INTERNSHIP REPORT AT GUTEMA FIRISA CONSTRUCTION
2022 G.C
DECLARATION
I declare that this final internship report is my own work it is original not copied from others.
And the report contains actual events and facts that was observed and performed during my
internship practice program. The report was conducted on Nekemte bus terminal project under
the supervision and guidance of my advisor Mr. Melat.G also declare that the report I have been
submitted is only for academic purpose not serve for any other purpose.

All source materials and pictures used while compiling this report get fully acknowledged
and I approve this by my signature
Name
Abdisa Sirata
Signature
Date
As a mentor for this internship program, I hereby certify that I have read and approved this
internship final report prepared by ABDISA SIRATA
Ms. MELAT G.
Supervisor;
Signature;
Date;
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to praise the almighty God who gives power, strength and wisdom in my
life and in the internship time. Next to God I would like to acknowledge Wollega University
college of Technology department of cotm that arrange the internship program. Also I would like
to express my deepest gratitude to the university industry linkage office for organizing the whole
internship program and its effort to make sure that the whole internship program achieves its
desired goals. I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me
throughout this Internship period especially to the Engineer Abdi and to the consultant Engineer
Adisu. I would also like to extend my thanks to all GUTEMA FIRISA construction plc employee
for his supervision, advice and guidance from the very early stage of the Internship program as
well as sharing a lot of experiences throughout the work I am thankful for their aspiring
guidance, friendly advices and constructive criticism during this apparent work. And also I
would like to extend my gratitude to my advisor Mr. Melat.G without his guidance and
consulting, I would not write this paper.
Finally, I would like to thank all my family who helped me financially and my friends for their
encouragement, tolerance and endless support throughout my stay in the intern program.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
According to Wollega University curriculum it is planned to create a good interaction between
universities and industries, and also creating students that have the capability of facing and
solving practical problem. During my stay in the intern-ship period it strengthen or reinforced
myself by acquiring good knowledge of building construction process and we briefly described it
by this compiled final report.
This final intern-ship report is sub divided in to four chapters.
The first chapter, describes the general background of the hosting company which includes its
brief history, vision, mission, objective, core value, organizational structure, products and
services
In the second chapter, I try to describe the overall experience that I get from internship which is
site work and office work in detail. Also I try to describe over all challenge during the internship
program.
Thirdly, I try to list the overall benefit which is theoretical, practical knowledge and other
necessary benefits that I acquire from internship.
Finally, the last chapter describes the bird eye view that I depict my recommendation and
conclusion on my stay in the hosting company, Reference and Appendix.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Table of Contents
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................... ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. iii
LIST OF CHARTS ............................................................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... viii
ACRONYM .................................................................................................................................................. viii
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1
INTODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 History of the company....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Company Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Main products and services ................................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Main customers or end users ............................................................................................................. 3
1.5 Address of the Company ..................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 5
OVER ALL EXPERIENCE OF INTERNSHIP ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1 How I get into the company ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Staff Functioned As a Unit, Related To Each Other ............................................................................ 5
2.2.1 Staff -Intern Relationship ............................................................................................................. 5
2.2.2 Staff - General Public.................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Intern - General Public Relationship ............................................................................................ 6
2.3 Perception of Staff and Client Relationship ........................................................................................ 6
2.3.1 Client by Staff ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Staff by Client ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Work flow in the Site .......................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1
Office Work ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Site Work .................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Tasks I have been supervising ........................................................................................................... 14
2.4.1 Form work .................................................................................................................................. 14
2.4.2 Reinforcement bar ..................................................................................................................... 17
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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2.5 Equipment’s used in construction site works ................................................................................... 33
2.6 Challenges and Measures ..................................................................................................................... 35
2.7 View on how Academic Background was of value during Internship ............................................... 36
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 38
OVERALL BENEFITS I GAINED FROM THE INTERSHIP .................................................................................. 38
3.1 In terms of improving my practical skills .......................................................................................... 39
3.2 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge............................................................................. 39
3.3 In terms of improving my interpersonal communication skills ........................................................ 39
3.4 In terms of improving my team playing skills ................................................................................... 40
3.5 In terms of improving my leadership skills ....................................................................................... 41
3.6 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues ............................................................. 41
3.7 In terms of entrepreneurship skills ................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................................... 43
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................... 43
4.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................. 44
REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................................. 45
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................... 46
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 1: Organizational structure .................................................................................................................. 3
Chart 2: work flow of our site ........................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Formwork .................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2: Bar bending area .......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 3: Reinforcement installation of beam and beam after casted ......................................................... 20
Figure 4: Column ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 5: Slab .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 11: Spacer ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 14: Aggregate .................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 15: Storage of water......................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 16: Batching box.............................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 17: curing ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 18: plastering ................................................................................................................................ .344
Figure 19: mixer........................................................................................................................................ 345
Figure 20: crane .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 21: vibrator ...................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 22: grading ....................................................................................................................................... 35
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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LIST OF TABLES
ACRONYM
PLC: Power limited company
CET: College of engineering and technology
HN: Home number
EC: Ethiopian calendar
GC: Gregorian calendar
GTP: Growth and Transformation plan
PDCA: Plan – Do – Check – Act
OPC: Ordinary Portland cement
NGO: Nongovernmental organization
ERA: Ethiopian road authority
mm: Millimeter
cm: centimeter
MP: Mega Pascal
Qty: Quantity
i.e:
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
That
means
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CHAPTER ONE
INTODUCTION
1.1 History of the company
General Manager, At Gutema Firisa, who has a great vision and rich experiences in the business
sector. The company is equipped with modern construction machineries, notable qualification,
and experienced professionals that will be required for the successful undertaking of construction
works.Gutema Firisa construction has involved in different construction projects of government
& privates in various parts of Ethiopia. It accomplishes its duty on time with great satisfaction to
its customers. The company’s top management strategically decided to adopt ISO 9001:2015
quality management systems that can help to improve its overall performance and provides a
sound basis for sustainable development initiatives. The standard employs the process approach,
which incorporates the Plan – Do – Check – Act (PDCA) cycle and risk based thinking. The
standard requires a strategic plan that will be carried out by assigned team through internal
current state assessment, external environment assessment and interested Gutema Firisa
Construction is an esteemed private multi-disciplinary construction firm that licensed in
accordance with Ethiopian commercial Law in 2000, E.C in Oromia Regional State, Special
Zone surrounding Finfinne, Burayu town, Gefersa kebele, H.N 1221 to carry out the general
construction works and provide services in a wide range of engineering projects. During the last
ten years the company grew steadily and continuously and became competitive Class 1 Building
Contractor with favorable prospects for a role of excellence in the construction industry. In these
years of its growth, the firm has always believed that capacity depends more on organizational
structure, working system and human resources developments than on equipment and finance.
Furthermore, it is striving to optimize its capacity to contribute to the second five years Growth
and Transformation Plan (GTP) of the country. Gutema Firisa Construction is a well-structured
and well organized company with effective management team headed by theparties
requirements.Thus, the top management of Gutema Firisa construction has formed a team that
conducts these assessments to identify the gaps in the operation of its company. The
recommendations drawn from these gaps are the basis for the development of this five years
strategic plan (2019 – 2023) which encompasses mission, vision, core values, strategic goals,
objective, measure, targets and enablers.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Gutema Firisa construction has involved in different construction projects of government &
privates in various parts of Ethiopia.
Vision
“To be a leader, reputable and competitive Construction Company of first choice in Ethiopia by
2020 E.C.”
Mission
Gutema Firisa Construction exists to provide holistically minded, inspired, technology driven
and environmentally friendly quality construction services meeting and/or exceeding customers’
& regulators’ requirements with reasonable profits
Core Value
We deliver more than just a project

