剑桥雅思口语 Part3 观点库
 版权所有
目录：
1.
Clothing and Fashion 衣服和时尚
2.
Public Holidays and Festivals 公共假日和节日
3.
Tourism 旅行和旅游业
4.
Water 水
5.
Helping people 帮助
6.
Time 时间
7.
Sport 运动
8.
Pressure 压力
9.
Decisions 决定
10.
Plans 计划／规划
11.
Being famous 出名
12.
Environment 环境
13.
Happiness 幸福
14.
Food, Eating habits and Farming
食物／饮食习惯／农业
15.
Health and Keeping fit 健康
16.
Advertising 广告
17.
Libraries and Books 图书馆和书
18.
Changes (now and the past) 变化
19.
Differences 区别
20.
Team 团队合作
21.
Toys 玩具
22.
Building 建筑
23.
Opinions about history and historical buildings 历史和历史建筑
24.
Culture 文化
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25.
Money 钱
26.
Shopping 购物
27.
Furniture 家具
28.
Photography 照片和摄影
29.
Cities and Countryside 城市和农村
30.
Losing 丢失
31.
Music and Songs 音乐和歌曲
32.
Leader 性别（男女区别）
33.
Languages and Communication 语言和交流
34.
Work 工作
35.
Sound and Noise 声音和噪音
36.
Gender 性别和工作
37.
Animals and Zoos 动物和动物园
38.
Old people 老年人
39.
Parents and Children 父母和孩子
40.
Family 家庭
41.
Friends 朋友
42.
Childhood and Children 孩子和童年
43.
Future 未来
44.
Mobile phone 手机
45.
Computer and Internet 电脑和互联网
46.
Science and Technology 科技
47.
Education and Subjects 教育和学科
48.
Motivation 动力
49.
House, living and Moving 住房
50.
Patriotism 爱国
2
1. Clothing and Fashion 衣服和时尚
Opinions about clothing
Clothes are ridiculously expensive nowadays. 现在的衣服太贵了
The money spent in clothing is quite a sizeable proportion of many people’s income.
花在衣服上的钱在许多人的收入中占相当大的比例
People here in China spend quite a lot on clothes.中国人在衣服上花了很多钱
People care a lot about their appearance.人们很关心自己的外表
People pay a lot of attention to detail. 人们非常注重细节
Differences between formal and casual clothes
One’s appearance is the most important. 一个人的外表是最重要的
People want to look good and presentable in front of others. 人们希望在别人面前看
起来很好，很体面
The comfort is the most important thing. 舒适是最重要的
Formal clothes might look better than casual clothes.正式的衣服可能比休闲服好看
Formal clothes are definitely not as comfortable as casual clothes. 正式的衣服没有
休闲服那么舒服
People tend to dress down at home. 人们在家里穿着随便
People tend to dress formally when they go out. 人们出门时往往回穿得很正式
Arguments for wearing uniform
A uniform puts the staff into a work frame of mind. 制服让员工进入工作心态
A uniform kind of has an effect on the mentality of the employees 一种统一的制服对
员工的心态有影响
It serves to constantly remind employees that they’re at work. 它的作用是不断提醒
员工他们在工作
It creates a sense of unity within a school.在学校里创造了一种团结的感觉
A uniform could help develop team spirit. 制服有助于培养团队精神
Students don’t have to spend time in choosing what to wear.学生不需要花时间选择
穿什么
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Students will compare with each other if they don’t wear school uniforms.如果学生
不穿校服，他们会相互攀比
Some students who wear old-fashions clothes will be mocked. 一些穿着旧衣服的学
生会被嘲笑
Opinions about fashion
People like to follow the fashion.人们喜欢跟随潮流
People like to keep up with the latest trends.人们喜欢跟上最新的趋势
If fashion didn’t change so quickly, people would feel less need to go out and buy
more clothes. 如果时尚变化没有那么快，人们就感觉不需要出去买更多的衣服
The fashion houses instigate the changes to make more money.时尚公司煽动变革以
赚更多的钱
Fashion magazines like vogue are the hit with the young generation. 像《时尚》这样
的时尚杂志受到年轻一代的青睐
Young people pay close attention to the latest trends. 年轻一代密切关注最近的趋
势
People feel more confident when wearing stylish clothes. 人们穿时尚的衣服会更有
信心
Chic clothes help enhance one’s temperament. 别致的衣服有助于提升一个人的气
质
Questions about clothing and fashion
1. Do Chinese people spend much money on clothes?
中国人在衣服上花很多钱吗？
2. What are the differences between formal and casual clothes?
正式衣服和休闲服有什么区别？
3. Why do some companies require their employees to wear a uniform?
为什么有些公司要求员工穿制服？
4. Do you think students need to wear school uniform?
你认为学生应该穿校服吗？
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5. What kinds of clothes should people wear at work?
人们应该在工作中穿什么样的衣服？
6. Why do you think fashion seems to be constantly changing?
你认为时尚在一直改变吗？
2. Public Holidays and Festivals 公共假日和节日
Opinions about public holidays
Spring Festival is the most important one in our culture. 在我们的文化中，春节是最
重要的
There are a few other traditional festivals like the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn
Festival, Lantern Festival and Chinese Valentine’s Day.
还有其他一些传统节日，
如端午节、中秋节、元宵节和中国情人节。
It’s the younger generation that likes to celebrate foreign festivals like Christmas Day.
年轻一代喜欢庆祝像圣诞节这样的外国节日
People in China don’t celebrate Christmas in the way westerners would. 中国人不像
西方人那样庆祝圣诞节
It gives people an important opportunity to take some time off, have a family reunion
or go on a trip. 它给人们提供了一个重要的机会，让他们有时间去休息，去和家
人团聚或者去旅行。
It’s probably the only time of year you can have gourmet food to your heart’s content.
这可能是一年中唯一一次你能吃到心满意足事物的时候
People will flock to various tourist attractions.人们将会涌向各种旅游景点
People either stay at home with their family or go on a trip somewhere. 人们要么呆
在家里和家人一起，要么出去旅行
Some people just stay at home, chill out and enjoy me time. 有些人只是呆在家里放
松，享受个人时光
Festivals help maintain all the various customs and traditions we have. 节日有助于
保留我们所有的风俗和传统
It’s important that we continue to have the traditions. 我们继续保持传统是很重要
的
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It’s important to maintain our different culture identities. 保持我们不同的文化身份
是很重要的
It helps us have a better understanding of our culture.有助于了解我们的文化
I hope that there are a lot more public holidays in the future. 我希望未来有更多的假
期
Employees shouldn’t work on public holidays because they need some time to
recharge their batteries. 员工不应该在假期工作，他们应该给自己充电
Questions about holidays and festivals
1. Which public holidays do you like the most?
你最喜欢哪个假期？
2. Do you think public holidays are important?
你认为假期很重要吗？
3. What do people in your country usually do on public holidays?
你们国家的人通常在假期做什么？
4. Do you think there should be more public holidays in your country?
你认为在你们国家应该有更多的假期吗？
5. Do you think employees should work on public holidays?
你认为员工应该在假期工作吗？
6. Do you think traditional festivals are important?
你认为传统节日是重要的吗？
3. Tourism 旅行和旅游业
Opinions about travelling
Chines people will flock to various tourist attractions on public holidays.中国人在节
假日蜂拥至各个旅游景点
People travel to places further away from where they live, including overseas.人们到
远离他们居住的地方旅行，包括海外
People can learn a great deal from travelling abroad. 人们可以在海外旅行中学到很
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多东西
It kind of helps you become a more well-rounded person when travelling overseas.
海外旅游时会帮助你成为一个更全面的人
The tourist sites are crammed full of people during a national holiday. 在国庆期间，
旅游景点挤满了人
Places that have a lot of natural scenery are definitely popular travel destinations. 有
很多自然风光的地方绝对是受欢迎的旅游目的地
A number of people want to get away from city life.很多人想要远离城市生活
Places with long history or unique attractions are popular travel destinations. 历史悠
久和景色独特的经典时受欢迎的旅游目的地
Places that are good for shopping are the hit with Chinese people.适合购物的地方是
中国人最喜欢的地方
I guess a suitable length of travelling time would be that which is long enough to take
your mind completely off work or study.我想一段合适的旅游时间应该足够长以至
于我们完全忘了工作和学习
Travelling alone is that you get to do what you want, without having to ask for anyone
else’s approval. 独自旅行就是你可以做你想做的事情，不用必须征得别人的同意
You can be really flexible with your plans if you travel on your own. 如果你独自旅
行的话你的计划真的很灵活
People like going to big cities for holidays because big cities tend to be the best places
for shopping. 人们喜欢去大城市度假，因为大城市是很好的购物场所
People will not be happy if things they’ve planned to do don’t live up to expectations.
如果计划的事情达不到预期，人们就会不高兴
People will be disappointed if hotels and tourist attractions don’t catch the fancy of
them.
如果旅馆和旅游景点不能让他们开心他们会失望的
It’s more expensive to travel abroad than it is to stay at home. 出国旅行比呆在家里
要贵
Some people find it stressful to spend time in a foreign country where they don’t
speak the language, or where they feel they can’t easily integrate with the locals. 有
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人认为呆在一个他们不会将当地语言的外国国家或者呆在一个很难与当地人融
为一体的国家是有压力的
Some people just don’t feel the need to travel abroad. 一些人认为出国旅游是没有
必要的
It is a way to get to know our own country better.这是一种更好了解我们国家的方
法
It’s a good chance to spend quality time with my family. 这是一个与家人共度时光
的好机会
I wouldn't want to disparage people who haven't travelled because that is almost
invariably due-to a lack of opportunity. 我不想贬低那些没有旅游过的人，因为他
们几乎总是缺乏机会
I doubt any of my great-grandparents' generation ever travelled anywhere. 我怀疑我
曾祖父那一代是否去过任何地方旅游
But I can't help but think that it does make you a more open-minded person, as you
see different ways of living, eating, drinking, interacting with others, and it allows
you to see your own culture more objectively. 但是我不得不承认它的确会让你变
成更开放的人，因为你看到不同的生活方式，饮食，与他人的互动并且让你更加
客观的看待自己的文化
It also leads to you having a wider range of experiences and makes you more
interesting to talk to.让你有更广泛的经验，让你更有趣的交谈
I think younger people tend to enjoy adventure and having fun. And older people
value relaxation more because they have so many responsibilities at home that what
they want more than anything is to 'switch off when they go away. 我认为年轻人喜
欢冒险和娱乐。老年人更看重放松，因为他们在家里有太多的责任，所以他们最
想要的是“离开时关掉”。
I've always thought learning something of the language of the country you 're going to
is the best possible way of benefitting fully from your holiday. That way, the local
population aren't so likely to see you as an outsider, but rather as someone who has
made the effort of learning some words and expressions, and so has an interest in their
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culture. 我一直认为学习一些你要去的国家的语言是从假期中充分获益的最好方
法。这样一来，当地人就不太可能把你看成是一个局外人，而是把你看成是一个
努力学习一些词汇和表达的人，对他们的文化也很感兴趣
Positives for tourism
People can have fun and recharge their batteries. 人们可以享受乐趣并给自己充电
Tourists have chances to expand horizons, open their minds and make new friends.
