JACQUELINE LEUNG 梁凱琪 Professional Qualifications Registered Music Therapist, Australian Music Therapy Association Certified Neurologic Music Therapist Master of Arts in Music Therapy, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Bachelor of Music & Arts, University of New South Wales, Australia LRSM in Flute Performance (ABRSM) Area of Expertise Special Education Aged Care Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Ms Jacqueline Leung Tel: 61571058 email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify various meanings and functions of music in societies 2. Examine the multiple perspectives with which people view and understand music 3. Describe the interplay between music, mind and human behaviour 4. Apply concepts and theories to the analysis of the cultural and social implications of musical performances 5. Demonstrate a foundation knowledge base for further study of the meanings of music to culture and both the mental and behavioural aspects of human living Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk COURSE SCHEDULE LECTURES 1-3 4-5 6-7 8-10 11-13 TOPIC Basic Elements of Music Music & Human Behaviour Music & Mind Music & Mental Health Music, Culture & Society Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk OUTING The Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra Open Rehearsal DATE To Be Confirmed TIME To Be Confirmed VENUE Concert Hall, Hong Kong Cultural Centre, Tsimshatsui This is a unique chance to experience at the Hong Kong Philharmonic at work in rehearsal in the Hong Kong Cultural Centre. The behind-the-scenes experience gives students and their teachers the opportunity to see how an orchestra prepares for a performance and learn from the orchestra musicians, conductors and guest artists. Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk ASSESSMENTS Continuous Assessment Percentage Brief Description Assignment 1 10% (Individual) Quizzes about basic music theory Assignment 2 20% (Individual) Reflection on an academic article Group Presentation 30% (Group) A group project related to the syllabus of the course Final Test 30% (Individual) A test with MC and short questions Class Participation 10% (Individual) Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk LESSON 1 OUTLINE 1. Duration - Rhythm 2. Duration - Tempo 3. Pitch – Tonality 4. Pitch – Melody 5. Pitch – Harmony Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk DURATION DURATION refers to the lengths of sounds and silences in music and includes the aspects of beat, rhythm, metre, tempo, pulse rates and absence of pulse. The main aspects of DURATION are beat, metre, tempo and rhythm Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk DURATION DEFINITION BEAT the underlying pulse in a piece of music. Beats are arranged into groups; they can be divided into two, three or four beats per bar METRE the grouping of beats in a piece of music that we hear as an organised succession of rhythmic pulses the speed at which a piece or song is to be played the way patterns of notes of different lengths are organised TEMPO RHYTHM Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk DURATION - RHYTHM Rhythmic Device Repetition Description Reiteration of a pattern, either immediately after its first statement or throughout the piece of music, as a unifying feature Diminution A pattern that is repeated with the notes half their previous duration Augmentation A pattern that is repeated with the notes double their previous duration Ostinato A constantly repeated musical phrase in the same instrument or voice Syncopation An emphasis on the weak or off beats Swing A pattern usually heard in Jazz, where quavers (2 half beats) are played unevenly, with the first of each pair is played longer and the second note is played shorter Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Metre In 2 time In 3 time In 4 time Rhythmic Devices Ostinato: Canon in D by Johann Pachebel Syncopation: Prelude No.3 by George Gershwin Swing: Little Brown Jug by Joseph Winner Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk DURATION - TEMPO Italian Term English Meaning Largo Slow Andante Walking speed Allegro Fast and lively Presto Very fast Italian Term Accelerando Rallentando English Meaning Gradually becoming faster Gradually becoming slower Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Tempo Largo: Winter from Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi Andante: Symphony No.104 by Joseph Haydn Allegro: Piano Sonata in F Minor Op.2 No.1 by Ludwig van Beethoven Presto: Summer from Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi Changes in Tempo Accelerando Rallentando Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk PITCH • Pitch refers to the relative highness and lowness of sounds. The concept of PITCH is made up of 3 parts: melody, harmony and tonality. Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk PITCH DEFINITION TONALITY MELODY The pitch arrangement used by the composer, often to convey a particular genre of music Horizontal succession of pitches HARMONY 2 or more pitches sounding together Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk PITCH - TONALITY DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCALE SCALE Major Minor Pentatonic Blues DESCRIPTION A scale of 7 notes (Semitones: 3-4, 7-8) Melodic Minor scale is a 7-note scale (Semitones: Ascending 2-3, 7-8, Descending 6-5, 3-2) Harmonic Minor scale is a 7-note scale (Semitones: 2-3, 5-6, 7-8) A scale of 5 notes A scale of 6 notes Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Tonality Major: Music for the Royal Fireworks by George Frideric Handel Minor: Symphony No.40 in G Minor by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Pentatonic: Five Little Piano Pieces No.4 by Ross Edwards Blues: Work Song by Nat Adderley Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk PITCH - MELODY MELODY Definite pitch Indefinite pitch MELODIC Ascending MOVEMENT Descending Steps Leaps MELODIC Ascending CONTOUR Descending Angular Static Arch Wave TUNE REGISTER RANGE MELODIC FEATURES Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) High Middle Low Narrow Wide Ornamentation Sequence email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Melody Definite Pitch: I Could Have Danced All Night from My Fair Lady Indefinite Pitch: Drum-Off by Mark Pacpaco Melodic Movement & Range: And I Love Her by The Beatles Melodic Contour: Leningrad Symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich Register & Melodic Features: Water Music by George Frideric Handel Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk PITCH - HARMONY HARMONY Accompanying Styles Chord Structure Modulation Chords Harmonic Features Broken Chords Block Chords Simple Complex Change of key Consonant Dissonant Harmonic Ostinato Cadence Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk Melody Accompaniment Styles: Piano Sonata in C Major No.16 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Chord Structure: Sonata in B minor by Franz Liszt Modulation: Turkish March by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Dissonant: Quartet for the End of Time by Olivier Messiaen Consonant: Minuet in G Major by Johann Sebastian Bach Harmonic Features: The Blue Danube by Johann Strauss II Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk REFERENCES Bennett, R. (1999). General Musicianship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Short, P. (2003). Exploring the Elements of Music and Style. Victoria: Heinemann. Jacqueline Leung (RMT, Certified NMT, MAMT, BMusBA, LRSM) email: hkjleung@hkcc-polyu.edu.hk
