Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – 11/12
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First Quarter – Module 2: Defining Culture, Society and Politics
First Edition, 2020
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Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics
Quarter 1- Module 2
Defining Culture, Society and Politics
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Table of Contents
Module 2- Defining Culture, Society and Politics
1
What I Need to Know
1
What I know
2
Lesson 1 – The Concept of Culture, Society and Politics
3
Activity 1.1
Exploring Community Wonders!
4
Activity1.2
Culture Imagi-hibit!
5
Lesson Concept
6
Activity1.3
Think, Pair and Share
7
Activity 1.4
Draw or Pics?
8
Activity1.5
Essay Writing
9
Lesson 2 – Perspective to the Study of Culture, Society and Politics
10
Activity 2.1
Fill It!
11
Activity 2.2
Share-Perience
12
Activity 2.3
Meet Up!
14
Activity 2.4
Just Saying..
15
Activity 2.5
React-Say!
15
Activity 2.6
Let’s Reflect
16
Activity 2.7
Trip Ko to!
17
What I have Learned
18
Assessment
19
Glossary
20
Answer Key
21
References
22-24
Defining Culture, Society and Politics
What I Need to Know
Learners, how’s your day? I hope you will be excited to scrutinized, read and
learn the best that you could at your convenience. Did you ever heard the news in
your local TV station or heard in radio station about what’s happening in your
society? Can you think what was that? Do you ever wonder the reason behind why it
happened or you just don’t care at all? Perhaps, the answers will be on this module
to give you an idea about it. Let’s work it on together.
This module will definitely give you an idea about the concept, perspective
and approaches to the study of culture, society and politics. How they are connected
to come up a kind of society whom you lived. You will learn also the different aspects
of culture and be aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism.
Society has a culture, no matter how simple that culture may be. Day-to-day
we interact with each other and develop social relationships. He needs other people
who can provide him with the needed opportunities so he can translate these
potentialities into realities called achievement. These accomplishments not only help
him achieve self-actualization but also make him a contributing member of his
society (Zulueta & Maglaya, 2005 p.50).
Lastly, it will help you to be more tolerant and appreciative of other people the
way they are both physically and culturally, thus, appreciation of diversity follows.
By the end of the lesson, you will have been able to:





explain anthropological and sociological perspectives on culture and society
describe society and culture as a complex whole
identify aspects of culture and society
raise questions toward a holistic appreciation of cultures and societies
become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism
To attain the goals of this module, please do the following;




Read and understand the lessons carefully
Instruction should be follow in each given task
Tests and activities should be answer diligently and patiently
Familiarize yourselves with the terms given
1
What I Know
As an initial activity, you will be assess on your understanding of defining
culture, society and politics.
Directions: Read carefully and write the correct answer on your notebook.
____ 1. It is a study that focus in society.
a. Anthropology
b. Society
c. Sociology
d. Zoology
____ 2. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined
territorial boundaries.
a. Society
b. Culture
c. Politics
d. Community
____ 3. A belief that all cultures as equally complex.
a. Cultural Relativism
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Folkways
d. Essentialism
____ 4. It is called the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour.
a. Anthropology
b. History
c. Sociology
d. Psychology
____ 5. Which of the following are not examples of material culture?
a. Tools
b. Economic Goods
c. Attitudes
d. Vehicles
____ 6. It consists of tangible things such as technological tools, architectural
structures, fashion and accessories, and food.
a. Non-material Culture
b. Folkways
c. Cultural Shock
d. Material Culture
____ 7. The following statement are the aspects of culture except
a. Shared and contested
b. Cumulative
c. Patterned social interactions
d. Transmitted through socialization
____ 8. The following are examples of non-material culture except one:
a. Behaviour
b. Thoughts
c. Feelings
d. Artifacts
____ 9. It is called the totality of what man has learned as a member of society.
a. Politics
b. Physiology
c. Sociology
d. Culture
____ 10. What do you call about judging other cultures by the standards of your own,
assuming your own culture to be the best.
a. Cultural Variation
b. Enculturation
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Sociological Imagination
2
Lesson 1
LLl
The Concepts of Culture, Society and
Politics
Content Standard
Performance Standard
Learning Competency
1. The concepts of culture, society and politics
2. Perspectives in approaches to the study of culture,
society, and politics (i.e., comparative, historical,
structural-functional, interpretive, critical)
1. Appreciate the nature of culture and society from the
perspective of anthropology and sociology
2. Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and
Society
3. Value cultural heritage and express pride of place
without being ethnocentric
1. Explain anthropological and sociological perspectives
on culture and society
2. Describe society and culture as a complex whole
3
What is Culture?