Social Responsibility

Teamwork

Integrity

Customer Value Creation

Innovation

Empowerment Quality First

Professionalism And Excellence

Safety
 ISO 9001:2015 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFIED
1.2 Company Objectives
Gutema Firisa Construction set Quality objectives to provide a focus to direct the construction:
1. Perform, manage and improve company’s processes to meet customers and interested
parties’ requirements based on Plan – Do – Check –Act (PDCA) cycle;
2. Develop the competency and wellbeing of company’s employees through training and
incentive packages;
3. Maximize productivity and profitability of the company through risk- based thinking;
4. Bring excellence in company’s service delivery by consistently complying with
customers and regulatory requirements
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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5. Develop mutually beneficial partnership with external providers to increase levels of
customer and interested parties’ satisfactio
C HART 1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
1.3 Main products and services
Some of the major activities or services in which the company has engaged are the following: Building construction
 Road and highway construction
1.4 Main customers or end users
The main customers or end users of its product or services of Gutema Firisa Construction plc
are: Private sectors
 NGO’s and
 Government
Ongoing projects
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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 Ifa Boru Nekemte School Project
 Wollega University Referral Apartment project
 Nekemte Integrated
 Ethiopian Bio Diversity
 Assosa University Administration Block
 Adama Justice
 40/60 House Project
 Federal TVET
 Corsoo Road and etc.
Completed Projects
 Dambidolloo University
 Bishoftu City Administration
 Assosa Federal Camp
 Metu University Classroom
 Bole Arabsa Teachers Living Apartment
1.5 Address of the Company
 Head Office Location: Addis Ababa, Gerji Mebrat Hail
 Tel: +251 11 893 2789
 Mobile: +251 91 121 3975
 Fax: +251 11 645 9396
 Website: www.gutemafirisa.com
 P.O.BOX: 46373 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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CHAPTER TWO
OVER ALL EXPERIENCE OF INTERNSHIP
2.1 How I get into the company
The Wollega University College of Engineering and Technology (CET) Office has given a great
attention to this program by helping students starting from searching companies that are willing
to be part of this program, beside to the student to have a practical knowledge about what they
learn and how real world look like beside the theory. I have visited a number of construction
companies just to make sure. I completely realize what I have tried to get myself into. In addition
to this, I were looking for a place where I would be able to contribute considerable inputs that
would be taken seriously. And after that I decide to go to ERA and they accept my question and
give me tulu bollo road construction site to get practice over there, but suddenly COVID-19 virus
attack our country and the government decide to stop learning and teaching process and our
university sent us home to get survived from this pandemic disease, As a will of God we all
survived and our university call us almost after 10 months, but I lose my interest to go far apart
from my family because of the recent condition in our country.After realize all the above factors,
Lastly I decided to go Gutema Firisa construction PLC site which allowed in Nekemte city to
construct integrated bus terminal, which helps me to grasp a great deal of theoretical and
practical knowledge at different aspects. I get in to the company by giving a letter, which was
given to me by the CET office, to the company’s office, soon the Project Manager positively
accepted our request to work as an intern student on the company.
2.2 Staff Functioned As a Unit, Related To Each Other
2.2.1 Staff -Intern Relationship
The staff is related to intern by supervise us by attendance and by giving us a question. All
workers in our site are open for our question and they all try to answer any questions asked by
me and my friends as much as they can. Truly I can say they are positive thinkers and humblers.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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We are also related to the staff by sign on the attendance at the morning and answer to the
question to our supervisor. At the particular site for which we are specifically assigned our
engineer give us some responsible to check reinforcement and formwork.
2.2.2 Staff - General Public
The general public is related to the staff by taking the job opportunity and by involving on the
construction from the engineer up to the daily labor they can involve if they are fulfill all the
criteria.
And also the staff is related to the general public by taking the development of business for those
business man’s available around the site and also those working on sealing of construction
materials.
2.2.3 Intern - General Public Relationship
For us the general public means the people which involve on the construction which include
from the staff up to the daily labor that means the site engineer, Forman, group leader and the
daily labor they are general public for us so we are related to them by taking their work
experience knowledge to our self so we are much interconnected to them more strongly they are
a school for us.
The general public also related to the intern by showing their work experience knowledge by
tacking them self’s as a teacher. They are communicating with us by pest approach and smiley
face, that’s why we can learn from them in good manner.
2.3 Perception of Staff and Client Relationship
2.3.1 Client by Staff
Staff is encounter with client on the payment of the money. When one task is done the staff will
ask the client to pay the money for that finished task. If the client is not paying the money they
will warn the client by application and now in my site staff was asking for payment because of
they need next payment to continue the construction according to the agreement. The other thing
is that the client cannot change the construction material like sand and cannot choose.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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2.3.2 Staff by Client
The client encounters the staff by their quality of work and by their construction time. If the
client pays the appropriate money on time the construction time must be finished according to
planned and schedule time.
Project Background
Generally our site covers around 2.1 Hectare. It located in Oromia, Nekemte in front of Olana
Bati hotel. The design of the building contains a lot of Offices and the basements are for car
parking. This project costs 205,025,617.30 birr with variance
Project Name
Nekemte integrated bus terminal project
Type
Bus Terminal multipurpose building
Location
Oromia, Nekemte
Client
Oromia Transport Authority
Contractor
Gutema Firisa Construction Plc
Consultant
ASPIRE
Contract type
Unit price contract
Delivery system
DBB (Design bid build)
Contract assign
March 29, 2019
Commencement date
June 18, 2019
Contract period
540 Calendar day
Project completion
December 19, 2020
Time extension
111 Calendar day
Revised completion date is March 30, 2021 in case of design change because of structural and
design layout was not geographically comfortable for this site and contractor asked a client for
design change after that, client accept the question and decide to change the consultant from
ASTU to ASPIRE.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Project Manager
Finance dept
Engineering dept
Accountant
Construction Enge
Administration dept
Store keeper
Gaurd
Cashier
Office enge
Data collectors
Site engineer
General foreman
Foreman
Gang chief
Daily labor
2.2 Work flow in the Site
Major Activities and Responsibilities
Every employee in the company has its own duties and responsibility for a project to reach its
intended purpose.
 Project manager
 The project manager has so many responsibilities at the site and are appointed by the owner of
the construction company.
 Plan, organize, Provide Guidance and coordinate the formulation of overall organizational
policies, strategies and guidelines as well as short, medium and long term objectives.
 Among the duties of a project manager are the following:
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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 Allocation of workforce to projects and organization of units for project
operation
 Coordination of the work of all units and divisions
 Insure timely submittal of pay requests to owner
 Maintenance of files of labor agreements
 Manages the whole site work execution
 Analyses the work processes
 Coordination of contact with clients
 Allocation of workforce to projects and organization of units for project
operation
 Reviews and checks the reports made by the site/office engineer
After construction starts, the project manager should continually compare field performance with
the established schedule. When the schedule is not being met, the corrective actions taken and re
scheduling phases are known as project time management.
 Construction engineer
A construction engineers that works together with the site engineers and office engineers to
supervise the construction work. The construction engineers give solutions to practical problems
that might occur during the process of the work.
The construction engineer has the Forman under him. In addition he advises the Forman on the
course of action. The construction engineer also makes sure that the work is done according to
the design. During the course of construction, Forman and construction engineer will make
decisions about work to be undertaken at particular times of the day based up on the availability
of the necessary resource of laborers, materials and equipment.
 Site engineer
Control all the construction activities on the site starting from the very beginning. In
construction sites, depending on the schedule given by the project manager.
•
Among the duties of a Site engineer are the following:
 Control all tasks executed in the site
 Check the excavation and earthworks according to specification and
drawings,
 Check the construction of all structural element
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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 Make all necessary reports to the project manager, including all activities
on the site and materials used on the construction of his site.
 Strictly follows the given times schedule in order to avoid any
delaying on the project completion time.
 Office engineer
Office engineer is responsible for office engineering works.
Some duties of office engineer is:

