SDO MALABON CITY
9
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Computer System Servicing 9
Second Quarter
WEEK 1: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PERFORMING
MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)”. This covers knowledge,
skills, attitudes, and values needed to select measuring instruments and
its specifications such as memory, data storage capacity, processor, and
video card.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify object/s or component to be measured;
 obtain correct specifications from relevant source; and
 select measuring tools in line with job requirements.
PRETEST
Directions: Match items on column A with column B. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1. It is a memory unit that connects
directly to the CPU is the primary A. Cache Memory
memory.
2. It must be continually refreshed in
B. Main memory
order to maintain the data.
3. It can be erased one byte at a time,
C. Read-only memory
rather than erasing the entire chip.
D. Electrically Erasable
4. The memory retains its contents as
Programmable ROM or
long as power is being supplied.
EEPROM
5. It contains instructions that can be E. Programmable ROM or
directly accessed by the CPU.
PROM
6. It can be programmed only once and is
F. Secondary memory
not erasable.
7. It is non-volatile in nature and is used G. Electrically Erasable
to store programs and data when they
Programmable ROM or
are not being processed.
EEPROM
8. It is read-only memory that can be
modified only once by a user.
9. It acts as a buffer between the CPU
and the main memory.
10. It can be erased by exposing it to
ultra-violet light for a duration of time.
H. Static RAM or SRAM
I. Dynamic Ram or
DRAM
J. Erasable
Programmable ROM or
EPROM
K. DDR2 RAM or double
data rate two
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned the different ways on how
to maintain a computer, file maintenance, how to backup files, and
updating your programs and applications. Before you proceed to our new
topic, let us recall different maintenance procedures.
Directions: Identify the following. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
1.
• It checks the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by
scanning the file system.
2.
• It deletes various system files on a hard drive by searching
for files that can be safely deleted.
3.
• It is a process of duplicating files, folder, and programs.
4.
• It is the practice of keeping computer in a good state and
physical health.
5.
• It is the routine changes, updates, copying, moving, or
deleting of files on a computer.
ACTIVITY 1
Read and try to remember as many words as possible for three
minutes. After three minutes, write down the words that you can
remember from the list within a minute.
1. read, pages, letters, school, study, reading, stories, sheets,
cover, pen, pencil, magazine, paper, words
2. house, pencil, apple, shoe, book, flag, rock, train, ocean, hill,
music, water, glass, school
3. sheets, pillow, mattress, blanket, comfortable, room, dream, lay,
chair, rest, tired, night, dark, time
4. door, tree, eye, song, pillow, juice, orange, radio, rain, car,
sleep, cat, dream, eat
A computer memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store
data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the
computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for
processing are stored.
Different computer components have different role for a computer
component to work. These types of components and objects are to be
measured and should have the correct specification to work properly.
REMEMBER
Computer Memory is any physical device capable of storing
information temporarily, like RAM (Random Access Memory), or
permanently, like ROM (Read-Only Memory). Memory devices utilize
integrated circuits and are used by operating systems, software, and
hardware.
There are two types of computer memory. Volatile memory (RAM)
and Non-volatile memory (ROM). Computer memory is based on the
two factors that include access time and capacity. The faster the speed of
the memory, the lesser will be the access time.
Categories of Memory
1) Main Memory or Primary Memory
The main memory unit connects directly to the CPU is the primary
memory. Furthermore, there are two types of primary memory:
A. Random Access Memory - RAM is also known as the volatile
memory. It is the system's short-term memory. When accessing
data and programs that are being processed by the CPU, RAM
is the temporary storage until the data is needed. RAM is volatile
memory, which means that the contents are erased when the
computer is powered off. RAM is measured in megabytes (MB)
or gigabytes (GB). RAM can be divided into two categories:
 Static RAM or SRAM – indicates the memory to retain its
contents as long as power is being supplied. However, the
data is lost when the power goes down due to volatile nature.
 Dynamic Ram or DRAM - must be continually refreshed in
order to maintain the data.
Types of RAM:
 EDO RAM or Extended Data Out - is a type of memory
developed in 1995 by Micron and was first used with Pentium
computers.
 SDRAM or Synchronous DRAM - is a type of memory that
synchronizes itself with the computer's system clock.
 DDR RAM or Double Data Rate - utilizes both the rising and
falling edge of the system clock, potentially doubling the speed
of the memory.
 DDR2 RAM or Double Data Rate Two - can operate at greater
speeds than DDR, offers a greater bandwidth potential,
operates on less power, and generates less heat.
 DDR3 RAM or Double Data Rate Three - have bus clock
speed of 400 MHz up to 1066 MHz, range in size from 1GB to
24 GB. DDR3 RAM sticks for a desktop computer have 240
pins. For a laptop computer, DDR3 RAM sticks have 204 pins.
 DDR4 RAM or Double Data Rate Four - has bus clock speeds
that range from 800 to 1600 MHz and range in storage
capacity from 4GB to 128 GB.
B. Read-Only Memory - contains instructions that can be directly
accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the
computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.
Data or information that is stored in ROM keeps its contents even
when the computer if turned off. ROM has three categories which
are:
 Programmable ROM or PROM - is Read-Only Memory that
can be modified only once by a user. It can be programmed
only once and is not erasable.
 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM or EEPROM - can
be erased one byte at a time, rather than erasing the entire
chip. Therefore, the process of reprogramming is flexible but
slow.
 Erasable Programmable ROM or EPROM - can be erased by
exposing it to ultraviolet light for a duration of up to 40
minutes.
2) Auxiliary Memory or Secondary Memory
Secondary memory is a permanent storage device. It is non-volatile
in nature and used to store programs and data when they are not being
processed. Because of this, the data remains in the same stage as long
as they are not deleted or rewritten from the user’s end. A secondary
memory includes devices such as:
 Optical disks like DVD, CD, and Blue-ray disks
 Magnetic disks like memory stick, floppy disk, and hard disk
drive
 Solid state disks like the thumb drive, pen, and flash
3) Cache Memory
It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used
to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used
by the CPU. The parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk
to cache memory by the operating system from where the CPU can
access them.
Data storage capacity. Storage capacity represents how much
disk space can one or more storage devices provides. It measures how
much data a computer system may contain. For an example, a computer
with a 500GB hard drive has a storage capacity of 500 gigabytes.