游客们有机会开阔视野，开阔思路，结交新朋友
Tourists can have a better understanding of different cultures and different ways of
living. 游客可以更好地了解不同的文化和不同的生活方式
It helps break up the monotonous routine of daily life. 它有助于打破单调的日常生
活
Chances are that people will learn different languages. 人们有机会学习不同的语言
People love to try exotic gourmet food. 人们喜欢尝试异国美食
Tourism is a key source of revenue for many regions. 旅游业是许多地区的主要收
入来源
It creates a lot of employment in services like accommodation, transport and
entertainment. 它在住宿、交通和娱乐等服务领域创造了大量就业机会
Tourism attracts investment. 旅游业吸引投资
Travelling makes you more responsible and patient, because you need to deal with a
lot of things like language barriers. 旅行使你更有责任感和耐心，因为你需要处理
很多事情，如语言障碍
It helps you appreciate your life better because you don’t know how much you have
already got in your life until you go out and really take a look. 它能帮助你更好地欣
赏你的生活，因为你不知道你在生活中已经得到了多少，直到你出去看看
You are consistently making decisions and solving problems, which gives you
wisdom, experience and responsibility. 你一直在做决定和解决问题，这给了你智
慧、经验和责任
It’s a chance to open your mind, meet new people and eat exotic food. 这是一个打开
心扉，结识新朋友，吃异国风味食物的机会
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A country’s customs only survive today because of global tourism. 一个国家的风俗
习惯由于全球旅游才得以延续
They are manifold. Tourism brings investment and better infrastructure to poorer
communities. 它们是多方面的。旅游业为贫困社区带来了投资和更好的基础设施
This means that tourists find it easier to get around, but it also leads to an improved
quality of life for the local people. 这就意味着游客们会更容易四处走动，但同时
也会提高当地居民的生活质量
It also brings about greater work opportunities for the local community. 这也为当地
社区带来了更多的工作机会
Previously, for example, they may just have had fishing or farming, but tourism opens
up the possibility of higher earning jobs. 例如，以前，他们可能只是从事渔业或农
业，但旅游业为他们提供了更高收入的工作机会
Negative effects for tourism
Local governments in some areas might start paying more attention to attracting
tourism rather than the well-being of the local citizens. 一些地区的地方政府可能开
始更多地关注旅游业，而不是当地居民的福祉
Tourism has a negative effect on the natural environment. 旅游业对自然环境有负
面影响
Tourism will create much pollution and waste. 旅游业将产生大量的污染和浪费
The local costs of living will rise. 当地的生活成本将上升
Local traditions and cultures may be endangered. 当地的传统和文化可能受到威胁
The buildings about tourism can destroy the habitats of wild animals. 旅游建筑会破
坏野生动物的栖息地
Well, I've seen areas where large numbers of visitors have had a detrimental effect on
local habitats. For example, coral reefs in the Caribbean. It's really tragic. 嗯，我见过
很多游客对当地栖息地造成不利影响的地区。例如，加勒比海的珊瑚礁。真是悲
剧
The best solution, as far as the wildlife is concerned, would be to ban tourism for a
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few decades to let the reefs recover, but, of course, the local economy has come to
rely on tourism and there would be uproar if the government were to take that drastic
step. 就野生动物而言，最好的解决办法是在几十年内禁止旅游，让珊瑚礁恢复，
但是，当然，当地经济已经开始依赖旅游业，如果政府采取这一严厉措施，将会
引起轩然大波
Travelling in a tour group: Advantages
Everything’s arranged for you if you are with a tour group. 如果你是旅游团的话，一
切都安排好了
The travel agency can normally get group discounts on everything. 旅行社通常可以
享受团体优惠
You don’t have to bother about hotels and flights. 你不必为酒店和航班而烦恼
You will meet a group of new people. 你会遇到一群新人
It gives you a possibility to make new friends. 它让你有机会结交新朋友
Travelling in a tour group: Disadvantages
You often don’t get a lot of time to look around and hang around. 你经常没有很多
时间四处看看和闲逛
You may lose a lot of freedom and flexibility. 你可能会失去很多自由和灵活性
You have to follow the tour guide’s instructions and orders. 你必须遵守导游的指示
和命令
You can’t travel around freely, which is the biggest downside. 你不能自由旅行，这
是最大的缺点
Young people and Old people: Differences
Young people generally like doing something more thrilling and energetic. 年轻人通
常喜欢做一些更刺激、更有活力的事情
Some young people are thrill seeks who enjoy taking adventurous journeys. 一些年
轻人热衷于冒险旅行
Young people prefer something new and fresh. 年轻人喜欢新鲜的东西
Old people tend to wind down and enjoy relaxing stuff. 老年人喜欢放松和享受放
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松的东西
Old people prefer to lie down a deckchair next to a swimming pool, soak up the sun
and enjoy the feeling of doing nothing while young people are partial to playing water
sports when they go to the beach. 老年人喜欢躺在游泳池旁边的躺椅上，晒太阳，
享受无所事事的感觉，而年轻人则喜欢在海滩上玩水上运动
Long distance travelling: Advantages
You get to see things that you wouldn’t normally see where you’re from when travel
far away. 当你远行时，你会看到一些你平时看不到的东西
Everything will be much fresher. 一切都会更新鲜
The journey will be a lot more exciting. 这次旅行将更加令人兴奋
Long distance travelling: Disadvantages
Travelling a long way can be quite stressful and exhausting. 长途跋涉会让人感到压
力和疲惫
Long flights tend to be particularly uncomfortable. 长途飞行往往特别不舒服
It’s often not a great deal of fun if you travel alone. 如果你一个人旅行，通常不会很
有趣
Travelling by train: Advantages
You pretty much know exactly what time you’ll arrive somewhere. 你很清楚你什么
时候到某个地方
Unlike cars and coaches, you won’t get stuck in traffic if you go by train. 不像汽车
和长途汽车，如果你坐火车的话，你不会陷入交通堵塞
You can get up and move around during the journey. 在旅途中你可以站起来四处
走动
You can enjoy the view out of the window. 你可以欣赏窗外的景色
Train journeys can be much more comfortable and enjoyable. 火车旅行可以更加舒
适和愉快
Travelling by plane: Advantages
You can enjoy better service like free snacks, drinks and newspapers. 你可以享受更
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好的服务，如免费小吃、饮料和报纸
Planes travel much faster than other transports. 飞机比其他运输工具要快得多
People can do the shopping in duty free shops in airports. 人们可以在机场的免税商
店购物
Travelling by plane: Disadvantages
Sometimes, airplanes can’t take off on time. 有时，飞机不能准时起飞
It will take you a long while to pass the security check. 通过安全检查要花很长时间
Most airports are a bit far from city centres. 大多数机场离市中心有点远
You will suffer jet lag if you take a long journey by air. 如果你乘飞机长途旅行，你
会有时差反应
Travelling abroad:
A lot of people see travelling to another country on holiday as more of an adventure
than just going somewhere here in China. 很多人认为到其他国家度假比去中国的
某个地方更像是一次冒险
More and more people are able to afford travelling overseas; it’s becoming an
increasingly popular thing to do. 越来越多的人能够负担得起出国旅行的费用，这
正成为一件越来越受欢迎的事情
Travelling overseas helps you become a more well-rounded person. 出国旅行有助于
你成为一个更全面的人
You can learn a great deal from travelling abroad, such as learning about different
cultures and ways of life, as well as different languages. 你可以从国外旅行中学到
很多东西，比如学习不同的文化和生活方式，以及不同的语言
Travelling alone:
The good thing about travelling alone is that you get to do what you want, without
having to ask for anyone else’s approval. 独自旅行的好处是你可以做你想做的事
情，而不必征求任何人的同意
You can be really flexible with your plans if you travel on your own. 如果你自己旅
行的话，你的计划真的很灵活
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If you’re travelling on your own, you might feel lonely at times. 如果你独自旅行，
有时会感到孤独
Questions about Tourism
1. Is travelling abroad popular in your country?
出国旅行在你们国家受欢迎吗？
2. Do Chinese people like to travel?
中国人喜欢旅行吗？
3. What kinds of places do Chinese people like to visit?
中国人喜欢去什么类型的地方旅游？
4. What are the benefits of travelling?
旅游的好处是什么？
5. What are the benefits of travelling abroad?
出国旅游的好处是什么？
6. What can you learn from travelling abroad?
从出国旅行中你可以学到什么？
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of traveling in a tour group?
跟团旅游的好处和坏处？
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling alone?
独自旅行的好处和坏处？
9. What are the differences between young people and old people when they go
travelling?
年轻人旅行和老年人旅行的区别是什么？
10. What are the pros and cons of long-distance travelling?
长途旅行的好处和坏处？
11. What are the positive effects and negative effects of tourism?
旅游业的积极影响和消极影响？
12. What are the good and bad effects of tourism for a country?
旅游业对一个国家的积极影响和消极影响？
13. What do you think are the benefits of traveling by train?
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做火车旅游的好处是什么？
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by plane?
坐飞机旅游的好处和坏处是什么？
15. What can you learn from travelling abroad?
你可以在国外旅行中学习到什么？
4. Water 水
Opinions about places near water
Water has a kind of calming effect on people.水对人有一种镇静作用
People gravitate to places near water.人们倾向于靠近水的地方
People feel at ease at places near water.人们在靠近水的地方感觉很自在
People can take loads off their shoulders when they go to places near water.当人们去
靠近水的地方，他们可以写下肩上的重物
Activities at a beach
People find it fun to play water sports like beach volleyball, scuba diving and surfing.
人们觉得打沙滩排球、潜水和冲浪等水上运动很有趣
Some people prefer to do something more releasing like lying on a deck chair,
soaking up the sun and listening to the sound of waves. 有些人喜欢做一些更放松的
事情，比如躺在躺椅上，晒太阳，听海浪的声音
Children tend to have a lot more fun at the seaside. 孩子们在海边玩得更开心
Questions about water
1. Why do so many people like going to places with water, such as lakes, rivers or the
ocean?
