Laboratory #1 – Kirchhoff’s Laws
Introduction
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed
path equals zero.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of all the currents at a node is zero
(i.e. current entering a node has opposite sign to the current leaving the node).
This experiment studies these two laws using Electronics Workbench, rather than with actual
hardwired circuit.
Objectives
1. Voltage and current measurements in a dc circuit.
2. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws.
Figure 1: Resistive circuit #1
Procedure
1. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1 using Electronic Workbench. Choose the values for
resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and the battery according to the assigned values by your lab instructor.
2. Measure the voltages VAB, VBC, VAD, VDC, VBD, VAC. Enter the values in Table 1. (note the
polarities of the voltages).
1245
VAB
Measured
values
4V
VBC
8V
VAD
VDC
VBD
6.67V
5.33V
2.67V
Table 1: Voltage measurements
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VAC
12V
3. Measure the currents IAB, ICB, IAD, ICD, IFA. Enter the values in Table 2.
(note the directions of the currents).
IAB
Measured
values
4mA
ICB
IAD
-4mA
ICD
1.33mA
-1.33mA
IFA
5.33mA
Table 2: Current measurements
4. Verify KCL by adding the currents at nodes A, B, C, D. Enter your results in Table 3.
A
Measured
values
Ifa=Iab+Iad
5.33=4+1.3
3
B
Iab = Ifa - Iad
4 = 5.33 - 1.33
C
D
Ice = Idc + Ibc
5.33 = 1.33+4
Iad=Ifa – Iab
1.33=5.33-4
Table 3: Sum of currents at nodes
5. Calculate the voltages around the following loops and record them in Table 4.
ABCEFA
Measure
d values
0V
ABDA
4V-6.67V=-2.67V
BDCB
8-5.33=3.33 0V
Table 4: Voltages around loop
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ABCDA
Figure 2: Resistive circuit #2
6. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 2. Use the same values for resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and
the battery from Resistive circuit #1.
7. Measure the voltages VAB, VBD, VFC, VCE, VAD, VFE. Enter the values in Table 5. (note the
polarities of the voltages).
Measured
values
VAB
VBD
VFC
VCE
2.77V
9.23V
2.77V
9.23V
VAD
12V
VFE
12V
Table 5: Voltage measurements
8. Measure the currents IAB, IFC, IBC, IBD, ICE, IAD. Enter the values in Table 6.
(note the directions of the currents).
IAB
Measured
values
2.77mA
IFC
1.38mA
IBC
0.46mA
IBD
ICE
2.31mA
IAD
1.85mA
Table 6: Current measurements
9. Verify KCL by adding the currents at nodes A, B, C, D. Enter your results in Table 7.
A
Measured
values
-Iad-Ifc-Iab=0
X-1.38-2.77=0
B
Iab - Ibd - Ibc = 0
2.77-2.31-0.46=0
C
IBc + IDc – Ice Iad – idc =
= 0.46 + 1.39 1.39 – 1.39
– 1.85 = 0
Table 7: Sum of currents at nodes
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