Processor. A processor is an integrated electronic circuit that
performs the calculations that runs a computer. A processor's speed is
measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second; and
gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second. A faster processor
can execute instructions more rapidly.
Video card. A video card is used to process images so they can be
displayed on your monitor. An upgraded and faster video card is helpful if
you are playing games or dealing with photo and video editing.
Along with this one you may also ask units and measurements as
to how memory in computers is measured. We all use a hard disk and a
pen drive to transfer the data from one place to another. But what are its
units? Computer measures data in many forms such as Megabyte,
Kilobyte, Byte, Bit, Nibble, Terabyte, Gigabyte, Exabyte, Petabyte, and
many more. Here are the conversions of these data into one form or
another:
8 Bits
Bytes (1024)
KB (1024)
MB (1024)
GB (1024)
TB (1024)
PB (1024)
EB (1024)
ZB (1024)
1 YB
1024 BrontoByte -
1 Byte
KiloByte (1KB)
MegaByte (1MB)
GigaByte (1GB)
TeraByte (1TB)
PetaByte (1PB)
ExaByte (1EB)
ZettaByte (1ZB)
YottaByte (1YB)
BrontoByte
1 GeopByte
In computer memory, bits are the smallest memory. While Geopbyte
is the highest memory. 1 bit is the binary unit.
All components in your computer, such as the CPU, the hard drive,
and the operating system, work together as a team, and memory is one
of the most essential parts of this team. From the moment you turn on
your computer until the time you shut it down, your CPU is constantly
using memory.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Arrange the word/s properly and explain its use.
1 ymoemr
2 osroprsce
3 devoi rdca
4 eard-lyno omryme
5 omndra cecass omryme
POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. It is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily,
like RAM (Random Access Memory), or permanently, like ROM (ReadOnly Memory).
A. Auxiliary Memory
C. Random Access Memory
B. Computer Memory
D. Read Only Memory
2. It is also known as the volatile memory and the system's short-term
memory.
A. Auxiliary Memory
C. Random Access Memory
B. Computer Memory
D. Read Only Memory
3. It contains instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU.
A. Auxiliary Memory
C. Random Access Memory
B. Computer Memory
D. Read Only Memory
4. It indicates the memory to retain its contents as long as power is being
supplied.
A. Dynamic Ram or DRAM
B. EDO RAM or Extended Data Out
C. SDRAM or Synchronous DRAM
D. Static RAM or SRAM
5. It must be continually refreshed to maintain the data.
A. Dynamic Ram or DRAM
B. EDO RAM or Extended Data Out
C. SDRAM or Synchronous DRAM
D. Static RAM or SRAM
6. It is a memory unit that connects directly to the CPU is the primary
memory.
A. Auxiliary Memory or Secondary Memory
B. Cache Memory
C. Computer Memory
D. Main Memory or Primary Memory
7. It is an integrated electronic circuit that performs the calculations that
runs a computer.
A. Data storage capacity
B. Memory
C. Processor
D. Video card
8. It represents how much disk space can one or more storage devices
provides.
A. Data storage capacity
B. Memory
C. Processor
D. Video card
9. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory.
A. Auxiliary memory or secondary memory
B. Cache Memory
C. Computer Memory
D. Main memory or primary memory
10. It is used to process images so they can be displayed on your
monitor.
A. Data storage capacity
B. Memory
C. Processor
D. Video card
References
“RAM”, www.computerhope.com, last modified October 4, 2020,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm
“Computer - Memory”, www.tutorialspoint.com, last modified October 2, 2020,
www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_memory.htm
“The Central Processing Unit”, courses.cs.vt.edu, last modified October 2, 2020,
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/MachineArchitecture/Lessons/CPU/ind
ex.html
“Computer memory”, www.explainthatstuff.com, last modified October 5, 2020,
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-computer-memory-works.html
Owen M. Milambiling, Cesar T. Arriola, Dante B. Bermas, Ronaldo V. Ramilo,
Rosalie P.
Lujero, Diana Marie B. Dagli, Dr. Virgilio O. Guevarra, and Maria
Angelica G.
Mates, “Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Learner’s
Material”:
Department of Education, 2013,
https://www.slideshare.net/danielmanaog14/k12module-in-tle-ict-grade-9-all-gradings
WEEK 2: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PERFORMING
MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in understanding
concepts and underlying principles in performing measurements and
calculations.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 select appropriate measuring instrument to achieve required
outcome;
 obtain accurate measurements for job;
 perform calculation needed to complete task using the four
mathematical fundamental operations: addition (+),
subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (÷);
 use calculation involving fractions, percentages, and mixed
numbers to complete workplace tasks; and
 self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy.
PRETEST
Directions: Write True if the underlined word/s makes the
statement correct and False if the statement is incorrect. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
1. A group of 8 bits is called a nibble.
2. Most computers can process millions of bits every second.
3. 8 bits (b) is equivalent to 1byte (B) system which is made up of 10
numbers.
4. A hard drive's storage capacity is measured in gigabytes or terabytes.
5. The binary system on computers uses combinations of 1s and 2s.
6. This counting system is known as decimal, denary, or base 10.
7. A number base indicates how many digits are available within a
numerical system.
8. Binary is known as base 10 because there are ten choices of digits
between 0 and 9.
9. The binary system is also known as base 2.
10. Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits.
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned that computer memory is
a physical device capable of storing information. It is important because
from the moment you turn on your computer until the time you shut it
down, your CPU is constantly using memory. Before you proceed to our
new topic, let us recall different categories and types of memory.
Computer Memory
Primary Storage
RAM
ROM
Secondary Storage
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00100001
The ones and zeros above could be just numbers for you but in
binary code the numbers mean “Hello!”. Did you know that computers
don’t understand words or numbers the way humans do? All computer
data is represented using binary, a number system that uses 0s and 1s.
Binary digits can be grouped together into bytes.
Based on the table below, spell your name using UTF-8 binary code.
Check for the 8-bit binary code sequence for each letter of your name, for
example, if your name starts with the letter A, your first letter would be
01000001.
