EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/1
(EXTERNAL CANDIDATE)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SECTION A
[40 Marks]
Study the map extract of the town of Kalomo and answer questions 1 to 6.
1
What is the six figure grid reference of the school found in Kalomo town?
A 171 448. B 178 451. C 448 171. D 451 178
2 The distance of the Sichikwenkwe River from the bridge in grid square 4217 up to the
confluence of the Chiringundumbu River in grid reference square 4113 is..............
A 4.0 kilometers. B
3
The general flow of the River Chikolwe is..........................
A NE to NW. B
4
5.0 kilometers. C 6.0 kilometers. D 7.0 kilometers
NE to SW. C NW to SE. D SW to NE.
Which of the following man-made feature is found in grid square 4516?
A Borehole. B
Cemetery.
C Sewerage.
D well.
Study the area in the grid squares showing part of the map extract and answer
question 5.
5
The type of drainage pattern shown in the area is.......................
A Confluence.
B
dentritic.
C radial.
D trellis.
6 According to Map evidence, tourists visiting the town of kalomo are going to see all of
the following except............................
A Early stone Age site.
B
Middle Stone Age.
C quarry.
D
Wildlife.
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Study the following table showing station X and answer questions 7 to 9.
STATION X
Months
J
Temperature 23
(°C)
7
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
23
22.5
18.5
19
20
21
21
26
25
23
21
The highest temperature reading for station X was recorded in the month of.............
A April.
8
June. C October. D
September
What is the annual range of temperature for station X?
A
9
B
7.5°C
B
18.5°C
C 22.2°C
D 26°C
In which relief veld or level is station X located?
A Highveld.
B
Lowveld.
C
Escarpment.
D
Valley.
10 Which of the following traditional cattle breed is reared in Zambia?
A Angoni.
B
Africander.
C
Boran.
D
Friesian.
11 Which of the following is a measure by the Government to improve animal rearing?
A Dipping.
B
Deforestation.
C Traditional beliefs.
D Water scarcity.
12 Why is cattle rearing difficult to practice in the Luangwa valley? Because of the
presence of.....................
A a valley.
13
B
C tse-tse flies.
D wild animals.
Which of the following is not a method of family planning?
A Child bearing.
14
Crocodiles.
B
Child spacing.
C
Loop.
D pill.
Which of the following is not an advantage of family planning?
A Couples will have children when they are ready. B Mothers become productive
and contribute to development. C Mothers remain healthy for a long time. D Mothers
have unplanned pregnancies.
Study the following picture and answer questions 15 to 16.
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15
What was the ancient name given to the type of writing material in the picture?
A Artefact.
16
B
Papyrus.
D Scroll.
Which type of writing was used by the Egyptians on the material in question 15?
A Hieroglyphics.
17
C Rosetta stone.
B
Histography.
C
Paper mash.
D
Pre-historical writings.
All the years in the period AD 1 to AD 99 are in the.................. century.
A 1st
B
2nd C
10th
D 20th
Refer to the figure below to answer questions 18: and 19.
18
In which period in the development of Man did the creature in the shown exist?
A Early Iron Age.
B
Early Stone Age.
C
Late Stone Age.
D
Middle Stone
Age
19
In which year were the remains of the creature discovered?
A 1912.
B
1921.
C 1948.
D 1960.
Study the following picture and answer questions 20 and 21.
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20
Name the people that use the royal boat in the picture.
A Bemba.
21
B
Lozi.
Kulamba Kubwalo.
C N'cwala.
D Umutomboko.
Freetown in Sierra Leone was established to settle freed slaves from.....................
A America.
23
Luvale. D Ngoni.
During which ceremony do they use the boat shown in the picture?
A Kuomboka. B
22
C
B
Brazil.
C Britain.
D Portugal.
What does B.S.A.Co. Stand for?
A British and Southern African company. B British in south and Southern African
company. C British South African company. D British with South African company.
24
Who formed the B.S.A.Co?
A Francis Coillard.
Kruger.
25
B
Henry Morton Stanley.
C John Cecil Rhodes.
D Paul
Which two colonial territories joined in 1911 to form one country?
A North-Eastern and North-Western Rhodesia. B Northern and Southern
Rhodesia. C Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. D Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Read the following extract and answer questions 26 and 27.
- She organised women protests against colonial rule
- She was nicknamed Mama Chikamoneka
- Her home was used as a venue for meetings by National movements.
26
Which freedom fighter is being referred to in the extract?
A Mama Betty Kaunda. B Mama Chibesakunda Kankasa.
Nawakwi. D Mama Julia Mulenga Nsofwa.
C
Mama Edith
27 What name was given to the civil disobedience campaigns where the freedom fighters
referred to in the extract participated in the 1960s?
A Chachacha.
28
Civil war. C Mob Justice.
B
1911.
C 1964.
B
Labour migration system.
C The Colour
The common feature found on the Zambian National Flag and Coat of Arms is..........
A eagle. B
31
D 1980.
Which one of the following was not a feature of colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia?
A High paying jobs for Africans.
bar policy. D The hatch system.
30
D Riots.
Zambia's political boundaries were drawn in the year..................
A 1890.
29
B
hoe and pick.
C maize cob.
D Zebra.
Good governance must not be..............
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A effective.
32
B
equitable. C intolerant.
D Participatory.
Zambia's Constitution is..........................
A rigid and flexible.
written and rigid.
B
Unwritten and flexible.
C Written and flexible.
D
33 Jelita Mango was born in Mpika district of Zambia in 2002. She is a citizen of Zambia
by.............................
A adoption.
B
birth.
C descent.
D
registration.
Study the diagram below showing the structure of a political party and answer
questions 34 and 3
A
National Committee
B
National Committee
C
District committee
D
34
Name the structure labelled D.
A Community.
35
B
Constituency.
C
Section.
D Ward.
The Role of the structure labelled D is to.....................
A elect the political party President. B mobilizes the party at local level.
organise party conventions. D organise party resources.
C
36 Human rights cannot be taken away from any human being. This means that they
are........................
A inalieble. B
inherent.
C interdependent.
D universal.
37 Mr Kapususu, a security guard at Twapenga savings bank received a k20 cash to allow a
customer quick entry into the bank. This type of corruption is called..................
A community corruption.
political corruption.
38
B
grand corruption.
C petty corruption.
D
Which one of the following is not an effect of conflict?
A Greed.
B
increase of refugees.
C
poverty.
D violence.
Study the following specimen of a K100 note used in Zambia and answer question 39.
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39
The watermarks and security threads on the Zambian notes are important for..........
A decoration of the notes. B durability of the notes.
from counterfeiting. D promoting uniformity of the notes.
40
C Preventing criminals
Why does the Commonwealth have an emblem of a globe? It..............................
A demonstrates that the Commonwealth has more members than United Nations. B
represents Britain and her former colonies around the world. C Shows that every nation
around the world is a member. D Symbolises how Britain influences countries in the
world.
SOLUTIONS (SECTION A) 40 Marks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C
B
C
C
B
D
D
A
A
A
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
A
C
C
C
A
D
A
B
A
C
A
D
D
A
A
D
B
B
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
A
A
C
C
B
D
B
B
C
A
C
B
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/1
(EXTERNAL CANDIDATE)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SECTION B
1
(30 MARKS)
(a) Name two soft wood timber trees planted in Zambia.
[2]
(b) State three commercial uses of the soft wood timber trees mentioned in (a)[3]
(c) Give two negative effects of mining on the environment.
[2]
(d) Name the traditional ceremony practiced by the Ngoni people of Eastern Province.
[1]
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(e) Explain two benefits of tourism to the people of Eastern Province.
[2]
2 Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Paramount chief - Gawa Undi
Subordinate Chiefs - From Phiri clan
Tributary Chiefs - from conquered chiefs
Headmen from the villages
Ordinary people
(a) What does the title Gawa mean?
[1]
(b) In which province in Zambia do we find the kingdom with a political structure
shown on the chart?
[1]
(c) Which country did the Kingdom shown on the chart come from?
from?
[1]
(d) Name an already existing kingdom where the kingdom shown on the chart comes
[1]
(e) Where did the rulers of the Kingdom shown on the chart build their capital?
[1]
(f) Name a female who was appointed as a rain-maker in the kingdom.
[1]
(g) Identify a foreign group that came to do trade in the Kingdom referred to the chart
[1]
(h) Why do you think Gawa undi managed to develop the kingdom?
(i) Suggest two reasons that contributed to the decline of the kingdom.
3
[1]
[2]
(a) who authored Zambia's National Anthem?
[1]
(b) From which tune was this song written?
[1]
(c) Outline the first verse of Zambia's National Anthem.
[5]
(d) Identify any three democratic values that are depicted in the third verse of Zambia
National Anthem.
[3]
SECTION C
There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.
Part one
1
(a) Describe how fish is processed in Zambia;
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[4]
Discuss ways in which the government is promoting the fishing industry.
[6]
(a)
Describe the benefits of conducting Census in the country;
[4]
2
(b)
(b) Explain the negative effects of rapid population increase in the tourist capital of
Livingstone.
[6]
3
(a) How does the country benefit from the mining industry?
[6]
(b) Describe the methods used in the mining of minerals
[4]
Part two
1
With reference to the origin and development of Man, discuss how man came into
existence under the following sub-headings:
a) Biblical view;
[5]
b) Scientific view.
2
3
[5]
Give an account of the Bemba speaking people of Zambia in pre-colonial period with
specific reference to their;
(a)
Origin and settlement;
[3]
(b)
Social, Political and Economic organization.
[7]
(a)
Give reasons for European Imperialism in Africa;
[4]
(b)
State the effects of Imperialism on Africa.
[6]
Part three
1
(a) Zambia became a British protectorate in the year 1924. What is meant by the
concept 'Protectorate'?
[3]
(b) Describe features of colonial rule in Zambia rule in Zambia from 1890 to 1924.
[7]
2
(a) what is gender?
[4]
(b) Discuss the causes of gender discrimination in your community.
[6]
3
(a) Give a brief background to the formation of the United Nations organization
(UNO).
(b)
Explain the functions of the United Nations organization (UNO).
SOLUTIONS (SECTION B)
1 (a) - Tropical pine
- Eucalyptus
- Gmelina
[8]
30 Marks
- Cedars
- Blue gum
- Gum tree
(b) - electrical poles - for furniture - for construction - for paper making - for coffin
making - floor parquet - matches making - Toothpick making.
(c) - (Air, noisy and water pollution) - causes pollution - land degradation - contribute
to climate change - displacement of human beings - causes accidents
(d) N'cwala
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(e) - Source of income
- source of employment
- improvement of infrastructure.
2 (a) Kalonga Gawa undi/sharing/paramount.
