Senior High School
Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
How Society is Organized?
Image: https://bit.ly/3gJ9LPR
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: How Society is Organized?
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets
Author/s:
Roy H. Lumban, PhD
Reviewers:
Sylvio C. Carciller,PhD
Charleah A.Matig-a
Ma. Deanna D.Manuel
Paz S. Pacturan
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Co-Chairpersons:
Paul Badon
Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Members:
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
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Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
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ii
Senior High School
Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
How Society is Organized?
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
iii
Table of Contents
COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................ i
COPYRIGHT PAGE .................................................................................................... ii
TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................. v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW .......................................................................................... v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE................................................................... vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ....................................................................................... vii
WHAT I KNOW ........................................................................................................ viii
Lesson 1: Groups within Society ............................................................................ 1
What’s New: “Ikaw at Ako” .................................................................... 1
What is It: Groups within Society ......................................................... 2
What’s More: “Parte Ka ng Buhay Ko” .................................................. 3
My Top Model................................................................ 4
What I Have Learned: You Complete Me ............................................. 5
What I Can Do: Share It ........................................................................ 5
Summary .................................................................................................................... 6
Assessment................................................................................................................ 7
Key to Answers .......................................................................................................... 8
References ................................................................................................................. 9
iv
What This Module is About
This module deals with the different social groups around us. It contains the
concepts as well as varied activities that will help you understand more on the ideas
presented.
We humans are social beings. We interact with each other regularly; we
cooperate; we learn; we connect with the people around us. We need to be a part of a
community or an organization in order to thrive. As we go along life’s journey, we meet
people whom will form part of the puzzle pieces of our lives.
Let the learning begin.
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Trace kinship ties and social networks (UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20)
v
How to Learn from this Module
The following are your guides for the proper use of this module:
To the Learner:
1. Follow closely to the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you already
know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module, unless, otherwise specified,
example: sheet of paper or bondpaper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder which will serve as your portfolio. It
should be arranged in a sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. Make sure that all activities are complied before accepting them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
bound of the learning competency.
To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.
vi
Icons of this Module
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.
What I Know?
Pre-Assessment
This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.
What’s In?
Review Activity
This part connects previous lesson with
that of the current one.
An introduction of the new lesson through
What’s New?
various activities, before it will be
Motivational Activity
presented to you.
What is It?
Lesson Proper
These are discussions as a way to deepen
your discovery and understanding of the
concept.
What’s More?
Performance Task
These are follow-up activities that are
intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.
What I Have Learned?
Generalization
Activities designed to process what you
have learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do?
Application
These are tasks that are designed to show
case your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.
Assessment
Post-Assessment
This evaluates your level of mastery in
achieving the learning objectives of the
lesson.
vii
What I Know
PRETEST
Test I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It can be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each other on the
premise of shared expectations regarding behaviour and who share common
identity.
a. social aggregate
c.
social categories
b. social group
d.
society
2. This group can be large or small; common interests bind the members together
more than their relationship.
a. primary group
c.
tertiary group
b. secondary group
d.
reference group
3. This is a group to which we compare ourselves.
a. social group
c.
secondary group
b. social aggregate
d.
reference group
4. A social group to which an individual feels he belongs.
a. secondary group
c.
in-group
b. out-group
d.
primary group
5. A social group that an individual does not identify with.
a. reference group
c.
primary group
b. network
d.
out-group
Test II. Identification: Identify the different social groups under Column A whether it
belongs to primary group, secondary group, or reference group. Write your answers
under Column B.
No.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Column A
Column B
schoolmates
favorite basketball team
childhood playmates
celebrities
doctor-patient
family
research group
heroes
husband and wife
siblings
viii
Lesson
Groups within Society
1
Learning Competency:
Traces kinship ties and social networks
(UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20)
What’s New
Activity 1:
“IKAW AT AKO”
Think about your typical day as a learner; make a list of those people you
associate with from the time you wake up until you sleep. Use the table given below
for your answers.
Time of the
day
Name of the person
you associate with
1
His/her role in your daily activities
What Is It
'No Man is an Island'
No man is an island entire of itself;
every man is a piece of the continent,
a part of the main;…
(Excerpts from Devotions upon Emergent
Occasions, a 1624 prose work by
English poet John Donne)
“No man is an island”. We are part
of a whole being. We cannot live
independently at all times. We cannot
always function by ourselves alone. We
need other peoples’ help because of our
limitations. We are not self-sufficient, we
rely on each other. Every one lives for
one another.
Image: https://bit.ly/3eGiHni
In the midst of a great pandemic from the covid-19, most everyone has been
isolated from others, told not to go to work or work from home or to stay at home. We
are far from each other physically but not socially. Though we may not be able to see
our loved ones often because of this pandemic, but still we communicate to them
through different technologies and of course, social media.
As humans, we tend to create connections; we tend to create groups from the
people around us. We are capable of establishing groups by way of our different
relationships with other people such as family, friends, neighbours, classmates,
workmates and other individuals whom we share common identity and interests. Our
relationships with other people caused us to survive. We develop ourselves through
social interactions. The society around us helps us grow to a better individual. The
person and society are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It is a two-way
relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth – with this, social
groups are formed.
Social group may be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behaviour and who share a
common identity.
Categories of Groups
Primary group is a typical small social group whose members share close,
personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have strong
emotional ties. The members have a feeling of togetherness and belongingness, and
2
sympathetic with one another. Examples include families, friendship groups, play
groups, peers, neighbours, etc.
Secondary group can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly
impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term; typically
found at work and school. Examples include the group for a school project, members
of the committee, superior-subordinate, seller-buyer, etc.
Reference group. They serve as model of standards; we use them as patterns
to guide behaviours and attitudes. Examples include peer groups, senior schoolmates,
actors and actresses, etc.
Reference group may be classified as in-group or out-group.
In-group is a social group to which an individual identifies and which give
him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of togetherness,
and protective attitude toward the other members. The members know each other
intimately and loyal to each other. They share common activities, goals, and
background. Examples are membership of a church organization, sports club.
Out-group is a social group that an individual does not identify with; viewed as
outsiders of the in-group. Any member of the in-group has a feeling of strangeness,
avoidance, antagonism, etc. towards the members of the out-group. Example could
be a sports team opponent.
Networks (link or connection) are defined as sets of informal and formal social
ties that link people to each other. Social network is a sociological concept for a group
of interdependent individuals and the relationships between them. It is formed by the
presence of social linkage for some personal, economic, religious, or political reasons.
The
social
actors
within
a
network
might
be
people, families,
organizations, corporations, states, or a mixture of individuals and groups.
What’s More
Activity 2: “PARTE KA NG BUHAY KO”
1.
2.
From among the many social groups that you have had, past and present,
choose one that you think provided you the most memorable impact to your life.
Describe the group in column A, and then enumerate the impacts it had on you
as a person in Column B.
A
The Group
B
The impact of this group on me
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 3:
MY TOP MODEL
Identify one reference group that has influenced your attitude or behaviour, and
explain why it had this influence on you.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
Rubric for Activity 3
Criteria
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic.
5
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
5
Total points (15)
4
Rating
4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2
1
1
1
What I Have Learned
Activity 4:
YOU COMPLETE ME
After studying all the concepts and working on all the activities about the
different social groups, it’s now time to check your knowledge by completing the
phrase below. Use your own words to discuss your answer.
I learned that…
1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Rubric for Activity 4
Criteria
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic or issue.
5
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic 5
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
5
Total points (15)
Rating
4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2
1
1
1
What I Can Do
. Activity 5: SHARE IT
Read the statement below and share your experience.
We are caught unaware of the great pandemic covid-19. It has made huge
impact to all aspects of our being. In this time of uncertainty, we are able to witness
many faces of helping hands especially in the social media. True compassion for
humanity is the essence of it all. How about you?
Together with the help of your family, friends, neighbours, your community
perhaps, what significant act of true compassion did you do to help? Please share
your experience.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
Rubric for the Activity
Criteria
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic.
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic.
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content.
Total points (15)
5
5
5
Rating
4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2
1
1
1
SUMMARY

