Practical class № 1
Subject: «The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society. Standards in the field of
ICT, Number systems. Transfer numbers from one number system to another. Arithmetic in the
number systems.»
Purpose: To acquire the skills of operations in different number systems.
There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to
another. We'll demonstrate here the following
Basic Concepts: Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extended term
forinformation technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communicationsand the
integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as
necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable
users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. Information and communications
technologies (ICT) are a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate,
and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information. Information Communications and
Technology (ICT) is a term that refers to all the hardware and software that people use to send
and receive information. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace,
computers, phones and tablets make up the term ICT. Over the past few years, the ICT sector has
grown substantially with a lot of new companies releasing new gadgets to improve how we
communicate. Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to
the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic
development, international development, and human rights. The theory behind this is, more and
better information and communication furthers the development of a society.
World experience of ICT development
Beginning in the 1980s, during the rise of the level of use of personal computers, as well as a
consequence of increased demand for software products and completing formation of the
different approaches of state policy towards the development of the ICT sector. Next, the
transition to digital telecommunications in the 1990s and the subsequent formation of the
Internet, the impetus to promote the further development of ICT in the world. A lot of
approaches to ICT development conventionally divided into two directions: the first - the
development of ICT production and services (computers, software, devices, telecommunications
and others.), In order to increase output and to strengthen ICT industry - "ICT as a
manufacturing sector "; the second - the introduction of ICTs in different sectors of the economy,
to maximize the information society and economy - "ICT as a tool of information society."
Within these two areas can be classified in the following levels of strategic approaches: the
development of the ICT sector, export-oriented; ICT sector development, oriented to the
domestic market; approach global positioning; ICT as a tool for social and economic
development. Consider these approaches on country practices. In modern society ICT is everpresent, with over three billion people having access to the Internet. With approximately 8 out of
10 Internet users owning a smartphone, information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds.
This rapid growth, especially in developing countries, has led ICT to become a keystone of
everyday life, in which life without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work and
routine tasks dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows "that
Internet use continues to grow steadily, at 6.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed countries,
8.7% in the developing world); the number of Internet users in developing countries has doubled
in five years (2009-2014), with two thirds of all people online now living in the developing
world.
Favorably, the gap between the access to the Internet and mobile coverage has decreased
substantially in the last fifteen years, in which "2015 is the deadline for achievements of the UN
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which global leaders agreed upon in the year 2000,
and the new data show ICT progress and highlight remaining gaps."ICT continues to take on
new form, with nanotechnology set to usher in a new wave of ICT electronics and gadgets. ICT
newest editions into the modern electronic world include smart watches, such as the Apple
Watch, smart wristbands such as the Nike+ FuelBand, and smart TVs such as Google TV. With
desktops soon becoming part of a bygone era, and laptops becoming the preferred method of
computing, ICT continues to insinuate and alter itself in the ever-changing globe.
Standards in the field of ICT
A new generation of components and systems
ICT1 – 2016: Smart Cyber-Physical Systems
ICT2 – 2016: Thin, Organic and Large Area Electronics
ICT3 – 2016: SSI – Smart System Integration
ICT4 – 2017: Smart Anything Everywhere Initiative
ICT5 – 2017: Customized and low energy computing
ICT6 – 2016: Cloud Computing
Number systems.
 Decimal to Other Base System
 Other Base System to Decimal
 Other Base System to Non-Decimal
 Shortcut method - Binary to Octal
 Shortcut method - Octal to Binary
 Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal
 Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary
 Decimal to Other Base System
Steps
Step 1 - Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base.
Step 2 - Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of new base
number.
Step 3 - Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.
Step 4 - Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.
Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in
Step 3. The last remainder thus obtained will be the most significant digit (MSD) of the new base
number.
