What is Science? (4)Science is:<br>- an emprical field<br>- a Systematic field<br>- covers general truth and facts<br>- a total societal enterprise
What is <i>empirikos?</i>Experienced
" <div> <div> <div style=""display: inline !important;"">Means that science is any kind of knowledge from </div><div>experience&nbsp;</div><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"Empirical Field
<div> <div> <div> <div>Means that science follows specific steps in order to reach certain conclusion&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> Science is a systematic field.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol> </div> </div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>Means that science gets us to the truth through careful observation&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Science covers general truths and facts&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
Means that science achieves social impact alongside financial return.&nbsp;<div> <div> <div> <div>Science is a total Societal enterprise&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
What is Technology? (3)Technology is:<br>- an applied science<br>- body of knowledge and skills<br>- total societal enterprise
<div> <div> <div> <div>a discipline used to apply existing scientific method to develop technology&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Applied Science
<div> <div> <div> <div>A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Society
Science aims to&nbsp;<span class=cloze>[...]</span>Science aims to&nbsp;<span class=cloze>improve society</span><br> When society improves ... (2)- it demands more science;<br>- technology improves too.
The best known product of STSThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Who conducted a study that is best known product of STS in 1962?Thomas Kuhn
<div> <div> an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
<div> <div> <div> <div>Beginning of human existence until about 3000 BCE&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Stone Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>Cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (stone, bone tools).<br> </div> </div> </div></div>Stone Age
Three seperate periods of Stone Age- Paleolithic&nbsp;<br>- Mesolithic<br>- Neolithic Period
<div> <div> <div> <div>Humans were <b>food gatherers/hunters,</b> depending on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Paleolithic&nbsp;
<div> <div> <div> <div>They are nomads with no permanent shelters.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Paleolithic
<div> <div> <b>Agriculture</b> was introduced during this time which led to settlements in villages.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol> </div> </div>Mesolithic
<div> <div>Invention of more <b>sophisticated tools, </b>people were able to build permanent shelters.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol> </div> </div>Neolithic Period
<div> <div> <div> <div>Advances in<b> metallurgy</b> to working were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered.<br> </div> </div> </div></div>Bronze Age
Bronze is made up of88% Bronze<br>12% Tin
<div> <div> <div> <div>This period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Mesolithic Period
"<div> <div> <div> <div>&nbsp;Era were people are able to build <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">permanent shelters</span>.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Neolithic Era
<div> <div> <div> <div>a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Ores
The Bronze Age changed the face of farming with the invention of <span class=cloze>[...]</span>The Bronze Age changed the face of farming with the invention of <span class=cloze>irrigation</span><br> what age was ox-drawn plow and wheel utilized?Bronze Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the bronze age, this is the process of using man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources or floodplains to fields for crops or to reservoir lakes to use at a later time&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Irrigation
During the Bronze age, they rotate the crops planted in a number of fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.&nbsp;Field System
When was the first ever soap invented?Bronze Age
<div> <div><div>Where was the equation for soap found?&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>on the Babylonian earth tablet&nbsp;
<div> <div> <div> <div>The three main ingredients of soap according to the babylonian eart tablet</div> </div> </div></div>- Cassia Oil<br>- Water<br>- Alkali (Soluble base)
"<div> <div> <div> <div>It was during this time that ancient Egyptians built their <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">pyramids </span>to honor their dead pharaohs.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Bronze Age
"<div> <div> <div> <div>The earliest <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">written accounts</span>, including Egyptian hieroglyphs and petroglyphs (rock engravings), were dated to this age&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Bronze Age
"<div> <div> <div> <div>It was marked by the rise of states or <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">kingdoms</span>—large-scale societies joined under a central government by a powerful ruler.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Bronze Age
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction, and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving using the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">loom&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"Neolithic Period
<div> <div> <div> <div>Period where making textiles and clothing with the materials they harvested from nature and their livestock begins.</div> </div> </div></div>Neolithic Period
<div> <div> <div> <div>Lasted from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE<br> </div> </div> </div></div>Iron Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>Age where beginning of making tools and weapons from steel.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Iron Age
Where was iron first smelted from ore?South Caucasus
<div> <div> <div> <div>A region presently occupied by Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan</div> </div> </div></div>South Caucasus
