THE EVOLUTION OF CANIS LUPUS FAMILIA RIS IN OTHER NAMES … THEY ARE ALSO CALLED DOGS :D By Harrison 8-7, Vincent 8-7, Bruce 8-7 WHAT ARE DOGS? πΆ Family Canidae, Order Carnivora Evolved from the Grey wolf into 400+ species Great Companion for humans, live in nearly all habitats, became useful from being police dogs for ensuring safety to guide dogs for helping the blind But how come such a cute animal ever exists? ? How did it all come to be? COME EXPLORE WITH ME! CYNODICITIS If the Timeline is a h2o molecule π§ Then the story of the dog’s evolution is an Ocean π THE ANCESTOR π΄ Lived mostly in environs of Asia, similar to coyotes Appeared around 60 millions years ago The Ancestor of animals today known as canids, including dogs The Miacis Pointy ears ο listening and homeostasis Sharp Teeth ο Chew and Tear meat Camouflage (brown) --> Hide Long, thin tail ο balancing body INTERMEDIATES π¨π« Hesperocyon Lived in North America Woods/Forests 40mya Adaptations: Elongated body than before, ossicles and strong teeth, flexible tail and body, short limbs Length: 80cm, Height: 20cm, at least 28+ species evolved out INTERMEDIATES π¨π« Cynodicitis Lived in Eurasian and Africa Plains 27-37mya, wide open regions Adaptations: 2 feet long body, narrow muscles, low-slung body, unique sense of hunting, increasing leg length Given rise to 2 branches over the millennia INTERMEDIATES π¨π« Borophagus Lived in North America, especially US and Mexico 25-34mya Adaptations: strong jaw muscles, short muzzle, scavengercustom, bone-crunching skulls (extremely solid and hard) INTERMEDIATES π¨π« Leptocyon Lived in Eurasia terrestrial landforms 24mya Adaptations: Hard skull, sharp teeth, strong legs for fast movement, smaller body size INTERMEDIATES π¨π« Tomarctus Lived in North America 23mya Adaptations: powerful jaw closing muscles, great articulation, bone-cracking solid body buildup INTERMEDIATES π¨π« The Great Wolf Lived in North America and spread around world since 7mya Adaptations: heavy bone and weight, broad muzzle, curved tail tips, narrow chest, long body Near Extinction at this day ADAPTATIONS Modern Species of Dogs Intermediate Species of Dogs Has many fur giving warmth Powerful Jaw muscles / Jaw-Closing muscles Strong and acute sense of hearing and smell Long body Fewer hunting adaptations for already being domesticated Bone crunching ability with hard skulls Long Muzzle Short Muzzle Sharp and well-buttressed Canine Teeth, large jagged Molars Stronger Teeth overall Broad Chest Mostly Narrow Chest (including wolves) Similarities: Most of the dog species have a more elongated body, flexible body plan, stronger teeth, and an acute sense of the environment ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Modern Evolution Early Evolutions Most are domesticated and stay at home, can sustain itself well ο has many fur giving warmth Harsh environment, need to survive ο stronger jaws, protective fur covering Widely used as military dogs, polices dogs, or guide dogs; go into rough, unsafe terrains ο strong and acute sense of hearing and smell Prevent from being preyed ο Camouflage, a comparatively lighter body Sustainable life with owner, enough food, few hunting ο Fewer hunting body adaptations Scavenging food in the wildand retrieve the mallow from bones ο Bone crunching ability with hard skulls Stay at home, larger in size, consume more food ο Long Muzzle Less food retrieved, smaller bodyο Short Muzzle Eat a lot of meat, sometimes catch prey in the forest /wild ο Sharp and well-buttressed Canine Teeth Need to quickly consume prey and harshly hunt them down ο sharper teeth overall Stay in one location of residence/terrain/climate, move less, sustainable climate ο Broad Chest Mobility around mountains/forests/plains ο Narrow Chest Similarities: Most of the dog species still have strong teeth for adaptation living in a specific terrain in the wild NOW π Canis Lupus Familiaris Lives everywhere now around, from 2mya to now Adaptations: Broad chest, strong sensing nose, hollow and clear ears, fur that give warmth, sharp and well buttressed canine teeth, Triangular shaped nose, Special paws for each, large jagged molars at back FUTURE EVOLUTION! More dogs are domesticated and not acting in their original purpose of hunting, guiding, or traveling/ranching. This gradually decreases aggressiveness of the species and devaluates adaptations used for such purposes Canis Lupus Familiaris Result: threaten dog’s well-being, dogs of longer lifetime, flat and bold teeth, wider chests, generally larger size, more adaptations for homeostasis, less hunting adaptations Humans originally took advantage of dogs as hunting partners but reduces their status as predatory animals again by domesticating and providing all needed living conditions CONCLUSION The dog is a domestic mammal of the family Canidae and a subspecies of grey wolf as its evolution line has come from it, with 7 major species in total: Miacis, Cynodicitis, Hesperocyon, Borophagus, Leptocyon, and Tomarctus. The living environments have changed over the 60+ millions of years, and so has the adaptation of the dogs species varied. Before, dogs used to have more adaptations for hunting, but gradually then to bone-crunching adaptations for scavenging and strong senses passed down only for domesticating and living in a residential location. This change has greatly affected the species’ development while we humans use this advantage over the thousands of years and now to use dogs as hunting partners, experimental subjects, genetics experiments, human companions, and service dogs to the public. As the evolution process is amazing and seemingly impossible, dogs come to be today the warm, friendly, and loyal companions of humans where their future depends on the environment that they will live in! :D