为什么这么多人喜欢去有水的地方，如湖泊、河流或海洋？
2. What kinds of leisure activities do people like to do in places such as on the ocean, or
at a beach?
人们喜欢在海洋、海滩等地方进行哪些休闲活动？
3. What activities would you do if you were spending some leisure time at a beach?
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如果你在海滩上休闲，你会做什么活动？
4. Do you think the government should invest money in developing facilities for water
sports?
你认为政府应该投资开发水上运动设施吗？
5. Helping people 帮助
Opinions about helping people
One small act of kindness could end up having quite a large effect on people. 一个小
小的善举最终可能对人们产生相当大的影响
Helping others is to help ourselves.
帮助别人就是帮助自己
People are filled with love when helping others. 人们在帮助别人时充满了爱
People will be super delighted if they do someone a favour. 如果有人帮忙，人们会
非常高兴的
It kind of has a positive knock-on effect if people help each other. 如果人们互相帮
助的话，会产生积极的连锁反应
People feel good when helping others. 人们在帮助别人时感觉很好
One good turn deserves another. 善有善报
Good-natured people often help others and don’t expect anything in return. 心地善良
的人经常帮助别人，不期望得到任何回报
Small gestures towards others are what make people nice. 对别人的小手势是使人
和善的原因
Parents should set a good example for their children. 父母应该为孩子树立好榜样
Parents’ behaviors will rub off on their children.
父母的行为会影响到他们的孩子
Being a volunteer: Benefits
The best thing about being a volunteer is the feel-good factor you get from helping
others. 做一名志愿者最重要的是你从帮助别人中得到的感觉良好的因素。
When we help people, it generally makes us feel good about ourselves. 当我们帮助
别人时，通常会让我们对自己感觉良好
It’s a good way of experiencing things you might not otherwise get the chance to
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experience. 这是一种很好的体验方式，否则你可能没有机会体验
Volunteers bring a lot of benefits to society. 志愿者给社会带来了很多好处
Cities and communities, in general, are able to provide services which they might not
otherwise have been able to provide. 一般来说，城市和社区能够提供他们原本无
法提供的服务
Volunteers will gain a great deal from volunteering. 志愿者将从志愿活动中获益匪
浅
Volunteers tend to feel more positive and optimistic. 志愿者往往感觉更积极和乐观
Questions about helping people
1. Do you think it’s important for people to help each other?
你认为帮助别人是重要的吗？
2. How can children learn to help others?
孩子们如何学习帮助别人？
3. What are the benefits of being a volunteer?
成为志愿者的好处是什么？
4. What benefits do volunteers bring to society?
志愿者带给社会的好处是什么？
5. Why do some people like to be volunteers?
为什么一些人想要成为志愿者
6. Time 时间
Opinions about punctuality
It's important to be on time. 准时是很重要的
It’s basic manners to be on time for things. 准时做事是基本的礼仪
It’s pretty rude to keep people waiting. 让别人等是很不礼貌的
It leaves a bad impression on people if you are late. 如果你迟到了，会给人留下很坏
的印象
People feel a bit annoyed if others are late. 如果别人迟到了，人们会感到有点恼火
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Most of the time, I’m pretty good with being on time for things. 大多数时候，我都很
擅长准时做事
I always make a quite big effort not to be late. 我总是努力不迟到
I feel pretty bad if I’ve kept the other person waiting for a long time. 如果我让另一
个人等了很长时间，我会很难过的
The best thing to do would be to always allow lots of time to get anywhere. 最好的
办法就是总是有足够的时间去任何地方
Opinions about time management
Most people are bad at organizing time. 大多数人不善于组织时间
Time management is something people need to get better at. 时间管理是人们需要改
进的
Some people are pretty organized in terms of their time. 有些人在时间上很有条理
I actually think it’s a really useful thing for young children to learn organizing time.
实际上，我认为对幼儿来说，学习组织时间是一件非常有用的事情
It is a lot more useful than many other things students are taught at school. 它比学校
里教给学生的其他东西有用得多
If children learn how to manage their time at an early age, then it’s going to help them
throughout their life. 如果孩子们在很小的时候就学会了如何管理自己的时间，那
么这将帮助他们度过一生
I think it’s a very good idea to learn to manage time. 我认为学习管理时间是个好主
意
It’s better to set aside a bit of time each day to do exercise, like going for a jog or
something. 最好每天留出一点时间做运动，比如慢跑之类的
If I had children, I would encourage them to get into the habit of doing something
immediately, instead of putting it off to another time. 如果我有孩子，我会鼓励他们
养成立即做某件事的习惯，而不是把它推迟到另一个时间
If I had children, I would encourage them to do it straight away instead of leaving it to
the last moment. 如果我有孩子，我会鼓励他们马上去做，而不是把它留给最后
一刻
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Questions about time
1. Do you think it is important to be on time?
你认为准时很重要吗？
2. How do you feel when others are late?
当其他人迟到的时候你什么感受？
3. How do you think you could improve and be on time more often?
你认为你如何可以更经常地准时？
4. Are you good at organizing time?
你擅长组织时间吗？
5. How do you usually organize your time?
你通常如何安排时间？
6. Do you think it is important for time management?
你认为时间管理是很重要的吗？
7. Why do you think some people pay to learn time management?
你认为为什么一些人花钱去学习时间管理？
8. Do you think children should learn to manage time?
你认为小孩子应该学习时间管理吗？
9. Why do some people find it hard to follow their plans?
为什么一些人发现执行计划是困难的？
7. Sport 运动
Arguments for competitive sport
It shows that competitive sport is pretty popular in my country. 这表明竞技体育在
我国很受欢迎
Competitive sport is pretty beneficial. 竞技体育是相当有益的
People should play more competitive sports for enjoyment and health reasons. 为了
享受和健康，人们应该多做竞技运动
Competitive sport is really a kind of entertainment for people. 竞技体育真的是一种
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娱乐活动
It adds something more to people’s lives. 它为人们的生活增添了更多的东西
It pushes us to give our best. 它促使我们尽最大努力
People get a lot of excitement from taking part in competitive sport. 人们从参加竞
技体育运动中得到很多兴奋。
It’s a lot more fun.更有趣
Competitive sports can help children develop a sense of teamwork. 竞技体育可以帮
助孩子培养团队合作意识
Competitive sports can also add pressure to children. 竞技体育也会给孩子们增加
压力
Playing competitive sports is one way of motivating children to develop and improve
themselves. 参加竞技体育运动是激发儿童发展和提高自我的一种方式
It helps children cultivate their leadership ability. 它帮助孩子们培养他们的领导能
力
Team members can get a sense of belonging. 团队成员可以有归属感
Questions about competitive sports
1. Is competitive sport very popular in your country?
竞技体育在你们国家受欢迎吗？
2. In your opinion, how beneficial to society is competitive sport?
你认为竞技体育对社会有多大益处
3. What benefits do people derive from taking part in competitive sport?
人们参加竞技体育有什么好处？
4. Do you think competitive sports are good for children to take part in?
你认为竞技体育有利于孩子们参加吗？
8. Pressure 压力
Opinions about pressure
People have less free time today than they did before. 人们如今的空闲时间比以前
少了
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People have less free time than they used to. 人们的空闲时间比以前少了
Modern lifestyles are increasingly stressful. 现代生活方式的压力越来越大
The workload that people have at work is continually getting bigger. 人们在工作中
的工作量不断增加
It seems that people are working longer hours than before. 看来人们工作时间比以
前长了
People are pretty tied up with their work and haven’t got much time to chill out. 人们
工作忙得不可开交，没有多少时间冷静下来
Tests and exams can also cause stress. 考试也会引起压力
Unemployment is also a cause of stress. 失业也是压力的一个原因
For children, pressure comes from always trying to live up to their parents’
expectations. 对孩子来说，压力来自于总是努力达到父母的期望
In terms of adults, they probably have pressure to get married, have children, buy a
house, and get a stable income. 对于成年人来说，他们可能有结婚、生孩子、买房
子和稳定收入的压力
Opinions about reducing pressure
One thing that people could do to reduce the pressure is to let those close to them
know how they’re really feeling, instead of keeping it bottled in. 人们可以做的一件
事就是让身边的人知道他们的真实感受，而不是把它装在瓶子里
Playing sports or engaging in outdoor activities is a way to get rid of the pressure. 运
动或户外活动是消除压力的一种方式
Listening to music has a calming effect. 听音乐有镇静作用
People feel at ease when they go to places near water. 当人们去靠近水的地方时，会
感到很自在
Going on a journey helps people wind down and leave their worries behind. 旅行有
助于人们放松心情，把忧虑抛在脑后
People feel released and refreshed when they commune with nature. 当人们与自然
交流时，会感到放松和精神振奋
Stress can be reduced by taking regular exercise and having a healthy diet. 有规律的
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运动和健康的饮食可以减轻压力
Psychologists can help people cope with stress.
心理学家可以帮助人们应对压力
Questions about pressure
1. Do you think people have more free time today than they did before?
你认为今天人们比以前有更多的自由时间吗？
2. Why some people are under great pressure today?
为什么如今一些人承受巨大的压力？
3. What are the sources of pressure in people’s lives?
人们生活中压力的来源是什么？
4. How do you think people can deal with this pressure?
你认为人们如何解决这些压力？
5. How can people reduce their pressure?
人们如何减少压力？
9. Decisions 决定
Opinions about decisions and making decisions
Important decisions will have a huge effect on your whole life. 重要的决定会对你
的一生产生巨大的影响
Analytical skills are necessary when making decisions. 做决定时必须具备分析能力
Analytical skills will guide you in making a good decision. 分析能力将指导你做出
一个好的决定
It is important to have the ability to make decisions quickly without pondering too
much. 重要的是要有能力快速做出决定，而不必考虑太多
One thing people could do is to trust their gut instinct more when making decisions.
