitan area was described as 450,000 in
the morning newspaper the next day. A chemistry student stated that, mindful of the
purpose of using scientific notation, this should be correctly expressed in scientific notation
as 4.50000  105. The number expressed this way truly represents the crowd size, true or
false?
Answer: False
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
203. Any number known accurately to six or more significant digits is defined as an exact
number.
Answer: False
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
1-58
204. In determining the number of significant digits in the result of a calculation, exact numbers
are considered as having a value to six significant digits.
Answer: False
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
205. Ambiguity in the number of significant digits in a number being expressed can be
eliminated by proper use of scientific notation.
Answer: True
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
206. The result of the operation, 8.52010  7.90, should be expressed as 67.3088.
Answer: False
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
207. A 15 km distance run is a shorter run than a 10 mile distance run.
Answer: True
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
208. A 5.00 pound bag of sugar weighs more than a 2.50 kg bag of sugar.
Answer: False
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
209. A piece of carpet which measures 44.0 square yards is smaller than a piece of carpet which
measures 44.0 square meters.
Answer: True
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-59
210. A liquid which has a volume of 8.50 mL, and a mass of 7.05 g, has a density of 0.829
g/cm3.
Answer: True
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
211. A liquid has a density of 3.10 g/mL. A 17.7 g sample of this liquid has a volume of 55 mL.
Answer: False
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
212. The density of a metal reported as 1.74 g/cm3, also has a density of 1.74 kg/m3.
Answer: False
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
213. Yeast cells feed on glucose in grape juice to give ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide during
the fermentation reaction.
Answer: True
Section: Chemistry Outside the Classroom 2.1
Difficulty Level: medium
214. A very quick way to determine the sugar content of grapes is to determine the density of
the grape juice using a hydrometer.
Answer: True
Section: Chemistry Outside the Classroom 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
215. A sample of wine from grape juice can be distilled to obtain a mixture of alcohol and
water.
Answer: True
Section: Chemistry Outside the Classroom 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
1-60
216. One way to determine the alcohol content of wine is to determine the specific gravity of the
wine using a hydrometer.
Answer: False
Section: Chemistry Outside the Classroom 1.1
Difficulty Level: medium
Critical Thinking Questions
217. A young high school student has invented a new temperature scale, the Zuban scale (his
last name, of course). In common with the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales, it is a
linear scale.
According to Zuban,
1) the boiling point of water which is 100.00 °C = 373.15 K = 0.00 °Z
2) the boiling point of sulfur which is 444.60 °C = 717.75 K = 250.00 °Z
3) the melting point of silver which is 960.15 °C = 1233.30 K = 624.02 °Z
Calculate the value of absolute zero on the Zuban Scale. ________
Answer: -270.71 °Z
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: hard
218.
Carl, a ninth grade whiz kid, has invented a new temperature scale, the Vitellan scale (his
last name, of course). In common with the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales, it is a
linear scale. According to Carl,
1) the melting point of benzene which is 5.53 °C = 0.00 °V
2) the boiling point of benzene which is 80.10 °C = 100.00 °V
3) the melting point of lead which is 327.50 °C = 431.77 °V
Calculate the value for the melting point of mercury ( -38.86 °C) on the Vitellan scale.
______
Answer: -59.53 °V
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: hard
1-61
219. A number resulting from a measurement was properly expressed in scientific notation as
2.1  10-3 meters (m). The number could also be correctly written as
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.0021 m
0.002100 m
0.00021 m
2.1000 m
21000 m
Answer: a
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: easy
220. Solve the following: (628.83 – 627.71)  124  122.08
Answer: 261
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: medium
221. Solve the following: (2.15  106 + 3.2  102)/(2.332 + 22.0005 + 0.9861)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1.45
48.8
233.1
106
1,080.2
Answer: d
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: hard
222. If 1 meter = 39.37 inch and 1 foot = 12.00 inch, calculate the relationship to four significant
digits, which will convert cubic feet into cubic meters directly. 1 ft3 = ______ m3
Answer: 0.02832
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: medium
1-62
223. A home aquarium measures 17.0 inches wide, 17.0 inches long and 8.50 inches high. What
is the volume in liters?
Answer: 40.2 L
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: hard
224. Express 109 miles per hour, in meters per second.
Answer: 48.7 m/s
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: hard
225. Consider this data from a lab, concerning the mass and the volume of water displaced in a
graduated cylinder by introduction of a metal sample to the cylinder:
Mass of weighing cup = 0.452 g
Mass of weighing cup + metal sample = 72.943 g
Volume of water in cylinder = 15.2 cm3
When the metal sample was carefully lowered into the graduated cylinder, the water above
the submerged metal sample rose to the 19.0 cm3 mark. What is the density of the metal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.2 g cm-3
3.8 g cm-3
4.8 g cm-3
19 g cm-3
19.2 g cm-3
Answer: d
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: medium
226.
A spherical cannonball made of an iron alloy has a specific gravity of 7.88, and weighs
22.12 pounds. It has a diameter of 13.46 cm. On the other hand, spent uranium (from
processing which removes the commercially important rare isotope) has a specific gravity of
19.05. How many pounds would a uranium cannonball of the same dimensions as the iron
cannonball weigh?
volume 4 ( π r 3 )
3
Answer: 53.5 pounds
Section 1.7
1-63
Difficulty Level: hard
227. A spherical cannonball made of an iron alloy has a density of 7.86 g/cm3, and weighs 22.12
pounds. On the other hand, spent uranium (from processing which removes the
commercially important rare isotope) has a density of 19.05 g/cm3. What would be the
diameter, in cm, of a uranium round shot which has exactly twice the weight as the iron ball
described above? 1 pound = 0.4536 kg.
volume 4 ( π r 3 )
3
Answer: 12.62 cm
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
228. Some students in the AP chemistry class have come up with an idea they would like to have
tested which involves collaboration with two or three DOD facilities. They want to test two
small muzzle loading cannons like the ones used in the 18th century. One would be using
spherical cannonballs made of iron, while the other would be using spherical cannonballs
made of spent uranium. Both cannons will be using cannonballs with a diameter of 5.000
inches. If uranium has a density of 19.05 g/cm3, what would be the mass, in pounds, of the
uranium cannonballs? 1 pound = 453.6 g, 1 inch = 2.54 cm exactly. volume 4 ( π r 3 )
3
___________
Answer: 45.04 pounds
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
229. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. As part of their exam, students in the junior class at a
boarding school were to weigh a metal sphere, measure its diameter and calculate its
density. Some of the seniors sneaked into the lab the weekend before, took the iron sphere,
took it downtown, and had the interior partially hollowed and the surface repaired so it
wouldn't be noticed and replaced it in the cabinet late on Sunday. The junior students who
had this iron sphere for their "unknown" obtained 9.30 cm for the diameter and 2.44 kg for
the mass. What value should they have reported for the mass of the sphere if it had not been
tampered with, and what was the volume of the hollowed out space in the interior of the
sphere? volume 4 ( π r 3 ) ___________________
3
Answer: 3.31 kg and 111 cm3
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-64
230. Solid antimony has a density of 6.70 g/cm3. Liquid antimony has a density of 6.53 g/cm3.
If a 1.34 kg sample of liquid antimony is allowed to cool into a solid by how much will the
volume of the sample change?
Answer: 5.21 cm3
Section 1.7
Difficulty Level: hard
1-65