How To Use ASP
Alkaline Surfactant Polymer
Trainings 2018
Rock Flow Dynamics
ASP injection: works in formats E1, E3!!
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Alkaline, Surfactant, Polymer are characterized by variables
C poly
Calkl
Csurf
Which represent their concentrations in water (kg/kg)
(However, all concentrations are assigned in kg/m3 (lb/stb for FIELD). For recalculation the
water density in standard conditions is used)
ASP presence affects:
1) Water viscosity
Wasp

WO
2) Surface tension
Kc
⇒ changes capillary number (ratio of viscous to capillary forces)
⇒ 3) changes to relative permeability due to interpolation between curves
krW (SW ), krOW (SW )
⇒ 4) changes to capillary pressure
PcWasp
5) Moreover, alkaline influences the adsorption of polymer and surfactant: the less they are
adsorbed, the more is their impact on production
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1) ASP effect on water viscosity
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Water viscosity dependence on pressure with surfactant influence is calculated by
Where viscosity(Csurf) is set in SURFVISC, reference viscosities are set by PVTW
In this case water viscosity for ASP
And PLYMAX,
Wasp
SURFVISC
is calculated from
(parameters set by PLYROCK, PLYADS, PLYVISC)
PLMIXPAR
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1) ASP effect on water viscosity
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Here:
K rrf
is the residual resistance factor for this rock type, representing the decrease of rock
permeability to water phase when maximum amount of polymer has been adsorbed

is the Todd-Longstaff mixing parameter: if we set it to 1, only polymer will influence
if we set it to 0, we will have weighted average of viscosities, for maximal polymer
concentration only polymer will influence, for zero only surfactant will influence
C ads,max
poly
And PLYMAX,
is maximal polymer adsorption used for residual factor calculation
(parameters set by PLYROCK, PLYADS, PLYVISC)
SURFVISC
PLMIXPAR
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2) ASP effect on surface tension
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Alkaline effects on water-oil surface tension in combination with surfactant:
 WO   WO (Csurf ) Ast (Calkl )
 WO
– Surface tension
 WO (Csurf )
Ast (Calkl )
– surface tension at surfactant concentration and zero alkaline concentration
(specified via SURFST)
– surface tension multiplier dependent on alkaline concentration (specified
via ALSURFST)
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3) Surface tension effect on rel.perms
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Capillary number (ratio of viscous to capillary forces) is calculated from:
Numerator: Square root of sum of squares of permeabilities multiplied by pressure
derivatives in space, taking into consideration transmissibility multipliers for link:
this is how much pressure changes in space weighted by permeability
Divided by surface tension, taking into account alkaline concentration: this
characterizes capillary forces
Then, capillary number is used to interpolate between curves from
SATNUM
and
SURFNUM,
with F(K) being set by SURFCAPD
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4) Surface tension effect on Pcw
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Capillary pressure is influenced by surface tension too:
asp
cW
P
 surf (Csurf )
 PcW 
 surf (0)
Here:
PcW
– Capillary pressure calculated in “classic” way
 surf (Csurf )
W
– surface tension at surfactant concentration and zero alkaline concentration
(specified via SURFST)
MASS WATER DENSITY
Is calculated from PVTW
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5) Alkaline affects on Surfactant and Polymer adsorption
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Alkaline reduces surfactant and polymer adsorption on the reservoir rock and enhances their
effectiveness this way.
Mass of adsorbed surfactant and polymer is calculated via the formula:
M ads  Porv *
Porv

– Block pore volume
1

*  rock * C ads (C ) * Aad (Calkl )
rock mass in
block
– porosity
C ads (C )
 rock
– concentration of absorbed surfactant/polymer for current concentration of surfactant/
polymer in surrounding solution (specified via the keyword SURFADS, PLYADS)
– mass density of the rock for adsorption calculation (specified via one of the
keywords SURFROCK, PLYROCK (if polymer present) by saturation regions)
Aad (Calkl )
– adsorption multiplier that depends on the alkaline concentration (specified via
the keyword ALSURFAD, ALPOLADS). Reduces adsorption
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ASP conservation law:
Concentration changes with time due to adsorption change, i/o flow from nearby blocks and wells
i/o flow
Sdpv is dead pore volume (not invaded by polymer) from PLYROCK
Asurf, Apoly are adsorption multipliers, showing how alkaline influences
adsorption (see above)
Nw is water molar concentration per block volume, ξw is water molar density
(mass for black oil)
Q are sources of alkaline, surfactant, polymer
B is viscosity
multiplier
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Training description
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In this course we will run 3 models:
1) with ASP injection – ASP_test.data
2) with Polymer injection – P_test.data
3) without ASP (only waterflooding) – ASP_NO_test.data
and compare Enhanced Oil Recovery efficiency (ASP vs Polymer vs Waterflooding)
Supported keywords:
SURFACT / POLYMER / ALKALINE
(RUNSPEC section) – Defines that
surfactant/polymer/alkaline will be used in the model
SURFADS / PLYADS / ALKADS (PROPS section) – Specifies surfactant/polymer/alkaline
adsorption functions
ALSURFAD / ALPOLADS (PROPS section) – surfactant/polymer adsorption multiplier that
depends on alkaline concentration
SURFROCK / PLYROCK / ALKROCK (PROPS section) – Specifies rock properties
SURFST / ALSURST (PROPS section) – Alkaline and surfactant effect on surface tension
SURF / POLY (SOLUTION section) – surfactant/polymer initial concentration
SURFNUM (REGIONS section) – Saturation function region number in miscibility conditions
WSURFACT / WPOLYMER / WALKALIN (SCHEDULE section) – Specifies the concentration
of surfactant/polymer/alkaline in the injection stream
SURFCAPD, SURFVISC, PLYVISC, PLMIXPAR, PLYSHEAR etc…
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Opening project
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1. tNavigator main window. Select simulation in the main menu. Open
2. Open models ASP test/ASP_test.data , ASP_NO_test.data
3. Run calculations of both models and wait till the end
Run calculations
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Alkaline concentration as 3D property (ASP_test.data)
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1. Grid Properties. Calculated properties. ASP Flood and Tracers. Alkaline concentration
2. 3D view. Right mouse button click on the palette. Use Local Palette. Logarithmic Palette
3. Each injector injects ASP (Alkaline+Surfactant+Polymer) Keywords WPOLYMER
(concentration in injection stream 0.35 lb/stb), WSURFACT (0.3 lb/stb), WALKALIN (2.6 lb/stb)
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Surfactant concentration in 2D view (ASP_test.data)
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1. Grid Properties. Calculated properties. ASP Flood and Tracers. Surfactant concentration
2. 2D view. Avg (Average)
3. Each injector injects ASP (Alkaline+Surfactant+Polymer) Keywords WPOLYMER
(concentration in injection stream 0.35 lb/stb), WSURFACT (0.3 lb/stb), WALKALIN (2.6 lb/stb)
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Polymer concentration in 2D view (ASP_test.data)
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1. Grid Properties. Calculated Properties. ASP Flood and Tracers. Polymer concentration
2. 2D view. Avg (Average)
Time step 133
Time step 344
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Alkaline effects on Surfactant and Polymer adsorption
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Alkaline reduces surfactant and polymer adsorption on the rock and thus enhance their
effectiveness.
Mass of adsorbed surfactant and polymer is calculated via the formula:
M ads  Porv *
Porv