<div> <div> <div> <div>&nbsp;At this time, iron was seen as more precious than gold&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Iron Age
"<div> <div> <div> <div>requires a more intensive process and with the development of better <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">smelting pits&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"Smelting Iron
<div> <div> <div> <div>a metal harder than copper and tin&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Iron
<div> <div> <div> <div>Better, sturdier, and more reliable agricultural tools were produced in this age making agriculture a lot easier than the previous period.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Iron Age
What Age did the <i>first coins imprinted </i>metal pieces for exchange emerged?Iron Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the Iron Age, where and when did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?</div> </div> </div></div>Lydia; 600 BC
<div> <div> <div> <div>a kingdom on the Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey)&nbsp;</div></div></div></div>Lydia
<div> <div> <div> <div>Agriculture, art, and religion all became more sophisticated, and writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets, began to emerge.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Iron Age
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Known as the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Medieval Period </span>and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire that lasted for 1,000 years until 1450.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Middle Ages
<div> <div> <div> <div>The beginning of the Middle Ages is called&nbsp;<span class=cloze>[...]</span></div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>The beginning of the Middle Ages is called&nbsp;<span class=cloze>Dark Ages</span></div> </div> </div></div><br> "<div> <div> <div> <div>Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages called the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Dark Ages?</span></div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div>Because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
During thw middle ages, the willingness to be ruled by the lords led to the beginnings of <span class=cloze>[...]</span>During thw middle ages, the willingness to be ruled by the lords led to the beginnings of <span class=cloze>feudalism&nbsp;</span><br> What are some of the notable invention by Europeans during the Middle Ages? (4)<div> <div> Horse Collar</div><div>Watermill</div><div>Magnetic Compass<br>Clock<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>Lead to the creation of the first mechanical clocks in around 1300 AD and had become the standard timekeeping device in this period.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Verge Escapement
<div> <div> <div> <div>Most common materials for clothing this time period were wool, cotton, silk, and linen.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Middle Ages
<div> <div> <div> <div>Introduced around 1350, was the first improvement made in the process of cotton spinning.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Spinning Wheel // The Great or Jersey
Europeans invention that pulls horse’s shoulders&nbsp;<div><div><div><ul> </ul> </div> </div></div>Horse Collar
<div> <div>European invention that rotates and generates electricity&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Watermill
European invention that provides directionMagnetic Compass
What Age was the clock invented?Middle Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>An early type of seismograph that was invented at China during the Middle Ages used to determine the presence and direction of an earthquake.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Seismoscope
<div> <div> <div> <div>Started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD)&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Chinese Paper Making
The first compass were made of <span class=cloze>[...]</span> in what dynasty?The first compass were made of <span class=cloze>iodestone</span> in what dynasty?<br> Han Dynasty
<div> <div> <div> <div>It comes with a spoon that shows the direction, and is often used in divination, a ritual to see and understand the future, during the Han dynasty.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Magnetic Compass
" <div> <div><div><span class=cloze>[...]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>was also developed in this time as weapons for military activities, as well as <span class=cloze>[...]</span>, followed by vigorous development of explosive weapon.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>"" <div> <div><div><span class=cloze>Cannon</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>was also developed in this time as weapons for military activities, as well as <span class=cloze>gun powder</span>, followed by vigorous development of explosive weapon.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div><br> "
<div> <div> <div> <div>Utilizes needles for medical therapy&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Ancupuncture
The first movable type printing made from pottery was utilized where? What time period?China; Middle Age<br>
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the middle ages, this is use to carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Wheel Barrow
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Who were the ones to <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">divide a year in 12 months?</span></div> </div> </div></div>"India
<div> <div> <div> <div>Science of smelting&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Metallurgy
<div> <div> <div> <div>Established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Ayurveda / Ayurvedic medicine&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
What is the main goal of Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine?<div> <div> <div> <div>Main goal is not to fight diseases but to promote good health&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>An Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Christopher Columbus
