Uploaded by Alice sun

1-Anatomy and Physiology

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Anatomy -- the study of body structures and their relationships among each other
Physiology -- the study of the normal functions of body structures
Gross Anatomy -- Anatomy that studies structures that can be seen with the naked eye (broad category)
surface anatomy -- anatomy that studies external features as well as its relationship to deeper parts
Regional Anatomy -- anatomy that focuses on specific body parts (head, neck, arm)
Systemic anatomy -- anatomy that focuses groups of organs working together
Developmental Anatomy -- anatomy that focuses on growth from conception until death
clinical anatomy -- anatomy that focuses on medical specialties
Microscopic Anatomy -- anatomy that examines cells and molecules (supercategory)
Cytology -- study of cells and functions
Histology -- study of tissues and structures
cell physiology -- physiology studying processes within and between cells
special physiology -- physiology of functions of specific organs
systemic physiology -- physiology studying functions of an organ system
pathological physiology -- physiology studying the effects of diseases
Levels of organization -- chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
chemical (molecular) level -- Atoms are the smallest chemical units and
Molecules are a group of atoms working together
cellular level -- made up of organelle working together
tissue level -- a group of similar cells working together
organ level -- group of different tissues working together
organ system level -- consists of different organs that work together closely
Organism Level -- Many organ systems work together to perform the functions of an independent being
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