人们可以做的一件事是在做决定时更相信自己的直觉
People need to pay more attention to their feelings when making an important
decision. 在做出重要决定时，人们需要更加注意自己的感受
I believe that our mind has the sixth sense in knowing what the right thing is. 我相信
我们的头脑有第六感，知道什么是正确的事情
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People can go on a decision-making crash course. 人们可以参加决策速成课程
I think parents should let their children make their own decisions. 我认为父母应该
让孩子自己做决定
Children should make their own decisions and learn from it. 孩子们应该自己做决定，
并从中学习
Parents should encourage their children to make their own decisions. 父母应该鼓励
孩子自己做决定
Parents should give their children as much freedom as possible to do what they want,
instead of always telling them what to do. 父母应该给孩子尽可能多的自由去做他
们想做的事情，而不是总是告诉他们该做什么
Children will be able to better develop a sense of independence and maturity, which
are important leadership qualities. 孩子们将能够更好地培养独立感和成熟感，这
是重要的领导素质
Parents should encourage their children in everything they do, regardless of how well
they do it. 父母应该鼓励孩子做任何事情，不管他们做得有多好
Children will end up becoming more self-confident, and will be more likely to
become a good leader in the future. 孩子们最终会变得更加自信，将来也更有可能
成为一个好的领导者
Leaders should be decisive. 领导者应该果断
Leaders need to give a clear-cut answer to a solution. 领导者需要对解决方案给出
明确的答案
An effective leader should be good at making decisions. 一个有效率的领导者应该
善于决策
Leaders are able to inspire and motivate their team members. 领导者能够激励团队
成员
Older people can do is to help younger people understand what the most important
things to take into consideration are, before they make a decision. 老年人能做的就
是帮助年轻人在做出决定之前了解最重要的事情是什么。
Questions about decisions and making decisions
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1. What do you think are the most important decision that people make in their lives?
你认为人们在他们一生中所做的最重要的决定是什么？
2. What skills are necessary when making decision?
在做决定时需要什么样的技巧？
3. How can people improve their decision-making skills?
人们如何提升自己做决定的技巧？
4. Do you think that parents should make important decisions for their children?
你认为父母应该为他们的孩子做决定吗？
5. In what ways can parents encourage their children to develop leadership abilities?
父母可以通过那种方式鼓励他们的孩子发展自己的领导能力？
6. What are the qualities of a good leader?
好的领导者有什么品质？
10.
Plans 计划／规划
Opinions about plans
Some people like to make plans for pretty much everything they do. 有些人喜欢为
他们做的每件事制定计划
Other people don’t really make many plans and live life in a carefree manner. 其他人
没有真正的计划和生活在一个无忧无虑的方式
People tend to work or study more efficiently if they have made plans in advance. 如
果提前制定计划，人们往往工作或学习效率更高
If students didn’t make any plans, then I think it would be very difficult for them to
carry out the work in a methodical way. 如果学生没有制定任何计划，那么我认为
他们很难有条理地完成这项工作
It’s likely that students will run into a lot of problems if they don’t make plans. 如果
不制定计划，学生很可能会遇到很多问题
Planning well at the beginning will give people a good idea of how to manage their
time. 从一开始就做好计划会让人们对如何管理自己的时间有一个很好的了解
Governments around the world have to make all kinds of plans. 世界各国政府必须
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制定各种计划
Questions about plans
1. What different sorts of personal plans do people usually make in their everyday lives?
人们在日常生活中通常会制定什么样的个人计划？
2. Do you think students need to make plans?
你认为学生应该做计划吗？
3. In general, what sorts of plans do governments usually have?
一般来说，政府通常有哪些计划？
4. Do you think it is necessary to make plans?
你认为做计划是必须的吗？
5. Why do some people like to make a plan before starting a thing?
为什么一些人喜欢在开始做一件事情之前做计划？
11.
Being famous 出名
Opinions about being famous
People mainly become famous from being successful in what they do. 人们主要是因
为在工作中取得成功而出名
Most famous stars are all incredibly good at what they do. 大多数著名的明星都非
常擅长他们的工作
People who are super talented can become famous easily. 超级天才的人很容易成名
People who work extremely hard can be famous. 努力工作的人可能会出名
People who just do something unusual or extraordinary will end up becoming famous.
做一些不寻常或不寻常的事情的人最终会出名
Nowadays it’s relatively easier to become famous because of the Internet. 如今，因为
互联网而出名相对容易些
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Nowadays a lot of people with normal backgrounds have become well-known. 如今，
许多有着正常背景的人已经成为众所周知的人
Most people who became famous several decades ago probably received more
professional training. 几十年前成名的大多数人可能接受过更多的专业培训
Famous stars in the past like pop stars and movie stars can be famous for a long time.
过去著名的明星，如流行歌星和电影明星，可以长期出名
Most famous stars today are like a flash in the pan. 今天最著名的明星就像昙花一
现
Famous stars can be famous in various ways. 明星可以以各种方式出名
People have a totally new definition about stars. 人们对明星有一个全新的定义
Being famous: Advantages
Famous stars are welcomed by people everywhere they go. 明星所到之处都受到人
们的欢迎
Famous stars can influence people. 明星可以影响人
Famous stars can make contributions to the society. 明星可以为社会做出贡献
Famous stars can make much money and lead a high-level life. 著名的明星可以赚
大钱，过上高水平的生活
Young people tend to look up to the celebrities they admire. 年轻人往往仰慕他们崇
拜的名人
Famous stars can inspire and set a good example for the young generation.
明星们
可以激励年轻一代，为他们树立榜样
Being famous: Disadvantages
The most obvious shortcoming would be a lack of privacy. 最明显的缺点是缺乏隐
私
Most celebrities get followed around everywhere by the paparazzi. 大多数名人到处
都被狗仔队跟踪
Some celebrities are under greater pressure than common people. 有些名人比普通
人承受更大的压力
Their words or behaviors can easily be emphasized by the public. 他们的言行很容
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易被公众所强调
Some famous stars don’t have true friends. 有些明星没有真正的朋友
Famous stars can’t lead a life like common people. 明星们不能像普通人那样生活
Questions about being famous
1. How do people become famous?
人们如何变得有名？
2. What types of people become famous in your country?
在你们国家什么样的人会变得有名？
3. Are there any differences between the people who were famous in the past, and the
people who are famous today?
过去有名的人和如今的名人有什么不同吗？
4. What are the good points about being famous?
有名的好处是什么？
5. Are there any disadvantages to being famous?
出名有什么缺点吗？
6. Do you think famous people have much influence on young people?
你认为名人对年轻人有很大的影响吗？
12.
Environment 环境
Opinions about environment
We seem to be facing quite a number of problems, such as air pollution, climate
change, global warming, and water shortage. 我们似乎面临许多问题，如空气污染、
气候变化、全球变暖和水资源短缺
Clean drinking water is in extremely short supply. 清洁饮用水供应极为短缺
If we continue to pollute the water supply, it will have detrimental consequences in
the future. 如果我们继续污染供水，将来将产生有害的后果
The amount of waste we produce has increased. 我们产生的废物量增加了
If something breaks, we will throw it away and buy a new one. 如果有什么东西坏
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了，我们就把它扔掉，买一个新的
Most foods are sold in plastic bags. 大多数食品是用塑料袋包装的
Plastic packaging doesn’t break down easily. 塑料包装不容易破损
People don’t think of the consequences of dropping litter. 人们不会考虑丢垃圾的后
果
People are destroying wildlife habitats. 人们正在破坏野生动物栖息地
Fuels like gas and oil are running out. 汽油和石油等燃料正在耗尽
People don’t have the awareness to protect our environment. 人们没有保护环境的
意识
Most people would agree that it’s essential for big companies to reduce their carbon
emissions. 大多数人都同意大公司减少碳排放是必要的
As far as I can see, the problems caused by fossil fuel emissions and deforestation are
not going to disappear. 据我所知，由化石燃料排放和森林砍伐引起的问题不会消
失
Although some governments and business have taken measures to deal with these
issues, I don’t think they have gone far enough. 尽管一些政府和企业已经采取措施
来处理这些问题，但我认为他们做得还不够
For me, fuel emissions from cars are one of the biggest sources of air pollution. 对我
来说，汽车排放的燃料是空气污染的最大来源之一
I tend to think that some claims about climate change and extreme weather are
exaggerated. I’m more concerned about economic issues and global poverty and
starvation. 我倾向于认为一些关于气候变化和极端天气的说法被夸大了。我更关
心的是经济问题和全球贫困和饥饿
I’m totally against the amount of plastic packaging most manufacturers use for their
products. 我完全反对大多数制造商为其产品使用的塑料包装数量
I don’t think it’s necessary and not only is it a waste of money, it also adds to landfill.
我不认为这是必要的，它不仅浪费金钱，而且还增加了垃圾填埋场
I’d say that companies found to be contaminating rivers and the sea should be heavily
fined. 我想说的是，被发现污染河流和海洋的公司应该被处以重罚
This already happens in my country and it has greatly reduced the amount of water
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pollution in recent years. 这在我国已经发生，近年来大大减少了水污染
In my view, the increase in the number of endangered species is a real cause for
concern. 在我看来，濒危物种数量的增加是一个值得关注的真正原因
That’s way I am a big supporter of charities that support animal and plant reservation.
这就是我对支持动植物保护的慈善机构的大力支持
I don’t believe that some individuals are aware of how serious some of the
environmental issues are. 我不认为有些人知道一些环境问题有多严重
I think the middle and upper classes are more interested in earning as much money as
they can in order to buy as much stuff as they can. 我认为中产阶级和上层阶级更
感兴趣的是尽可能多地赚钱，以便尽可能多地购买东西
And there are many people in my country who live below the poverty line and they
quite literally can't afford to worry about the environment when they're struggling to
put food on the table and just survive. 我国有很多人生活在贫困线以下，当他们努
力把食物放在桌上，勉强生存下来时，他们根本无法为环境担忧
Pollution
A lot of responsibility lies with the government. 政府有很多责任
We all have to take some responsibility if we want to truly get rid of environment
problems. 如果我们真的想解决环境问题，我们都必须承担一些责任
I hardly know where to start! Pollution in the oceans kills fish and so unbalances the
ecosystem, Pollution on land means that whole areas become unfit to live on or to
farm. 我几乎不知道从哪里开始！海洋污染会杀死鱼类，从而使生态系统失去平
衡，陆地污染意味着整个地区不再适合生活或耕作
Habitats are destroyed, which leads to the extinction of hundreds of animal and plant
species. 栖息地被破坏，导致数百种动植物物种灭绝
I'd say, though, that richer countries pollute less themselves but export their pollution
elsewhere, by which I mean that they consume foreign products that have a large
carbon footprint. 不过，我想说的是，较富裕的国家本身污染较少，但将污染出
口到其他地方，我的意思是他们消费的是碳足迹较大的外国产品
It has become fashionable to be green in wealthier nations, especially Western ones,
29
so people make an effort to cycle to work and recycle their waste. 在富裕国家，尤其
是西方国家，绿色已经成为一种时尚，因此人们努力循环工作，回收他们的废物
However, it's quite a shallow attempt at being green, in my opinion, because they still
live in big houses using lots of energy and go on holidays abroad, leaving a trail of
pollution in their wake. 然而，在我看来，想要成为绿色的尝试是很肤浅的，因为
他们仍然生活在大房子里，消耗大量的能源，在国外度假，留下了污染的痕迹
I read an article recently that claimed if we don't change our ways, we will need a
second planet to meet our needs as early as 2030. 我最近读到一篇文章，声称如果
我们不改变我们的方式，我们将需要第二个行星，以满足我们的需要，早在 2030
年
It's frightening to think that we're that greedy, and I'm sure I'm just as guilty as the
next person. 想到我们这么贪心真是太可怕了，我敢肯定我和下一个人一样有罪
I do hold out some hope that things will get so bad that we will realize we really must
act, and we will completely change our destructive habits just in the nick of time. If
not, the planet will surely become uninhabitable. 我确实抱着一些希望，希望事情会
变得如此糟糕，以至于我们会意识到我们真的必须采取行动，我们会在关键时刻
彻底改变我们的破坏性习惯。如果没有，这个星球肯定会变得不适合居住
Solutions to environment problems
A lot of responsibility lies with the government. 政府有很多责任
We all have to take some responsibility if we want to truly get rid of environment
problems. 如果我们真的想解决环境问题，我们都必须承担一些责任
If everyone makes a conscious effort to use green transport whenever possible, then I
think the air quality will improve dramatically. 如果每个人都有意识地尽可能使用
绿色交通工具，那么我认为空气质量将会大大改善
We should be aware of the need to look after and protect the environment. 我们应该
意识到有必要照顾和保护环境
People should live greenly. 人们应该过绿色的生活
We should try to take public transport like bus or subway. 我们应该试着乘坐公共
汽车或地铁之类的公共交通工具
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We should recycle as much as possible. 我们应该尽可能多地回收利用
We should not use throw-away products like paper cups. 我们不应该使用像纸杯这
样的一次性产品
We should not use so much packaging. 我们不应该使用这么多包装
We should learn to recycle and reuse useful stuff. 我们应该学会回收和再利用有用
的东西
Governments should introduce laws to limit emissions from factories. 政府应该出台
法律来限制工厂的排放
Governments need to put money in renewable energy from wind, water and solar
power. 政府需要把资金投入风能、水和太阳能的可再生能源
Governments should make public advertisements to raise people’s awareness to
protect our environment. 政府应该做公共广告来提高人们保护环境的意识
Unless they take actions, there could be severe consequences for future generations.