- is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person
learns and shares as a member of society (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).
What is it?
Activity 1.1 Exploring Community-Wonders!!!
Directions: Write down what you have been observed in your society
when it comes to the following enumerated below.
Examples
C
U
L
T
U
R
E
Working Schedules
1.
Songs
Clothes and
Dressing
Religion
2.
Manners
5.
C
Food
6.
I
Celebrations
7.
E
Folk Art
8.
T
Trends
9.
Y
Medical care
10.
S
3.
O
4.
Y
Forms of Culture


Material (Tangible) – formed by the physical objects that people create
ex. cars, clothing, books, buildings, computers, tools, economic
goods, property, artifacts, non-symbolic
Non-material (Intangible) – abstract human creations (can’t touch it)
ex. language, family patterns, work practices, ideas, rules,
values, ideals, symbols, patterns of thinking, political and
economic system
4
What’s More?
Activity 1.2 Culture Imagi-hibit!
Directions: Identify what forms of culture enumerated below.
Put a check ( / ) inside the column where it belonged.
Tangible
Intangible
1. A reincarnation belief
2. House and lot
3. Suffrage
4. Rizal’s Monument
5. Democracy
Diagram 1 Concept Map Analysis
It shows the contained ideas about culture…
Habits
Beliefs, Knowledge
Laws
Groups
Behavior, Morals
People
Society
Organizations
CULTURE
5
Lifestyle, Politics
Institution
Customs
Faith, Values, Art
Lesson Concept
Society
– refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined
territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs,
traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate
behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture
(Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).
Anthropology
- study man in his entirely
- is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,
his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6).
Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and
explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and
analyses his behaviour as a member of society (Zulueta & Maglaya, 2005 p. 40).
Sociology
focus study is society
is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses
human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make-up. It may
focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships,
social organization, social structures, and social processes (Palispis, 2009 p. 3)
Politics
- any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship
of power and authority where conflicts occurs (Robert Dahl, 1984 p. 13).
- means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be
creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or at least, some
purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be carried on at all” (Crick 1982, 2122).
6
What’s In?
Activity 1.3 Think, Pair and Share
Directions: Write down on the table your observation or perspective
about anthropological and sociological study on culture and society based on
what you have understood about the contained ideas in the Concept Map
Analysis in Diagram 1 on page 5.
Anthropological
Perspective
Sociological Perspective
CULTURE
SOCIETY
7
Culture - is a complex whole which include knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,
customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Types of Society
Primitive
it means belonging to a
society in which people
live in a very simple
way, usually without
industries.
Rural
a society in which there is a
low ratio of inhabitants to
open land and in which the
most important economic
activities are the production of
foodstuff, fibres, and raw
materials
Urban
a society that is typical of
modern
industrial
civilization
and
heterogeneous in cultural
tradition, that emphasizes
secular values, and that is
individualized rather than
integrated contrasted with
folk society
What’s New?
Activity 1.4 Draw or Pics?
Directions: As defined above, draw or take pictures of the 3 types of each
society according to your observation or what you’ve seen of the kind of culture they
have. Describe the difference.
Rubrics
Creativity
Thoughts and ideas
Presentation
20
20
10
Total 50 pts.
8
Elements of Culture
Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true
Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality
reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or
non-material
Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a
person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of
the time, place, or situation.
What I have Learned?
Activity 1.5 Essay Writing
Directions: As shown in your drawing or pictures on page 08,
describe the culture of each society. Why does each society had a different culture
from one another? What makes them a complex whole? If given a chance to choose
where would you rather live, in an urban, rural or primitive society? Why?
Rubric in Essay Writing
Form, Content and Insight
Presentation and Style
Accuracy
Fairness
Methodology
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 5
- 7
Total
35 pts.
9
Lesson 2
Perspective to the Study of Culture,
Society and Politics
Content Standard
Performance Standard
Learning Competency
1. The concepts of culture, society and politics
2. Perspectives in approaches to the study of culture,
society, and politics (i.e., comparative, historical,
structural-functional, interpretive, critical)
1. Appreciate the nature of culture and society from the
perspective of anthropology and sociology
2. Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and
Society
3. Value cultural heritage and express pride of place
without being ethnocentric
1. Raise questions toward a holistics appreciation of
cultures and societies
2. Become aware of why and how cultural relativism
mitigates Ethnocentrism
3. Identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and
the threats to these
What are the ASPECTS OF CULTURE?