Prepares daily laborers output report

Organizes the daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly reports to be sent to
head office

Schedules weekly or monthly work implementation

Prepare payment certificate

Documentation of office files

Quantifies any materials on request etc.
 Administration Head
The administration service is responsible to the general manager and assumes the following duties and
responsibilities: Plan, organize, direct, coordinate and supervise personnel administration, Human resources
development.
 Give legality for all workers in the site
 General Service of the company
 Ensure that recruitment, promotion, transfer, termination, disciplinary matters are executed in
accordance with regulations and directions of the company and the laborer law of the country.
 Ensure the availability and smooth functions of photocopying, mail pickup, water, and electricity
and telephone services of the company
 Coordinate the activities of the organizations security force following established security
procedures.
 Prepares periodic report to the general manager.
 Finance Head
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Finance Service is responsible to general manager and assumes the following duties and
responsibilities:o Plan, organize, direct, coordinate and supervise financial and budgetary activities
of the company.
o Ensures that financial systems and documents are in compliance with laws,
policies, standards and regulation of the country and with generally accepted
accounting principles and practices.
o Maintains proper books of accounts and produce periodic financial reports.
o Ensures the timely collection of income and receivable and settlement of all
obligations (taxes, payables, etc.).
o Make periodic disbursements according to approved budget.
 General Forman: The main aims of the Forman are manages and supervise manual
works. In this particular site there are different foramens having their own skills. Each
foreman have responsibility to do any work according to the site engineer order. Their
work always checked by the site engineer.
Some duties of general Forman is:

Assigns and controls the gang leaders and carpenter

Forman checks the whole work process

Quantifies some materials and makes request

Reports any challenges of work procedures and their execution etc.
 Store keeper: -is person who controls the amount and type of materials entering and
leaving the store. Controls, manages and registers all materials which are going out /in to
the store
 Casher: -is person who makes any concerned cash on the site

Cash out the money

Report cash on hand
 Data collector: -is person who collects any data of work,

Daily reports the daily activities to the site/ office engineer

Prepares monthly summary report etc.
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 Gang chief: -is person who controls the distribution of labor forces throughout by
taking orders from the Forman’s. He controls the number of laborers at each work place,
transfer labor workers from one site to other, and check whether laborers are performing
their job properly. Controls a group of daily laborers in a specific activity.

Assigns the laborers to activities when essential

Reports any difficulties to Forman etc.
 Daily laborers: - is person who works as assigned on a specific activity.
 Guards: -is person who keeps the site safe and follow the activity of the site if there is
odd reaction.
2.3 Sections of company that I have been works
The company that I was practicing in is experienced and large. It participates in building
construction in different region and area. Practicing in building construction was my choice
because I want to know every activity done in building construction activity.
During my 120 days internship program, I had been working in different section of the company
and in this company I have seen each work flow. I have been working site work. My activity on
site work is checking different structural parts of the building by reading structural design. In
general, as an intern student I engaged in different activities to improve my practical skills,
upgrade my theoretical knowledge, improve my interpersonal communication and team playing
skills and etc. The tasks I observed and tasks I did will be described in brief in next topics.
2.3.1 Office Work
A. Preparation of Takeoff
Performing take off calculation is very important for different purposes, Such as:
 To prepare bill of quantity
 To know the amount of works to be done
 To prepare payment
 To know all over cost off the project
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Generally it is important to prepare contract agreement. So, I have been worked on different type of
takeoff for this integrated thermal bus station, specifically for stair case, formwork, reinforcement,
concrete works and chiseled part of the building at different time.
T ABLE 1:- FORMAT OF TAKEOFF SHEET
T ABLE 2: FORMAT OF REINFORCEMENT TAKE OFF SHEET
2.3.2 Site Work
The site work was the very important task for me because the internship main objective lies over
here and I have gain many knowledge from the site like communication skill, handling workers,
management skill etc. within four month I have the ability to see many works from the project.
The task I have been executing at site is supervising of works
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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2.4 Tasks I have been supervising
2.4.1 Form work
Formwork is a structure which construct prior to carry fresh concrete, Reinforced bar and casting
purpose. It used to support both self-weight of concrete, reinforcement and live load during
construction. It also consists of wooden and steel members to support the load. The plane
horizontal surface called panel is used to give the required shape of concrete. Vertical posts
constructed are used to transfer the load from panel to the next load slab.
A good formwork needs to be safe, economical, and should have quality and the joints must be
tight in order to avoid leakage of cement paste which results change of shape in the finished
structure which in turn reduce the compressive strength.
In my stay I have seen two types of formwork, timber and steel. The steel is used for column
formwork and the timber one is for other structural members.
In construction of formwork attention must be paid for the rigidity of the plywood so that it will
not bend or deflect during concrete casting so as to have the right shape and size of the structural
member. The carpenter insures this by providing additional stiffness using timber at a regular
spacing what they call “kerebat” in case of column formwork and “marshal” in case of beam
formwork. For slab formwork the deflection can be controlled by using properly spaced rigid
scaffolding or props. The scaffolding can be timber or steel. Usually it was timber scaffolding
that I observed.
Functions of form work can be generalized as follows:
o To support the reinforced concrete structure till gives its strength.
o To give the shape required for the concrete, for this purpose there are rectangular and
circular panels for casting concrete.
o To avoid loss of concrete while casting
Methodology
 For Beam and Slab

Constructing the scaffolding (props)
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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
Construct the beam formwork.

Once the carpenters construct the beam formwork at the right elevation guided by
the surveyor they start to construct the slab formwork.

The slab formwork (plywood) is placed on “I beams” which is placed on properly
spaced scaffolding.

