Graphical
Representation of
Data
There is a magic in graphs. The profile of a curve
reveals in a flash a whole situation — the life history
of an epidemic, a panic, or an era of prosperity. The
curve informs the mind, awakens the imagination,
convinces.
- Henry D. Hubbard
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
2
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Definition
Principles
Advantages
Disadvantages
Uses
The Bar gram
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Definition
Graphical representation refers to the use of intuitive charts
and graphs to clearly visualize and simplify data sets.
Graphical representation helps to qualify, sort, and present
data in a method that is simple to understand for a larger
audience.
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Principles
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Suitable Title: Give appropriate titleto the graph which
indicates the subject of the presentation.
Measurement Unit: Mention the measurement unit in the
graph.
Proper Scale: Choose a suitable scale for proper evaluation
Index: Index the appropriate colours, shades, lines, design
Data Sources: Include the source of information wherever
necessary
Keep it Simple: Make the graph as simple as possible for
better understanding
Neat: Choose the appropriate font size and representation
colour
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Principles
In a graph, there are two lines known
as Axis or Coordinate axis. These are
the X-axis and Y-axis. The horizontal
axis is the X-axis and the vertical axis is
the Y-axis. They are perpendicular to
each other and intersect at O or point
of Origin dividing the plane into four
parts which are called Quadrant I,
Quadrant II, Quadrant III, Quadrant IV
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Advantages
•Make any given data easy to understand without
any prior knowledge
•Helps to relate and compare various data sets
visually
•Helps to find the Mean, Median, Mode of a given
data set
•Helps to organize large amount of data
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Disadvantages
•Costs large amount of human effort and resources
•Can be hard to choose the most suitable graphical
or tabular form to represent the data
•Design complexity for visualization
•Potential for human bias
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Uses
•To understand and identify trends and patterns
in data
•To compare two different sets of data easily
•To analyze large quantities of data and make
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firm predictions
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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The
Bar Diagram
Definition
The pictorial representation of grouped data,
in the form of vertical or horizontal
rectangular bars, where the lengths of the
bars are equivalent to the measure of data,
are known as bar graphs or bar diagrams.
Principle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All the bars should have a common base.
Each column in the bar graph should have equal width.
The height of the bar should correspond to the data value.
The distance between each bar should be the same.
The variable quantity is represented on one of the axes. Also,
the measure of the variable is depicted on the other axes.
6. The heights or the lengths of the bars denote the value of the
variable, and these graphs are also used to compare certain
quantities.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Types
1. Horizontal Bar Diagram
2. Vertical Bar Diagram
• Grouped Bar Diagram
• Stacked Bar Diagram
1. Horizontal Bar Graphs:
When the grouped data are represented
horizontally in a chart with the help of
bars, then such graphs are called
horizontal bar graphs, where the bars
show the measure of data. The data is
depicted here along the x-axis of the
graph, and the length of the bars denote
the values.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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2. Vertical Bar Diagram: When the
grouped data are represented vertically
in a graph or chart with the help of bars,
where the bars denote the measure of
data, such graphs are called vertical bar
graphs. The data is represented along
the y-axis of the graph, and the height
of the bars shows the values.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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•Grouped Bar Diagram: A grouped bar
graph is a type of bar graph in which
different sets of data items are
compared. Here, a single colour is used
to represent the specific series across
the set. The grouped bar graph can be
represented using both vertical and
horizontal bar charts.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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•Stacked Bar Diagram: In this type of bar graph, each part can be
represented using different colours, which helps to easily identify the
different categories. The stacked bar chart requires specific labelling to
show the different parts of the bar. In a stacked bar graph, each bar
represents the whole and each segment represents the different parts
of the whole.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Advantages
1. Bar graph summarises the large set of data in simple
visual form.
2. It displays each category of data in the frequency
distribution.
3. It clarifies the trend of data better than the table.
4. It helps in estimating the key values at a glance.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Disadva
ntages
1. Sometimes, the bar graph fails to reveal the patterns, cause,
effects, etc.
2. It can be easily manipulated to yield fake information like cherry
picking data or manipulating of the X or Y axis.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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How to draw
Step 1: First, decide the title of the bar graph.
Step 2: Draw the horizontal axis and vertical axis. (For example, Types of Pets)
Step 3: Now, label the horizontal axis.
Step 4: Write the names on the horizontal axis, such as Cat, Dog, Rabbit,
Hamster.
Step 5: Now, label the vertical axis. (For example, Number of Pets)
Step 6: Finalise the scale range for the given data.
Step 7: Finally, draw the bar graph that should represent each category with
their respective numbers.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Application
Bar graphs are also often used to represent
the data grouped into categories, such as
how many people have voted for each
candidate in an election or how much money
was spent by each department.
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Example:
In a firm of 400 employees, the percentage of monthly salary saved by
each employee is given in the following table.
SAVINGS
(in
percenta
ge)
20
NO. OF
EMPLOY
EES(Freq
uency)
105
30
199
40
29
50
73
TOTAL
400
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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THE BAR DIAGRAM
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Thank you
TEAM C:
1. Suraj Kumar Midya – BWU/BPY/22/022
2. Neha Joshi – BWU/BPY/22/024
3. Sonima Jana – BWU/BPY/22/036
4. Keya Roy – BWU/BPY/22/020
5. Aditi Sarkar – BWU/BPY/22/012