Example
Decimal Number: 2910
Calculating Binary
Equivalent:
Remaind
Step Operation Result er
Step 1 29/2
14
1
Step 2 14/2
7
0
Step 3 7 / 2
3
1
Step 4 3 / 2
1
1
Step 5 1 / 2
0
1
As mentioned in Steps 2 and 4, the remainders have to be arranged in the reverse order so that
the first remainder becomes the least significant digit (LSD) and the last remainder becomes the
most significant digit (MSD).
Decimal Number: 2910 = Binary Number: 111012.
Other base system to Decimal System
Steps
 Step 1 - Determine the column (positional) value of each digit (this depends on the
position of the digit and the base of the number system).

Step 2 - Multiply the obtained column values (in Step 1) by the digits in the
corresponding columns.
 Step 3 - Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in
decimal.
Example
Binary Number: 111012
Calculating Decimal Equivalent:
Step Binary
Number
Step 1 111012
Step 2 111012
Step 3 111012
Decimal Number
((1 x 24) + (1 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21)
+(1x 20))10
(16+8+4+0+1)10
2910
Binary Number: 111012 = Decimal Number: 2910
Other Base System to Non-Decimal System
Steps
 Step 1 - Convert the original number to a decimal number (base 10).
 Step 2 - Convert the decimal number so obtained to the new base number.
Example
Octal Number: 258 Calculating Binary Equivalent: Step 1: Convert to Decimal
Step Octal Number Decimal Number
Step 1 258
((2 x 81) + (5 x 80))10
Step 2 258
(16 + 5 )10
Step 3 258
2110
Octal Number: 258 = Decimal Number:
2110
Step 2: Convert Decimal to Binary
Step Operation Result Remainder
Step 1 21/2
10
1
Step 2 10/2
5
0
Step 3 5 / 2
2
1
Step 4 2 / 2
1
0
Step 5 1 / 2
0
1
Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of three (starting from the right).
Step 2 - Convert each group of three binary digits to one octal digit.
Example
Binary Number: 101012 Calculating Octal Equivalent:
Step Binary
Octal
Number
Number
Step 1 101012 010 101
Step 2 101012 28 58
Step 3 101012 258
Step 1 - Convert each octal digit to a 3 digit binary number (the octal digits may be treated as
decimal for this conversion).
Step 2 - Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 3 digits each) into a single binary number.
Step Octal
Number
Step 1 258
Step 2 258
Step 3 258
Binary
Number
210 510
0102 1012
0101012
Step 1 - Divide the binary digits into groups of four (starting from the right).
Step 2 - Convert each group of four binary digits to one hexadecimal symbol.
Example
Binary Number: 101012 Calculating hexadecimal Equivalent:
Step Binary
Hexadecimal
Number
Number
Step 1 101012 0001 0101
Step 2 101012 110 510
Step 3 101012 1516
Step 1 - Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4 digit binary number (the hexadecimal digits may
be treated as decimal for this conversion).
Step 2 - Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 4 digits each) into a single binary number.
Example
Hexadecimal Number: 1516
Calculating Binary Equivalent:
Step Hexadecimal
Binary
Number
Number
Step 1 1516 110 510
Step 2 1516 00012 01012
Step 3 1516 000101012
Hexadecimal Number: 1516 = Binary Number: 101012
Тasks.
1. This figure in the decimal system to translate into binary, octal and hexadecimal
numbers.
2. Set this a number on the decimal system.
3. Add the numbers.
4. Perform subtraction of numbers
5. perform the multiplication operation.
Variant 1
1. а) 860(10); б) 785(10); в) 149,375(10); г) 953,25(10); д) 228,79(10).
2. а) 1001010(2); б) 1100111(2); в) 110101101,00011(2); г) 111111100,0001(2); д)
775,11(8); е) 294,3(16).
3. а) 1101100000(2) + 10110110(2); б) 101110111(2) + 1000100001(2); в)
1001000111,01(2)+100001101,101(2); г) 271,34(8)+1566,2(8); д) 65,2(16)+3CA,8(16).