(b) Eastern Province.
Portuguese
(c) Malawi. (d) Kalonga. (e) Mano.
(f) Makewane.
(g)
(h) - Conquest - Tribute system - Loyalty of junior Chiefs - Makewane influence
Trade monopoly - Natural resources such as Ivory, Gold and Iron.
-
(i) - Poor communication - Lack of standing army - Portuguese activities - Disloyalty
of the Subordinate Junior Chiefs - Ngoni invasion - Makewane falling influence.
3 (a) Enock Sontonga
(b) Nkosi Sikelele Africa.
(c) - Stand and sing of Zambia proud and free.
- Land of work and joy in unity.
Victors in the struggle for the right. - We’ve won freedom's fight. - All one strong and
free.
(d) - Unity
- Dignity
- Peace
- Freedom.
SECTION C (short essays) 30 Marks
Part one
1 (a) ways of processing Fish in Zambia
Freezing; Fish are kept in temperature below 0°C to keep them fresh. Fish are also put in
containers with ice blocks.
Canning; It involves processing the fish by heating and selling it in air tight containers. It is
sometimes called tinned fish.
Salting; Fish is gutted, cut open and put in concentrated salt water.
Sun-drying; Fish are gutted and dried in the sun on raised platforms. Small fish such as
Kapenta are usually sun dried.
Smoking; Fish are gutted and smoked over a slowly burning Wood fire.
(b) Ways in which the government is promoting the fishing industry.
Enforcing fishing regulations such as banning the use of destructive fishing methods such as
poison and explosives
Observing fish ban as breeding season in order for fish to reproduce.
Regulating the amount of fish to be caught in each fishery
Conducting fish research in order to improve fish production
Encourage people to engage in fish farming.
Protecting fishing areas through the provision of fish guard
Providing storage facilities especially for fresh fish
Providing training facilities for fishermen
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2 (a) Benefits of conducting Census in the Country
The government is able to plan.
For government to budget
To know the total number of people in a country
In order for the government to share resources equally
For the government to know the number of people who have died and born
(b) The negative effects of rapid population increase in the tourist capital of Livingstone
Scramble for resources.
There is overcrowding.
Easy spread of diseases
There will be high crime rate.
Encourages creation of shanty compounds
High unemployment levels
High prostitution
High pressure to the local authority e.g. garbage collection by the council
3 (a) Benefits of the mining industry
Mining provides employment.
It contributes to infrastructure development.
It is a source of income.
Source of foreign exchange
It leads to the development of industries related to mining.
It also encourages social activities e.g. athletics by sponsoring.
Source of raw materials by manufacturing industries
(b) Methods used in the mining of minerals
Underground or shaft.
Open or cast.
Strip mining.
Quarrying
Part two
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1 (a) Biblical view of how man came into existence
God created everything including the earth and all forms of life.
He took seven days to do all his work.
According to the Bible, God created everything in six days and on the seventh day he rested.
Day 1, God created day and night, day 2 God created heaven.
Day 3, God created the earth and the sea including vegetation.
Human beings were created on the sixth day and made them male and female.
The first male was Adam and the female was Eve.
(b) Scientific View of how man came into existence
Scientists believe that the universe was formed 13.8 billion years ago while the Earth was
formed 4.5 billion years ago from the Big - bang theory.
Living things started appearing about 3.8 billion years ago through the process called
Evolution.
Charles Darwin explained the origin of man through the theory of evolution.
About 570 million years ago invertebrates and other tiny organisms evolved in the sea due to
increase in oxygen.
300 million years ago vertebrates like fish evolved.
Later Amphibians and Reptiles evolved 200 million years ago.
Mammals appeared 75 million years ago.
About 20, 000 years ago Human beings evolved from mammals.
2 (a) Origin and settlement of the Bemba speaking people of Zambia [3]
Originated from the Luba kingdom around 1650
Three sons of Mukulumpe escaped his wrath.
They settled in Kasama and Chinsali districts.
They call their new settlement Lubemba Land.
Social organisation [2]
They lived in villages of 100 to 200 people.
They had organised clans. For instance, Abena Ng'andu.
They celebrated traditional ceremonies.
Political Organisation
[2]
They were led by Chitimukulu.
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Muluba was the first to use this title.
Other Chitimukulu included; Chitenta, Chepela and Chitapankwa.
Chepela introduced some reforms.
Economic Organisation
[3]
Their area was poor in resources.
Largely depended on raids
Participated in the long distance trade.
Collection of tribute.
3 (a) Reasons for European imperialism in Africa
Need for overseas market.
Need for raw materials.
Need to control strategic areas.
Need for protection by African Chiefs.
Work of individuals like John Cecil Rhodes.
Source of troop’s e. g. France
Need to settle excess population.
Compensation of lost territories
Need of gold and diamond.
Prestige
Humanitarian reasons i.e. to abolish slave trade
Activities of the explorers and Adventures
Roles of the Chiefs
Problems of decolonialism. E.g. fighting for Freedom
(b) Effects of imperialism in Africa
Loss of political power by African rulers
Introduction of Hut tax
Introduction of racial policies
Loss of land
Lack of development in Africa
New diseases were introduced.
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Introduction of new culture
Creation of artificial boundaries
Part three
1 (a) Meaning of the concept 'Protectorate'
A protectorate is a territory under a foreign power with an intention to secure resources like
minerals and land.
[1]
Usually, resources in a protectorate are exploited by the foreign power occupying the area.[1]
Zambia was colonised by the British South African company.
[1]
She became a British protectorate in 1924.
[1]
In a protectorate, citizens are granted bit of their political rights by the occupants.
[2]
(b) Features of colonial rule in Zambia from 1890 to 1964
Chiefs lost their Independence and because agents of colonial government. This system of
ruling through Chiefs was called indirect rule.
Africans were not allowed to take part in the government. They had not to Vote and were not
allowed to stand as candidates in elections.
Africans were forced to pay government tax, but the colonial government did not use the
money for the benefits of Africans.
Africans were not allowed to move from one part of the country to another without the
permission of the colonial government.
Africans were only employed to do low jobs such clerical work, mining or farm Labour.
An African was required to have a pass (Chitupa) in order to be allowed to live in Town.
African children went to separate schools from those of the White Children. Schools for
African children were very poor.
Africans who were employed on the mines were not allowed to live with their wives and
Children.
Africans were not allowed to enter some shops. They bought goods through the windows.
This was called hatch system.
Africans lived in separate residential areas from Whites. Whites lived in good areas, while
Africans in poor areas.
Africans were not allowed to own big Businesses. The only form of business Africans were
allowed was to run Tea carts.
2 (a) Meaning of gender
Gender means the socially and culturally constructed roles that are performed by both male
and female in society.
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Gender includes all duties that are acquired by an individual from society.
Some of the gender roles that both Men and Women can perform are; Teaching, Nursing,
Cooking and Washing
Gender is affected by time, place and culture.
Biological factors do not affect gender roles in anyway.
(b) Causes of gender discrimination
Cultural beliefs which includes customs, norms and traditions
Religious beliefs and practices. For instance, women do not preach in some churches.
Prejudice and stereotyping
Lack of gender awareness
High levels of illiteracy among women
Poverty levels are high among women.
Wrong community values
3 (a) Formation of the United Nations Organisation (UNO)
The United Nations is the peace keeping international body established on 24th October,
1945.
It was formed by the big five Nations namely; Britain, France, United States of America,
China and Russia.
The big five Nations met at San Francisco where a conference was held in New York in the
United States of America.
(b) Functions of the United Nations Organisation (UNO)
Keep peace in the world.
Provision of Education
Fighting poverty through providing humanitarian assistance
Promoting good governance and democracy
Promote and protect good health through its specialised agency the World Health
Organisation.
Ensure food security by increasing food production to eradicate poverty.
Promote technology and innovations.
Assist refugees.
Promote human rights.
Promoting economic development
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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/1
PAPER 1
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the six figure grid reference of Chanama School?
A. 261630. B. 260631. C. 630261. D. 631260.
2. What Man made feature is found in grid square 1855?
A. Aerodrome. B. Dam. C. Slim dumps. D. Trigonometrical station.
3. The Longitude of Chanama is.........
A. 10°N. B. 10°S. C. 33°E.
D. 33°W.
4. What relief feature is shown on the map extract below?
A. Plateau. B. Ridge. C. River valley. D. Watershed.
5. What is the approximate distance of motorable track from the junction with the regularly
maintained road in grid square 2661 to the edge of the map in grid square 2765?
A. 2.8 km. B. 3.8 km. C. 4.8 km. D. 5.8 km.
6. The bearing of the unclassified Trigonometrical station 1033 Y1 in grid square 1855 from
Chanama School in grid square 2661 is......
A. 0.50°. B. 120°. C. 227°. D. 325°.
7. Which of the following is not a drainage pattern?
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8. Which of the following is the cultural feature?
A. Plantation
B. Plateau C. Rapid D. River
Study the diagram below and answer question 9.
9. What is the name of the weather instrument shown above?
A. Anemometer. B. Barometer. C. Hydrometer. D. Thermometer.
Study the map of Zambia below and answer questions 10 and 11.
10. What is the name of the Lake A?
A. Bangweulu. B. Kariba. C. Tanganyika. D. Mweru.
11. Swamps B and Lake C were formed as a result of depressions underlain by..........clay.
A. Impermeable. B. Permeable. C. Pervious. D. Porous.
12. Mwinilunga and Kitwe are both located on the relief level described as.........
A. High veld. B. Low relief. C. Low veld. D. Middle veld.
Study the map below and answer question 13 to 15.
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13. Which two types of fish are caught in Lake A?
A. Nile perch and breams. B. Nile perch and pike. C. Nile perch and sardines. D. Nile perch
and tiger fish.
14. What is the likely effect of the traditional farming system practiced in area B?
A. afforestation
B. Deforestation C. Leaching
D. Pollution
15. What two cash crops are grown in area C?
A. Cotton and tobacco B. Groundnuts and coffee C. Sugarcane and tea D. Tobacco and
millet
16. Which of the following is used to generate renewable energy?
A. Acid battery. B. Solar. C. Steam turbine. D. Uranium.
17. Which of the following reasons is not the cause of rapid urban population growth in
Zambia?
A. Civil wars
B. Good medical facilities C. High birth rate D. Rural urban migration
18. Why there is high population density on the Copperbelt? Because of…….
A. Farming
B. Market C. Migration D. Mining
19. What is meant by the term Census? It’s the official counting of ……..in the country.
A. ballots B. learners C. people D. votes
20. Which of the following is an effect of rural-urban migration in rural areas?
21. Which of the following is not true about the benefits of learning history?
A It encourages tribal conflicts
C To understand people's culture
B It helps projecting the future
D to understand the origin and development of Man.
22. Digging up sites where people lived long time ago is a method of studying about the past
called...............
A Anthropology
B Archaeology
C Evolution D Geology.
23. Which of the following is true about the year AD 2016? It is equivalent to.....
A. Twenty centuries. B. Twenty years and sixteen months. C. Two millennia and sixteen
months. D. Two millennia, one decade and six years.
24. According to Archaeologists, which of the following creatures had similar Bones?
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A. Broken Hill Man and Australopithecus. B. Broken Hill Man and Nearnderthal Man.
C. Kenyapithecus and Proconsul Africanus.
D. Homo Habilis and Zinjanthropus.
25. What are ‘fossils’?
A. The earliest creatures that lived on earth B. The san paintings that are found in caves
around Zambia
C. The small hills where the skull of broken hill man was discovered in Kabwe
D. The remains of an animal or plant that lived thousands of millions of years ago
26 Buenue plateau in west Africa was…….
A. A homeland for the Bantu speaking people B. an area of early civilisation C. the
Centre of triangular slave trade D. the origin of iron smelting and farming
27. Which one of the following is not one of the causes of Bantu people from Katanga region
by 1600?
A. Drying up of the Sahara desert B. Misrule by Chiefs C. Shifting Cultivation D.
Shortage of land
28. The people ruled by chief Nkomeshya are the..........
A. Bemba. B. Ila. C. Lenje. D. Soli.
29. The most important market place in Central Africa before the end of the fifteen century
was.
A. Ing'ombe Ilede. B. Isamu pati. C. Kalomo. D. Kalundu.
30. Which people are associated with the 'Wasps' Clan?
A. Ila. B. Lenje. C. Soli. D. Tonga.
31. The two individuals among the Tonga who had special religious powers were...........
A. Bulongo and Mwari. B. Makewane and Masinja. C. Sikatonga and Ulanyika. D. Virolocal
and Ulorilocal
32. Societies that were built on strong hierarchy system of government were called..........
A. Centralised. B. Decentralised. C. Matrilineal. D. Patrilineal.
332. Makewane was the female in charge of a rain making shrine in.......... kingdom.
A. Kalonga. B. Kazembe. C. Mwenemutapa. D. Undi.
34. Why was Sierra Leone founded in 1787? To.................
A. Create a military base for American soldiers. B. Establish a rubber plantation. C. Seattle
Freed slaves from Britain. D. Seattle Freed slaves from America.
35. The triangular slave trade of the 16th Century involved……..
A. Africa, America and Europe B. Africa, America and Asia C. Africa, Europe and Asia
D. America, Europe and Asia
36. Successful Missionary stations in Central Africa were set up.......
A. After the death of David Livingstone. B. Before the death of David Livingstone. C. By
Francis Ciollard. D. By Henry Morton Stanley.
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37. Lewanika sought British protection as a result of.............
A. Attacks from the Kololo. B. Attacks from the Ndebele in the South. C. Insecurity from the
local people. D. Pressure from missionaries
38. Which of the following treaties signed by Lobengula led to the occupation of Matebele
land by the B.S.A Company?
A. Lawley Treaty. B. Lochner Treaty. C. Moffat Treaty. D. Rudd concession.
Study the diagram below and answer questions 39 and 40.
39. Which of the countries marked A and G were members of the Central African
Federation?
A. A, B and C. B. A, C and E. C. B, C and E. D. C, E and F.
40. Between which periods did the federation of Central Africa exist?
A. 1943-1953. B. 1953-1963. C. 1963-1973. D. 1973-1983.
41. The subject that aims at providing information and learning experiences that equip and
empowers people to take part in governance is known as.......
A. Civic Education. B. Geography. C. History. D. Religious Education.
42. Who took over the reigns of the Northern Rhodesia African Congress when it changed to
the African National congress (ANC) in 1949?
A. Godwin Mbikusita Lewanika. B. Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula. C. Mainza Chona. D.
Lawrence Katilungu.
43. Which prominent feature is found on both the coat of arms and the national Flag
symbolizing the country's freedom and ability to meet its challenges?
A. Black colour. B. Eagle. C. Motto. D. Red colour.
44. The function of a Constitution that explains the powers and functions of government and
how the government may make new laws is referred to as.......
A. Human rights. B. Responsibilities. C. Structure of government. D. Visions and ideas.
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45. The Lusaka city council in 2020 conducted an operation to evaluate the legal activities of
bars and taverns. The council was implementing a law known as.....
A. By-law B. Constitution. C. District. D. Statute.
46. Which of the following is not a qualification of Zambian Citizenship?
A. Accolades. B. Adoption. C. Birth. D. Descent.
47. A naturalized Citizen can enjoy each of the following rights except the right to........
A. Property. B. Stand as Member of Parliament. C. Stand as a presidential candidate. D.
Vote.
48. Distinguish between a party ideology and a party manifesto.
A. An ideology is a set of ideas that guides a political party's goals, wishes and proposed
actions while a manifesto guides how their resources are shared.
B. An ideology is a set of ideas that guides a political party's goals, wishes and proposed
actions, while a manifesto is a written statement of policies, principles, ideas, opinions and
strategies.
C. An ideology is a written statement of policies that outlines what a political party wants to
do when it comes to power, while a manifesto is a set of ideas that defines beliefs and
defends a particular party's actions and intentions.
D. A manifesto is a written statement of policies, principles, ideas, opinions and strategies,
while an ideology provides constructive criticism of the party.
49. The order of democratically elected political parties in Zambia from 1964 to present is as
follows;
A. ANC, UNIP, MMD. B. MMD, UNIP, PF. C. UNIP, ANC, MMD. D. UNIP, MMD, PF.
50. Which of the following does not fall under economic, social and cultural rights?
A. Right to equal pay for equal work B. Right to privacy C. Right to rest and leisure D.
Right to work anywhere
51. What type of document was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on
10th of December, 1948?
A. Charter. B. Constitution. C. Convention. D. Declaration.
52. Government spends a lot of money to repair roads and buildings of poor quality instead of
improving the living standards of many Zambians. This situation arises as a result of..........
A. Bribery. B. Compromised standards. C. Poor leadership. D. Poverty.
53. Which institution is mandated by law to lead the fight against Corruption in Zambia?
A. Anti-Corruption Commission. B. Auditor General’s office. C. Parliament. D. Zambia
Police Service.
54. What term is used to describe the process of settling conflicts through discussions?
A. Equality. B. Negotiation. C. Resolution. D. Peace.
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55. The Characteristic of money which states that money should be the same so that users can
recognize each unit's value and allows it to be counted accurately is referred to as........
A. Acceptability. B. Divisibility. C. Portability. D. Uniformity.
56. Mr. Mwansa who works for Dream Enterprise gets a salary of k1, 800.00.He has debts
amounting to k3, 000, 00.This type of budget is referred to as........
A. budget deficit. B. budget equilibrium. C. budget overview. D. budget surplus.
57. Which element of international trade helps to protect goods against risks while on transit?
A. Advertising. B. Insurance. C. Quotas. D. Transport.
Study the table below showing the Organizational structure of the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) and answer questions 58 to 60.
A
B
Member
states
The Nation
committees
Standing
committees
of officials
Council of
Ministers
C
58. Name the structure marked B.
The
Ministerial
committee
Organ on
Politics, defense
and security
cooperation
Secretarial
contact
points
A. Secretariat. B. Standing committee of officials. C. Summit of heads of states. D. Tribunal.
59. In which year was Levy Patrick Mwanawasa elected Chairperson for Summit.
A. 2001/2002. B. 2004/2005. C. 2006/2007. D. 2007/2008.
60. Who is the head of the SADC secretariat?
A. Executive secretary. B. General Secretary. C. Permanent Secretary. D. Secretary General.
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SECTION B
1. Study the table below showing names of power stations and answer the questions that
follow.
Name of power station
Installed capacity (MW)
Operator
Kafue George
990
Zesco
Kariba North Bank
1080
Itezhi-Tezhi
120
Victoria falls
108
Lusemfwa and Mulungushi
56
Other Hydro-Electric power
stations
25
(a) Name two power stations which belong to other Hydro-Electric Power Station (H.E.P).[2]
(b) Give the name of the company which owns the Lusemfwa Hydro-Electric power station
[1]
(c) State the current installed capacity of Ithezhi-Tezhi Hydro-Electric Power Station.
[1]
(d) Why has the demand for electricity in Zambia grown above the installed production
capacity since 2011?
[2]
(e) State two disadvantages of Hydro-Electricity power.
[2]
(f) Suggest two ways the government has put in place to increase electricity supply in
Zambia.
[2]
2. Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What kind of trade does the picture above depict?
[1]
(b) What term was given to the trade that involved three continents?
[1]
(c) Why did the trade mentioned in (a) develop?
[3]
(d) What was the result of the trade stated in (a)?
[1]
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(e) Name the explorer in Central Africa who tried hard to end this trade.
[1]
(f) Which European country was the most active in the trade mentioned in question (a)?
[1]
(g) Which country was the last one to stop the trade depicted in the picture?
[1]
(h) Name the American President who worked hard in the 1860s to abolish the trade.
[1]
3. Study the map given and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Which regional organizations have their headquarters at A and B?
[2]
(b) What type of conflict affected the area marked C?
[1]
(c) Name any two countries in Africa that were affected by the conflicts mentioned in (b). [2]
(d) What is the name of the war that took place in the area marked D in 1967?
[1]
(e) Identify refugee camps marked E and F.
[2]
(f) Suggest any two conflict resolution methods.
[2]
SECTION C
Part one
1.
2.
3.
(a) State the types of food processing industries found in Lusaka.
[2]
(b)
Why are many industries located in Lusaka?
[4]
(c)
Explain the problems faced by manufacturing industries in Zambia.
[4]
(a)
what is meant by growth rate?
[2]
(b)
State reasons leading to rapid population growth in Zambia.
[4]
(c)
Suggest reasons Urban-Urban migration occur in Zambia.
[4]
(a)
Describe the produce obtained from forests in Zambia.
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[4]
(b)
Explain the differences between Chitemene and Lozi system of agriculture.
[4]
(c)
State the growing conditions for sugar cane production in Mazabuka.
[2]
Part two
1. Discuss the following views on the origin of the earth:
(a)
Biblical theory of creation,
[5]
(b)
Scientific evolution theory.
[5]
2 Give an account of the Bemba Kingdom under the following sub headings:
Origins,
[2]
(b)
Political Organisation,
[4]
(c)
Economic activities.
[4]
3
(a)
Account for the occupation of Mashonaland under two of the following sub headings:
(a)
Rudd concession,
[5]
(b)
The British South African Company (B.S.A),
[5]
(c)
Pioneer Column.