Flourishing civilizations in America- Maya<br>- Aztec<br>- Inca
Ancient nature of Central AmericaMaya
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Excelled at <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, </span>and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">mathematics</span>, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">architecture and symbolic artwork</span>.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Mayans
"<div> <div> <div> <div>They made <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">pyramids </span>made out of limestone as a display of their architectural prowess.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Mayans
What did Mayans used as monetary units?Cocoa Beans
The most noteworthy invention of the Mayans that sparked intrigue and even fear some 10 years ago (2012).&nbsp;Mayan Solar Calendar
"<div> <div> <div> <div>They recorded <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">astronomical observations in stone sculptures.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"Aztec
Aztec practiced farming by <span class=cloze>[...]</span>Aztec practiced farming by <span class=cloze>slash and burn</span><br> <div> <div> <div> <div>A process of clearing forested lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create a land for agriculture.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Slash and Burn
Peculiar ritual of the AztecsHuman Sacrifice
<div> <div> <div> <div>Aztec used <span class=cloze>[...]</span> and sliced open the chests of the sacrificial humans and offered their still beating hearts to their gods.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Aztec used <span class=cloze>razor-sharp obsidian blades</span> and sliced open the chests of the sacrificial humans and offered their still beating hearts to their gods.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "<div> <div> <div> <div>Contrary to the Aztecs’ slash and burn technique, they utilized more advanced farming method which was <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">terraces farming</span>, just like what the Igorots did in Benguet.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Inca
<div> <div> <div> <div>They built irrigation canals to provide access to stream water along with retaining walls which deflected heat during the hot days but trapped it in at night, preventing crops from dying from frostbite during the bitterly cold highland evenings.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Inca
What animal wool did the Incas used to make their clothes? (2)Llamas&nbsp;<br>Alpacas
<div> <div> <div> <div>Who worked out that it was possible to save the lives of their injured men using a primitive form of brain surgery?</div> </div> </div></div>Inca
Basic anesthetics used by Incas during their brain surgery<div> <div> <div> <div>- Coca</div><div>- Tobacco</div><div>- Alcohol&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>The name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Scientific Revolution
<div> <div> <div> <div>It replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Scientific Revolution
<div> <div> <div> <div>Characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Scientific Revolution
<div> <div> <div> <div>The establishment of printing machine in this era paved the way for the faster spread of new ideas and discoveries.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Scientific Revolution
Characteristics of a Scientist (3)"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">- creativity</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">- curiosity</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">- critical thinking&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun and argued that earth turned daily on its axis.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Nicolaus Copernicus
Geocentrism&nbsp;Nicolas Copernicus
<div> <div> <div> <div>3 laws of planetary motion<br></div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div><ul><li>Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus&nbsp;</li><li>Area law </li><li>Harmonic law</li></ul></div> </div> </div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>The time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Area Law
<div> <div> <div> <div>There is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets’ periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Harmonic Law
<div> <div> <div> <div>In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Isaac Newton
<div> <div> <div> <div>In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Isaac Newton
<div> <div> <div> <div>In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Isaac Newton
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">“On the Origin of Species.”&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"Charles Darwin
Theory of Evolution states that ...<div> <div> <div> <div>Diverse groups of animals evolve from one or a few common ancestors by natural selection.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>An Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Sigmund Freud
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Revolved around the three components of the mind, namely the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">id, ego, and superego.&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>""Freud's Theory of Personality&nbsp;"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Made up of the unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Id
<div> <div> <div> <div>Mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Ego
<div> <div> <div> <div>&nbsp;Composed of people’s internalized ideals (what is right and what is wrong) acquired from parents and society and works to suppress the impulsive urges.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Superego
<div> <div> <div> <div>Marked a period of development in the latter period of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Industrial Revolution
<div> <div> <div> <div>The time when the manufacture of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories. This brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Industrial Revolution