Below are collage pictures showing the reality of an aspects of culture that
support the development of man’s social interaction.
1. Culture are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive
2. Culture are shared and contested
3. Culture are learned through socialization or enculturation
4. Culture is patterned social interaction
5. Culture is integrated and at times unstable
6. Culture is transmitted through socialization
7. Culture requires language and other forms of communication
10
Image source: https//www.googleimages.com
What is It!
Activity 2.1 Fill It!
Directions: Identify the following aspects of culture if it is visible or
non-visible, put (/) to the column where it belonged
Visible
Non-Visible
1. Food
2. Ethics
3. Festivals
4. Beliefs
5. Values
11
What’s More!
Activity 2.2 Share-Perience!
Directions: Give your own experience or observation to describe the aspects
of culture in column A, write your answers in column B as your evidence.
Column A
(Aspects of Culture)
Column B
(Prevalent in Society)
ex. Father showing his son how to catch
fish.
1. Transmitted through socialization
2. Shared and contested
3. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive
4. Requires language and other forms
of communication.
5. Patterned social interactions
6. Learned through socialization or
Enculturation
7. Integrated and at times unstable
12
What I can Do?
Activity 2.3 Meet Up!
Directions: An individual research, interview a nearest person to you
who is a member of IP or a Meranao and ask them about how they cope up
modernity as they entered a new phase of their lives as for their work,
creating a family and lifestyle. Have it documented through visual or audio
recorded and share it in the class.
Rubric in Essay Writing
Form, Content and Insight
Presentation and Style
Accuracy
Fairness
Methodology
Total
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 5
- 7
35 pts.
13
Ethnocentrism
It is a perception that arises from the fact
that cultures differ and each culture defines
reality differently.
Judging another culture solely by the
values and standards of one’s own culture
Cultural Relativism
The attempt to judge behaviour according
to its cultural context.
The principle that an individual person’s
beliefs and activities should be understood
by others in terms of that individual’s own
culture
Image source: https.//www.googleimages.com
What Is It?
Activity 2.4 Just Saying!
Directions: Identify the following if it showing an idea/acting of
ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write your answers on the space
provided.
--------------------- 1. Even if she’s not fair complexion, black is still beautiful!
____________ 2.
____________ 3.
____________ 4.
____________ 5.
____________ 6.
____________ 7.
____________ 8.
____________ 9.
___________ 10.
Were right, everyone else is wrong. Were better than you!
Mmmm… perfect! Really, our menu is the best among the rest.
We are destined to spread the word of God not them.
Our heroic ancestors, the best among the rest!
Prostitution is illegal in our country yet legal in Germany.
Abortion in the Philippines is illegal while in Singapore is legal.
We are the richest and influential country in the world!
Exclusive for Filipinos only!
Fried worms is disgusting in our taste but I now understand why
they loved it!
14
What I have Learned?
Activity 2.5 React-Say!
Directions: Write your answer in the box-space provided. A minimum of 100
words. Is there such a superior or inferior culture? Why?
Rubric in Essay Writing
Form, Content and Insight
Presentation and Style
Accuracy
Fairness
Methodology
Total
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 5
- 7
35 pts.
15
What I can Do?
Activity 2.6 Let’s Reflect!
Directions: Inside the box, write your reflection by completing the openended phrase on what you’ve learned about the difference between ethnocentrism
and cultural relativism. How valuable to inculcate cultural relativism in a diverse
culture we have. Why?
I learned that …
I realized that …
In the future …
Rubric in Essay Writing
Form, Content and Insight
Presentation and Style
Accuracy
Fairness
Methodology
Total
- 10
- 5
- 8
- 5
- 7
35 pts.
16
What I can Do?
Activity 2.7 Trip Ko To!
Directions: You are going to roam around within your community observe
and list down of tangible and intangible heritage. Take sample pictures so that
you can review the happenings during the trip, you can use it in making your
reflection. After the trip make a narrative report with picture for submission to
the teacher.
Words need to define?
Tangible – easily seen or recognized, able to be touched or felt
Intangible – not made of physical substance: not able to be touched: not
tangible
Heritage – the traditions, achievements, beliefs, that are part of history of a
group or nation
Threats – the possibility that something bad or harmful could happen
Assessment: Reflective essay (100 words)
Directions: You are going to write a reflective essay on the threats of tangible
and intangible heritage based on your trip experience. Write in A4 size bond paper.