除非他们采取行动，否则会对后代造成严重后果
If more people left their vehicles at home and walked or shared lifts, this would be
greatly reduced. 如果更多的人把车留在家里，步行或共用电梯，这将大大减少
That’s why it’s so important to educate people, particularly children, so that they
grow up with a good understanding of how to protect our planet from total destruction.
这就是为什么教育人们，特别是孩子们如此重要的原因，使他们在成长过程中对
如何保护我们的星球免遭完全毁灭有了良好的理解
In my view, the responsibility lies with all of us. 在我看来，责任在于我们所有人
However, individuals, at least in my country, aren’t taking action of their own accord,
and nor are businesses; they're just out to make a profit. 然而，至少在我国，个人并
不是自愿采取行动的，也不是企业；他们只是为了赚钱
Therefore, it falls to governments to force people to be greener, for example by fining
companies that release toxic waste into our rivers, or incentivizing us to recycle. 因
此，政府应该迫使人们更加环保，例如对向我们河流中排放有毒废物的公司进行
罚款，或者鼓励我们回收利用
Almost certainly it does, because it is the next generation who will have to take on the
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huge burden of saving the planet. 几乎可以肯定，因为下一代人必须承担拯救地球
的巨大负担
This generation isn't doing enough and is too worried about money, so I pray that the
next one will see the urgency of the situation, and the way to get them to see is to
teach them about the repercussions of a polluting lifestyle such as ours. 这一代人做
得不够，对钱也太担心了，所以我祈祷下一代人能看到形势的紧迫性，让他们看
到的方法是教他们像我们这样的污染性生活方式所带来的影响
Effects of global warming
Sea levels will rise due to the melting of the polar ice caps. 由于极地冰盖的融化，海
平面将会上升
Rising temperature will cause melting of the polar ice caps. 温度升高会导致极地冰
盖融化
More rivers and lakes will dry up as a result of global warming. 由于全球变暖，更多
的河流和湖泊将干涸
Questions about environment
1. What kinds of pollutions are serious in your country?
你们国家什么类型的污染最严重？
2. What do you think is the major environmental problem facing the world today?
你认为目前全球面临的主要环境问题是什么？
3. Who do you think should be responsible for solving these problems?
你认为谁应该负责解决这些环境问题？
4. What can individuals do to protect our environment?
个人应该做什么来保护环境？
5. Do you think individuals should be responsible for pollutions?
你认为个人应该为环境污染负责吗？
6. Why is there a need to involve government in environmental protection?
为什么需要政府参与环境保护？
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7. What can governments do to protect our environment?
政府可以做什么来保护我们的环境？
8. What do you think will be some of the effects of global warming?
你认为全球变暖会带来什么影响？
9. Are people in your country concerned about protecting the environment?
你们国家的人民关心保护环境吗？
10. Does the responsibility for protecting the environment lie with governments or with
individuals?
保护环境的责任在于政府还是个人？
11. Does it help to educate young people on being green?
教育年轻人保护环境有帮助吗？
12. What effects does pollution have on the environment?
污染对环境有什么影响？
13. Do you think we pollute more now than we did fifty years ago?
你认为我们现在的污染比 50 年前多吗？
14. What do you think will happen if we don't reduce current levels of pollution?
如果我们不降低目前的污染水平，你认为会发生什么？
13.
Happiness 幸福
Opinions about happiness
Happiness means different things to different people. 幸福对不同的人意味着不同
的东西
It can be described as a feeling of pleasure or enjoyment. 它可以被描述为一种快乐
或享受的感觉
It’s a feeling that we get when we’re contented with something. 这是一种当我们满
足于某件事时的感觉
It’s a feeling that we get when we’re doing something we enjoy. 这是一种感觉，当
我们做我们喜欢的事情时，我们会得到
Some people see money as a source of happiness whereas others define happiness as
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something deeper. 有些人认为金钱是幸福的源泉，而另一些人则把幸福定义为更
深层次的东西
Most people can get a sense of happiness from their family. 大多数人都能从家人那
里得到幸福感
People feel happy when they are content with most things. 当人们满足于大多数事
情时，他们会感到高兴
What always makes me happy is seeing my friends and family happy. 总是让我高兴
的是看到我的朋友和家人高兴
Doing the things I enjoy always puts me in a happy mood. 做我喜欢的事情总是让
我心情愉快
Money makes us all feel happy to some degree. 金钱在某种程度上使我们都感到快
乐
I’d say it’s only a kind of short-term happiness that we get from money, because the
feeling soon fades. 我想说这只是我们从金钱中得到的一种短期的幸福，因为这种
感觉很快就会消失
I think if we want to enjoy long-term happiness, then it’s really other things that bring
about it, like appreciating what we already have in life. 我认为，如果我们想享受长
期的幸福，那么真正带来幸福的是其他事情，比如欣赏我们生活中已经拥有的东
西
People nowadays have generally become more materialistic, which is a reflection of
the society we now live in. 现在的人们普遍变得更加唯物主义，这反映了我们现
在生活的社会
A lot of happiness now comes from acquiring material goods and possessions, like
houses and cars. 现在很多幸福来自于获得物质物品和财产，比如房子和汽车
It’s natural that being with people we love and feel close to will make us feel happy.
与我们所爱和亲近的人在一起会让我们感到幸福是很自然的
We will be able to create happiness within the family if we show love, support and
appreciate to one another. 如果我们彼此表现出爱、支持和感激，我们就能在家庭
中创造幸福
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People who have a positive outlook on life are more likely to be happy. 对生活持积
极态度的人更可能快乐
People who tend to look on the bright side of things are more likely to be happy. 倾
向于乐观看待事物的人更可能快乐
It’s very possible to go through one’s whole life being happy if you live it in the right
way. 如果你以正确的方式生活，一个人一生都很可能快乐
Most young children seem to be happy most of the time because they’re unaware of
all the pressures of modern-day life. 大多数幼儿似乎大部分时间都很快乐，因为他
们不知道现代生活的所有压力
Older people seem to find happiness from the simple things in life. 老年人似乎从生
活中简单的事情中找到快乐
Some older people feel happy when sitting outside their homes watching the world go
by. 有些老年人坐在家外看着世界过去，感到很高兴
I’d say being in good health is another thing that makes elderly people feel happy. 我
想说身体健康是让老年人感到快乐的另一件事
Most old people have peace of mind, which gives them a feeling of happiness. 大多
数老年人心平气和，这给他们一种幸福感
Old people feel happy when they reflect on all the happy memories from their life. 当
老年人回忆起他们生活中所有的快乐回忆时，他们会感到快乐。
Young people often need a bit of excitement in their lives to feel happy. 年轻人在生
活中常常需要一点刺激才能感到幸福
Questions about happiness
1. What do you think 'happiness' is?
你认为幸福是什么？
2. How do you define happiness?
你如何定义幸福？
3. What are some things that make you happy?
什么事让你感到开心？
4. Do you think different people have different definition about happiness?
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你认为不同的人对幸福有不同的定义吗？
5. Do you think money makes people happy?
你认为金钱使人感到开心吗？
6. Do you think people will be happy when they become richer?
你认为人们变得有钱的时候会很开心吗？
7. Why do people feel happy when they are with members of their family?
为什么人们和家人在一起时会感到幸福？
8. In general, what do you think makes a happy family?
一般来说，你认为什么能让一个家庭幸福？
9. Are the things that make people happy today the same as several decades ago?
今天让人们快乐的事情和几十年前一样吗？
10. What kind of people do you think are most likely to be happy?
你认为哪种人最有可能快乐？
11. Do you think there is any relationship between a person's age and their happiness?
你认为一个人的年龄和他们的幸福有什么关系吗？
12. Some people say the happiest time in people's lives is the period when they are at
school? Do you agree?
有人说，人们生活中最快乐的时刻是上学的时候？你同意吗？
13. Do young people and older people find happiness from the same things?
年轻人和老年人是否从同样的事情中找到快乐？
14. Do you think old people are very happy?
你认为老年人很幸福吗？
14.