(Example)
FAITH
• 01000110 01000001 01001001 01010100 01001000
REMEMBER
Computers use binary - the digits 0 and 1 to store data. The smallest
unit of data in computing is called a binary digit, or bit. It is presented by a
0 or 1.
The tiny switch is called a transistor which is activated by the
electronic signals it receives. The circuits in a computer's processor are
made up of billions of transistors. The digits 1 and 0 used in binary reflect
on and off states of a transistor.
Some of your computer files such as software, music, documents,
and any other information that is processed by a computer is also stored
using binary.
Bits can be grouped together to make them easier to work with. A
group of 8 bits is called a byte. 8 bits (b) is equivalent to 1 byte (B) system
which is made up of 10 numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. It is the
most commonly used numbering system.
The logic behind is
convenience. We have 10 fingers that we use for counting so it is easier
to count with a base 10 numbering system. Therefore, decimal is widely
used.
Nibble - 4 bits (half a byte)
Byte - 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) - 1000 bytes
Megabyte (MB) - 1000 kilobytes
Gigabyte (GB) - 1000 megabytes
Terabyte (TB) - 1000 gigabytes
Most computers can process millions of bits every second. A hard
drive's storage capacity is measured in gigabytes or terabytes. RAM is
often measured in megabytes or gigabytes.
A number base indicates how many digits are available within a
numerical system. The binary system on computers uses combinations of
0s and 1s. In everyday life, we use numbers based on combinations of
the digits between 0 and 9. For binary numbers there are only two possible
digits available: 0 or 1. The binary system is also known as base 2. Denary
or base 10 in counting system is known as decimal. Denary is known as
base 10 because there are ten choices of digits between 0 and 9.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers, and special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). With
ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits.
For Example:
Capital letter: F = 01000110
Number: 1 = 00110001
Conversion from Decimal to Binary
Conversion can be done by dividing the decimal number by 2 repeatedly
until the final result is 0. Divide the number by 2.
1. Compute the quotient and the remainder.
2. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again.
3. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
4. Copy the remainder from bottom to top and that is the binary
equivalent.
For example, the decimal number 357 is converted to binary number
as follows:
Division
357 / 2
178 / 2
89 / 2
44 / 2
22 / 2
11 / 2
5/2
2/2
1/2
Quotient
178
89
44
22
11
5
2
1
0
Remainder
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
Binary number is taken from the remainder starting from the last to
the start, or in the illustration above, from bottom to top, which is
101100101.
Decimal number 357 is equivalent 101100101 in binary number.
Conversion from Binary to Decimal
Conversion can be done by plotting each binary digit value on each
column corresponding to its decimal digit value. Each column is the
number 2 raised to an exponent. The exponent increases by one from
right to left. To get the total value you add the value of those columns
tagged as ON or equivalent to 1.
For example, the binary number 101100101 is converted to decimal
number as follows:
Exponent
Value
ON / OFF
28
256
1
27
128
0
26
64
1
25
32
1
24
16
0
Total value = (256+64+32+4+1) = 357.
Binary number 101100101 is 357 in decimal number.
23
8
0
22
4
1
21
2
0
20
1
1
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Convert the following numbers to their binary
equivalents. Show your solution.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2710
3310
5410
4710
7810
27
128
1
0
0
0
26
64
0
0
0
1
25
32
1
1
1
1
24
16
0
1
1
0
23
8
1
0
1
0
22
4
0
0
0
0
21
2
0
1
0
1
20
1
1
0
0
0
6)
7)
8)
9)
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
10)
Answer
POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
1. It is the smallest unit of data in computing.
A. Binary
B. Circuit
C. Software
D. Transistor
2. It is a tiny switch that is activated by the electronic signals it receives.
A. Binary
B. Circuit
C. Software
D. Transistor
3. These are sets of instructions that is translated into machine code. It is
simple binary codes that activate the CPU.
A. Bits
B. Computer programs
C. Programmers
C. Software
4. It is represented by a 0 or a 1.
A. Binary
B. Circuit
C. Software
D. Transistor
5. It indicates how many digits are available within a numerical system.
A. Binary
B. Decimal
C. Denary
D. Number base
References
“Computer memory”, www.explainthatstuff.com, last modified October 5,
2020, www.explainthatstuff.com/how-computer-memoryworks.html
“Introducing binary”, www.sciencefriday.com, last modified October 4,
2020, www.sciencefriday.com/educational-resources/write-yourname-in-binary-code/
“What is Binary”, www.howtogeek.com, last modified October 6, 2020,
www.howtogeek.com/367621/what-is-binary-and-why-docomputers-use-it/
“Decimal Numbering System”, teachcomputerscience.com, last modified
October 4,
2020, teachcomputerscience.com/convertingdecimal-to-binary/
WEEK 3: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PERFORMING
MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in understanding
concepts and underlying principles in performing measurements and
calculations.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 perform calculation needed to calculate storage capacity of
storage media using the four mathematical fundamental
operations: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and
division (÷);
 use calculation involving fractions, percentage, and mixed
numbers to complete workplace tasks; and
 self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy.
PRETEST
Directions: The table below shows the storage capacities of
computers. Arrange the following unit measurement system from the
lowest to highest. 1 being the lowest and 9 being the highest.
Zettabyte (ZB)
Terabyte (TB)
Exabyte (EB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Kilobyte (KB)
Yottabyte (YB)
Megabyte (MB)
Byte (B)
Petabyte (PB)
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned that computer data is
represented using binary, a number system that uses 0s and 1s. Some of
your computer files such as software, music, documents, and any other
information that is processed by a computer is also stored using binary.
Before you proceed to our new topic, Convert the following letters
to binary number system using UTF-8 binary code.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ICT
TLE
Bit
Love
Computer
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
Look and list down different storage media around you. Then, write
its type and storage capacity as shown in the table below:
Storage Media
Type
Capacity
(Ex. Memory Card,
Flashdrive)
(Magnetic/Optical/Flash
Memory)
(Example:
KB,MB,GB,T)
Ex. CD-ROM
Optical
700 MB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Before deciding what kind or type of storage device you need to use,
it is important to identify the requirements or specification of your data
storage. When deciding on the type of device needed, you should
consider cost, capacity, speed of access, portability, durability, and
reliability.