– Block pore volume
1

*  rock * C ads (C ) * Aad (Calkl )
rock mass
in block
– porosity
C ads
– Concentration of absorbed surfactant/polymer (specified via the keyword SURFADS,
PLYADS)
 rock
– mass density of the rock (specified via the keyword SURFROCK, PLYROCK)
Aad (Calkl )
– adsorption multiplier that depends on the alkaline concentration (specified via
the keyword ALSURFAD, ALPOLADS)
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Surfactant/polymer adsorption keywords
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SURFADS / PLYADS
The number of tables should be equal to the number of
saturation function regions.
One table row contains parameters:
1. local surfactant/polymer concentration in the solution
surrounding the rock (FIELD: lb/stb);
2. corresponding saturated concentration of
surfactant/polymer adsorbed by the rock formation (FIELD:
lb/lb).
ALPOLADS
/ ALSURFAD
The number of tables should be equal to the number of
saturation function regions.
One table row contains parameters:
1. local alkaline concentration in the solution surrounding the
rock (FIELD: lb/stb);
2. Polymer/surfactant adsorption multiplier
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Adsorbed surfactant concentration (ASP_test.data)17
1. Grid Properties. Calculated Properties. ASP Flood and Tracers
2. Adsorbed Surfactant concentration
3. Click on the grid block to see the value in that block
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Adsorbed polymer concentration in 3D view (ASP_test.data)
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1. Grid properties. Calculated properties. ASP Flood and Tracers
2. Adsorbed Polymer concentration
3. Click on the grid block to see the value in this block
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Alkaline effect on surface tension
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Alkaline effects on water-oil surface tension in combination with surfactant:
 WO   WO (Csurf ) Ast (Calkl )
 WO
– surface tension
 WO (Csurf )
Ast (Calkl )
– surface tension at surfactant concentration and zero alkaline concentration
(specified via SURFST)
– surface tension multiplier that depends on alkaline concentration
(specified via ALSURFST)
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SATNUM and SURFNUM in 3D view
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1. Grid Properties. Regions: Saturation Regions (region number 1 for all blocks) and
Surfactant miscible regions (region number 2 for all blocks)
SATNUM
SURFNUM – saturation table
numbers that are used to
calculate the relative
permeabilities at a high
surfactant concentration
(implies the oil and water are
miscible)
SATNUM – immiscible saturation
functions.
SURFNUM
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Relative permeabilities
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1. Fluid properties. RP Water-Oil
2. There are 2 regions of relative permeabilities SWOF keywords in PROPS section
Region 1 (SATNUM)
Region 2 (SURFNUM)
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ASP on graphs (ASP_test.data)
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To view the graphs of injection/production rates and totals of alkaline, polymer, and surfactant:
1. Go to Graphs. Tracers
2. In the visualization settings check the graphs you want to see
3. If needed, select a particular well or a group
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ASP on graph templates (ASP_test.data)
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To view the ASP-related values on the graph templates:
1. Under Graphs Templates, open Production Rates or any other existing template
2. In the visualization settings under Tracers check the graphs you want to see
3. Specify the tracer (POLYMER, SURFACTANT, or ALKALINE) on the left panel
4. If needed, select a particular well or a group
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Comparison of graphs for 2 models
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1. Open calculated model ASP_NO_test.data
2. Document . Load Results. Load tNavigator Graphs from Model File
3. Choose calculated models ASP_test.data and P_test.data
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Comparison of graphs for 2 models
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1. Graphs. Totals. Groups – FIELD. Parameters – Oil Total, Water Total for current model, for
ASP_test.data and for P_test.data
2. Both ASP and Polymer flooding result in considerable increase in Ultimate Oil Recovery and
decrease in Total Water Production.
3. Meanwhile, the efficiency of ASP is higher in terms of Cumulative Oil
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Thank you for your attention!
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