"<div> <div> <div> <div>This revolution started in the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Great Britain.&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"Industrial Revolution
Three laws of Motion- Inertia<br>- Acceleration&nbsp;<br>- Interaction
<div> <div> <div> <div>Who is the first European to successfully use movable type printing?</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Johannes Gutenberg&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>How do you call the books printed using the presses in the beginning of the Gutenberg era?</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Incunabula </span>(cradle or birthplace)&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>What is the first book of any note to be printed with movable type printer?</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Gutenberg’s bible&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
"When was the Gutenberg's Bible published?"1456
<div> <div> <div> <div>When was democracy born and made an effect on society?</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Gutenberg Revolution&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
"<div> <div> <div> <div>This revolution’s hallmark was the use of computers, internet, and other information technologies such as the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">World Wide Web</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Post-Gutenberg Revolution
<div> <div> <div> <div>In this revolution, the passing of information is much easier compared to the previous ones (e.g. via printing machines).&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Post-Gutenberg Revolution
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Began around the 1970s and is still going on today. It is also known as the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">computer age, digital age, </span>or <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">new media age</span>.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Information Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>This era brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Information Age
<div> <div> <div> <div>This brought about changes in the society from traditionally industrialized to one reliant on information computerization.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Information Age
<div> <div>When was the modern computer born out of the urgent necessity after the 2nd world war?<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Rise of the Digital Age
" <div> <div>Who designed a device called <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">analytical engine </span>earlier in the <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">1830’</span>s?<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"Charles Babbage
<div> <div>Belief that various objects, places, and creatures possess distinctive spiritual qualities.<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Animism
<div> <div>Spirit that associates with human between their worlds; they believe that spirits take control of what occurs in their surroundings.&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Diwata
<div> <div> <div> <div>Own script system of the Filipinos used </div> <div>for messages and letters.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Baybayin
<div> <div> <div>Number of geographically scattered, self-sufficient, autonomous communities present all over the archipelago before Spaniards came.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>Barangay
"<div> <div> <div> <div>For about 40,000 years, they made simple <span class=cloze>[...]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>but eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling and polishing hard stones.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div>For about 40,000 years, they made simple <span class=cloze>tools or weapons of stone flakes</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>but eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling and polishing hard stones.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "
<div> <div> <div> <div>Later on Filipinos learned to make metal tools and implements <span class=cloze>[...]</span><b>&nbsp;</b></div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Later on Filipinos learned to make metal tools and implements <span class=cloze>copper, gold, bronze, and iron.</span><b>&nbsp;</b></div> </div> </div></div><br> <div> <div> <div> <div>Excavations of Philippine graves and work sites have yielded <span class=cloze>[...]</span>&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div>Excavations of Philippine graves and work sites have yielded <span class=cloze><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">iron slags</span>.</span>&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "
<div> <div>Transportation used in Pre-colonial period for coastal trade.<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>Boats
<div> <div> <div>The early Spanish chroniclers took note of the refined warship, these boats were well suited for inter-island trade raids.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>Caracoa
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, the early FIlipinos were able to grow crops such as <span class=cloze>[...]</span></div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, the early FIlipinos were able to grow crops such as <span class=cloze>rice, cotton, and other vegetables&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div><br> During the pre-colonial period, where do Filipinos stay for settlement? (2)- Coastal Areas<br>- Mountain Areas
During the pre-colonial period, this area is exposed to re sophisticated technology.Coastal Areas
During the pre-colonial period, this area sticked to hunting.Mountain Areas
"During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos were <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">raising&nbsp;</span><span class=cloze>[...]</span>""During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos were <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">raising&nbsp;</span><span class=cloze>swine, goats and fowls&nbsp;</span><br> "
During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos make (4)&nbsp;<span class=cloze>[...]</span>"During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos make (4)&nbsp;<span class=cloze><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">wine, vinegar and salt, weaving cloth&nbsp;</span></span><br> "
<div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos were producing<span class=cloze>[...]</span></div> </div> </div>" <div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos were producing<span class=cloze>b<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">eeswax, honey,&nbsp;</span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">vegetables, cotton&nbsp;</span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">and growing rice</span></span></div> </div> </div><br> "
During pre-colonial period, Filipinos were mining&nbsp;<span class=cloze>[...]</span>During pre-colonial period, Filipinos were mining&nbsp;<span class=cloze>Gold</span><br> During the pre-colonial period, this is the material the bees used to construct the walls of their hives, and this material was historically used in creating statues, bronze preservation, and even treating burns and wounds.&nbsp;Beeswax
"<div> <div> <div> <div>Tools were found in the house of <span class=cloze>[...]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>in Manila that proved the sophistication of the Filipinos living in the now Metro Manila.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div>Tools were found in the house of <span class=cloze>Raja Soliman</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>in Manila that proved the sophistication of the Filipinos living in the now Metro Manila.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "
"<div> <div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, some tools found were <span class=cloze>[...]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>(for table display), <span class=cloze>[...]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>(for storage of food and other materials), <span class=cloze>[...]</span> (used in warfare called <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Lantaka</span>), and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">handwoven blankets</span>.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div>During the pre-colonial period, some tools found were <span class=cloze>copper</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>(for table display), <span class=cloze>porcelain jars</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">&nbsp;</span>(for storage of food and other materials), <span class=cloze>iron</span> (used in warfare called <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Lantaka</span>), and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">handwoven blankets</span>.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "
During the Spanish Regime, this kind of education was higly religous in nature.Primary Education
" <div> <div> <div style=""display: inline !important;"">Provided by schools set up by the&nbsp;</div>different religious orders and limited to the elite of the colonial society<ul> </ul> </div> </div>"Higher Education
College founded by Jesuits in Cebu CityColegio de San Ildefonso (1595)
College founded by the DominicansColegio de San Juan de Letran (1640)
<div> <div> <div> <div>On the Spanish Regime, this were given in the 19th century, and included Science subjects </div> <div>such as physics, chemistry, natural history and mathematics.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div>B.A. degreee, <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Bachiller en Artes&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Was pursued for the priesthood or for clerical positions in the colonial administration.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Higher Education&nbsp;
<div> <div> <div> <div>Was able to specialize in Ophthalmology in Spain and Germany.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Jose Rizal
<div> <div> <div> <div>Studied Engineering in Belgium.</div> </div> </div></div>Jose Alejandrino
<div> <div> <div> <div>Was able to study Medicine in Madrid</div> </div> </div></div>Graciano Apacible
<div> <div> <div> <div>- Had a chance to get a degree in Pharmacy in Madrid&nbsp;</div><div>- He was considered as one of the fiercest military men of his time.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Antonio Luna
<div> <div> <div> <div>Spaniards employed this system in which barangays were organized into fewer but larger more compact towns within the area of church bells.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Reduccion System
" <div> <div> <div style=""display: inline !important;"">also known as <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Teniente del&nbsp;</span></div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Barrio </span>in Spanish, was the leader or chief of a barangay&nbsp;<ul> </ul> </div> </div>""<div> <div> <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Cabezas de barangay&nbsp;</span><br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>After whom the Philippines was named, he decreed that the native nobility of the country should retain the honors and privileges they had before their conversion and subjection to the Spanish Crown.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">King Philip II of Spain<br> </span></div> </div> </div></div>"
The head of the town during the Spanish Regime."<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Gobernadorcillo or Capitan Municipal&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Was created by royal decree but was only able to open in July 1889.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Manila School of Agriculture
<div> <div> <div> <div>This was largely due to the dependence of the Spanish colonizers on the profits from the <span class=cloze>[...]</span>, which lasted from 1565 to 1813.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div>This was largely due to the dependence of the Spanish colonizers on the profits from the <span class=cloze><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Galleon </span>or <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Manila- Acapulco trade</span></span>, which lasted from 1565 to 1813.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><br> "