The “I beam” make the plywood to have good resistance against deflection. The
spacing of scaffolding and “marshal” is decided by the carpenter from experience

After the construction of formwork is done, installation of rebar will start. But
before that both the site engineer and the supervisor checks the quality and safety
of the formwork by checking the proper alignment and spacing of scaffolding that
carries the plywood (in case of suspended slab and beam formwork).
 For Column

First the carpenter prepare “Abaykracher” after the slab concrete work is done.

Next to that they arrange “kraycher” by using “tumbi.” To gate a proper concrete
cover space b/n reinforcement and formwork

After that they stand the steel panel formwork if the column was circular and
prepare timber formwork on four sides of the reinforcement and the formworks
was joined together if the column was rectangular/square.

After that by using “kerebat” they gave more strength to the formwork for
rectangular/square/shear wall column and if the column was circular additional to
“kerebat” they tie the panel by black wire to give more strength.

Then finally the carpenter use two materials which called “Stanga” and “Tumbi”
to gate a proper alignment of column formwork.
Removal of formwork
Formwork will be carefully removed without shock or disturbance to concrete. No formwork
will be removed until the concrete has gained sufficient strength to with stand safety any stress to
which it may thereby be subjected.
TABLE 3: FORMWORK REMOVING PERIOD
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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PERIOD OF REMOVAL
SECTION
24 - 48 hours
Vertical formwork to columns, walls and beams
21 days
Soffit formwork to slab & beams
Supervision
1. Before installation
2. During installation
3. After installation
1. Before installation

Check that all needed formwork instruments are available at site

Check that the bottom floor gained it’s enough strength to carry the upper part of the
building by enough capacity.

Check that the instruments allowed have the enough strength to carry loads applied on it.
2. During installation

Controlling the extravagancy that can be occur during this work ( proper use of material
and labor)

Check the way and how it was executing
3. After installation

Proper spacing of woods

Checking that it has a good shape and strength for installation of reinforcement and
casting of concrete
F IGURE 1: F ORMWORK
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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2.4.2 Reinforcement bar
Reinforcement bars are produced from factories with 12 m length. This 12 m length bar is also
cut into different pieces of required length. The length of bar for each structures is calculated and
the bars cutter will cut and bend as it needed.
If required length of the bar is greater than the available bar length (12 m) then bars will be
lapped them each other. The length of lapping is a 4 times diameter of bars to be lapped. Lapping
in column and beam is mandatory. In beams positive bars will lap each other at the support or
near to the support. But negative bars will lap at the middle span of the beam. In columns lapping
will be at each floor level and in all cases the lap length is equal to four times the diameter of the
bar (4D).
In beams and slabs negative bars are curtailed at one third distance from the support. Positive
bars for slabs will be cuts at supports. But in columns the bars will not be curtailed in its entire
length or height and also in all columns bars will have length equal to column height plus
lapping length.
Important works in the reinforcements are bar cutting and bar bending. Cutting of bars will be by
bar cutter also stirrups and bars in stairs will bended by bar benders.
Before the concrete is casted, the rebar of each structural elements are checked by their size,
spacing proper placing of bar chair (Kebelato) and spacer, frameworks dimension, proper placing
of negative bars.

Stirrup (staffa )
Stirrups are used to resist shear stress and for the purpose of tying main bars, and we call it Tie
bar for column. It will be curtailed for length equal to perimeter of main reinforcements and
extra 50mm both ends (hook). And we use diameters of 8 and 10 bars for stirrups.