From the past lesson, you learned that the binary number system
uses only two symbols, 0 or 1. This is how a computer stores information
and into the indicated storage device such as a hard drive.
REMEMBER
The most common unit of digital data storage is a bit. It is also called
as binary and it is considered as the standard unit in which a computer
stores data. To increase the size of information stored, bits are clustered
into groups of eight, which equals to a byte. This measurement process
continues exponentially (1 bit = 8 bytes, 1 kilobyte = 1,024 bytes, etc.).
The table below shows the unit measurement system which helps
users understand the storage process of computers. Here is a basic table
to illustrate how the units increase exponentially.
Byte (B)
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
Exabyte (EB)
Zettabyte (ZB)
Yottabyte (YB)
1 byte
1024 bytes
1024 KB
1024 MB
1024 GB
1024 TB
1024 PB
1024 EB
1024 ZB
As you can see, the conversions vary from a standard system such
as the metric system. 1 kilobyte does not convert to 1,000 but instead
1,024 bytes. The process simplifies and allows quick calculations due to
the pattern of growth (1024KB to 1024MB to 1024GB etc.).
Have you ever thought of how many files can be stored in a storage
media? Here are the steps on how to calculate how many files can be
stored in a storage media.
Calculating Storage Capacity
To calculate how much data can be stored within a certain capacity
you need to understand three things:
1. The size of the data being stored.
2. The available space (capacity) for storing the data.
3. How to convert between the relevant units?
Situation #1
If the size of an average digital photograph is 8MB, how many
photographs can be stored on a 32GB SD card?
1. Convert the available capacity from GB to MB by multiplying by
1024:
32
× 1024
= 32,768
(GB)
(Megabytes)
(MB available storage)
2. Divide the available space by the space required for one image to
find how many can be stored in total:
32,768 (MB total storage)
÷
8 (MB per image)
= 4,096 images
Answer: 4,096 images can be stored on a 32 GB SD card.
Situation #2
Suppose there are 140 music files, each of which is approximately
6 megabytes in size and 1 gigabyte USB memory stick on which these
files are to be stored. In order to identify how much storage space is
required to store all these files on the USB memory stick, the following
calculation can be used:
140 (music files)
x
6 (megabytes size of each music file)
= 840 (megabytes size of data being stored)
To determine whether the USB memory stick has enough capacity
to store all 140 music files, the units used for both the files and the storage
device need to be the same. The size of the music files is in megabytes,
so the capacity of the USB will also need to be converted to megabytes.
In this example, the USB memory stick has a 1 gigabyte capacity.
1 gigabyte = 1024 megabytes
The capacity of the USB memory stick is now expressed in
megabytes. The following calculation will determine how many 6
megabyte files this storage device can hold.
1024 (megabytes)
÷ 6 (megabytes)
= 166.66 files (music files can fit to 1024 megabytes of
USB memory stick)
Answer: As there are 140 music files, they will all fit on the USB memory
stick.
This process can be applied to files of any types and sizes:
File type
Typical size
Word
processed
document
50 kilobytes
Image file
100 kilobytes
Video file
100 megabytes
Quantity 1 gigabyte USB
memory stick could hold
1 gigabyte = 1,000 megabytes,
1000 megabytes = 1,000,000
kilobytes, 1,000,000 / 50 =
20,000 word processed files
1 gigabyte = 1,000 megabytes,
1000 megabytes = 1,000,000
kilobytes, 1,000,000 / 100 =
10,000 image files
1 gigabyte = 1,000 megabytes,
1,000 / 100 = 10 video files
Most files in our computer contain thousands of bytes and file sizes
are often measured in kilobytes. Larger files, such as images, videos, and
audio files, contain millions of bytes and are measured in megabytes.
Modern storage devices can store thousands of these files, that is why
storage capacity is typically measured in gigabytes or even terabytes.
Being familiar on the process and how the digital unit conversion
measurements helps you understand sizes of storage devices.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Compute how much data can be stored within a certain
data storage. Show your solution.
1. Heaven has a smart phone with 6GB of storage. She wants to store
music on her phone. A typical mp3 encoded music file takes up 4MB.
How many tracks can be stored on her phone?
2. Keiffer wants to store photos on his phone with 32 GB of storage.
Given that a typical photo taken by a phone will be around 2MB, How
many pictures can be stored on his phone?
POSTTEST
Directions: Match column A with column B about equivalent
conversion of the following unit of measurement in the storage process of
computers. Write the chosen letter in the answer sheet provided.
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
II.
Column A
Byte (B)
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
Exabyte (EB)
Zettabyte (ZB)
Yottabyte (YB)
Column B
A. 1024 KB
B. 1024 PB
C. 1 byte
D. 1024 MB
E. 1024 ZB
F. 1024 TB
G. 1024 GB
H. 1024 EB
I. 1024 bytes
J. 1024 bits
Directions: Compute how much data can be stored within a
certain data storage. Show your solution.
1. Freya has a photo that is 2MB. How many of these can she
store on his 3GB memory stick?
2. Alice has 600 MB of data and Alucard has 2000 MB of data.
Will it all fit on Alice's 4 GB thumb drive?
3. Esmeralda has 100 small images. Each of which is 500 KB.
How much space does she take up overall in MB?
References
“What units of measurement are used for data storage”,
https://techterms.com, last modified October 13, 2012
2020,https://techterms.com/help/data_storage_units_of_measur
ement
“Why Is It Valuable to Understand Digital Storage Units”,
https://www.canto.com, last modified October 5,
2020, https://www.canto.com/blog/digital-storage-units/
“Decimal Numbering System”, teachcomputerscience.com, last modified
October 4,
2020, teachcomputerscience.com/convertingdecimal-to-binary/
“Data Units Conversion”, https://www.gbmb.org/, last modified October
8, 2020, https://www.gbmb.org/
WEEK 4: PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PERFORMING
MENSURATION AND CALCULATION (PMC)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in understanding of
concepts and underlying principles in performing measurements and
calculations.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 ensure proper handling of storage media to avoid damage;
and
 identify tasks to be undertaken for proper storage of
instruments according to manufacturer’s specifications and
standard operating procedures.
PRETEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. It is the most common type of storage used in computers.