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the Spanish Regime, Manila prospered as the <span class=cloze>[...]</span></div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>During the Spanish Regime, Manila prospered as the <span class=cloze>entrepot of the Orient&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div><br> " <div> <div> <div>- Aimed to provide free primary education to Filipinos&nbsp;</div><div>- Utilized <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">English </span>as the <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Primary mode of</span></div></div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Department of Public Instruction<br> </span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Was established by the Americans and became the training ground for Filipino teachers.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>Phillipine Normal School (PNS)
Why was Philippine Normal School (PNS) called normal?<div> <div> <div> <div>Because its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms.</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> Private School Act that recognizes the increasing number of private schools as educational institutions.&nbsp;</div></div></div> </div> </div>"<div> <div> <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Private School Act No. 2076&nbsp;</span><br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"
<div> <div> <div>Established to look into matters of improvement of private schools’ educational machinery&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Office of private education<br> </span></div> </div> </div></div>"
"<div> <div> <div> <div>For promotion of scientific research in the country, the Americans established the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">NRCP </span>or the <span class=cloze>[...]</span></div> </div> </div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div>For promotion of scientific research in the country, the Americans established the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">NRCP </span>or the <span class=cloze>National Research Council of the Philippine Islands&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div><br> "
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div>Was one of the main tools the Americans primarily utilized to establish the development of science and technology in the Philippines.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div></div> </div> </div>Education
<div> <div>Why did the Philippines remained an exporter to U.S. of various agricultural crops and raw materials and an importer of U.S. manufactured products?<br><ol> </ol></div> </div><div> <div>Because of the free trade relations established between the two nations.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div>
"Marked the beginning of the country's transformation to a politically independent nation."Commonwealth Period
" <div> <div><div style=""display: inline !important;"">An independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for economic development and&nbsp;</div>planning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ol> </ol></div> </div>"<div> <div> National Economic and Development Authority&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div>
" <div> <div>Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation that is mandated to provide electricity to all rural areas of the Philippines by 2025 (known as <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">""missionary electrification</span>""), and to manage water resources for power generation, and to optimize the use of other power generating assets.&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div>"<div> <div> National Power Corporation&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div>
" <div> <div><div style=""display: inline !important;"">An agency of the Philippine Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the accelerated growth and&nbsp;</div>development of the fiber industry in the Philippines, such as abaca, also known as Manila hemp and cotton.&nbsp;<ol> </ol></div> </div>"<div> <div> Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div>
<div> <div> The goal of the Commonwealth period is for the Philippines <span class=cloze>[...]</span>&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div> <div> <div> The goal of the Commonwealth period is for the Philippines <span class=cloze>to achieve economic self-reliance.</span>&nbsp;<br><ol> </ol></div> </div><br> " <div> <div> The period since independence gave birth to learning <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">institutions&nbsp;</span><span class=cloze>[...]</span><br><ol> </ol></div> </div>"" <div> <div> The period since independence gave birth to learning <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">institutions&nbsp;</span><span class=cloze><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Department of Education and Culture (now, DepEd) </span>and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Department of Science and Technology (DOST)</span>.&nbsp;</span><br><ol> </ol></div> </div><br> "
<div> <div> <div> <div>During the period of independence, it supervises the&nbsp; academic institutions<br> </div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Department of Education and Culture&nbsp;</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">(DepEd)&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div>"
<div> <div> <div>During the period of independence, they respond to increasing demands for Science and Technology.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>DOST
<div> <div> <div>make certain that all the S&amp;T endeavors are directed toward the realization of economic and social benefits of mankind&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>Harmonized National R&amp;D Agenda (HNRDA)
<div> <div> <div> <div>Matatag, maginhawa at Panatag na buhay&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>AmBisyon Natin 2020
One of the three pillars that enhance the social fabric.&nbsp;Malasakit
One of the three pillars the reduce inequality&nbsp;Pagbabago
One of the three pillars that increase potential growthKaunlaran