Binding wire (black wire)
Binding wire is used for binding reinforcement construction.
The general benefits of binding wires in construction are:
 Annealing allows the wires to stay soft for ease of application
 The tensile strength of the wires helps in binding the knots without any breakage
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 They help in pouring the concrete into the frames without dislocation of the rebar
 To secure secondary frame designs like chairs, spacer bars in construction
 Holding lapped bars in ideal position
FIGURE 2: BAR BENDING AREA
Once the bar benders finish their work, the site engineer and the supervisor will check the
number, spacing, lapping position and size if it is as per the design before concrete work starts.
 Beam
A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting
bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external
loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.
Also we have to use the negative bar in beam at support (up to span/3 distance from the support)
because of that beam changes its direction of bending moment. In case of negative bending
moments, tension is at the top of the beam, so we have to provide tension in the top of the beam
called as negative reinforcement and in the case of positive bending moment we provide it at the
bottom.
In my site there are different size of beams according to design (40cm*80cm, 30cm*60cm, 30cm
*50cm …)
Methodology
o Prepare the reinforcement as per the design (length, type, diameter, and cut, bent...)
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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o Prepare the formwork and assemble them around the beam with the required clear cover
by providing spacer of the right thickness
o Place the prepared reinforcement on their position as per the design
o Then it is ready to be casted after you check the alignment and it is ok
Supervision
1. Before casting
2. During casting
3. After casting
1. Before casting
o We have to check the availability of enough materials both for the beam and slab
because beam is casted with the slab monolithically (for intermediate beam)
o We check the ∅ (Diameter) of the rebar’s for the beam and the slab as per the
design and the drawing detail.
o Check provision of spacer (type, shape, dimension, spacing and method of fixing
it to maintain the required concrete cover)
o Cleanliness, smoothness and treatment with release agent for the surface of
formwork
o Electrical detail
o Sanitary detail
2. During casting
o The appropriate use of vibrator
o Check the mix ratio (1:2:3) and the mix itself
o Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, etc.)
3. After casting
o The beams with the slab should be watered for 7 days
o The side form work shouldn’t remove before 16 hrs. (in our site it will removed in
24hr – 48hr)
o The bottom form work shouldn’t be removed before 28 days for both the slab and
beam.
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o We have to make rough plastering for watering i.e. it absorbs waster easily.
o It should be roughly scratched by nails in its fresh time to avoid more time in
chiseling & especially for plastering.
o It should be level
o It should be align and straight
F IGURE 3: REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION OF BEAM AND BEAM AFTER CASTED
 Column
Column is vertical structure that is used to transmit load from super structure to sub structure.
It is a concrete structural element that needs necessary inspection for quality of the concrete and
the way it is being executed
There are 4 types of column that I saw in this building, those are:
 Circular column: They are specially designed columns, which are mostly used in piling
and elevation of the buildings. In elevation, this type of column is utilized to get rid of
edges. They are also suitable for sit out areas, auditoriums or other public buildings. Also
in our site they use circular column because of it will give a good aesthetic for a curved
part of the buildings and it was public building. The minimum number of bar for the
circular column is 6 bars and in our site the diameter for that is 16mm – 20mm according
to design.
 Square and Rectangular Column: They are generally used in the construction of
buildings. It is much easier to construct and cast rectangular or square columns than
circular ones because of ease of shuttering and to support it from collapsing due to
pressure while the concrete is still in flow able form. These types of column are arranged
when the shape of the room comes with a square or rectangular shape. The minimum
number of bar in this type of column is equal to its number of corner.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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 Shear wall column: it is a type of column which has rectangular shape but it was
constructed for additional purpose in this building and that purpose is to resist vibration
affected to the building due to elevator machine. That’s why this shear column
constructed all around elevator.
Methodology
o Column layout work which means deciding the location of the column by laying rope as
per the grids are shown in the drawing and afterward the location of columns are marked.
o Column Reinforcement work is done according to the structural drawing including lap
length of column steel of different diameter.
o Tying the spacer to the reinforcement to keep re-bar inside the concrete and making to
have enough concrete cover for the re-bar.
o Checking the straight alignment of the column. (in our site they were using tumbi for
checking the vertical alignment)
o Working a form work for the column. (In our site for circular column they were using
panel which have oil inside to make easy to remove the panel from the column after the
column get enough strength and for rectangular, square and shear wall column they were
use wood formwork.)
o Pouring the concrete
Supervision
1. Before casting
2. During casting
3. After casting
1. Before casting
o Stirrup spacing should be checked it depends on the design (but in our case it is
span/3 which means at 1/3 of the span next to both support they were using 10 cm
and at the middle they were using 20cm space between the stirrups) on my site.
o Reinforcement diameter and overlap length (4 times diameter of the
reinforcement) should be checked
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o The quality of formwork (cleanliness, smoothens and treatment with release agent
for the surface of formwork)
o Provision of spacer with the required dimension
o Provision of opening for maintaining pouring height of concrete without
segregation
o The vertical and the horizontal alignment of the columns should be checked by
any method approved by the engineer (here in our case with rope and tumbi)
o Column height should be checked
o Column spacing should be checked
2. During casting
o The appropriate use of vibrator
o One column should be casted monolithically i.e. at the same time.
o We have to check the dropping height of the concert mix to avoid segregation.
3. After casting
o Check the time frame for the removal of formwork
o Proper curing (7days)
o It should be roughly scratched by nails in its fresh time to avoid more time in
chiseling & especially for plastering.
F IGURE 4: COLUMN
 Slabs
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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Slab is a plane horizontal structural element used to support live loads and equipment loads and
transfer these loads to the supporting beams or walls. Slabs can be one way or two way
depending on the ratio of the long span to the short span if the ratio of the long span to the short
span is greater than two, the slab is said to be one way; but if this ratio is less than two, the slab
is said to be two way. When a slab is one way, the bending is one directional and when it is two
way, the bending is two directional. I saw both one way and two way slab in our site.
Solid slab
Solid slab is a type of slab which has beam and most of the time the beam has higher thickness
than the slab. Main bars are placed in one direction for one way slab and in two directions for
two way slabs. The main bars running in the short span direction are always placed at the bottom
of the longer bars.
o The minimum diameter of bar for solid slab is 8mm and maximum 12mm diameter is
used for two way slab in our site.
o For one way slabs (cantilevers) φ14 and φ12 bars are usually used ( in our site they were
using φ10 and φ12 depending on the length of the cantilever)
o No overlaps are done at spans for bottom bars. Lapping is done at the supports (beams)
This solid slab has both advantage and disadvantage. Those are:Advantage:1. It is sound insulator
2. Have higher strength than other type of slab
Disadvantage:1. It is not easy for electrical and sanitary installation
2. It is caustic
3. It is also heavy
Methodology
o Prepare the reinforcement as per the design (length, type, diameter, and cut, bent...)
o Prepare the formwork and assemble them around the slab with the required clear cover by
providing spacer of the right thickness
o Place the prepared reinforcement on their position as per the design
o Then it is ready to be casted after you check the alignment and it is ok
Supervision
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1. Before casting
2. During casting
3. After casting
1. Before casting
o We have to check the availability of enough materials and machines for the
concrete work
o Pure water and a good quality sand
o A good quality & well graded aggregate
o We have to check the support condition
o The use of a good quality plates for the solid slab
o For beams the side form work should be placed by allowing same concrete cover
for the rebar’s of the slab.
o We have to check reinforcement bars details as pre the design for the slab
o The rebar’s should be Clean from concrete (dirt)
o We have to check the electrical details as per the design
o We have to check the sanitary details as per the design
o After the above things full filled we will allow the slab to be casted.
2. During casting
o We have to check the mix ration (1:2:3) and the boxes that is used for aggregate
and sand in should be in the size of (18x40x50) cm.
o We have to check if they are casting the slab in the shorter direction of the slab or
not.
o We have to check the use of vibrator.
o We have to check the levelness by using level to keep the horizontality of the
slab.
o We have to check the stopping length of the slab if we can’t finish in once. It
should be at 1/3 or 2/3 of the slab span (panel)
3. After casting
o We have to check the curing of the slab (watering 2 time a day for 7 days)
o We have to check the side form works not to be removed to be for 16 hrs.
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o We have to check the support (bottom) of beam before 28 days and slab before
21days not to be removed.
F IGURE 5: S LAB
Bar Chair (Kabaleto): - It is the Reinforcement which have like shape of “Z” letter and used to
make enough space between slab mesh.
Crank length: it is the absence of negative bar at 1/3 of the slab and it was at the center of the
slab. The reason for crank length occurred is because of that the load is becoming a little/zero at
the center of slab, there is only positive bar at the place of crank length to resist a positive
moment.
 Spacer
Spacer is a small thickness of concrete which is used to separate or make gap between the
reinforcement bar and the form works in ordered to have a concrete cover for the reinforcement
bar of:
o Shear wall
o Column
o Beam
o Slab
o Stair and etc.
In our site we use thickness of spacers 2.5cm.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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F IGURE 6: SPACER
2.4.3 CONCRETE WORK
The term ‘concrete’ is used for a combination of an aggregate and a paste composed of Portland
cement, water and sometimes admixtures. The aggregate generally used are sand and gravel or
crushed stone. These aggregates have no cementing value of their own; there function in
concrete is to serve as filler. The cement-water paste changes from a semi fluid substance in to a
solid binder as a result of chemical reaction (hydration) between the water and various
compounds in the Cement. The final quality of the concrete depends up on the effectiveness of
the hardened paste in binding the aggregate particles together and infilling the voids between the
particles.
 Materials of concrete work
The first step in concrete work is checking the materials used for concrete work
1. Aggregate
It is the most important constituent of concrete. They give the body of the concrete, reduce
shrinkage and effective economy.
On the basis of their size aggregate can be classified as:i.
Coarse aggregate (retain on 4.75mm sieve size)
ii.
Fine aggregate (pass a 4.75mm sieve size)
In the process of mixing, aggregate occupy 65 to 75% of the volume of concrete; there impact on
various mixes and properties of concrete is considerable. Therefore choosing attention should be
given to general requirements:
Economy of the mixture

Potential strength of hardened mass

Probable durability of the concrete structure
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
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Workability when fresh and also before mixing we have to check that
Storage
It has to be stored in well drained and in a place which prevent any possible intermixing
F IGURE 7: AGGREGATE
2.
Sand
Fine aggregate bund together with the other ingredients of concrete we obtain a hard concrete.
Thus this sand should be checked for the impurities, which mix together with it. These impurities
are: -Silt, Clay, Chemical impurities, Friable element (in the sand like piece of leaf, piece of
wood) etc. To check the suitability of the sand for the concrete mix at the construction site the
following field is conducted. Simple observation by naked eye differentiates the sand it is good
or not. Holding the sand by the hand and press it, if it will be break down it is good, OK!
Otherwise takes its shape after pressing it is not good. Sand type: -Course sand is used for
concrete production and finer sand is used for finishing work: like mortar plastering.
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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F IGURE; 15 SAND
3. Cement
It is also the constituent of the concrete that is capable of producing a plastic pastry mass when
mixed with water and hardness under the effect of different physical and chemical process.
There are many type of cement and from those they use only Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
for this building construction.
Storage
The cement should be stored:o Separately from other items
o Free from dampness, due to weather or ground condition.
4. Water
It is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in chemical reaction with
cement. It helps to form the strength giving cement paste and quality of water is required to be
looked very carefully.
In general water to be used in concrete should be free from the following substances with some
amount.

Sugar

Carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium and potassium
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
Chloride and sulphides

Salts of manganese, tin, zinc, copper and lead

Silt and suspended particles
2022 G.C
The important functions of water in concrete mix are:
It reacts chemically with cement

It lubricates all other materials and makes the concrete workable
As general water in the site should be clean and protected from contamination, stored and
distributed above the site in containers, vessels and through pipe works which shall not
contaminate it.
F IGURE;16: S TORAGE OF WATER
Methodology
o Water is poured to the mix drum to wash away all unnecessary materials in it.
o Coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement added respectively according to specific
grade of concrete. (in our site they were using C-25 with 1:2:3 ratio)
o Sufficient water added that will result in a workable mix.
o The mixing process is stopped when the cement is thoroughly distributed throughout the
mass, approximately 2 minutes after the whole of water has been added.
The concrete will not be discharged from the mixer unless it is properly mixed, having a uniform
consistency.
 Properties of concrete
The property of concrete varies depending on the:
Quality of the consistency
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
Quality of the concrete mix

Quality of the workman ship and curing
2022 G.C
Concrete has two types of property i.e. at its fresh and at harden condition.
Comparison between fresh and hardened concrete
TABLE 4: C OMPARISON B /N FRESH &HARDENED CONCRETE
Properties of fresh concrete
Properties of hardened concrete
 Can be molded in to any shape.
 Cannot be molded in to any shape
 Workability (ease with which concrete
 Strength (it has high compression
is placed and consolidated).
 Uniformity (the concrete is mixed
strength)
 Durability
thoroughly i.e. all ingredients are
 Shrinkage (reduction in volume).
evenly distributed in the mix).
 Creep(a continuous deformation of a
 Consistency(degree of fluidity of the
member under a sustained load)
mixed concrete)
 Concrete mixing
It is essential to produce approximate mix design using the proposed proportion or trial mixes
and tests to achieve the required strength. Through mixing of material is essential for the
production of uniform concrete.
There are two methods adopted for mixing concrete
1. Hand mixing
2. Machine mixing
In our site they use machine mixing (mixer) and they proportioned the ingredients of the
concrete by using a gauge box having a dimension of 40cm*50cm and the depth varies
depending on grade of concrete but in our site the depth is 18cm because we only use C-25 grade
concrete and the mix ratio for C-25 grade concrete is 1:2:3(cement, sand, aggregate).
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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FIGURE 17: BATCHING BOX
 Grade of concrete
Grade of concrete tell us how our concrete is strong that means it tell us the compressive strength
of the concrete. We were using C-25 grade of concrete in our site, when we say C-25 concrete it
means that a concrete having a 25 mega Pascal compressive strength we can make various types
of concrete having different compressive strength by changing the proportion of cement, sand
and aggregate. The box size we have to use is 40cmx50cmx18cm-when C-25 is required.
 Transporting and placing of concrete
Transporting: concrete shall be handled from the place of mixing to the final deposit as rapidly
as practicable method, which will prevent segregation or lose of ingredients. But in our site there
is no need of transportation because they mix all concrete at the site.
Placing: in our site concrete is placed immediately, most of the time by using pump machine and
crane at different time. Also sometimes they use labor to place the concrete when there is a
problem over the pump in the absence of crane. Concrete should be placed as soon as possible; in
no case more than 30min after mixing period.
 Compaction of concrete (Vibration)
Concrete must be dense enough to be strong. Compaction is the way to increase the density of
concrete to decreasing the air voids in the mix using vibrator. Voids make the concrete weak.
Once the concrete has been placed, it is ready to be compacted.
It is important to compact the concrete fully because:

Air voids reduce the strength of the concrete

Air voids increase concrete's permeability that in turn reduces its durability.

If the concrete is not dense and impermeable, it will not be watertight. It
will be less able to withstand aggression and its exposed surfaces will weather
badly.
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
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Moisture and air are more likely to penetrate to the reinforcement causing it to
rust.
Summing up, fully compacted concrete is dense, strong and durable; badly compacted concrete
will be permeable, weak and rapidly deteriorate. In our site they use vibrator for compaction
which helps to avoid any segregation of concrete.
 Curing of concrete
The concrete surface always kept continuously wet is application of water. In our site at least 7
days at morning and at sunset to maintain constant temperature. The watering of concrete should
continuous until the concrete has achieved its strength.
•
The purpose of curing can be summarized as:
a. To prevent rise in temperature on account of the heat of hydration developed during
hardening of cement.
b. To prevent drying of the concrete this might result in contraction and cracks.
The commonly used methods of curing are in our site was spraying the concrete surface with
water.
FIGURE ;18: CURING
 Plastering works
Plastering is applied after chases for services (power supply internet have been cut, services
installed and chases made good. The surfaces to be plastered also have to be thoroughly washed
with clean water before plastering is commenced. For plastering of the slab, column and beam
three cots are applied. Those are:BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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I.
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First coat (primary coat) ‘berarigirf’;
 Mix proportion, 1:3 (cement: sand by volume)
 Spread by trowel and allowed to cure for 24 hours before applying second coat.
 Has minimum thickness of 5mm.
II.
Second coat ‘mulet’;
 Mix proportion, 1:3 (cement: sand by volume)
 Has maximum thickness of 12mm.
 Dried for 21days, before third coat applied.
III.
Third coat (fine coat) ‘feno’;
 Mix proportion, 1:2 (cement: sand by volume)
 Has maximum thickness of 3mm.
 Should be finished truly and level, fine sand used for smooth finish as final coat.
 Cement plastering is wetted for seven days after the application of the final coat.
Figure; 19:Plastering
2.5 Equipment’s used in construction site works
1. Mixer
Mixer is used to have uniform mix concrete. The mixer has a part on which the components have
to add. Then they adding to rotating drum and the rotating drum mix the concrete. The quality of
mix depends on the numbers of revolutions which the drum rotates to the mix concrete. For the
purpose of operating the mixer, there will be a mixer operator. The operator control operations of
the mixer, workability of concrete by controlling volume of water to check the workability of
concrete. Also they were using 2 types of mixer based on their size and they are 350L mixer and
750L mixer
BY; ABDISA SIRATA
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FIGURE :20; MIXER
2. Crane
The concrete mix produced from the mixer needs to be placed at its final place of casting. This
placing of concrete to its final position can be manually or using equipment. Crane is a type of
equipment used to transport concrete mix and other material from the mixer to the casting place
or final position. Crane is also used to lift concrete to higher elevation especially high rising
buildings but in our site they were use it not because of its rise they were use because of the
width of the building. This building was 114m wide.
F IGURE;21: CRANE
3. Vibrator
Vibrator is used to compact concrete mix and to avoid air voids in the concrete mix. The
presence of air voids in the concrete reduces the strength of concrete and when dry it will create
cracks. In this regard, vibrators are the essential equipment for every concrete casting.
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F IGURE:22 VIBRATOR
4. Grinder
It is one of power tools (machine) work by electrical power used for grinding, it used for cutting
bar easily with the needed dimension.
FIGURE ;23 GRINDER MACHINE
2.6 Challenges and Measures
a. Unfamiliar to site names of construction materials: - The main challenge that I have
faced during the internship time understands the site language and terminologies applied
by different work groups. As this being my first experience at site, I was in worry to
understand the site language and terminologies used by carpenters, bar-benders and daily
labors. I tried to resolve this by translating the terminologies to their English equivalent
and having a lesson about the points with the help of General Forman.
b. Absence of safety closes: - Safety clothes like safety shoes, helpmates and etc. there is no
enough safety clothes at the site not only for internship students even safety clothe
allowed for engineers is not enough, we only saw a small number of workers who wear
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safety clothes and most of the workers do their tasks without safety clothes. So the only
thing I can do for this problem is to take care of myself and my friends from some
injuries I can protect.
c. Lack of materials: - Truly there were no lack of materials after we join this construction
site that to become stop the construction work, but after we work continuously for the 3
months with enough material which was needed for construction work because of some
problem happened in our country lack of cement occurred all over the country and also
this site stop work until we are leaving the site which means we don’t supervise any of
site construction for the last 1 month. And the measure I take for this challenge was
coming to office and asking oral and written questions for engineers.
2.7 . View on how Academic Background was of value during Internship
 How the Required Coursework Was Beneficial During Internship
All theoretical courses we have taken in the last 7 semesters have their own value on this
internship program. But all courses don’t have equal value there are some courses which have
more value over this internship program, those are:1. In case of Contract specifications
What is included in a contract specification? Contract specification is detail to every task
performed like demolishing work, concrete work, reinforcement, block work, plastering etc.
How to prepare takeoff sheet for reinforcement, concrete, lean concrete and finishing works.
2. In case of construction management and work flow
Project scheduling: Construction scheduling consists of essentially arranging the several
operations involved in the construction of the project in the sequence required to accomplish
completion in the minimum period of time consistent with economy.
3. In case of building construction materials
 Different construction materials those use full during building a construction such as;
 Aggregate
 Cement
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 Admixtures
 Water etc.
 Different equipment’s use full during construction work such as;
 Mixer
 Vibrator
 Safety materials
 Spoon
 Plum boob
 Water level etc.
 Different types of formwork and their advantages. For example advantages of using steel
formwork over timber formwork.
 Steel formwork is stronger,
 stiffer,
 easier to assemble,
 environmental friendly, also can be used again and again unlike timber.
4. In case of RCC
o For resistance of shear force how we can arrange bar on different structural members.
o Type of slab and how we can choose those types.
o During structural work where shear force and momentum is available.
o Designing of structural members such as; slab, beam, column and etc.
o Why we use retaining wall, shear wall and how they differ from other walls.
 All the theoretical knowledge which we are learned on the academy was important for
our internship without the theoretical knowledge we cannot understand easily so there is
no unimportant academic course from those we take.
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CHAPTER THREE
OVERALL BENEFITS I GAINED FROM THE INTERSHIP
As a general the objective of internship is to:
To upgrade the practical knowledge and memorize the theoretical knowledge from what I have learnt
in the class for the last four years.
To see how construction work start at the proposed site.
Knowing what kinds of problem can be occurring in the work place.
To develop strong teamwork and communication skill to solve the problem occurred at work place.
To have an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.
To develop an innovative approaches and an entrepreneurial mind set to problem solving and etc.
Internship program is a method of letting the students to assume themselves as a potentially
responsible workman for a particular work by assigning them to actively participating in construction as
well as consulting companies. And such trends helps me to have valuable work experience.
In this internship that means within this four months I can observe what the outside construction world
looks like more than what I know when I am at university. When I am at the school I learned or take
many theoretical lessons even difficult to understand theoretically. So in this internship I get good
opportunity to solve these difficulties. Because those things which were theoretically difficult to
understand, were not hard to understand when we learned practically. The overall benefits of the
intern ship are not limited to the practical skill only. I would like to group the overall benefits in
terms of different categories such as:
 In terms of improving my practical skill
 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge
 In terms of improving my interpersonal communication skill
 In terms of improving my team playing skill
 In terms of improving my leadership skill
 In terms of understanding about work ethics related issues
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 In terms of entrepreneurship skill
3.1 In terms of improving my practical skills
In this context the practical skill that I gain by applying different type of construction method,
and I can improve my skill by relating the different construction methods with the theoretical
lessons that I learned at university. In this internship I have exposed myself to different practical
skill and ask to learn more.
Some of the practical skills that I gained or learned during the internship program are:General office works as:
Preparation of takeoff sheet

Reading Structural and Architectural Drawings
Supervision of different super structure items as:
Supervision of elevation column

Supervision of intermediate beams

Supervision of slab

Supervision of formwork

Supervision of Shear walls etc...
3.2 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge
Internship program gives me the opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge in real
world environments. In addition to the practical skill, almost all the courses I took were
focused on theoretical part. Generally speaking, my theoretical knowledge got strengthen more
by those practical techniques invested on the site. It assists me in moving toward my career
goals by combining what I had learned from university. Due to this program I got the chance to
apply my theoretical knowledge in the real construction world. And this builds my confidence in
theoretical knowledge. As I know almost all the courses I took were focused on theoretical part,
thanks to this internship program; I am now able to upgrade my theoretical knowledge by
practice. So I can say that my knowledge is upgraded by the practical things I have seen at the
site.
3.3 In terms of improving my interpersonal communication skills
Interpersonal communication is usually defined by communication scholars in numerous ways.
For any person communication is an important way of learning, which can be defined formally
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as the act of gaining knowledge or skills. Cool communication is important in the real
constructions world and it can appear in different forms as speaking and listening.
During my internship I have improved my communication skill by communicating starting from
daily labor to project manager. Construction is team work, team work is work performed by not
only by one person rather than cooperation with other. This success couldn’t be achieved without
developing good communication skill. Project that I have been involved has different people
with various back ground came together. They are varying in educational level, economic
situations, cultural backgrounds and etc. Since the aim of the project is to accomplish the work in
good way, we need to have good communicative skills.
3.4 In terms of improving my team playing skills
It is a skill of a person to work with other people co-operatively. This skill was developed easily
and rapidly. It begins when I was in campus when some assignments given for us we were done
in groups. This helps me to handle different characters of the persons I worked with on the site.
At times, when different individuals come together to work for common goals of the company
for increasing productivity, the most important point is just reaching an agreement from different
points on the work to be done.
The most important point in team playing skill is just reaching an agreement from different
points on the work to be done. Furthermore, to have a common understanding on the task that is
to be accomplished, I always try to listen carefully those individuals with whom I am working.
After listening others idea, I provide my idea which I think is very constructive for the task being
done.
Generally to increase team playing spiking skill the following qualities must demonstrated while
communicating.