Food, Eating habits and Farming
食物／饮食习惯／农业
Opinions about food and eating habits
These days we can get so many different types of food. 最近我们能得到很多不同种
类的食物
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There is a lot more for customers to choose from than where was 50 years ago. 与 50
年前相比，现在客户有更多选择
But because the world population is growing and there are many more problems with
the environment. People are worried that we won’t be able to keep on feeding
everyone in the future. 但由于世界人口不断增长，环境问题也越来越多。人们担
心将来我们不能继续喂养每个人
That’s why scientists are looking into new types of food and the way farmers grow
their crops. 这就是为什么科学家们正在研究新型食品以及农民种植农作物的方
式
Obesity is increasing rapidly and doctors are becoming concerning. 肥胖正在迅速增
加，医生们也越来越担心
Farming methods have developed which produce more crops. 农业方法已经发展，
生产更多的作物
Eating plenty of oily fish can increase concentration levels. 多吃油腻的鱼可以提高
集中精神的能力
More and more young people take extreme measures to lose weight. 越来越多的年
轻人采取极端的减肥措施
People are more interested in foreign cuisine so it is easier to find unusual ingredients
in supermarkets. 人们对外国菜更感兴趣，所以在超市里更容易找到不寻常的配
料
Extreme diets don’t work and can be dangerous. 极端饮食不起作用，而且可能很危
险
It’s much better to lose weight slowly over a period of time – the way you can
maintain the weight loss. 在一段时间内慢慢减肥会更好——这是你保持减肥的方
法
People who have more food choices tend to have less healthy diets. 可供选择的食物
越多的人，饮食越不健康
It seems that being able to choose lots of different foods makes us forget the need to
have a balanced diet. 似乎能够选择很多不同的食物让我们忘记了均衡饮食的必
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要性
If you follow a healthy diet, there is no need to take extra vitamins and minerals. It’s
healthier to eat foods that contain those elements. 如果你遵循健康饮食，就不需要
额外摄入维生素和矿物质。吃含有这些元素的食物更健康
A rise in food allergies is due to environmental factors. There’s a lot more pollution
around now which means we are breathing air that isn’t clean and drinking water
that’s been purified artificially. 食物过敏的增加是由环境因素引起的。现在周围的
污染越来越多，这意味着我们呼吸的是不干净的空气和人工净化的饮用水
Our modern-day eating habits are healthier than they were 100 years ago. 我们现代
的饮食习惯比 100 年前更健康
More people around the world are more prosperous now than in the past, which
means they can afford to eat better. 世界上现在比过去更富裕的人，这意味着他们
可以吃得更好
There is no point in providing food aid to poor nations. It would be more effective to
teach the people there how to produce food for themselves. 向贫穷国家提供粮食援
助毫无意义。教那里的人们如何为自己生产食物会更有效
Cooking should be a compulsory subject for all children. 烹饪应该是所有孩子的必
修课
Unfortunately not all parents teach their children to cook, so they should have classes
in food and nutrition at school. 不幸的是，不是所有的父母都教他们的孩子做饭，
所以他们应该在学校上关于食物和营养的课
I’m worried that it encourages teenagers to try to lose weight when they don’t need to,
and it’s about making a profit rather promoting healthy eating habits. 我担心它会鼓
励青少年在不需要的时候尝试减肥，这是为了赚钱，而不是促进健康的饮食习惯
A balanced diet is essential in order to stay healthy, and understanding which foods
contain carbohydrates, fat, protein and so on helps us to maintain healthy eating habits.
均衡的饮食对保持健康至关重要，了解哪些食物含有碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质
等，有助于我们保持健康的饮食习惯
It’s probably because of the type of crops that traditionally grew there, but modern
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farming methods make it possible to grow anything in any climate. 这可能是因为传
统上生长在那里的作物类型，但现代农业方法使在任何气候下都可以种植任何作
物
The world in running out of food and we have an expanding population, so we will
have to find a way of producing food that provides us with the nutrients we need more
efficiently. 世界粮食短缺，人口不断增加，因此我们必须找到一种生产粮食的方
法，为我们提供更有效的营养
Treating food as fuel encourages us to eat processed food that can be eaten quickly,
instead of taking time to eat fresh food properly prepared and cooked. 把食物当作燃
料，鼓励我们吃加工过的可以很快食用的食物，而不是花时间去吃那些准备好并
煮熟的新鲜食物
Opinions about healthy food and unhealthy food
It’s much better to eat low-fat food, organic fruit and vegetables. 吃低脂食物，有机
水果和蔬菜更好
Some people eat only vegetarian or vegan food. 有些人只吃素食或素食
It is thought that the recent outbreak of food poisoning was caused by contaminated
or improperly cooked food. 据认为，最近爆发的食物中毒是由受污染或不当烹煮
的食物引起的
Some parents avoid foods high in additives as they believe they can cause
hyperactivity in children. 有些父母避免食用含高添加剂的食物，因为他们认为这
些食物会导致儿童多动症
It is generally believed that a diet high in salt can lead to high blood pressure. 人们普
遍认为高盐饮食会导致高血压
Tooth decay is a result of poor oral hygiene and too may high-sugar foods and drinks.
蛀牙是口腔卫生不良的结果，也可能是高糖食物和饮料
A fatty diet can lead to high levels of cholesterol which may in turn lead to heart
disease. 脂肪饮食会导致高胆固醇水平，进而导致心脏病
Some people find that eating too much rich spicy food can give them indigestion. 有
些人发现吃太多丰富的辛辣食物会使他们消化不良
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A poor diet with a lack of sufficient nutrients may result in malnutrition. 营养不足的
不良饮食可能导致营养不良
The most common causes of obesity are a diet high in fat and sugar and a lack of
exercise. 肥胖最常见的原因是饮食中高脂肪和糖和缺乏锻炼
Children who have a poor diet have an inferior intellectual ability. 饮食不良的儿童
智力低下
Children with an unhealthy diet suffer from a lack of vitamins and minerals. 饮食不
健康的儿童缺乏维生素和矿物质
Having a picnic: Advantages and Disadvantages
It’s a very pleasant feeling sitting outside to eat. 坐在外面吃饭是一种很愉快的感
觉
You can enjoy the fresh air and sunny weather while you’re eating outside. 当你在外
面吃饭时，你可以享受新鲜空气和晴朗的天气
It makes a nice change from sitting inside to eat, which we do most of the time. 从坐
在里面到吃饭，这是一个很好的改变，我们大部分时间都是这样做的
You might get mosquitoes or things flying around you, which could get quite
annoying. 你可能会被蚊子或其他东西绕着你飞，这会让你非常恼火。
It’s a bit of an effort carrying all your food and drink to the picnic site. 把你所有的
食物和饮料带到野餐地点有点费力
Eating outdoors and Eating indoors: Differences
If you’re eating outdoors, you are going to be affected by the weather. 如果你在户外
吃饭，你会受到天气的影响
If you’re indoors, then it really doesn’t matter what the weather’s like. 如果你在室
内，那么天气如何并不重要
Eating outside is generally more relaxing than eating inside. 在外面吃饭通常比在里
面吃饭更放松
Eating outside has a kind of calming effect on us. 在外面吃饭对我们有一种镇静作
用
Opinions about having a picnic
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It seems to me that most people either eat at home or at a restaurant, simply as it’s
much less effort than preparing a picnic. 在我看来，大多数人要么在家里吃饭，要
么在餐馆吃饭，简单地说，这比准备野餐要少得多
People probably only have a picnic about two or three times a year. 人们一年大概只
有两三次野餐
People like to go on a picnic in a place away from traffic, because that way it would
be more peaceful. 人们喜欢在远离交通的地方野餐，因为那样会更安静
People like to choose a place with lots of greenery for a picnic, for example sitting on
a nice lawn surrounded by trees and flowers. 人们喜欢选择一个有很多绿色植物的
地方去野餐，例如坐在一个被树和花包围的漂亮草坪上
The first thing people do is go to the supermarket to get all the food, and also things
like disposable cups and plates. 人们做的第一件事就是去超市买所有的食物，还有
像一次性杯子和盘子之类的东西
Eating at home and Eating out: Differences
It is relatively more expensive if you eat out. 你在外面吃饭比较贵
It’s pretty time-saving if you eat in a restaurant because you don’t need to prepare,
cook and wash dishes after a meal. 如果你在餐馆吃饭，这是相当节省时间的，因
为你不需要在饭后准备、烹饪和洗盘子
It’s much healthier and more hygienic to eat at home. 在家吃饭更健康更卫生
People have got chances to enjoy exotic cuisines in a restaurant. 人们有机会在餐馆
里享用异国风味的菜肴
People mainly have homely dishes at home. 人们家里主要有家常菜
Genetically-Modified (GM) Food: Advantages
Farmers can produce crops that grow bigger and faster. 农民可以种植越来越大、越
来越快的作物
Some GM crops can be resistant to disease or insects. 一些转基因作物可以抵抗疾
病或昆虫
GM foods generally look more attractive. 转基因食品通常看起来更有吸引力
GM foods are more tempting to some customers. 转基因食品对一些消费者更具吸
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引力
It is important for food production in developing countries. 它对发展中国家的粮食
生产很重要
Genetically-Modified (GM) Food: Disadvantages
GM foods are against nature. 转基因食品违背自然
GM crops might change whole ecosystems. 转基因作物可能改变整个生态系统
There may be risks in GM foods. 转基因食品可能存在风险
Food chains could be broken. 食物链可能被打破
It will bring about danger to the nature. 它会给大自然带来危险
GM foods are man-made, which means that we are not sure whether they are healthy
or not. 转基因食品是人造的，这意味着我们不确定它们是否健康
Questions about food and having a meal
1. What do you think are the good points and the bad points about eating a picnic?
你认为野餐的好处和坏处是什么？
2. What are some differences between eating in an open-air environment and eating
indoors?
在露天环境中吃饭和在室内吃饭有什么区别？
3. Do Chinese people often have picnics?
中国人经常野餐吗？
4. How often do Chinese people eat out?
中国人多久出去吃饭一次？
5. What sort of place would people choose to go to when they are going on a picnic?
人们野餐时会选择去哪种地方？
6. When people are going to have a picnic, what preparations do they usually do?
当人们准备野餐时，他们通常做什么准备？
7. What’s the difference between eating at home and eating out?
在家吃饭和在外吃饭有什么区别？
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of GM food?
转基因食品的优缺点是什么？
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9. What’s the difference between Chinese food and western food?
中餐和西餐有什么区别？
10. What do you think are healthy foods?
你认为什么是健康食品？
11. Do you think modern people’s eating habits are healthy?
你认为现代人的饮食习惯是健康的吗？
12. What’s your opinion of the diet industry?
你对饮食业有什么看法？
13. Do you think it is helpful to divide foods into different groups?
你认为把食物分成不同的组有帮助吗？
14. Why do you think different countries and cultures have different diets?
你为什么认为不同的国家和文化有不同的饮食？
15. How do you think eating habits will change in the future?
你认为未来饮食习惯将如何改变？
16. What do you think of fast food?
你觉得快餐怎么样？
17. How are eating habits now different from eating habits in the past?
现在的饮食习惯与过去的饮食习惯有何不同？
18. Do you think children should be taught to cook at school?
你认为学校应该教孩子做饭吗？
19. Do you think vegetarian diet can be healthy?
你认为素食可以是健康的吗？
20. What can be done to prevent famine in poor countries?
如何防止贫穷国家发生饥荒？
21. Why do you think there are now more people who have an allergic reaction to some
foods?
