BASIC STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
The Scientific Method
CONCLUSION
RESULT / DATA
EXPERIMENT
HYPOTHESIS
PROBLEM
OBSERVATION
1. Make
OBSERVATIONS
1. Make OBSERVATIONS
1. Make OBSERVATIONS
QUALITATIVE
&
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
The man is fat.
The rice field is visited by so
many birds.
The tree is very tall.
Yesterdays rain is so heavy.
My classmate has a slight
fever.
Cheetah runs very fast.
QUANTITATIVE
He weight 100 kg.
About 50 birds visit the rice
field.
The tree is approximately 100
meter high.
The
amount
of
rainfall
yesterday is about 50 mL/h.
My classmate has a body
temperature of 38.3°C.
The
average
speed
of
cheetah is 130m/h.
2. Identify the
PROBLEM
2. Identify the PROBLEM
A scientific question is a question that can be
answered by performing an experiment.
2. Identify the PROBLEM
A scientific question is a question that can be
answered by performing an experiment.
Experiment – is a test perform in order to discover
whether a hypothesis / theory is correct or what the
results of a particular course of action would be.
Microsoft® Encarta® 2009
2. Identify the PROBLEM
OBSERVATION: Our trash bin in the kitchen got full
with in a day.
OBSERVATION: The apple slices turns brown.
OBSERVATION: The mongo seeds that I have planted
grows very slow.
3. Develop a
HYPOTHESIS
3. Develop a HYPOTHESIS
Also called prediction
HYPOTHESIS is an educated guess
Temporary answer to the questions
3. Develop a HYPOTHESIS
PROBLEM: How many kilos of garbage does
our household produce every day?
PROBLEM: What can I apply to the apple
slices to stop / reduce the time to turn
brown?
PROBLEM: If I water my mango seeds will it
sprout faster?
4. Conduct an
EXPERIMENT
4. Conduct an EXPERIMENT
Testing your hypothesis
Consider the VARIABLES
VARIABLES
DEPENDENT
&
INDEPENDENT
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
the variable that is being manipulated or
controlled.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
changes because of a test.
It is the effect that arises from the changes in
the independent variable.
Let’s Identify the Dependent & Independent
Variable
HYPOTHESIS: My estimated household
produced garbage in a day is 10 kilos.
HYPOTHESIS: The best way to apply to stop
the apple slices in turning brown is water.
HYPOTHESIS: Watering my mango seeds
makes them sprout faster.
4. Conduct an EXPERIMENT
REMEMBER: For the best experiments, only
one thing should change!
5. Record & Analyze
the RESULTS
5. Record & Analyze the RESULTS
Usually presented in Quantitative Data
Presented in a table, graph or chart.
Sample 1
Garbage in a Day
Place
Kilogram
Kitchen
5
Bedrooms
2
Bathrooms
1
TOTAL
8
Sample 2
Apple Slices Application
Solution
Time
Water
5 min.
Milk
3 min.
Lemon
1 sec.
Soda
3 sec
Sample 3
Mango Sprout Growth
Plant
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
A
Not water
No sprout No sprout No sprout
B
Watered
No sprout No sprout Has sprout
6. Draw
CONCLUSIONS
6. Draw CONCLUSIONS
From Quantitative Result to Qualitative
Conclusion.
Sample 1
Garbage in a Day
Place
Kilogram
Kitchen
5
Bedrooms
2
Bathrooms
1
TOTAL
8
The garbage that we produce in a given day is 8 kg
and not 10 kg.
Sample 2
Apple Slices Application
Solution
Time
Water
5 min.
Milk
3 min.
Lemon
1 sec.
Soda
3 sec.
The solution applied that has the longest time to stop
the apple slices to turn brown is the water.
Sample 3
Mango Sprout Growth
Plant
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
A
Not water
No sprout No sprout No sprout
B
Watered
No sprout No sprout Has sprout
Watering my mango seeds make them sprout faster.
Let’s summarize!
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Make OBSERVATION
Identify the PROBLEM
Develop a HYPOTHESIS
Conduct an EXPERIMENT
Record and analyze the RESULT
Draw CONCLUSION
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identify the PROBLEM
Develop a HYPOTHESIS
Conduct an EXPERIMENT
Record and analyze the RESULT
Draw CONCLUSION
APPLICATION