Rubrics:
Relevance to the topic ----------------15
Thoughts and Ideas -------------------15
Total
30 pts.
17
SUMMARY
Each society differ from one another when it comes to culture. People that
make up a society usually share a common culture like language, traditions, beliefs,
laws, customs, and may use the same technologies. The shared culture will defined
that society, it will be the basis of the kind of society whom they lived. To ensure that
members of the society will behave appropriately there should be rules of conduct,
customs, traditions, folkways and mores so that there will be a peaceful and
harmonious living, thus members are felt secured and will continue to find ways to
survive. It should also be noted that there’s no such superior or inferior culture
because the people living in a society will definitely adopt themselves to the kind of
society whom they belonged in order for them that they can survived and continue
living away from any danger and famine.
18
Assessment
Directions: Read carefully and write the correct answer on your notebook.
____ 1. It is a study that focus in society.
a. Anthropology
b. Society
c. Sociology
d. Zoology
____ 2. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined
territorial boundaries.
a. Society
b. Culture
c. Politics
d. Community
____ 3. A belief that all cultures as equally complex.
a. Cultural Relativism
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Folkways
d. Essentialism
____ 4. It is called the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour.
a. Anthropology
b. History
c. Sociology
d. Psychology
____ 5. Which of the following are not examples of material culture?
a. Tools
b. Economic Goods
c. Attitudes
d. Vehicles
____ 6. It consists of tangible things such as technological tools, architectural
structures, fashion and accessories, and food.
a. Non-material Culture
b. Folkways
c. Cultural Shock
d. Material Culture
____ 7. The following statement are the aspects of culture except
a. Shared and contested
b. Cumulative
c. Patterned social interactions
d. Transmitted through socialization
____ 8. The following are examples of non-material culture except one:
a. Behaviour
b. Thoughts
c. Feelings
d. Artifacts
____ 9. It is called the totality of what man has learned as a member of society.
a. Politics
b. Physiology
c. Sociology
d. Culture
____ 10. What do you call about judging other cultures by the standards of your own,
assuming your own culture to be the best.
a. Cultural Variation
b. Enculturation
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Sociological Imagination
19
GLOSSARY
Anthropology
- study man in his entirely
- is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,
his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6).
Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and
explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and
analyses his behaviour as a member of society
Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality
Culture - is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and
everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society
Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true
Politics - any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship
of power and authority where conflicts occurs
means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be
creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or
at least, some purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be
carried on at all.”
Reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material
Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a person is
supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time,
place, or situation.
Society – refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined
territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs,
traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate
behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of
culture
Sociology
focus study is society
is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses
human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural makeup. It may focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts,
social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social
processes
20
Answer Key
Pre Test/Post Test
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. C
Activity 1.2 p. 5 Culture Imagi-hibit!
Tangible
1. A reincarnation belief
/
2. House and lot
/
3. Suffrage
/
4. Rizal’s Monument
/
5. Democracy
Activity 2.1 p. 11 Fill It!
1. Food
2. Ethics
3. Festivals
Intangible
/
Visible
Food
Ethics
Festival
4. Beliefs
5. Values
Non-Visible
Beliefs
Values
21
REFERENCES
Books
Czarina Saloma, Anne Lan Candelaria and Jose Jowel Canuday “Understanding
Culture, Society and Politics.” (DepEd 2016)
Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta
Consultant: Adelina A. Sebastian “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.”
(Educational Resources Corporation 2016)
Francisco M. Zulueta and Elda M. Maglaya “Foundations of Education.”
(National Bookstore 2005)
Gerry M. Lanuza and Sarah S. Raymundo “Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics.” (Rex Book Store 2016)
Websites
https://www.collinsdictionary.com
https://www.britannica.com
https://merriam.webster.com
https://www.googleimages.com
https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentrism&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwiX1vyHzYnnAhUOFogKHRYmC3wQ_AUoAXoECBEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=B_YU6de
Nmn9f7M:
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qR8hXpCSCMeBQbIpIy4Dw&q=cultural+relativism+pictures&oq=cultural+relativism+&gs_l=img.1.4.0l10.880.880..4783
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https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qCAhXtnZA47bhw
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https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=zyAhXrPoKoj3hwP
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https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentric+views+example&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=0ahUKEwiajYmDtzfAhWEFYgKHQ5hD1oQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=H4AiBY8YC6i4NM:
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