[5]
Part three
1.
(a) Describe the concept colony.
(b)
2.
3.
(a)
[2]
Analyse features of the colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia.
Explain the concept corruption.
[8]
[4]
(b) Describe types of Corruption that occur in Society.
[6]
(a) Explain sources of revenue for the councils.
[4]
(b) How do councils provide services to people in local community
[6]
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/1
PAPER 1
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
MARKING SCHEME
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
A
D
C
C
B
B
D
A
B
C
D
A
C
B
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
A
B
D
B
D
A
C
D
A
B
C
A
D
C
A
A
B
D
D
B
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
9
60
A
B
B
C
A
A
C
B
D
B
A
B
A
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
A
A
D
C
SECTION A
1. (a) Chishimba Falls, Lusiwasi, Musonda Falls, Kalungwishi and Lunzua.
(b) Mulungushi-Lusemfwa power company.
(c) 120MW.
(d) Expansion in mining, Rise in domestic demand, Growth of agriculture,
Demand for power for industries has increased, Export to other countries and Increase in
population. (e) Expensive to build, Electricity produced cannot be stored, fixed location, Low
power output during drought and Displacement of wildlife. (f) Importation of electricity from
Mozambique/Congo, Load Shedding (rationing), Construction of new HEP stations,
Educating the public on wise use of electricity, reducing tax on all solar equipments and
Introduction of energy serving bulbs.
2. (a) Slave trade. (b) Triangular slave trade/Atlantic slave trade. (c) Desire for manufactured
goods by Africans, Labour force in the New World, Need for domestic servants and Debtors
and Criminals were enslaved and sold as a form of punishment. (d) Depopulation and
destruction of human life, Destruction of properties, Introduction of European wealth,
Introduction of new diseases, Rise and decline of states, Collapse of the Trans-Sahara trade
and Westernization of Negro slaves. (e) David Livingstone. (f) Portugal. (g) Brazil. (h)
Abraham Lincoln.
3. (a) A- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) B- Southern African
Development community. (b) Ethnic (Tribal) conflict. (c) Somalia, Rwanda, Eritrea, Nigeria,
Chad, Burundi, Congo DR (Zaire). (d) Biafra war. (e) E- Mayukwayukwa F- Ukwimi. (f)
Arbitration, Counseling, Mediation, Negotiation, Sympathizing, Mitigation and Discussion.
SECTION C
Part one
1. (a) Types of food processing industries found in Zambia.
Milling industry; this is an industry that makes powdered Millie’s such as Meali-meal, baking
flour, powdered groundnuts and table salts.
Canning industry; this is an industry that makes canned foods such as canned fish, beef and
baked beans.
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C
Confectionery industry; this is an industry that makes sweets (candy) foods such as Sweets,
biscuits, chocolates, Cakes and ice creams.
Beverage industry; This is an industry that makes drinks such as beer and soft drinks for
example, Water, Coca-Cola and Chibuku.
Dairy processing industry; this is an industry that deals with dairy products such as Milk,
cheese, butter and ice creams.
Meat processing industry; this is an industry that deals with meat and it's products such as;
Mincemeat, polonies, sausages, offal’s and many more.
Fish packaging industry; this is an industry that packages fish.
(b) Reasons for many industries located in Lusaka
Availability of raw materials; Most industries are located in Lusaka because it's near the
sources of raw materials e.g. Lafarge in Lusaka.
Power supply; Lusaka has available power sources which attracts investors.
Transport; Lusaka is located near cheap transport to get raw materials to the factory and get
manufactured goods to customers.
Abundant Labour; Lusaka depends on the people around for Labour force.
Market; Lusaka has ready market for the products.
Government policy; Government policies attract many industries to be located in Lusaka due
to good conditions.
Water supply; Lusaka has many sources of fresh and clean Water to be used in the industry.
(c) Problems faced by manufacturing industries in Zambia
Cost of raw materials; some materials are very expensive. Imported materials increase the
cost of production.
Capital; to start a business one needs financial resources. Processing industries are very
expensive.
Competition; most manufacturing and processing industries face stiff competition from cheap
imported goods.
Transport; poor transport system delay in transportation of raw materials and finished goods.
Storage; manufactured goods such as perishable require good storage facilities of which are
expensive to acquire.
Market; there are not readily available markets for some manufactured goods. Availability of
market will also influence the types of goods to reduce.
2. (a) Growth rate is the rate at which the population is increasing or decreasing in a given
year due to Birth rates, death rates and migration.
(b) Reasons leading to rapid population growth in Zambia.
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High birth rates due to high fertility rate, improved food nutrition, improved medical
facilities, decline in death rates, early marriages, low education levels among girls and
women, High levels of poverty, religious and traditional beliefs and Lack of recreation
facilities such as play parks, swimming pools, sports playing fields, movies and game centres
to keep young people busy.
(c) Reasons for Urban-Urban migration
Hike of rentals in the previous or current house, change in working places and schools, poor
water and electricity supply in the area, family population growth due to birth rate, death rate
and migration and high crime levels
3. (a) Forest products
Log/Timber, mushroom, honey, caterpillar, Game meat, fuel wood, grass for roofing,
vegetables, traditional medicines and tubers (umumbu, ulusala).
(b) Differences between Chitemene and Lozi agriculture
Chitemene is practised in the wooded/forested areas while Lozi system is done in the flood
grassland plains.
Chitemene use ash to enrich the soil, while Lozisystem depends on cattle manure/silt.
Chitemene fields are larger than the Lozi fields.
Under Chitemenefield’s rotation is practised, while Lozi Fields have permanent fields.
Transhumance is practised under Lozi system, while it is absent under Chitemene.
Chitemene totally depends on rainfall, while Lozi system is supplemented by irrigation.
Lozi system integrates livestock farming with crop farming, while Chitemene system does
not.
(c) The growing conditions for sugar cane production in Mazabuka
Irrigation of the field is done using water from the Kafue River.
Levelling off the field is done with the support of machinery.
High temperatures (26°c) throughout the year.
Fertile clay soils, heavy capital and good road transport and railway.
Part two
1 (a)Biblical theory of the earth.
God created everything including the earth and all forms of life.
He took seven days to do all his work.
According to the Bible, God created everything in six days and on the seventh day he rested.
Day 1, God created day and night, day 2 God created heaven.
Day 3, God created the earth and the sea including vegetation.
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Human beings were created on the sixth day and made them male and female.
The first male was Adam and the female was Eve.
(b) Scientific theory of creation
Scientists believe that the universe was formed 13.8 billion years ago while the Earth was
formed 4.5 billion years ago from the Big - bang theory.
Living things started appearing about 3.8 billion years ago through the process called
Evolution.
Charles Darwin explained the origin of man through the theory of evolution.
About 570 million years ago invertebrates and other tiny organisms evolved in the sea due to
increase in oxygen.
300 million years ago vertebrates like fish evolved.
Later Amphibians and Reptiles evolved 200 million years ago.
Mammals appeared 75 million years ago.
About 20, 000 years ago Human beings evolved from mammals.
2. The Bemba Kingdom.
(a) Origin
The Bemba Kingdom originated from the Luba kingdom in the Democratic Republic of
Congo. They were led by Chiti and Nkole. They conquered the people they found and
brought them into the Bemba group. The Bembas settled in Chinsali and Kasama areas.
Bemba group belongs to royal crocodile clan, AbenaNg'andu.
Political organisation
[2]
They were led by Chitimukulu.
Muluba was the first to use this title.
Other Chitimukulu included; Chitenta, Chepela and Chitapankwa.
Chepela introduced some reforms.
Economic activities
[3]
Their area was poor in resources.
Largely depended on raids.
Participated in the long distance trade.
Collection of tribute.
3. (a) Rudd concession
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Charles Rudd was a member of De Beers Company. He was sent by Rhodes and signed a
treaty with Lobengula on 30th October, 1888. Lobengula, his heirs and successors were to be
paid a monthly sum of £1000, riffles and 100 000 rounds of ammunition and a gunboat to use
on the Zambezi River. In return Lobengula agreed to grant Rhodes mineral rights in his
kingdom.
(b) The British South African Company (B.S.A)
The British South African Company under the Leadership of John Cecil Rhodes invaded the
Mashonaland on 24th October, 1890. Rhodes would protect his country from European
occupation. He gave rights to the company. The rights to administer certain areas of central
Africa. He gave it mineral rights, rights to tax African people. He treated Africans with
respect.
(c)Pioneer column
In 1890 Rhodes sent a group of 200 Men/families, 200 company Police in case of attack and
200 of Khama's Ba Mangwato as labourers. Dr L.S Jameson went as a personal
Representative of Rhodes and Fredrick Selous, the Hunter and explorer, guided the column.
Part Three
1. A Colony
A Colony is a country ruled by people from another Country.
Features of the colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia
Chiefs lost their Independence and because agents of colonial government. This system of
ruling through Chiefs was called indirect rule.
Africans were not allowed to take part in the government. They had not to Vote and were not
allowed to stand as candidates in elections.
Africans were forced to pay government tax, but the colonial government did not use the
money for the benefits of Africans.
Africans were not allowed to move from one part of the country to another without the
permission of the colonial government.
Africans were only employed to do low jobs such clerical work, mining or farm labour.
An African was required to have a pass (Chitupa) in order to be allowed to live in Town.
African children went to separate schools from those of the White Children. Schools for
African children were very poor.
Africans who were employed on the mines were not allowed to live with their wives and
Children.
Africans were not allowed to enter some shops. They bought goods through the windows.
This was called hatch system.
Africans lived in separate residential areas from Whites. Whites lived in good areas, while
Africans in poor areas.
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Africans were not allowed to own big Businesses. The only form of business Africans were
allowed was to run Tea carts.
2. (a) Corruption is the giving of money, valuables or receiving of a service from someone
in return of a favour.
(b) There are three types of Corruption which are described below;
Petty Corruption; this type of Corruption is widely practiced in Zambia and usually
involves small payments. These payments are called bribes. This type of Corruption is
commonly referred as Nchekelako.
Grand Corruption; this type of Corruption involves substantial amount of money. It is
usually practiced by high ranking officials in government in terms of awarding of contracts.
Political Corruption; this type of Corruption is associated with the electoral process. It is
usually practiced by those contesting political power.
3. (a) Sources of Revenue for the council.
Grants from the central government, borrowing from financial institutions such as
Banks, collecting rents, rates from the public, running business such as taverns and collecting
personal Levy
(b) Services the council provide to people in Local community.