4. а) 1011001001(2) – 1000111011(2); б) 1110000110(2) – 101111101(2); в)
101010000,10111(2) – 11001100,01(2); г) 731,6(8) – 622,6(8); д) 22D,1(16) –
123,8(16).
5. а) 1011001(2) ´ 1011011(2); б) 723,1(8) ´ 50,2(8); в) 69,4(16) ´ A,B(16).
6. а) 250(10); б) 757(10); в) 711,25(10); г) 914,625(10); д) 261,78(10).
7. а) 1111000(2); б) 1111000000(2); в) 111101100,01101(2); г) 100111100,1101(2); д)
1233,5(8); е) 2B3,F4(16).
8. а) 1010101(2)+10000101(2); б) 1111011101(2)+101101000(2); в)
100100111,001(2)+100111010,101(2); г) 607,54(8)+1620,2(8); д)
3BF,A(16)+313,A(16).
9. а) 1001000011(2) – 10110111(2); б) 111011100(2) – 10010100(2); в)
1100110110,0011(2) – 11111110,01(2); г) 1360,14(8) – 1216,4(8); д) 33B,6(16) –
11B,4(16).
10. а) 11001(2) ´ 1011100(2); б) 451,2(8) ´ 5,24(8); в) 2B,A(16) ´ 36,6(16).
11. а) 759(10); б) 265(10); в) 79,4375(10); г) 360,25(10); д) 240,25(10).
12. а) 1001101(2); б) 10001000(2); в) 100111001,01(2); г) 1111010000,001(2); д)
1461,15(8); е) 9D,A(16).
13. а) 100101011(2)+111010011(2); б) 1001101110(2)+1101100111(2); в)
1010000100,1(2)+11011110,001(2); г) 674,34(8)+1205,2(8); д) 2FE,6(16)+3B,4(16).
14. а) 1100110010(2) – 1001101101(2); б) 1110001100(2) – 10001111(2); в)
11001010,01(2) – 1110001,001(2); г) 641,6(8) – 273,04(8); д) 3CE,B8(16) –
39A,B8(16).
15. а) 1010101(2) ´ 1011001(2); б) 1702,2(8) ´ 64,2(8); в) 7,4(16) ´ 1D,4(16).
16. а) 216(10); б) 336(10); в) 741,125(10); г) 712,375(10); д) 184,14(10).
17. а) 1100000110(2); б) 1100010(2); в) 1011010,001(2); г) 1010100010,001(2); д)
1537,22(8); е) 2D9,8(16).
18. а) 101111111(2)+1101110011(2); б) 10111110(2)+100011100(2); в)
1101100011,0111(2)+1100011,01(2); г) 666,2(8)+1234,24(8); д) 346,4(16)+3F2,6(16).
19. а) 1010101101(2) – 110011110(2); б) 1010001111(2) – 1001001110(2); в)
1111100100,11011(2) 101110111,011(2); г) 1437,24(8) – 473,4(8); д) 24A,4(16) –
B3,8(16).
20. а) 101011(2) ´ 100111(2); б) 1732,4(8) ´ 34,5(8); в) 36,4(16) ´ A,A(16).
21. а) 530(10); б) 265(10); в) 597,25(10); г) 300,375(10); д) 75,57(10).
22. а) 101000111(2); б) 110001001(2); в) 1001101010,01(2); г) 1011110100,01(2); д)
1317,75(8); е) 2F4,0C(16).
23. а) 1100011010(2)+11101100(2); б) 10111010(2)+1010110100(2); в)
1000110111,011(2)+1110001111,001(2); г) 1745,5(8)+1473,2(8); д)
24D,5(16)+141,4(16).
24. а) 1100101010(2) – 110110010(2); б) 110110100(2) – 110010100(2); в)
1101111111,1(2) – 1100111110,1011(2); г) 1431,26(8) – 1040,3(8); д) 22C,6(16) –
54,2(16).
25. а) 1001001(2) ´ 11001(2); б) 245,04(8) ´ 112,2(8); в) 4B,2(16) ´ 3C,3(16).