Social group may be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each
other on the premise of shared expectations regarding behaviour and who
share a way of common identity.

Primary group is a typical small social group whose members share close,
personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have
strong emotional ties.

Secondary group can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly
impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term;
typically found at work and school.

Reference group is a group to which we associate ourselves. They serve as
model of standards; we use them as patterns to guide behaviours and attitudes.
Reference group may be classified as in-group or out-group.

In-group is a social group to which an individual identifies and which give
him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of
togetherness, and protective attitude toward the other members.

Out-group is a social group that an individual does not identify; viewed as
outsiders of the in-group.

Networks (link or connection) are defined as sets of informal and formal social
ties that link people to each other.
6
ASSESSMENT
POSTTEST
Test I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It can be defined as a group of individuals who often act with each other on the
premise of shared expectations regarding behaviour and who share common
identity.
a. social aggregate
c.
social categories
b. social group
d.
society
2. This group can be large or small; common interests bind the members together
more than their relationship.
a. primary group
c.
tertiary group
b. secondary group
d.
reference group
3. This is a group to which we compare ourselves.
a. social group
c.
secondary group
b. social aggregate
d.
reference group
4. A social group to which an individual feels he belongs.
a. secondary group
c.
in-group
b. out-group
d.
primary group
5. A social group that an individual does not identify with.
a. reference group
c.
primary group
b. network
d.
out-group
Test II. Identification: Identify the different social groups under Column A whether it
belongs to primary group, secondary group, or reference group. Write your answers
under Column B.
No.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Column A
Column B
Schoolmates
favorite basketball team
childhood playmates
celebrities
doctor-patient
Family
research group
heroes
husband and wife
siblings
7
8
KEY TO ANSWERS
PRETEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
b
d
c
b
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
secondary group
reference group
primary group
reference group
secondary group
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
secondary group
reference group
primary group
reference group
secondary group
primary group
secondary group
Reference group
primary group
primary group
POSTTEST
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
b
d
c
b
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
primary group
secondary group
Reference group
primary group
primary group
REFERENCE
Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C.
Fadrigon, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 133-145.
Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta, Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics for Senior High School, Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016, 50-65.
SAGE Publications Inc. Accessed June 14, 2020.
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/48648_ch_7.pdf
"Types of Social Groups | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book
Production. Accessed June 14, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/types-ofsocial-groups/.
"6.1 Social Groups – Sociology." Open Textbooks · University of Minnesota Libraries.
Last modified April 8, 2016. https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/6-1social-groups/
9
Management Team
Chairperson:
Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons:
Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members:
Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
10
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax:
((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address:
cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph