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Recognizing the Normal Abdomen:
Gas pattern
Extraluminal air
Calcifications
Soft-tissues masses
Increased density
Bone x-ray
Diffuse
 Diffuse loss of trabecular network
 Loss of cortico-medullary junction
Diffuse osteoblastic metastases (prostate)
Focal (cortical)
 Cortical
 Periosteal reaction
 Thickening of cortex
Focal (medullary)
 Punctate, sclerotic lesions
Localised osteoblastic metastases (prostate)
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Avascular (ischaemic) necrosis
 Intravascular: sickle cell, PRV
 Vascular: vasculitis
 Extra-vascular: trauma, steroids
Pagets
 Thickening of cortex
 Accentuation of trabecular pattern
 Increase in size of bone
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Appears denser than surrounding
bone
Devascularised bone appears more
sclerotic
(MRI most sensitive as affects
haematopoietic elements earliest)
Tends to affect bones with poor
vascular supply (scaphoid, femoral
head)
Decreased Density
Diffuse
Osteoporosis
Hyper-parathyroidism
Focal
Localised osteolytic metastases
Multiple myeloma
Osteomyelitis