A. Flash memory devices
B. Magnetic storage devices
C. Optical storage devices
D. Storage media devices
2. It is a data-storage medium used transferring data between a personal
computer (PC) and other digital devices.
A. Flash memory devices
B. Magnetic storage devices
C. Optical storage devices
D. Storage media Devices
3. It is a portable storage device which connects a computer via USB port.
A. Hard drive
B. Memory card
C. Thumb drive
D. SD card
4. It is an internal hard drive is the main storage device in a computer.
A. Hard drive
B. Memory card
C. Thumb drive
D. SD card
5. It uses lasers and lights as its method of reading and writing data.
A. Flash memory devices
B. Magnetic storage devices
C. Optical storage devices
D. Storage media devices
6. It should be pulled out safely from the PC after use because it could
result to full damage of the disk.
A. Blu-ray disc
B. CD-ROM
C. Memory Card
D. Optical Disks
7. It should be maintained and cleaned on a regular basis to prevent
damage to media.
A. Drives
B. RAM
C. ROM
D. SD card
8. It causes the melting of electronic elements in the storage media.
A. Air
B. Heat
C. Liquid
D. Magnetic field
9. It is the data-carrying layer of the optical disk which is the most prone
to damage.
A. Both surface
B. Lower surface
C. Side surface
D. Upper surface
10. There should be enough _______ to prevent damaging your devices
with moisture or heat.
A. Air supply
B. Electricity supply
C. Heat supply
D. Magnetic supply
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned the importance to have a
knowledge about the process of digital unit conversion or measurements
which helps you understand how to save data in a storage media. Let us
review on how to calculate data storage media.
Situation:
France has a memory card with 8GB of storage. He wants to store
photos on his phone. How many pictures can be stored in his phone if
one picture is equal to 5MB?
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
Recognize the following components of your computer
system:
Name That Device!
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for storing
data. It can keep and hold information in short-term or long-term. It comes
in different shapes and sizes depending on the needs and functionalities.
It is important to take care of the storage devices of your computer system.
REMEMBER
A storage device is any hardware capable of holding information
either temporarily or permanently.
There are two types of storage devices used in computers: a
primary storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device,
such as a hard drive. Secondary storage can be removable, internal, or
external.
Here are some of the examples of storage devices:
1. Magnetic storage devices – are the most common type of storage
used in computers.
a. Floppy diskette - A 3 ½ inches disk that can store 1.44 MB
of data.
b. Hard drive - An internal hard drive is the main storage device
in a computer. It stores the operating system, software
applications or programs and the majority of computer’s
data.
2. Optical storage devices - use lasers and lights as its method of
reading and writing data.
a. Blu-ray disc – it can store up to 25 GB single-layer disc (50
GB on a dual-layer disc), and are the same size as a
standard CD.
b. CD-ROM disc (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) - an
optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be modified
nor deleted.
c. CD-R (CD-Recordable) discs- are recordable disc that can
be written to once.
d. CD-RW (CD-ReWritable) disc - is a rewritable disc that can
be written to multiple times.
e. DVD-R (DVD-Recordable) discs – are recordable discs that
can be written to once.
f. DVD-RW (DVD-ReWritable) - are rewritable discs that can
be written to multiple times.
3. Flash memory devices – It is a data-storage medium used
transferring data between a personal computer (PC) and other digital
devices.
a. USB flash drive, jump drive, or thumb drive – it is a portable
storage device. It connects to a computer via a USB port.
Flash drives are an easy way to store and transfer
information between computers and range in sizes from 2
GB to 1 TB.
b. Memory card – it is a type of storage media that is often
used to store photos, videos, or other data in electronic
devices.
c. SD Card (Secure Digital card) - it is one of the more
common types of memory cards used with electronics.
How to Take Care of Storage Media?
Storage Media should not be allowed to encounter liquids, dust, or
smoke, and should not be exposed to either extreme heat or direct
sunlight. It should be kept away from potential sources of magnetic fields,
including electrical equipment. Drives should be maintained and cleaned
on a regular basis to prevent damage to media.
Optical Disks should only be handled by the extreme edges or the
center hole, and the recording surface must not be touched. The upper
surface of optical discs is the data-carrying layer, which is the most prone
to damage.
Flash memory devices should be kept away from static electricity
and humid places.
Put storage devices at room temperature.
Storage devices should not be stored to extremely cold or hot
places. Heat causes melting of electronic elements in the storage media.
Make sure that the place of storage has enough air supply and proper
ventilation to prevent damaging your devices with moisture or heat.
Do not place the devices on top of other electronics
Do not place your USB Flash drives near a gaming set or TV set for
a long period because it leads to data damage.
Eject the devices safely
It is important to make sure that you always safely remove your
storage devices from your computer. Pulling the USB or memory card
without safely removing it from the PC after use results to full damage of
the disk.
Maintain integrity of your files
Install antivirus applications on your computer that will actively scan
for malware when any type of removable media or device is connected.
Keep it safe
To avoid losing important data on your storage media, be sure to
have a copy or back up your files. For example, you can use cloud-based
storage servers. This is a system that enables computer you safely store
data for future use.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Read the following situations and give proper
advices/tips on how to maintain storage media.
Ashia purchased a new
hard disk drive for her
computer. Give her tips
on how to maintain it.
•
•
Kirsten formatted her
flashdrive due to virus.
Give her tips on how to
avoid data damage.
•
•
Joy received a memory
card as a gift on her
birthday. Give her advice
on how to take care of
the storage media.
•
•
POSTTEST
True or False. Write True if the underlined word/s makes the
statement correct and False if the statement is incorrect.
1. Storage media should not be allowed to encounter liquids, dust, or
smoke, and should not be exposed to either extreme heat or direct
sunlight.
2. Optical disks should be kept it away from static electricity and humid
places.
3. Do not place your USB flash drives near a gaming set or TV set for
a long period because it leads to data damage.
4. It is important to make sure that you always safely remove your
storage devices from your computer.
5. Flash memory devices should only be handled by the extreme
edges or the center hole, and the recording surface must not be
touched.
6. CD-R are recordable discs that can be written to once.
7. Blu-ray disc is an optical storage device that is read-only or cannot
be modified nor deleted.
8. Memory card is a type of storage media that is often used to store
photos, videos, or other data in electronic devices.