Collection of disposal (garbage), maintenance of roads and drainages, provision of public
health services, provision of recreation facilities e.g. Trade fare, maintenance of sites such as
grave yards, residential areas, maintenance of roads and drainages, housing of motor cars and
trading licenses, provision of street light, provision of public libraries, control of epidemics
such as Cholera, typhoid etc.
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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2019
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/2
PAPER 2
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SECTION A
1. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
In the forested areas of Northern Zambia, farming is practiced by many people at subsistence
level. A plot where crops are to be cultivated is chosen in a wooded area. From about May to
June the branches and tops of the larger trees are cut down leaving only the tree trunks
standing. The branches cut down are piled into stacks and left to dry, after which they are
burnt. With the onset of the rains a variety of crops are planted at different times within the
rain season.
A. What type of traditional farming system is being described in the passage above?
[1]
B. Name one subsistence crop grown by farmers described in question A.
[1]
C. Mention one tool used by the subsistence farmers in the forested areas of Northern
Zambia.
[1]
D. Why do subsistence farmers burn the cut down vegetation?
[1]
E. State two harmful effects of the traditional farming system described in the passage to the
environment.
[2]
F. State two differences between the traditional farming system mentioned in A and the
Bulozi flood plain system.
G. Suggest two measures that can be used to improve traditional farming system in
Zambia.[2]
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[2]
1.
Study the Map below and answer the questions that follow.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
What name was given to the area marked A?
[1]
What is the name of the river marked B where the first farmers developed from? [1]
Name the place marked C where Livingstone met Henry Morton Stanley?
[1]
How many years ago did farming reach the area marked D?
[1]
Apart from farming, what new ideas did the early Iron Age farmers bring to area
D?[1]
Who explored river E in 1795?
[1]
Name the area marked F where an explorer drowned.
[1]
Mention the Kingdom in pre- colonial Zambia which the people in area G destroyed
due to the negative influence of slave trade.
[1]
Which archaeologist made most discoveries at a place marked H in East Africa? [1]
Who was the first Portuguese explorer to reach the place marked I?
[1]
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
3.
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow;
THE ORGANS OF THE
ZAMBIAN GOVERNMENT
X
Executive
Y
A. Identify organs X and Z.
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[2]
B. What is the main role of the central government?
[1]
C. Give three functions of the executive.
[3]
D. What do we call the principle that allows the three organs of the government to
work independently of each other?
[1]
E. (i) Mention two duties of the security officer who works within organ X.
[2]
(ii) One of the committees that operate in organ X is the Public Accounts
Committee. Explain the role of this committee.
[1]
SECTION B
Part one
1. a) Explain the Factors leading to the rapid population growth in Zambia.
b) Suggest solutions to the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia.
2. a) state the importance of mining to the social and economical development of North
Western province.
b) Explain the effects of coal mining on the environment in Maamba.
3. a) Why does Mwinilunga receive an annual rainfall total of over 1300mm?
b) How does the climate affect human activities in the Gwembe Valley?
[5]
[5]
[6]
[4]
[4]
[3]
c) Explain the factors for the differences in temperature between Mbala and Chirundu. [3]
Part two
1. What were the causes and results of the Luba-Lunda migration in central Africa?
a) Causes,
b) Results.
[5]
[5]
2. Using the subheadings below, Describe the way of life of the Lozi people of Western
province.
a) Economic organization,
[3]
b) Political organization,
[3]
c) Social organization.
[4]
3. a) How did Harry Johnstone colonize the central Africa?
b) Describe Harry Johnstone's rule from 1891 to 1895.
[7]
[3]
Part three
1. a) Why was the House of Chiefs established?
[2]
b) Explain the roles of the house of Chiefs.
[8]
2. a) What are magistrate courts?
b) Describe the types of Criminal cases.
3. Explain how any two of the following agencies have offered technical assistance to
Zambia:
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[4]
[6]
a) World Health organization (W.H.O);
[5]
b) United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural organization (UNESCO);
[5]
c) United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF);
[5]
d) United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHRC).
[5]
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2019
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/2
PAPER 2
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
A. Chitemene system
B. (i) Millet (ii) Maize (iii) Sorghum (iv) Cassava (v) Groundnuts (vi) Sweet potatoes
C. (i) Hoe (ii) Axe (iii) Pangas (iv) Sticks
D. Because the burnt trees turn into ashes, of which ashes act as fertilizer.
E. (i) Deforestation (ii) Soil erosion (iii) Low productivity (iv) Leaching (v) Pollution (vi)
Global warming
F. (i) Chitemene system depends on ashes as fertilizer while, Bulozi system depends on
animal manure. (ii) Chitemene system does not integrate livestock farming with crop farming
while, Bulozi does.
G. (i) Creation of cooperatives (ii) Provision of extension services to educate the farmers (iii)
Construction of feeder roads (iv) Use of drought animals e.g. donkeys in Southern province
(v) Distribution of farming inputs like fertilizers by government agents e.g. NGOs.
2.
A. Mesopotamia / Fertile crescent
B. Nile river
C. Ujiji
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D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
2000 years ago
(i) Iron Smelting (ii) Basket Weaving (iii) Pottery making (iv) Trading
Mungo Park
Bussa
Chewa Kingdom
Dr Luis Leaky
Bartholomew Diaz
3.
A. X-Legislature
Z- Judiciary
A. - To defend the country.
- To provide public services.
- To make executive and enforce laws.
- To develop the country.
- To raise money.
- To establish international relations with other countries.
B. - To carry out decisions on behalf of the country.
- To provide social services such as education and health.
- To raise money.
- To enforce laws in the country.
- To establish international relations with other countries.
- To spearhead development in the country.
D. Separation of powers
E. (i) – He/she is the security officer of the national assembly.
-
He/she sends an MP who misbehaves contrary to Parliament code of conduct
when ordered by the speaker to maintain order when instructed by the speaker.
He/she assists the speaker to maintain order.
(ii) It studies how government Ministers spend money.
SECTION B
Part one
1. Factors leading to the rapid population growth in Zambia.
High birth rates due to high fertility rate.
Improved medical facilities.
Improved food nutrition.
Decline in death rates.
Lack of family planning.
Early marriages.
Low education levels among girls and Women.
Religious and traditional beliefs.
High levels of poverty.
Lack of recreation facilities (social amenities) such as play parks, swimming pools, sports
playing fields, movies and game centers to young people busy.
Solutions to the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia
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Provision of recreation facilities so as to make young people busy.
Discourage some religious and traditional practices in relation to sex Life.
Use of condoms to those in sexual activities and encourage abstinence.
Spreading information to the communities on the impact of HIV and AIDS.
Imparting knowledge especially in young people on how best they can live without sex until
the right time.
2. Importance of mining to the social and economical development of North Western
province.
It brings foreign exchange.
It brings development e.g. stadia, schools, hospitals.
It provides or creates employment to people.
It brings wealth to the country.
It provides raw materials for many manufacturing industries e.g. copper to make electronic
cables.
Effects of coal mining on the environment in Maamba
Land degradation.
Displacement of humans and animals.
Pollution of air, water, sound and land.
Destroys the natural vegetation.
Loss of Biodiversity.
3. Reasons for Mwinilunga receiving an annual rainfall of over 1300mm.
Rainfall distribution in Zambia is affected by latitude and altitude.
Latitude
The Northern part of Zambia gets the most rainfall. Mwinilunga receives much rainfall
because it is closer to the equator.
Altitude
The higher the altitudes such as Highlands or mountains, receive more rainfall than at lower
altitude such as valleys. Mwinilunga receives much rainfall because of higher altitude.
How climate affect human activities in Gwembe valley.
It influences people's health, behavior, eating habits, choice of clothes and recreation
activities.
It dictates the farming season.
It influences human settlement.
It influences the type of houses that people build.
It influences the type of business favourable for each given area such as tourism, fishing, and
farming and mining.
It brings about bad weather which can cause a lot of problems to the people such as floods,
drought, skin diseases and loss of animals.
Factors for the difference in temperature between Mbala and Chirundu
Temperature in different parts of Zambia is influenced by two factors;
Latitude
This means the distance away from the equator. It is hotter near the equator, because the sun's
rays are more direct throughout the year. Mbala is cooler than Chirundu because of lower
latitude.
Altitude
This means how high or low a place is above sea level. It is generally cooler at higher
altitudes, such as mountains or highlands, which are at lower altitudes such as valleys. Mbala
lies at a high altitude and is therefore cooler than Chirundu in the low-lying Zambezi valley.
Part two
1. Causes of the Luba-Lunda migration
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Population increase; There was an increase in population as a result of new crops such as
Maize, Beans and Pineapples that were introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th Century.
Need for fertile Land
Family quarrels; Quarrels within Families caused migrations. For instance in the 16th
Century, Undi and his brother quarreled.
Witchcraft; others were accused of practicing witchcraft and were forced to migrate or
entered a Life of slavery.
Misrule by a Chief; others migrated because of harsh leadership by their kings.
Effects of the Luba-Lunda migration
Tribal identities; various tribal groups began to identify themselves within groups who had
migrated with them from the Katanga.
Introduction of centralized kingdoms; these people introduced the idea of setting up
kingdoms based on a centralized system were by power was in the hands of Chiefs with SubChiefs under him.
Introduction of Long Distance trade; Most of these people were gave traders. They came into
Zambia and introduced the knowledge of Long Distance trade with foreigners such as the
Portuguese and Swahili.
Introduction of New Crops; various types of crops were introduced such as Chitemene
system which is practiced among the Bemba.
2. Economic organization of the Lozi people
Farming; Floods ensured that the earth’s of the plains were Rich and fertile and they grew
crops such as Sorghum, Maize and root crops.
Fishing; The Lozi caught fish from the Zambezi and tributaries, and in large dams on the
plains.
Keeping cattle; the flood plains also offered good grazing for animals.
Political organization of the Lozi people
The first Luyi ruler was known as Mbo Muyunda, the Wise one. His traditional title was
Litunga.
However, his youngest brothers broke away from the Litunga's Kingdom, and started new
groups of their own.
There were many conflicts between the different groups, until Ngalama, the fourth Litunga
(King), unified his kingdom. It became to be called Lozi Kingdom from Luyi.
Because the Lozi believed that the King was descended from the gods, the Litunga was
highly feared and respected.
Social organization of the Lozi people
The Lozi people lived on the Zambezi floodplains. This area flooded each year during the
rainy season.
They built their Villages on termite mounds or they made mounds of earth and stones to
make their homes higher.
Each year, when the floods come, the people had to move to escape the floods together with
the Litunga in a large barge boat called Nalikwanda.
The Lozi people traced their descent from either the Father's side of the family or the
Mother's side of the family.
They believed that the child belonged to both sides of the family. Instead of the clan names,
they used Mishuku.