<div> <div> <div> <div>The HNRDA is organized into 5 sectors:</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div><ol><li>NIBRA</li><li>HRDA</li><li>AANR</li><li>IEET</li><li>DRRCCA&nbsp;</li></ol></div> </div> </div>
<div> <div> - &nbsp;Water security</div><div>- &nbsp;Food and Nutrition security</div><div>- &nbsp;Health sufficiency</div><div>- &nbsp;Clean energy</div><div>- &nbsp;Sustainable community<br>- &nbsp;Inclusive Nation-building&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div><div> <div> <div> <div>NIBRA (National Integrated Basic Research Agenda)</div> </div> </div></div>
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">TUBIG </span>Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)<br> </div> </div> </div></div>"Water Security
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">SAPAT </span>Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa Lahat)&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Food and Nation Security
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">LIKAS </span>Program (Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)<br> </div> </div> </div></div>"Health Sufficiency&nbsp;
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">ALERT </span>Program (Alternative Energy Research Trends)<br> </div> </div> </div></div>"Clean Energy
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">SAKLAW </span>Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)<br> </div> </div> </div></div>"Sustainable Community
"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">ATIN </span>program (Ang Tinig Natin)&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"Inclusive Nation-bulding
<div> <div> <div> <div>The collaborating agencies for health research and development agenda are the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) under the DOST and the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA).&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Health Research and Development Agenda&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>- It is the national roadmap for health research in the Philippines;&nbsp;</div><div>- It provides focus and direction for health research and development efforts;&nbsp;</div><div>- It guides policy makers, funding and donor agencies and researchers;&nbsp;</div><div>- It provides evidence-based solutions to pressing health problems; and&nbsp;</div><div>- It serves as basis for maximizing resource utilization and minimizing duplication of research efforts.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA)&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>Sector that supports the use of advanced and emerging technologies such as biotechnology, genomics, bioinformatics, nanotechnology, nuclear technology, space technology, electronics and automation, and ICT as R&amp;D tools to find S&amp;T solutions to AANR problems or develop new products with significant potential impact to the sector.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Agriculture Aquatic and Natural Resources (AANR)</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>Focus on food and nutrition security, countryside development, competitive industry, delivery of social services, intelligent transport solutions, renewable energy and energy storage solutions, and human security.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD-DOST)&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Directed toward observation and monitoring networks, technology development and application for monitoring, modelling and simulation for improvement of monitoring and forecasting; hazards vulnerability and risk assessment; warning and communication of information; technology development and application for climate change mitigation and adaptation; and technology development and application for disaster risk management.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> <div> <div>Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRRCCA)</div> </div> </div></div>
<div> <div> <div> <div>Known as the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009 which aims to provide a framework and support system for the ownership, management, use and commercialization of intellectual property resulting from research and development funded by the government.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">&nbsp;Republic Act 10055&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Known as Science Act of 1958 which focuses on the integration, coordination, and intensification of scientific and technological research and development and fostering inventions, to provide funds and for other purposes.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Republic Act 2067&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> Launched to motivate Filipinos to come back to Philippines to share their expertise.&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"<div> <div> <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Balik Scientist Program&nbsp;</span><br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>"
<div> <div> <div>- Has been tried in the fields of Pulilan, Bulacan; Victoria and Los Baños in Laguna; Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, and Iloilo.<br> </div><div>- This was distributed to farmers for free in 2016.&nbsp;</div><div>- This 50-million worth program will benefit at least 30,000 hectares of our rice lands.&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Cara-vita organic fertilizer<br> </span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Created to enhance the efficiency of public mass transportation systems&nbsp;</div> </div> </div></div><div> <div> Electric Train project&nbsp;<br><ul> </ul> </div> </div>
" <div> <div> <div style=""display: inline !important;"">More accurate and responsive disaster </div><div>prevention mitigation system&nbsp;</div><ul> </ul> </div> </div>""<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazard)&nbsp;</span></div> </div> </div></div>"
<div> <div> <div>3D mapping program that uses LIDAR system to effectively and accurately measure critical flood elevation and depth&nbsp;</div> </div> </div>"<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">DREAM (Disaster Risk and Exposure Assessment for Mitigation Program)</span></div> </div> </div></div>"