Submitted By: AMEER HAMZA Submitted To: SIR KASHIF Title: Dark and Modern Age of Special Population Subject: P.E for Special Population Sap ID: 70109909 Date: 5-11-2022 Semester: 5th Dark and Modern Age of Special Population Introduction: o Physical education is an educational program which is related to the physical development of the human body. It is one of the main components in the school curriculum helps students develop physical fitness, discipline and confidence. Students with disabilities are facing difficulties in participating sports and games. Adapted physical education is about meeting the unique needs of individuals with disabilities in physical activities. Adapted physical education deals with modifications in procedure, instruction, task, equipment and environment related to physical activities. o Studies reveal that students with disabilities are partially included in the physical activities conducted in schools. The reasons may be due to lack of awareness among physical education teachers about adaptation, inadequate infrastructure and school environment. In the Dark Ages: Disability was considered a punishment from God for one’s sin or misbehavior or that of one’s ancestors. Others over the centuries have viewed disability as the work of the devil. Disability was seen as a failure, deformity or defect of the individual. As a result of the myths about disability, people with disabilities were feared and often stigmatized, shunned, abused, or condemned. People with visible disabilities were even used for entertainment (e.g., court jesters or oddities in circuses and freak shows). Children and adults with severe disability were kept at home, isolated and hidden from public view. They were often denied what others received, including education, care, employment, and a place in the family or in society. They were considered “different” and their differences were viewed negatively. Disability was viewed as inability and those with disabilities were often viewed as a burden to their families and to society as a whole. In societies that required travel to escape danger or to obtain food, children and adults with disabilities were often abandoned. In some societies, adults and children with disabilities were forced to beg on the street for money because they had no other means of support or were pitied by others. Unfortunately, this still exists in some countries. Many persons with disabilities were powerless to do anything else and institutionalization was often the only option for those with disabilities to receive care and food. Modern Ages: In the modern age the perception towards the children and adult with disabilities have changed significantly. From every standpoint, weather that of human’s right, economic efficiency, or social desirability, the national interest should be serve children with disabilities equally with all others. According to the 1993 U.N. Standard rules on the equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities (1993), “States should recognize the principle of equal primary, secondary and tertiary educational opportunities for youth and adult with disability in integrated settings. They should ensure that the education of persons with disabilities is an integral part of the educational system” The person with Disabilities Act, 2003 part 3 article 18 states that: “No person or learning institution shall deny admission to a person with disabilities to any course of student by reason only of such disabilities, if the person has the ability to acquire substantial learning in that course. Learning institutions shall take into account the special needs of person with disabilities with respect to entry requirement, pass marks, curriculum, examinations, auxiliary service, use of school facilities, class schedules, physical education requirement and other similar considerations. Special school and institutions especially for the deaf, the blind and mentally retarded, shall be established to cater for formal education, skill development and self-reliance.