Listens actively

Functions as an active participant

Cooperates and helps others

Shows commitment to the team

Works as a problem-solver

Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner
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3.5 In terms of improving my leadership skills
Leadership is a process of leading the careers of some company. In my internship I have done
some tasks which were related more of with leadership and management. I were responsible to
control and supervise some activity.
A leader is basic for the whole project to be speeded well. Leadership started from planning.
This helps to know the progress of the work to be done and the required goal to be achieved.
After having a good plan by organizing the team and creating best strategies we could achieve
our goal. By doing so and getting more leadership experiences from the site supervisor I could
improve my leading ability. Thus, a person who is in the position of leadership seeks toward
solution to problems and should be
enough to manage those individuals whom he/she is
leading. What I gain from the internship regarding improving leadership is:
Accountability and take responsibility for actions

Make a sound decisions

Know peoples and look out for their well-being

Develop a sense of responsibility in workers

Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished
Finally what I grasp is, becoming a leader isn’t easy because it takes strong commitment and
consistent effort to develop one’s leadership skills.
3.6 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues
Work ethics include not only how one feels about their job, career or vocation, but also how one
does his/her job or responsibilities. This involves attitude, behavior, respect, communication, and
interaction; how one gets along with others. Work ethics demonstrate many things about whom
and how a person is.
Ethical work of conduct enables me in order to possess appropriate behaviors in the work and so
I develop proper relationships with co-workers and it helps me to create good working
environment.
There are two common types of ethics. These are

Personal ethics and

Professional ethics
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Personal ethics
These principles of personal ethics are values which are expected to be possessed by all
individuals in their life, and contribute a lot for a smooth interaction among individuals and
peaceful coexistence of a society. What I gained in the company principles of personal ethics
include:

Concern for the well-being of others

Honesty

Fairness

Compliant to the law

Benevolence (doing good)

Refusing to take un-fair advantage
Professional ethics
Professional ethics refers to the standards or a set of moral principles for regulating behaviors of
a certain defined profession. In order to consider that an activity to be a profession, it
should be carried out by one who has advanced education, knowledge, and skills. Thus, for
developing healthy working environment and increase productivity, ethical work conducts are
important medium. The following are some of the common professional ethical principles
what I gained in the internship period.
Punctuality- means keeping the companies work beginning and ending time and to complete a
given task within the given period. That was challenging to become punctual for the 1st days of
my work. But gradually I began to start and end my tasks on time
Office disciplines- in work place you don’t have to disturb the working atmosphere. For
example abstain from opening loud voice, loud music, songs and things which disturb
other workers’ working mood.
Reliability- The worker should be qualified for the part he is supposed to be
performing. He/she must have appropriate skill and knowledge for the task assigned.
Honesty- Regarding this value each worker regardless of its status should abstain from bad
behaviors such as cheating, bias, corruption etc.
Cooperation- Each
worker
should
interact
and
cooperate
with
each
other while
working. That is because it is through such system problems could be easily solved.
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3.7 In terms of entrepreneurship skills
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many people
with career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment. After the
completion of my internship I am more motivated to look forward in construction business and
to start taking sub contract with different technique.
Participating in an internship allows me to gain a better perspective of post-graduation
employment by applying the principles and theories I’ve developed in the classroom.
This practical application creates an easier transition for me from the classroom to the working
world. While participating in this internship I realize that creativity and problem solving is one of
the starting points of entrepreneurs. This internship motivate me not to be employee because it
enables me to know more about my career, the real challenges, and way of business
establishment in this profession.
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1 Conclusion
The last four months were the most important parts of my life. It was also the starting point of
my career. It gave me the highlight of my future as a civil engineer. It allowed me to create
valuable connection and gain a priceless experience. It gave me the chance to revise what I have
learned for the past four years directly or indirectly at the university. It was a big step in
improving my communication, team playing and leadership skills. I am pretty sure that it will
also be a stepping stone to the next part of my life.
I have seen a lot of new things which I can’t be able to see in class. It was the best way to see my
theoretical knowledge and I practice it in the real life. The internship program enlightened me on
what to expect and what challenges I face as civil engineer. The workers I have been working
with were excellent on what they do, and that I had a lot to learn from them. Moreover they were
more than happy to share what they knew and tried their best to teach me as much as they can.
Here I would like to mention that I had the chance to know what makes up a complete and
ethical worker. During my stay I am expected to obligate the rules and obligation of the company
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. I had also many advices and positive criticism on my work and strong parts. I had the most
pleasure with the program and hope that it has benefited me as much as I think it did. I also want
to appreciate the company for letting me stay with them and for showing their full cooperation.
The university is also worth to mention for it has designed such an internship program which
increases a student’s confidence in working and creates motivation to learn. Knowing, that the
current system of the program is to be appreciated.
4.2 Recommendation
During my four months of internship experience period I have seen some observation about the
internship hosting company. In this part of my report I will try to suggest some ideas for my
internship hosting company and my university.
1. For my internship hosting company
o Most of site worker, particularly site engineers and daily laborers do not have
safety closes like safety shoes, helpmates, etc. to protect them from sudden
injuries. Due to this problem, they are exposed to different injuries while working.
Therefore I recommend the company to arrange safety tools for site workers.
o Lack of continuous lab test, which means they don’t execute any lab test for the
last 4 months and that’s why we don’t see any of lab test.
2. For the university
o The supervision and assistant from the department was not sufficient. Therefore
we suggest the department to arrange more frequent contact time between the
university advisors and the intern student.
o The cost given for internship students was not enough and it don’t consider the
outside environment life condition. 65 birr per day maybe a good cost for the last
10 or 5 years and today everything become so expensive, but still our university
pays for internship students as per calculated for the past years it don’t consider
the right now condition and I recommend that to make considerable the outside
condition for the next batch students.
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REFERENCE
i.
Building construction handout
ii.
Gutema Firisa construction PLC profile
iii.
Internet ( www.dailycivil.com ,www.wikipiedia.com )
iv.
RCC Handout
v.
EBCS-2 (1995). Structural use of concrete, Ministry of works and urban development
Addis ababa, Ethiopia.
vi.
Different previous internship report
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APPENDIX
Tumbi…………………...Plum bob
Kerebat………………….Timber material used to keep the column formwork fixed.
Squadra………………..…Keep some area rectangle or make each angle 90
Fero…………..……..….. Reinforcement bar
Stafa………………….…..Stirrup
Kabaleto……………….…Bar chair
Phondo…………………...is the lower part of the main beam
Stanga..........................…...is a wood used to keep column vertically
Abaykracher……………… The bottom wood used to start the column formwork
Kraycher………………….. The bottom wood upper the Abaykracher
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