3. The way Harry Johnstone colonized the central Africa
In 1891 Britain declared the whole of Nyasaland a British protectorate. The B.S.A Company
agreed to Grant Britain an annual sum of €10,000 to help administrating the area. Harry
Johnstone became the first administrator or the high commissioner. He fought slave traders
Makangira of the Yao and Mlozi, the Arab- Swahili traders brought peace to the area. In 1897
he retired in favour of Alfred Sharpe.
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Harry Johnstone's rule from 1891 to 1895
After defeating Maseko Ngoni, Nyasaland was granted executive and Legislative councils.
Many Europeans came to open up forms in Shire area.
Part three
1. Establishment of the House of Chiefs
The house of Chiefs was established to provide leadership in the community and act as
Custodians that protect traditional values and land.
Roles of the house of Chiefs
To consider and discuss a Bill relating to custom or tradition referred to it by the president,
before the Bill is introduced into the National Assembly.
Initiates discuss and make recommendations to the National Assembly regarding Socialeconomic development in the province.
Initiates discuss and make recommendations to a local authority regarding the welfare of
communities in a local authority.
Make propels on areas in customary laws that require codification.
Advise the government on traditional and customary matters.
Advising central government on the development of Chiefdoms.
2. Magistrate Court
Magistrate court is the third highest court in Zambia. It hears most serious cases that cannot
be handled by Local Court. The person who hears cases in Magistrate court is called
Magistrate. It can only sentence a person to jail for not More than 5 years.
Types of Criminal cases
Theft is the taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or
consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse,
especially with Malice.
Bribery is when a person offers something of value to another person in order to receive
something in exchange.
Perjury is the international act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the
truth, whether spoken or in Writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding.
Treason is the offense of acting to overthrow one's government or to harm its sovereignty.
Spying/Espionage is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information or divulging of the
same without the permission of the Holder of the information.
Assault is the act of inflicting physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or
attempt to commit such an action.
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual
penetration carried out against a person without that person's consent.
3. World Health organization (W.H.O)
Planning Health policies.
Monitoring, assessing and evaluating health Programmes.
Conducting research Programmes.
Offering financial and technical assistance to all countries of the world. For example in
Zambia, WHO works towards the eradication of killer diseases like Malaria, Tuberculosis,
Measles, Diapheria, Tetanus, Cholera, Dysentery, Diarrhoea, HIV/AIDS, covid-19.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural organization (UNESCO)
Carrying out Scientific research Programmes.
Encouraging the development and preservation of Cultural values and Cultural heritage.
Promoting free flow of information on World issues.
Promoting freedom of the press or the media.
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Offering training opportunities to teachers, community workers, scientists, technicians,
agriculturalists, rural development workers and journalists in developing countries like
Zambia.
United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF)
UNICEF believes that nurturing and caring for children's are the cornerstone of human
progress.
It advocates for measures to give children the best start in life, because of proper care at the
youngest age forms the strongest foundation for a person's Future.
It promotes girl's Education, ensuring that they complete primary education as minimum,
because it benefits all children, both boys and girls.
It acts so that all children are immunized against common childhood diseases and are well
nourished, because it is wrong for a child to suffer or die from a preventable illness.
It works to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people because it is right to keep
them from harm and enable them to protect others.
It upholds the convention on the rights of the Child.
It involves everyone in creating protective environments for Children.
United Nations High commission for Refugees (UNHCR)
The UNHCR assists refugees. A refugee is a person who leaves his or her country of origin
because of social, religious, economic and political reasons.
The UNHR sees to it that host countries offer basic Human needs and rights to refugees such
as health, education, clean and safe water, shelter, clothing and recreation.
The UNHR sees to it that refugees return to their countries.
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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2018
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/2
PAPER 2
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
SECTION A
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Study the Map below and answer the questions that follow.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Name the physical feature A.
What is the name of town B?
Name the Hydro-Electric power (HEP) station located at C.
Give two reasons why fishing is practiced in physical feature A.
State three uses of lakes shown on the Map.
State two characteristics of relief in the shaded area shown on the Map.
1. Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.
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[1]
[1]
[1]
[2]
[3]
[2]
A. What creature is shown in the picture above whose remains were taken to London
Museum?
[1]
B. Where the remains of the creature in the picture above were discovered?
[1]
C. When were the remains of the creature in the above picture discovered?
[1]
D. Who discovered the remains of the creature in the picture above?
[1]
E. To which Stone Age period did the creature in the picture above belong to?
[1]
F. The creature in the picture above was discovered by Men digging in kopjes. Explain
the meaning of the word Kopje.
[1]
G. Why was it possible for the creature in the picture above to live in caves which were
previously occupied by wild animal?
[2]
H. Name two new methods of hunting which were used by the creature in the picture
above.
[2]
I. What name was given to creatures similar to the picture above found in other parts of
the World?
[1]
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
What is a Motto?
State Zambia’s motto.
On which symbol of national identity is Zambia’s Motto found?
What is the Main emphasis of the national Motto?
Mention the gatherings where the national Motto is used?
How would you as a Zambian citizen uphold Zambia’s Motto?
Identify the electronic media that uses Zambia’s Motto before news
time.[1]
H. Give any three social values which you as a citizen should uphold.
[2]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[3]
SECTION C
Part one
1. a) Describe the distribution of major minerals mined in Zambia.
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[5]
b) Explain the effects brought by mining on the environment in Maamba.
[5]
2. With reference to population in Zambia;
a) Explain the following; Census, population density, growth rate, birth rate and mortality
rate.
[5]
b) Explain the effects of HIV and AIDS on rural population.
[5]
3. With reference to tourism in Zambia;
a) Describe the distribution of tourist attractions in Northern circuit (Luapula, Muchinga
and Northern provinces).
[5]
b) Explain the benefits of tourism.
[5]
Part two
1. Describe the Bushmen artistic paintings using the headings below;
a) Types of paintings.
[5]
b) Materials used to paint and sites.
[5]
2. With reference to the work of David Livingstone in central Africa account for the
following;
a) Second journey,
b) Third journey.
[5]
[5]
3. Explain how the following political parties were formed;
a) African National Congress (ANC),
[5]
b) United National Independence Party (UNIP).
[5]
Part three
1. a) As a citizen of Zambia, explain how you demonstrate respect for symbols of national
identity.
[4]
b) Describe the importance of the features found on Zambia's coat of arms.
[6]
2. Explain how the following institutions promote gender equality:
a) Forum for African Women Educationalists of Zambia (FAWEZA),
[5]
b) Zambia National Women's lobby group (ZNWLG).
[5]
3. a) Explain the causes of inflation.
b) Suggest methods of controlling inflation.
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[4]
[6]
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2018
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/2
PAPER 2
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bulozi/ Barotse flood plains.
Chipata.
Chishimba power station in Kasama.
(i) Availability of water from the Zambezi river (ii) Presence of much food in the
fishery.
E. (i) For Fishing (ii) For Transportation (iii) For Domestic and industrial use (iv)
For Irrigation.
F. (i) This relief is called the Highveld. (ii) This region includes highlands such
asMbala, Makutu, Mafinga and watersheds (Zambezi-Congo and Luangwa-Lake
Malawi). (iii) It covers land above 1200meters above sea level.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Broken Hillman.
Kabwe, Zambia.
1921.
Zwingeelan.
Middle Stone Age.
Small hill.
Because of the discovery of fire.
(i) missiles (ii) traps
Neanderthal man.
3.
A. A Motto is a short sentence expressing the guiding goals of an
organization.
B. One Zambia, One Nation
C. Coat of Arms
D. Unity among all ethnic groups of people of Zambia.
E. (i) On official public gatherings
(ii) On Presidential address to the Nation
F. (i) By composing songs and poems that promotes oneness
(ii) By mentioning it on official public gatherings
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(iii) By mentioning it on Television before and after the news.
G. Zambian National Broadcasting Corporation ( ZNBC)
H. (i) Liberty (ii) Equality (iii) Justice
SECTION B
1. Distribution of major minerals mined in Zambia.
Copperbelt
The mining towns (areas) include; Chingola, Mufulira, Ndola, Chililabombwe,
Bwanamkubwa and Luanshya.
North Western province
The North Western towns (Areas) include; Kansanshi, Lumwana, Solwezi, Kalengwa and
Kalumbila.
Southern province
The mining towns (areas) include; Maamba and Munali.
Central province
The mining towns (areas) include; Mkushi, Nampundwe and Kabwe (mines closed).
Effects of mining on the environment in Maamba.
Destroys the natural vegetation, mine wastes disposal poses a health risk to human and
animals.
Pollution of air, Water, land and sound.
Land degradation.
Displacement of people and wildlife.
Loss of Biodiversity. Some animals and trees become extinct when large areas are cleared.
2. Definitions of census, population density, growth rate, birth rate and mortality rate
Census
This is the official counting of people living in a given area or country at a particular time.
Population density.
This is the number of people living in an area or country per square kilometers.
Population density= Number of people/ area in square kilometers.
Growth rate
This is the Rate at which the population is increasing or decreasing in a given year due to
birth rate, death rate and migration.
Birth rate
This is the number of births per 1000 population in a year.
Birth rate= number of births/ 1000× 100%.
Mortality rate
This is the number of deaths in a given population in a year.
Effects of HIV and AIDS on rural population
Increase in widows and widowers.
Increase in orphans and street kids.
Decline in agricultural activities.
Reduction in population.
Loss of many hours due to time spent looking after the sick.
3. Distribution of tourist attractions in Muchinga, Luapula and Northern provinces
(Northern circuit)
LUAPULA PROVINCE
Waterfalls
Musonda falls on the Kalungweshi River in Luapula.
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Traditional ceremonies
Mutomboko ceremony of the Lunda people of Mwatakazembe of Luapula.
MUCHINGA PROVINCE
Traditional ceremonies
Mulasa ceremony of the Namwanga people of Nakonde.
Wildlife in National parks and game reserves
These include south and North Luangwa National parks.
Scenic beauty
Mountain scenery such as, Muchinga escarpment and Mafinga as well as Makutu mountains.
NORTHERN PROVINCE
Historical sites
They include Kalambo falls and Nachikufu rock paintings.
Traditional ceremonies
Ukusefya pa Ngwena of the Bemba speaking people.
Waterfalls
They include Kalambo falls.
The benefits of tourism
Create of employment to the Local people.
It is a source of income.
It is a source of foreign exchange.
It contributes to the development of infrastructure.
It contributes to the gross National products.
Part two
Naturalistic
These were the drawings of people and animals just as they appear in nature.
Schematic
These were the type of paintings that were difficult to understand. In most cases they looked
like Mathematical drawings of triangles and rectangles.