9. The floppy diskette is a 3 ½ inches disk that can store 1.44 MB of
data.
10.The hard drive stores the operating system, software applications,
or programs, and the majority of computer’s data.
References
“Storage devices”, https://intl.siyavula.com, last modified October 10,
2020, https://intl.siyavula.com/read/cat/grade-11-cat/storagememory-and-processing-devices/03-storage-memory-andprocessing-devices
“How To Take Care Of Your Pc Storage Devices”,www.lingoversity.com,
last modified October 10, 2020,http://www.lingoversity.com/howto-take-care-of-your-pc-storage-devices/
“Storage device”, https://www.computerhope.com, last modified October
8, 2020, https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/stordevi.htm
Owen M. Milambiling, Cesar T. Arriola, Dante B. Bermas, Ronaldo V.
Ramilo, Rosalie P. Lujero, Diana Marie B. Dagli, Dr. Virgilio O.
Guevarra, and Maria Angelica G. Mates, “Technology and
Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Learner’s Material”: Department
of Education, 2013, https://www.slideshare.net/danielmanaog14 /k12module-in-tle-ict-grade-9-all-gradings
WEEK 5: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)” This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in preparing and
interpreting technical drawing.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify the different types of technical drawing; and
 select technical drawing in accordance with the job
requirement.
PRETEST
Directions: Match items on column A with column B. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
COLUMN A
11. It is a picture that represents the
components of a process, device, or
other object using abstract. It is often
standardized symbols and lines.
12. It is an act or discipline of creating
models or plans to build something
through designs.
13. It is a graphical representation of
decisions and their results mapped out
in individual shapes.
14. It is a visual representation of how
parts of an object relate to each other
and work together.
15. It is a scaled diagram of a room or
building viewed from above.
COLUMN B
L. Block Diagram
M. Floor Plan
N. Flowchart
O. Schematic Diagram
P. Technical Drawing
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned the different components
to be measured, carry out measurements, and calculations, and
maintaining measuring instruments. Before you proceed to our new
topic, let us recall different components to be measured.
Directions: List down atleast (2) two different components and their
unit of measurement.
1. _______________
2. _______________
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
Design a simple model or drawing of your own facemask or face
shield that will be fashionable and safe at the same time.
Show your drawing to any person around your house. Are they able
to understand your drawing when they examine it?
As a computer technician, one of the important competencies that
you must have is the ability to prepare and interpret technical drawings.
REMEMBER
Technical Drawing is an act or discipline of creating models or
plans to build something through designs. It includes blueprints,
schematics, and diagrams that communicate how to construct a product,
device, machine, highway, or home. They also include sketches and 2Dand 3D-models that represent the appearance of a completed project.
Technical drawings are used widely throughout many industries by
professionals including architects, engineers, CAD Technicians, product
designers, and mathematicians.
Types of Technical Drawing
A. Schematic Diagram
A schematic is defined as a picture that shows something in a simple
way, using symbols. A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the
components of a process, device, or other object using abstract, often
standardized symbols and lines.
Schematic diagrams are widely used in electrical drawing. The main
purpose of a schematic diagram is to emphasize circuit elements and how
their functions relate to each other.
B. Charts
In general, a chart is a graphical representation of data. Charts allow
users to see what the results of data to better understand and predict
current and future data
A flowchart is a graphical representation of decisions and their
results mapped out in individual shapes
Flowcharts can provide a step-by-step diagram for mapping out
complex situations such as programming code or troubleshooting
problems with a computer.
C. Block diagrams
A block diagram is a visual representation of how parts of an object
relate to each other and work together. It is named as such because
blocks represent each piece of the design with lines between them to
show their respective relationships.
D. Lay-out Plans
A floor plan is a scaled diagram of a room or building viewed from
above. The floor plan may depict an entire building, one floor of a building,
or a single room. It may also include measurements, furniture, appliances,
or anything else necessary to the purpose of the plan.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. if not, replace
the underlined word/s with the correct word/s to make the statement
correct.
_____________1. A flowchart is a graphical representation of
decisions and their results mapped out in individual shapes.
_____________2. A block diagram is a picture that represents the
components of a process, device, or other object using abstract often
standardized symbols and lines.
_____________3. A schematic diagram is a visual representation of
how parts of an object relate to each other and work together.
_____________4. A floor plan is a scaled diagram of a room or
building viewed from above.
_____________5. Technical drawing is an act or discipline of creating
models or plans to build something through designs.
POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Which is the act or discipline of creating models or plans to build
something through designs?
A. Technical Ability
C. Technical Drawing
B. Technical Assessment
D. Technical Management
2. Joanna wanted to present a layout of her dream house. Which type of
technical drawing should she use?
A. Block Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram
B. Flowchart
D. Floor Plan
3. Maria is a computer engineer. She was tasked to create a step-by-step
diagram of the process in the input and output of the computer data. Which
technical drawing should she use?
C. Block Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram
D. Flowchart
D. Floor Plan
4. Kathrine is an electrical engineer and was tasked to present a picture
that represents the components of a process, device, or other object using
abstract often standardized symbols and lines. Which appropriate
technical drawing should she use?
C. Block Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram
D. Flowchart
D. Floor Plan
5. Which technical drawing is the visual representation of how parts of an
object relate to each other and work together?
A. Block Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram
B. Chart
D. Floor Plan
References
“What Is a Schematic Diagram?”, www.thoughtco.com, last modified January 29,
2019,
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-schematic-diagram-4584811
“Chart”, www.computerhope.com, last modified May 21, 2018,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/chart.htm
“Flowchart” www.computerhope.com, last modified October 11, 2017,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/flowchar.htm
“Definition of Technical Drawing”, careertrend.com, last modified December 11,
2018
https://careertrend.com/facts-5042740-definition-technical-drawing.html
“What is a Floor Plan?”, www.smartdraw.com
https://www.smartdraw.com/floor-plan/
"File:Chua's circuit with Chua diode.svg" by Chetvorno is marked with CC0 1.0
"File:ABasicComputer.gif" by Lambtron is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
"Floorplan" by WoogyChuck is licensed under CC BY 2.0
https://technicaldraft.com/types-of-technical-drawing-in-architecture/
WEEK 6: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in preparing and
interpreting technical drawing.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 recognize the elements of flowchart; and
 identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing.
PRETEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the
best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
3. Which element appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart?
C. Connectors
C. Process
D. Decision
D. Terminator
4. Which element is represented by a diamond?
A. Arrow Lines
C. Delay
B. Decision
D. Sub Process
3. Which element is represented by a rectangle and refers to an action in
a business process?
E. Arrow Lines
C. Process
F. Connectors
D. Sub Process
4. Which element is represented by a small circle or a connector box and
is labelled using letters?
E. Connectors
C. Sub Process
F. Decision
D. Terminator
5. Which symbol represents the input and output?
C. Lines
C. Parallelogram
D. Oval
D. Triangle
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned the different types of
technical drawing. Before you proceed to our new topic, let us recall
different types of technical drawing.
Directions: List down at least (3) three different types of technical
drawing.
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
In this module, you will learn more about the elements of flowchart
and right symbols to be used in creating a flowchart.
REMEMBER
Flowcharts can provide a step-by-step diagram for mapping out
complex situations such as programming code or troubleshooting
problems with a computer.
Basic Flowchart Symbols
The symbols that are commonly used in flowcharts have specific
meanings and are connected by arrows indicating the flow from one step
to another.
Elements
Terminator
Process
Symbol Name and Purpose
1. Start/Stop - ovals indicate both
the starting point and the ending
point of the process steps.
2. Process - a box represents an
individual step or activity in the
process.
Symbols
Decision
Connector
Sub-process
3. Decision - a diamond shows a
decision point, such as yes/no
or go/no-go. Each path
emerging from the diamond
must be labeled with one of the
possible answers.
4. Connector - a circle indicates
that a particular step is
connected to another page or
part of the flowchart. A letter
placed in the circle clarifies the
continuation.
5. Sub-process - is represented
by a rectangle with double lines
on each side. A sub-process is
a major process that could be
broken up into simpler
processes developed into
another flowchart.
6. Input/Output – a parallelogram
represents input/output. It
represents material or
information entering or leaving
the process such as customer
order (input) or a product
(output).
Arrow Lines
7. Arrow Lines - arrow lines
drawn in one direction,
preferably from top to bottom,
keep a flowchart clear. Avoid
arrow lines that loop because
this could indicate redundancy
in the business process.
8. Delay - indicates a delay in the
process. For example "Wait 1
day"
9. Triangle - a triangle shows
where an in-process
measurement occurs.
When drawing a flowchart, every stage should be listed out in a
logical order.
The flowchart should be clear, neat, and easy to follow. There
should not be any room for misunderstanding or ambiguity.
Only one flow line is used with a terminal symbol.
When starting your flowchart, the flow line leaves the
terminal symbol
When completing your flow chart, the flow line enters the
terminal symbol
Only one flow line should come out from a process symbol
Only one flow line should enter a decision symbol but two
or three flow lines may leave it depending on the options
that can be chosen.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
I. Directions: Identify the different elements of flowchart.
_____________1. It is a process that can answer a decision of "yes"
or "no" requires a decision box.
_____________2. It is drawn in one direction, preferably from top to
bottom, keep a flowchart clear.
_____________3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector
box and is labeled using letters.
_____________4. It is represented by a rectangle.
_____________5. It appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart.
II. Directions: Complete the table below.
A. Symbol
1.
B. Meaning
Input
2.
3.
4.
5.
Decision
POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Abigail was starting to create a flowchart. Which symbol should she
use at the begging of her flowchart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Cedrick wanted to indicate that a step is connected to another page or
part of the Flowchart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Elly process that can answer a decision of "yes" or "no". Which symbol
should she use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. Which element of flowchart is represented by a small circle or a
connector box and is labeled using letters?
A. Arrow Lines
C. Decision
B. Connector
D. Process
5. Which element of flowchart is represented by a rectangle and refers to
an action?
A. Connector
C. Sub Process
B. Process
D. Terminator
References
“Flowchart” www.computerhope.com, last modified October 11, 2017,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/flowchar.htm
Ronaldo V. Ramilo and Deover M. Pasco, Computer Hardware Servicing K to 12
Learning Module Exploratory (for Grade 7 & 8) p.49-62
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing_learn
ing_module.pdf
Flowchart, p.6-8 https://saferpak.com/flowchart_articles/howto_flowchart.pdf
WEEK 7: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in preparing and
interpreting technical drawing.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 determine the steps in creating flowchart;
 create a simple flowchart; and
 follow the rules and steps in creating flowchart.
PRETEST
Directions: Arrange the following key steps in developing a
flowchart. Use the letters A to F to arrange them.
_____1. Define the process to be flowcharted.
_____2. Put the steps in chronological sequence.
_____3. Establish process boundaries.
_____4. Assemble the right people.
_____5. Assign the flowchart symbol.
_____6. List the steps, activities, and decisions.
_____7. Review and Title the Flowchart.
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned the different elements
and symbols used in creating a flowchart. Before you embark in
creating your own flowchart, let us recall the elements and symbols used
in creating flowcharts.
Directions: Complete the table below.
Element
Symbol
Terminator
1.
3.
5.
Purpose
2.
4.
It refers to an action in
a business process.
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
ACTIVITY 1
Using the basic symbols in flowcharting, create a simple step by
step process or flow of activities that you do before you go out in this time
of pandemic.
Share your drawing to anyone in your house. Did they understand
or identify the activity that you draw?
In this module, you will learn more about creating and interpreting a
flowchart.
REMEMBER
A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover
ways to improve and analyze what is happening. It shows the breakdown
of a task into all the needed steps.
Each step is represented by a symbol and connecting lines that
shows the step-by-step progress. The diagram below shows the basic
structure of a flowchart.
START
PROCESS
DECISION
NO
PROCESS
YES
INPUT
PROCESS
END
Types of Flowchart
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the
sequence of work steps that make up a process. This tool can help
identify rework and redundant or unnecessary steps within a
process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual
process flow and identifies the people or groups involved at each
step. Horizontal lines define customer-supplier relationships. This
type of chart shows where the people or groups fit into the process
sequence and how they relate to one another throughout the
process.