Dirt white wash
Used White paint and often dirt in appearance and included drawings of animals like reptiles
and people.
Engravings
These were made by using sharp tools such as scrappers. They either made a continuous line
by scratching or stabbed.
Materials used to paint
The Bushmen could have used Feathers and Fur from animals.
They could have obtained black paint from charcoal.
The dirt-white from certain soils like, Light white-grey soils, red and yellowish soils and rock
powder mixed with animal fat could have been used as paint.
Animal blood was also used as paint.
Sites
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Nachikufu caves in Mpika district.
Katotola in Eastern province.
Nsalu caves in serenje.
2. Second journey of David Livingstone
In 1858, Livingstone returned to Africa as a British Consul in Mozambique to oppose the
slave trade. From there he went on with his Journey through Eastern and Central Africa.
Livingstone started his second journey from Quelimane and sailed upstream in the Zambezi
River. His aim was to see if the Zambezi River was navigable.
After he was stopped by the Cabora Bassa rapids, he explored the Shire River and highlands.
He encouraged the setting up of mission station at Magomero in what is now Malawi.
Livingstone then continued trying to navigate inland along the Ruvuma River. However,
increasing costs and the failure to find a navigable River led to the British government
cancelling the expedition. Livingstone returned to England.
Third Journey of David Livingstone
Livingstone started his third Journey from Zanzibar in March 1866, in search of the source of
the Nile River.
He travelled up the Ruvuma River, passed through Kota-kota on the southern top of Lake
Nyasa (now called Malawi) and entered the present day Eastern province of Zambia.
He crossed the Luangwa River and the Muchinga Escarpment. He then entered Lubemba.
In 1871, he met Henry Morton Stanley at Ujiji, a journalist from the New York who told him
to go back to England, but Livingstone refused.
After this, Livingstone crossed the Bemba plateau and entered Bangweulu swamps. Here he
caught a terrible fever and finally died on 1st May, 1873 at Chitambo Village.
His African servants Chuma and Sosi buried his heart and organs under a tree. They
embalmed his body and carried it to the East coast of Africa.
His body was shipped back to England where he was buried in Westminster Abbey in
London, England.
Formation of African National Congress (ANC).
It was established in 1951. It was led by Harry Mwanga Nkumbula. The ANC's aim was to
prevent the formation of the federation. In March 1953, Nkumbula burned the British White
paper on the proposed Federation constitution and called for two days of national prayers.
Formation of United National Independence Party (UNIP)
It was formed in 1959. This party was created from other political parties formed when the
ZANC was banned. Mainza Chona led the party until Kenneth Kaunda was released from
prison in 1960.
Part three
The way of demonstration respect for the symbols of national identity
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Our national symbols help us to identify the heritage and culture of our country and give
citizens a sense of belonging and pride.
The following are the ways in which we demonstrate respect for these symbols;
Showing coat of arms on all government assets, such as, Letters, NRC, Driver's license and
many more.
Saluting to the national flag.
Singing the national anthem at national functions and official events.
Celebrating Independence Day on 24th October.
The importance of the features found on the coat of arms.
The Man and Woman; represents the importance of family life in Zambia.
The black and white wavy lines; represents the Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River.
The hoe and pick; represents the hardworking of the Zambian people in mining and
agriculture.
The Maize cob, mine shaft head and Zebra; represents fertile land, minerals and wildlife in
Zambia.
The national motto, 'One Zambia, one Nation'; represents unity among all ethnic groups of
people in Zambia.
The eagle; represents the ability to solve our own problems.
Gender equality
Gender equality is a concept which states that all human beings are free to develop their
personal abilities without limitations set by stereotyped rigid gender roles and prejudices.
Forum for African women Educationalist in Zambia (FAWEZA) promotes gender equality in
the following ways;
To stimulate government, donors, communities and civil society organizations to increase
financing for gender equity Programmes in education.
To stimulate advocacy and campaigns against social, cultural, economic and institutional
barriers to female participation in education.
To reduce parental demand for resources and opportunities for girls specific education needs.
To use existing data to design high impact Programmes that take into account the special
needs for girls and Women education.
To advocate for increased participation of females in education management and policy
making positions.
To promote female and male leader's catalytic role in promoting girls' education
advancement, through targeted capacity-building Programmes.
Zambia National Women's Lobby group
Promotion of equal participation and representation of Women and Men in decision-making.
Cultivation and promotion of a culture of gender equality and equity and respect for Women's
rights through changes in attitude, language and legal procedure.
Capacity building for female aspiring candidate for elections.
Holding monthly discussions on national and topical issues.
Conducting community debates on topical issues.
Inflation
Inflation is a situation where there is too much money in circulation chasing too few goods.
The following are the causes of inflation;
High salaries and wages of workers.
Full employment; where the country exports more of its locally made goods.
Reduction of money supply in circulation.
Expansion of non-market sectors such as construction of roads.
Ways of controlling inflation
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By increasing the production of goods and services.
By increasing taxation.
By increasing bank interest rates. By reducing government expenditure in non-market
sectors.e.g roads.
By using treasury bills. This is the release of Money such as Dollars in the economy to
stabilize the currency.
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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2017
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/2
PAPER 2
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SECTION A
1. Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Name town A.
[1]
What is the average altitude of shaded area B?
[1]
Name Lake C.
[1]
What is the name of the cultural feature marked D?
[1]
State two physical conditions which discourage farming in the shaded area
B.[2]
F. Suggest two solutions to the problems faced by farmers in the shaded area
B.[2]
G. Give two economic benefits of the cultural feature D to Zambia.
[2]
2. Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.
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A. What name is given to Man A in the picture above?
[1]
B. What does the name of the Man A in the picture above mean?
[1]
C. Name the Archaeologist who discovered the remains of Man A shown in the picture
above?
[1]
D. Apart from the Man in A, name one other creature discovered by the Archaeologist
mentioned in C above.
[1]
E. Suggest two ways man A in the picture above obtained his food.
[2]
F. State two differences in the physical appearance between Man A and Man B in the
picture above.
[2]
G. How did Man B in the picture above obtain his food?
[1]
H. Mention the Biological name given to Man B in the picture above.
[1]
3. Study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow;
A. What is the total value of notes shown above?
[1]
B. On one side of every bank note, there is a symbol that makes Zambians
remember the people who bravely fought for our independence. What is the
name of this symbol?
[1]
C. What concept is used to describe the status of the bank notes shown above as
the form of payment within the Zambian boundaries?
[1]
D. Identify any two Money Laundering activities.
[2]
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E. Mr. Kaso decided to bury a tin full of various bank coins in his maize field
instead of taking them to the bank. What do we call this unsafe method of
keeping money?
[1]
F. The process of saving money with an aim of making profit for future use is
called…….
[1]
G. Anastasia was given K 150.20 by her Mother. She made a budget for buying
books, Pens, Stockings, ruler and juice. What kind of a budget is this?
[1]
H. Explain what is meant by deferred payment.
I. Mrs. Malamba harvested her farm produce such as tomatoes and other
vegetables. She could not store them for a long time. She decided to sell the
produce off and took the money to the bank. This function of money is known
as…….
[1]
SECTION C
PART ONE
1. With reference to manufacturing and food processing industries in Zambia.
a) Describe the types of food processing industries found in the country.
b) Explain the problems faced by manufacturing and food processing industries in
Zambia.
[5]
[5]
2. With reference to fishing industry in Zambia.
(a) Describe the fishing methods used in the Kafue fisheries.
(b) What are the challenges facing the fishing industry in Luapula province?
(c) Suggest three solutions to the problems the fishing industry is facing.
3. a) Describe the characteristics of Highveld region in Zambia.
b) Explain the importance of Rivers and lakes in Zambia.
Part two
1. Outline the way of life of the middle stone age under the following;
(a) Discovery
(b) Tools
(c) Way of life
[4]
[3]
[3]
[4]
[6]
[2]
[4]
[4]
2. Explain the origin, slow development, Expansion and decline of the Bemba Kingdom.
a) Origin,
[2]
b) Slow development,
[2]
c) Expansion,
[3]
d) Decline.
[3]
3. What were the causes and results of the Atlantic slave trade?
a) Causes,
[5]
b) Results.
[5]
Part three
1. a) Explain the concept good governance.
b) Describe the characteristics of good governance.
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[2]
[8]
2. a) Explain any two types of corruption.
b) Describe the role of young people in the fight against Corruption.
[4]
[6]
3. Imagine that you are a member of the Red Cross organization in your local community.
Write on the following:
a) Formation of the Red Cross organization.
[5]
b) Works of the Red Cross organization in Zambia.
[5]
1. a) Explain the concept good governance.
b) Describe the characteristics of good governance.
[2]
[8]
2. a) Explain any two types of corruption.
[4]
b) Describe the role of young people in the fight against Corruption.
[6]
3. Imagine that you are a member of the Red Cross organization in your local community.
Write on the following:
a) Formation of the Red Cross organization.
[5]
b) Works of the Red Cross organization in Zambia.
[5]
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATIONS (GRADE 9) – 2017
SOCIAL STUDIES 207/1
PAPER 1
EXTERNAL CANDIDATES
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mansa
Below 900 meters above the sea level.
Itezhi-tezhi Dam
Victoria falls
(i) Poor transport system especially feeder road. (ii) Lack of inputs e.g.
fertilizers and seeds etc. (iii) Lack of capital- No money to purchase inputs
or machinery.
F. (i) Improve transport especially feeder roads. (ii) Provision and
distribution of seed by the government such as Zamseed, Pana seed. (iii)
Providing credit facilities to small scale and emergent farmers.
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G. (i) Since it’s a tourist attraction, it brings foreign exchange in our country.
(ii) Source of employment. (iii) It enables development of infrastructure
which includes; Roads, Bridges, Hotels, and many more.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Homo Habilis
Handy Man
Dr Louis Leakey
Zinjanthropus / Kenyapithecus / Proconsul Africanus
(i) Hunting (ii) Gathering (iii) Fishing
(i) Man A had a small size of the brain while, Man B had a large size of the brain. (ii)
Man A had plenty of hair on his body while, Man B had few hair on his body. (iii)
Man A could not stand upright while, Man B could stand upright.
G. (i) Agriculture ( Farming) (ii) Trading (iii) Hunting (iv) Fishing
H. Homo sapiens.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
One-Hundred eighty seven kwacha. (K187).
Freedom statue.
Easy to recognize (Reconizability).
(i) Fraud (ii) False pretense (iii) Deceit
Hoarding.
Investment.
Personal budget,
Deferred of payment means agreement can be easily is reached between two
people to allow the buyer settle his/her credit in future.
I. Store of value.
SECTION C
Part one
1. Types of food processing industries in Zambia.
Milling industry; this is an industry that makes powdered Millies such as Millie meal,
baking flour, powdered groundnuts, and table salt e.t.c.
Caning industry; this is an industry that makes canned food such as canned Fish, jam, beef
and baked beans.
Confectionery industry; this is an industry that makes sweet (Candy) foods such as sweets,
biscuits, chocolate and ice creams.
Beverage industry; this is an industry that makes drinks such as water, soft drinks and beer.
Examples, mineral water, coca- cola and chibuku respectively.
Problems faced by manufacturing and processing industries in Zambia.
Cost of raw materials; some materials are very expensive.
Capital; most manufacturing and processing industries face stiff competition from cheap
imported goods.
Transport; poor transport system delay in transportation of raw materials and finished goods.
Storage; manufactured goods such as perishables require good storage facilities which are
expensive to acquire.
Market; there are not readily available markets for some manufactured goods.
2. Fishing methods used in Kafue fishery.
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Hand nets; these are used to scoop fish out of the water and nets are called by different
local names depending on where they are used.
Fish craft; this range from dug-out canoes to large motor powered boats. Fiber glass boats
are increasing replacing wooden boats and dug-out canoes.
Gill nets; these are used to trap fish by their gills. The nets are made of strong nylons. They
are used to set over night and the fish caught are removed next morning.
Seine nets or drown nets; they are Also made of strong nylons, the Seine nets are mounted
on a head rope with floats and foot rope with sinkers.
Poison and explosives; this is a bad fishing method used by small scale fishermen to catch
the fish. The place where the poison and explosives to kill the fish in the water and later
collect when the fish float dead.
Challenges facing by fishing industry in Luapula
Marketing; Long distance to markets makes it difficult to sell fish catches.
Storage; Fishermen lack storage facilities to store fish on a large scale, which is mainly
hindered to electricity.
Transportation; poor transport system to Luapula, especially in the rainy season.
Overfishing; overfishing results in smaller catches.
Bad fishing methods; some fishing methods such as, Seine nets, cause environmental damage
Solutions to the problems faced by fishing industry in Luapula.
Building of a fishing training school in Sonazongwe
Building of ice plant on Mpulungu and Kashikishi
Discourage people from doing overfishing.
Establishing of a net and boat making factory in Kafue
Improvement of roads
Introduction of fish ban to allow fish to breed
Provision of loans for fishing farming
3. Characteristics of Highveld
This is the land above 1200m above Sea level. This level includes highlands such as Mbala,
Mafinga, Makutu and watersheds (Zambezi-Congo and Luangwa - Lake Malawi).
Importance of Rivers and lakes in Zambia
Farming; they are used to supply water for irrigation and drinking by farm animals.
Hydro- electric power; they are used to generate hydro- electric power for use in homes and
industries.
Tourism; they are used as tourist attractions as many people are interested in many activities
done in the water.
Fishing; many types of fish are caught from Rivers and Lakes, of which they are a source of
protein to people.
Transportation; they are used to transport both people and goods.
Settlements; Sometimes human settlements are concentrated along rivers and lakes for easy
access to water.
Minerals; some precious minerals are found on the Zambezi River beds and beaches such as
gold and Diamond.
Building materials; they provide much needed building materials such as River sand and
gravel.
Part two
1. Discovery in the middle stone Age
This period existed between 40, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. The creature discovered in this
period was Broken Hillman in 1921, by Men who were digging in Kopjes (Small hills) in
Kabwe.
Tools used in the Middle Stone Age
Broken Hillman used better tools and they are as follows;
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Stone spears which were used to kill animals by putting them on wooden handles. The round
stone balls were perhaps used for throwing at animals. Also for crushing nuts. Spears and
missiles or throwing stones and hence could kill the animal from a distance. Pitfalls and
Traps.
Ways of life of people in the Middle Stone Age.
People of this era may have lived near water. They survived by hunting and gathering wild
fruits, tubers and honey from their surroundings. Evidence suggests that these people were
nomadic wanderers, often following game as well as seasonal fruits and food plants.
Origins of the Bemba Kingdom
They are believed to have originated from the Luba kingdom in kola in the Democratic
Republic of Congo at present. The sons of Mukulumpe; Chiti and Katongo fled after
quarreling with their Father. However, Chiti and Nkole died in the eastern part of the country
of Chief Mwase. The remained conquered the people they found and assimilated them into
Bemba group.
Slow development of the Bemba Kingdom was due to;
Lubemba was poor in wealth resources.
The soil was poor and this prevented good farming.
Tse-tse flies on the plateau prevented the breeding of cattle.
Expansion of the Bemba Kingdom
Raids; the Bemba survived through raiding weaker groups with salt, ivory, iron, fish and
cattle.
Concentration of power in the Miti clan; Chileshe Chepela was able to change the already
existed system of succession which allowed any member of the Bemba group to
Chieftainship by limiting the succession to the kingship to his own Miti clan.
Loyalty of subordinate chiefs; The Chitimukulu maintained trade Monopoly by not allowing
his juniors to trade directly with Swahilis.
Tribute collection; The Chitimukulu was able to develop a system of tribute collection from
his subordinates and defeated people.
Participation in the Long distance trade; The Chitimukulu was able to participate in the long
distance trade with the Swahilis. They exchanged mainly ivory and slaves for guns,
gunpowder, clothes, beads, bracelets, wine and shells.
Well organized military; Unlike Undi's kingdom which did not have strong military
establishment, the Bemba had a very strong military.
Strong Leaders; during the period of the greatest development of the Bemba power, from
about 1830-1883 two great leaders arose; these were Chileshe Chepela (1830-1860) and
Chitapankwa Sosala (1865-1883).
Decline of the Bemba Kingdom
Succession disputes; after the death of the great Chitimukulu, Chitapankwa sosala in 1883,
there was long struggle for power between Sampa the brother and his senior Bemba Chief,
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Mwamba Mubanga Chipoya who was the nephew to the deceased Chitapankwa. Although
Sampa ascended to the throne.
Loss of Trade Monopoly; Chitimukulu Sampa who ruled from 1883- 1886 failed to control
the other Bemba Chiefs who even became more powerful than himself. They engaged in
direct trade with the Swahilis.
Loss of Centralization of power in the Miti clan; after the death of Chitapankwa the great, the
Centralization of succession to the throne in the hands of the Miti clan was not followed. This
resulted into several claimants to the throne causing a lot of successional wars and
destabilization of the kingdom.
The BSA Company invasion; When the BSA Company arrived in the Lubemba area, it was
already weak and it was easy for them to declare it as a Lubemba British protectorate. Much
work of the BSA Company invasion was helped by the Missionary Bishop DuPont of the
White Fathers.
3 Causes of the Atlantic slave trade
Social motives
Need for domestic servants.
Getting rid undesirable members of society.
Political motives
Desire to expand African political influence.
For strategic reasons in terms of wars.
Economic motives
To provide cheap labour needed for plantations.
Slave trade was highly profitable business.
Results of the Atlantic slave trade
Social effects
Depopulation and destruction of culture, language and religion.
Introduction of new diseases such as syphilis, small pox, measeals, Tuberculosis etc.
Political effects
New style of leadership.
Increased violence warfare because guns were introduced.
Economic effects
Africa was robbed off its most important human resources.
Lack of development.
3 Causes of the Atlantic slave trade
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Social motives
Need for domestic servants.
Getting rid undesirable members of society.
Political motives
Desire to expand African political influence.
For strategic reasons in terms of wars.
Economic motives
To provide cheap Labour needed for plantations.
Slave trade was highly profitable business.
Results of the Atlantic slave trade
Social effects
Depopulation and destruction of culture, language and religion.
Introduction of new diseases such as syphilis, small pox, measles, Tuberculosis etc
Political effects
New style of leadership.
Increased violence warfare because guns were introduced.
Economic effects
Africa was robbed off its most important human resources.
Lack of development.
Part three
1. Good governance
Governance is the way people are ruled with or without their consent. There are two
types of governance, namely good governance and bad governance.
Good governance is a type of governance which is legitimate, competent,
accountable, respect human rights and the rule of law.
Characteristics of good governance
There is citizen participation in the affairs of the country.
There is respect of human rights in the file.
There is separation of powers among the three organs of the government namely;
executive, Judiciary and Legislature.
There is checks and balances among the three organs of the government to mean they
check on each other to ensure that each of them operate within the Law.
There is political tolerance on opposing views.
There is accountability and transparency. Accountability means that the Leaders are
answerable to the people who elected them into office. Transparency means the public
resources are for government and community activities.
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There are regular free and fair elections.
There is respect for the rule of law. The rule of law states that no one is above the
Law, rich or poor.
There is existence of many political parties.
There is independent Judiciary. This means, there is no government interference.
There is press freedom to mean radio, TV and newspapers are free to report on
anything without government interference.
3. Types of Corruption
Corruption is the giving of money, valuables or receiving of a service from someone in
return of a favour. There are three types of Corruption which are described below;
Petty Corruption; this type of Corruption is widely practiced in Zambia and usually
involves small payments. These payments are called bribes. This type of Corruption is
commonly referred as Nchekelako.
Grand Corruption; this type of Corruption involves substantial amount of money. It is
usually practiced by high ranking officials in government in terms of awarding of contracts.
Political Corruption; this type of Corruption is associated with the electoral process. It is
usually practiced by those contesting political power.
The roles of young people in the fight against Corruption.
Change attitudes from tolerance to total rejection of Corruption.
Reporting corrupt officers to institutions that are combating Corruption such as, Zambia
police service, ACC and TIZ.
Supporting organizations that are fighting Corruption.
Demanding integrity and high sense of morals from public office bearers.
Not keeping silent when they feel corrupt practice has been committed.
Encouraging and supporting free press.
Taking responsibilities for ones actions.
Knowing the procedures on how to acquire goods and services.
3. Formation of the Red Cross organization.
International Red Cross was founded in 1859 by Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss.
When France and Italy were at warm, Jean Henry Dunant was horrified at the suffering of the
wounded soldiers.
He mobilized people and formed a group of volunteers to help the wounded.
When he returned to Geneva in Switzerland, he organized more people and formed the Red
Cross society.
The headquarters of Red Cross are in Geneva, Switzerland.
Works of the Red Cross organization in Zambia are as follows;
Primary health care; Health education, immunization and community services.
First Aid; Voluntary workers conduct first aid training in industries and institutions of
learning.
Welfare services. Assists the older and handicapped members of the community in different
ways.
Blood donation; Assists blood Banks in hospitals by encouraging people to donate blood
Disaster preparedness and relief; Voluntary groups are trained to provide assistance to
disaster victims. This May be in form of food, blankets and medical care.
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