There are lots of methods for constructing flowcharts that have been
described and you can safely use any one of them. Just remember that
you start out by doing these things:
 identify the right people to develop the chart.




determine what you expect to get from the flowchart.
identify who will use it and how will use it.
define the level of details you need.
establish the boundaries of the process to be improved.
It is important that you start by depicting the process exactly how it
works, not the way you think it should work. You need to chart the process
as it is. Later you can chart it as it is supposed to work or as you would
like it to work.
Here are the following key steps in developing a linear flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted. The purpose for flowcharting
it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart. Those
operators, technicians, or office workers who are involved in the
process.
3. Establish process boundaries. The starting and ending points.
 identify the major activities or sub processes that are included
in the process.
 determine what is not included in the scope of the process to
remove any doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This
may also help establish the scope of related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team
is not sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it is easier to
start with the last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the flowchart.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Using the basic symbols used in the flowchart, make
your own simple chart to show the process of “Basic Troubleshooting for
Computer Audio Problem”. (Below is the example of Basic
Troubleshooting for No Video Output)
POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Lucky was planning to create a flowchart. Which key steps in
developing a flowchart should he do first?
A. Draw the flowchart.
B. Assign flowchart symbols.
C. Review and title the flowchart.
D. Define the process to be flowcharted.
2. Tiffany is taking notes of the actual steps that is happening in the
flowchart that she will create. Which key steps in creating a developing
a flowchart does she do?
E. Establish process boundaries.
F. Put the steps in chronological order.
G. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart.
H. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
3. Chelsea is done assigning the flowchart symbols. Which key steps
in developing a flowchart should she do next?
I. Establish process boundaries.
J. Review and Title the flowchart.
K. Define the process to be flowcharted.
L. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
4. Manny listed the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. Which
should he do next?
M. Review and Title the flowchart.
N. Put the steps in chronological order.
O. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart.
P. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
5. Joshua arrange the steps exactly as how they have occurred. Which
steps in developing a successful flowchart did he do?
Q. Establish process boundaries.
R. Put the steps in chronological order.
S. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart.
T. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
References
“Flowchart” www.computerhope.com, last modified October 11, 2017,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/flowchar.htm
Ronaldo V. Ramilo and Deover M. Pasco, Computer Hardware Servicing K to 12
Learning Module Exploratory (for Grade 7 & 8) p.49-62
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing_learn
ing_module.pdf
Flowchart, p.6-8 https://saferpak.com/flowchart_articles/howto_flowchart.pdf
WEEK 8: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING
EXPECTATIONS
This module contains unit of competency on “PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)”. This covers the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed in preparing and
interpreting technical drawing.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 determine the steps in interpreting flowchart; and
 interpret a simple flowchart.
PRETEST
Directions: Study the flowchart and answer the questions below.
For items, 1-6 indicate the elements of flowchart if it is Input, Process, or
Decision.
1.
3.
5.
2.
4.
6.
7. What will happen if the Module 1 is NOT in your files?
A. You will edit Module 1.
B. You will print Module 1.
C. You will delete Module 1.
D. You will create Module 1.
8. What will happen if the Module 1 is in your Files?
A. You will edit Module 1.
B. You will print Module 1.
C. You will delete Module 1.
D. You will create Module 1.
9. What will happen if there are NO corrections in your Module?
A. You will open the file.
B. You will print Module 1.
C. You will end the process.
D. You will make corrections.
10. What will happen if there are corrections in your Module?
A. You will open the file.
B. You will print Module 1.
C. You will end the process.
D. You will make corrections.
LOOKING
BACK
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to create a flowchart.
Before we go deeper in learning flowcharts, let us recall first the key
steps in creating a successful flowchart.
Directions: List down the 7 key steps in developing a successful
flowchart.
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
6. ____________________________
7. ____________________________
BRIEF
INTRODUCTION
In this module, you will learn more about interpreting a technical
drawing. One of the important skills that you need to learn in Computer
System Servicing is the ability to create and interpret a technical drawing.
In the previous lesson you have learned different types of technical
drawing, the elements and symbols used in flowchart, and how to create
a simple flowchart. Now is the time for you to interpret the meaning of
someone else’s flowchart.
REMEMBER
A flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways
to improve if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your
Flowchart will help you to:





determine who is involved in the process.
form theories about root causes.
identify ways to streamline the process.
determine how to implement changes to the process.
locate cost-added-only steps.
 provide training on how the process works or should work.
Below is a Sequence of Steps That Will Help You Through an Orderly
Analysis of Your Flowchart
Step 1 - examine each process step of the following conditions that
indicate a need to improve the process.
Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may
be caused by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity,
or other factors.
Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of
inadequate training of process workers, equipment that needs to be
repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform the
drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.
Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be
interpreted and performed in a different way by each person involved,
leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the
weak link cited above.
Step 2 - examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data on
how often there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a
diamond shaped symbol. If most decisions go one way rather than the
other, you may be able to remove this decision point.
Step 3 - examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks
generate rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework
loop and identify those that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten
or eliminate the loop.
Step 4 - examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key
quality characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.
CHECKING YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Arrange the steps in interpreting a flowchart. Use the
letters A to E to arrange them.
_____1. Examine each rework loop.
_____2. Examine each process step.
_____3. Examine each activity symbols.
_____4. Examine each decision symbol.
POSTTEST
Directions: Study the flowchart and answer the following questions.
1
5
2
6
3
4
A. Indicate each element of the flowchart by putting “I” for Input, “P” for
Process and “D” for Decision. Item no.1 is already done for you.
1. P.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. What are the conditions in the flowchart? (The first condition is
already done for you)
Example for the first condition: If the computer will boot, it will proceed
to inputting the password. And if not, you will check if the cable is
plugged in.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
C. What will happen if the user input the wrong password? Write the
execution steps if you input incorrect password.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
References
“Flowchart” www.computerhope.com, last modified October 11, 2017,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/flowchar.htm
Ronaldo V. Ramilo and Deover M. Pasco, Computer Hardware Servicing K to 12
Learning Module Exploratory (for Grade 7 & 8) p.49-62
Flowchart, p.6-8 https://saferpak.com/flowchart_articles/howto_flowchart.pdf