你为什么认为现在有更多的人对某些食物过敏？
22. How do you feel about dietary supplements?
你对膳食补充剂有何看法？
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15.
Health and Keeping fit 健康
Opinions about health
I would argue that the invention of TV has led to people being much too sedentary.
我认为电视的发明导致人们久坐不动
I know some people who refuse to have a television because they think that without
one they are much more likely to keep active – it’s very easy to become a couch
potato with a television. 我知道有些人拒绝看电视，因为他们认为如果没有电视，
他们更有可能保持活跃——很容易成为一个电视迷
Most people work in offices so they just sit in a chair all day long and only move to
go to the photocopier. 大多数人在办公室工作，所以他们整天坐在椅子上，只去
影印机
People used to work the land from morning till night. Obesity was unknown then,
except among the super rich, I imagine. 人们过去从早到晚都在这片土地上工作。
那时，肥胖是未知的，除了超级富豪，我想
Parents should set a good example. 父母应该树立一个好榜样
Schools have a crucial role to play. 学校起着至关重要的作用
Not only can they offer a wide range of sports for children to play, but they can also
teach them about eating a balanced diet, and the negative effects of eating junk food
and not exercising. 他们不仅可以为孩子们提供各种各样的运动，而且还可以教他
们均衡饮食，以及吃垃圾食品和不运动的负面影响
If children don’t hear all this from home, they have to hear it from somewhere, and I
would argue that it’s the school’s responsibility. 如果孩子们不从家里听到这些，他
们必须从某个地方听到，我认为这是学校的责任
Once they get a taste for playing sports, they will love the sense of achievement it can
give them and the feeling of camaraderie with teammates. 一旦他们对运动有了兴
趣，他们就会喜欢运动带给他们的成就感和与队友之间的友谊
The best way to keep fit is to do exercise that raises your heart rate. 保持健康的最好
方法是做能提高心率的运动
The heart is a muscle and has to be worked like any other muscle. 心脏是一块肌肉，
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必须像其他肌肉一样工作
So golf, in my opinion, is not the best form of exercise. Something like jogging or
swimming or surfing is much more beneficial. 所以在我看来，高尔夫不是最好的运
动方式。像慢跑、游泳或冲浪之类的活动更有益
I think most people feel it is something they should do. 我想大多数人都觉得这是他
们应该做的事情
That is a mistake, as far as I'm concerned, because the best way to exercise is not to
think about the fitness aspect and just have fun. 就我而言，这是一个错误，因为最
好的锻炼方式不是考虑健身方面，而是尽情享受
You can exercise without even noticing you're doing it if you play volleyball with
your friends, or go snorkelling, or go for a long walk on a sunny day, or something
like that. 如果你和你的朋友打排球，或者去浮潜，或者在阳光明媚的日子里散步，
或者诸如此类的事情，你甚至可以在不注意到自己在做的情况下进行锻炼
I would say the most popular form of exercise is going to the gym. 我想说最流行的
运动形式是去健身房
I'm in two minds about the gym as a way to keep fit. On the one hand, it is convenient.
But on the other hand, a gym is a very controlled environment, somewhat lacking in
imagination and spontaneity. 我对健身房作为保持健康的一种方式有两种看法。一
方面，它很方便。但另一方面，健身房是一个非常可控的环境，缺乏想象力和自
发性
I'm highly skeptical of the idea that governments should force their citizens to be
healthy. People ought to be encouraged to lead healthy lives, but not forced to. 我对
政府应该强迫公民健康的想法持高度怀疑态度。人们应该被鼓励过健康的生活，
但不是被迫的
They could, for example, run an ad campaign showing people how to eat a balanced
diet – that you need to eat some carbohydrates, some vegetables and fruit, some meat
and so on. 例如，他们可以开展一个广告活动，向人们展示如何均衡饮食——你
需要吃一些碳水化合物、一些蔬菜和水果、一些肉等等
I think most people don't know that. But I'm unconvinced that trying to force people
into healthy habits would work because when bullied like that people tend to resent it
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and react by sticking even more firmly with their unhealthy lifestyles. 我想大多数人
都不知道。但我不相信强迫人们养成健康的习惯会起作用，因为当被这样的欺负
时，人们往往会怨恨这种习惯，并且会更加坚定地坚持他们不健康的生活方式
The one area where I strongly believe legislation is necessary is with smoking.
Smokers can harm others through passive smoking so they should not be allowed to
smoke in public places. In fact, this has just recently been outlawed in my country. 我
坚信有必要立法的一个领域就是吸烟。吸烟者可以通过被动吸烟伤害他人，因此
不应该允许他们在公共场所吸烟。事实上，这在我国刚刚被取缔
Questions about health
1. What’s the best way to keep healthy?
保持健康的最佳方法是什么？
2. Do you think people in your country are less healthy than they used to be?
你认为你们国家的人比以前健康吗？
3. How can we encourage young people to stay healthy?
我们如何鼓励年轻人保持健康？
4. Do you think most people consider exercise a chore or do they find it fun?
你认为大多数人认为锻炼是一项家务活还是觉得很有趣？
5. What is the most popular form of exercise in your country?
你们国家最流行的运动形式是什么？
6. Should governments intervene to force people to be healthier?
政府是否应该干预以迫使人们更健康？
16.
Advertising 广告
Opinions about advertising
There's too much advertising in our daily lives. 我们的日常生活中广告太多了
It seems that wherever we look nowadays, there’s something being advertised. 现在
无论我们到哪里去看，好像都有广告
It’s almost impossible going anywhere without seeing an advertisement. 几乎看不到
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没有广告的地方
It feels like we’re being constantly bombarded with information. 感觉就像我们不断
地被信息轰炸
There’s a pretty huge number of ways that products and services are advertised, you
know, such as TV, radio, newspaper, and Internet, just to name a few. 你知道，产品
和服务的广告有很多种方式，比如电视、广播、报纸和互联网，等等
Almost every website you go on now has advertising of some sort on it. 现在你所浏
览的几乎每个网站上都有某种类型的广告
I think new products are most in need of advertising. 我认为新产品最需要广告
If it’s a mass-market product, TV advertising would be the most effective. 如果是大
众市场产品，电视广告将是最有效的
If it’s a niche product, you’re better off using a more focused means of advertising,
like putting advertisements on websites that are related to that particular product or
service. 如果它是一个小众产品，你最好使用更集中的广告方式，比如在与特定
产品或服务相关的网站上投放广告
Commercialism in society goes hand in hand with advertising. 社会上的商业主义与
广告密切相关
Everywhere would just get filled up with advertisements if there are no controls or
restrictions. 如果没有控制或限制，任何地方都会充斥着广告
There should be some controls or restrictions about the content of advertisements. 广
告内容应该有一些控制或限制
Music in advertisements has is that it makes adverts more memorable. 广告中的音乐
使广告更加令人难忘
If an advertisement has a catchy tune to it, it tends to stay in the mind longer. 如果一
个广告有一个朗朗上口的调子，它往往停留在头脑中更长的时间
Advertisements can have both positive and negative effects on children. 广告对儿童
既有正面影响，也有负面影响
Some advertisements can help give children a better understanding of the things they
see and use in their daily life. 一些广告可以帮助孩子更好地了解他们在日常生活
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中看到和使用的东西
A lot of the things that are advertised aren’t suitable for young children. 很多广告宣
传的东西不适合小孩子
The main purpose is just to increase the sales of whatever product or service is being
advertised. 其主要目的是增加任何产品或服务的销售
A good advertisement is one which makes you want to buy the product or service it’s
advertising. 一个好的广告就是让你想购买它的产品或服务的广告。
A good advertisement should be persuasive. 好的广告应该有说服力
People tend to remember the advertisements that are funny. 人们往往会记住那些有
趣的广告
Memorable advertisements tend to have a catchy slogan, you know, one that sticks in
your mind. 令人难忘的广告往往有一个吸引人的口号，你知道，一个坚持在你的
脑海里
Positives for advertising
Advertising is a key part of modern business. 广告是现代商业的重要组成部分
It can help increase the awareness of a product or service. 它可以帮助提高对产品或
服务的认识
Companies need to tell customers about their product and service. 公司需要告诉客
户他们的产品和服务
Customers have more choices after watching an advertisement. 顾客在看广告后有
更多的选择
There will be higher unemployment rate without advertising. 没有广告的失业率会
更高
Advertising is a form of modern art. 广告是现代艺术的一种形式
Some advertisements are influential like public advertisements. 有些广告像公共广
告一样有影响力
Negatives for advertising
Advertising manipulates people. 广告可以操纵人
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We now live in a consumer culture. 我们现在生活在消费文化中
People are persuaded to follow the latest trends and buy more goods. 人们被说服跟
随最新的趋势，购买更多的商品
Advertisements have negative effects on young children. 广告对幼儿有负面影响
Advertisements will make children pester their parents to buy things for them. 广告
会让孩子缠着父母为他们买东西
Questions about advertising
1. What are the pros and cons of advertising?
广告的利弊是什么？
2. Do you think there's too much advertising in our daily lives?
你认为我们的日常生活中有太多的广告吗？
3. Do you think advertisements should be banned?
你认为应该禁止广告吗？
4. Why there is too much advertising in our daily lives?
为什么我们的日常生活中广告太多？
5. What are the different ways that products and services are advertised in society today?
产品和服务在当今社会的广告宣传方式有哪些不同？
6. Which do you think is the most effective means of advertising?
你认为哪种广告方式最有效？
7. Do you think the number of advertisements will increase in the future?
你认为未来广告数量会增加吗？
8. Do you think there should be some controls or restrictions placed on the advertising
industry?
你认为应该对广告业实施一些控制或限制吗？
9. What impact on people does music in advertisements have?
广告中的音乐对人们有什么影响？
10. What effects can advertisements have on young children?
广告对幼儿有什么影响？
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11. What is the purpose of advertising?
广告的目的是什么？
12. What makes a good advertisement?
什么是好广告？
13. What types of advertisements do people remember best?
人们最容易记得哪种类型的广告？
17.
Libraries and Books 图书馆和书
Opinions about libraries and books
Pretty much every city has a public library. 几乎每个城市都有公共图书馆
A lot of libraries tend to have old books that are out of print. 许多图书馆的旧书往
往已经绝版
A lot of libraries have books that you are not able to find in a bookshop. 很多图书馆
都有书店里找不到的书
Libraries have a much wider range of books than bookstores, especially when it
comes to things like academic and specialist books. 图书馆的书比书店的范围要广
泛得多，尤其是在学术和专业书籍方面
I think that every university should have its own library because books are a great
source of knowledge. 我认为每一所大学都应该有自己的图书馆，因为书籍是知识
的重要来源
I’d say libraries are one of the most important things that a university should have. 我
想说图书馆是大学应该拥有的最重要的东西之一
It would be impossible to get a decent university education without having easy
access to a library. 如果没有一个图书馆，就不可能得到一个体面的大学教育。
Books have been in existence for hundreds of years. 书籍已经存在了数百年
We’ve been able to pass on knowledge from generation to generation through books.
我们能够通过书本把知识一代一代地传下去
Information that is stored through other means can disappear or get lost very easily.
通过其他方式存储的信息很容易消失或丢失
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A book is a real object that is a lot easier to preserve information over time. 一本书
是一个真实的物体，随着时间的推移，它更容易保存信息
People in China often go to libraries because they’re free, unlike most other things
nowadays. 中国人经常去图书馆，因为他们是免费的，不像现在的大多数其他事
情
Libraries should have is a decent seating area, with Internet access of course, where
people can go to either read or do their work in a quiet environment. 图书馆应该有
一个体面的座位区，当然有互联网接入，人们可以在安静的环境中阅读或工作
I think that libraries will always be a valuable service for anyone with an interest in
books and just learning in general. 我认为图书馆对于任何对书籍感兴趣的人来说
都将是一项有价值的服务，而且只是一般的学习
I don't think it's important to read. You can be entertained by films and you can be
educated via the television, watching documentaries and so on. 我认为读书不重要。
你可以通过电影来娱乐，也可以通过电视、看纪录片等方式接受教育
Libraries: Advantages
Libraries provide areas where you can sit down to read or study because the quiet
environment helps them get more work done. 图书馆提供了你可以坐下来阅读或
学习的地方，因为安静的环境可以帮助他们完成更多的工作
Libraries generally have a pretty good selection of books, which are all free to read.
图书馆一般都有很好的书籍选择，这些书籍都是免费的
It’s a good place to browse through books without feeling any pressure to buy them.
这是一个浏览书籍的好地方，不会感到任何购买压力
Libraries tend to have seating areas where you can sit down and read for as long as
you want without being bothered by anyone. 图书馆往往有座位区，在那里你可以
坐下来阅读，只要你想，而不被任何人打扰
A lot of people can’t afford a good education, or even books for that matter, and so
libraries are one of the few places where everyone can go to either enrich their
knowledge or simply just read for pleasure. 很多人负担不起良好的教育，甚至连书
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都买不起，所以图书馆是少数几个人人都可以去的地方之一，要么充实自己的知
识，要么只是为了消遣而读书
Good Libraries
Good libraries should offer are meeting rooms, where people can get together in small
groups and have discussions without disturbing others in the library. 好的图书馆应
该提供会议室，在那里人们可以小团体聚在一起讨论而不打扰图书馆的其他人
One thing that libraries could do would be to invite authors to come and talk about
their books, which might increase people’s interest in reading. 图书馆可以做的一件
事是邀请作者来讨论他们的书，这可能会增加人们对阅读的兴趣
Libraries can arrange a book club, or something like that, where people could get
together in the library to discuss various books they’ve read. 图书馆可以安排一个
读书俱乐部，或者类似的，人们可以在图书馆聚在一起讨论他们读过的各种书籍
People will probably be able to develop a deeper appreciation of books by doing so.
通过这样做，人们可能能够加深对书籍的欣赏
Reading at home and Reading in libraries: Differences
People here generally prefer reading at home, simply because it’s a lot less effort than
going all the way to the library to read. 这里的人们通常喜欢在家读书，简单地说，
这比一路去图书馆读书要省力得多
Going to the library might actually offer a more comfortable environment in which to
read. 去图书馆实际上可能会提供一个更舒适的阅读环境
People can take advantage of the free air-conditioning by going to the library to read.
人们可以利用免费的空调去图书馆看书
Questions about libraries
1. Are there many public libraries in your country?
你们国家有很多公共图书馆吗？
2. Do people in China prefer to read in a library or at home?
中国人喜欢在图书馆读书还是在家读书？
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3. What can people read in a library that they can’t read in other places?
在其他地方不能阅读的图书馆，人们可以阅读什么？
4. With the rapid development of technology today, do you think we still need books in
the future?
随着当今科技的飞速发展，你认为我们未来还需要书籍吗？
5. Do people in China often go to libraries?
中国人经常去图书馆吗？
6. Why do you think a library is a good place for reading?
你为什么认为图书馆是读书的好地方？
7. Should the government spend more money on libraries?
政府应该把更多的钱花在图书馆上吗？
8. Do you think public libraries should be free of charge?
你认为公共图书馆应该免费吗？
9. How do you think libraries can encourage people to read more?
你认为图书馆如何能鼓励人们阅读更多的书？
10. What services and facilities should a good library have, besides lending books?
一个好的图书馆除了借书外，还应该有哪些服务和设施？
11. Do you think we will still need libraries in the future?
你认为我们将来还需要图书馆吗？
18.
Changes (now and the past) 变化
TV Programs: Changes
There used to be only a limited variety of programs, whereas nowadays, there is a
much wider range of things on TV, such as talent, reality and dating shows. 过去，电
视节目的种类有限，而现在，电视上的节目范围更广，如才艺、真人秀和约会节
目
TV programs nowadays are all in color, whereas in the past they used to all be in
black and white. 现 在 的 电 视 节 目 都 是 彩 色 的 ， 而 过 去 它 们 都 是 黑 白 的
Relationship Between Neighbors: Changes
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People don’t really see their neighbors all that often nowadays, whereas in the past,
they used to do quite a lot of things together. 现在人们并不经常见到邻居，而过去，
他们经常一起做很多事情
People used to have their neighbors over for lunch or dinner, which doesn’t really
happen that much anymore. 人们过去常常邀请邻居来吃午饭或晚餐，但现在这种
情况已经不多了
Cities: Changes
Cities have become a lot more built-up. 城市已经变得越来越发达了
There are considerably more high-rise buildings than there used to be. 那里的高层建
筑比以前多得多
The traffic in cities has got quite a lot worse in most cities, simply because there are
far more cars on the road than there used to be. 城市的交通状况在大多数城市都变
得非常糟糕，仅仅是因为路上的汽车比过去多得多
Getting A Job: Changes
It’s definitely more difficult to get a job nowadays than it was in the past. 现在找工
作肯定比过去困难得多
In the past, there was generally less competition for jobs. 在过去，对工作的竞争通
常比较少
Nowadays, there are millions of graduates looking around for jobs. 如今，有数以百
万计的毕业生在四处寻找工作
Nowadays, it’s extremely difficult finding a decent, high-paid job, unless of course
you have good personal connections. 如今，要找到一份体面、高薪的工作是非常
困难的，除非你有良好的人际关系
In the past, people were actually assigned jobs after completing university. 在过去，
人们实际上是在大学毕业后被分配工作的
Getting a job was pretty much guaranteed in the past. 过去得到一份工作是很有保
障的
Furniture: Changes
In the past, furniture mostly used to be made of wood, whereas nowadays, there’s a
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huge variety of different materials that are used for making furniture. 过去，家具大
多是用木头做的，而现在，有很多不同的材料被用来做家具
People’s tastes about furniture are diversifying as their standard of living improves.
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对家具的品味正在多样化
Getting News: Changes
In the past, people mainly used to receive news through the TV, radio and newspaper,
whereas nowadays, the Internet has become the main channel for obtaining news. 过
去，人们主要通过电视、广播和报纸接收新闻，而现在，互联网已成为获取新闻
的主要渠道
Micro Blog has also become a popular way of receiving and spreading news. 微博也
成为一种流行的新闻接收和传播方式
Relaxing: Changes
People mainly used to relax in front of the TV, whereas nowadays, people are moving
away from the TV and spending more time on the computer instead. 人们过去主要
是在电视机前放松，而现在，人们正远离电视机，更多的时间花在电脑上
A lot of people now, especially young people, like going to a café, a shopping centre
or a KTV to relax with their friends. 现在很多人，尤其是年轻人，喜欢去咖啡馆、
购物中心或 KTV 和朋友们一起放松
Toys: Changes
In the past, toys used to be quite simple and basic, whereas nowadays, I think they’ve
become a bit more sophisticated. 在过去，玩具是相当简单和基本的，而现在，我
认为他们已经变得有点复杂了
The range of toys on the market now is far wider than it used to be. 现在市场上的玩
具种类比以前大得多
Children’s activities: Changes
Nowadays kids spend a crazy amount of time on the computer, whereas in the past,
they hardly touched computers, mainly because not that many families had computers
back then. 如今，孩子们花了大量的时间在电脑上，而在过去，他们几乎不接触
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电脑，主要是因为那时不是很多家庭都有电脑
More and more children nowadays have mobile phones, which they seem to use
mainly for playing games on, and this didn’t use to be the case in the past. 现在越来
越多的孩子有手机，他们似乎主要用手机玩游戏，而这在过去并不是这样
Stress: Changes
Living costs have got a lot higher today. 今天生活费上涨了很多
Competition’s so fierce nowadays.当今竞争如此激烈
It’s becoming increasingly more difficult finding a decent job with good pay today.
如今找一份薪水高的体面工作越来越困难了
In the past, there didn’t use to be so many things to worry about, because life was
basically a lot simpler back then. 过去，人们不必担心太多事情，因为那时的生活
基本上简单多了
Questions about Changes (now and the past)
1. How have TV programs changed in China?
中国的电视节目有何变化？
2. How has the relationship between neighbours changed between now and the past?
现在和过去的邻居关系有何变化？
3. Have cities changed much in your country in the past few decades?
在过去几十年中，你们国家的城市发生了很大变化吗？
4. Is it easier or more difficult to get a job today than in the past?
今天找工作比过去容易还是困难？
5. Is the material that furniture is made from today different to the material that was used
in the past?
今天家具所用的材料与过去使用的材料不同吗？
6. How has the way people get news changed?
人们获取新闻的方式如何改变？
7. Are there any differences in the way people relax today compared to the past?
与过去相比，今天人们放松的方式有什么不同吗？
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8. How have toys changed?
玩具是如何改变的？
9. What are the differences in the things that children do now and what they did in the
past?
孩子们现在做的事情和过去做的事情有什么不同？
19.
Differences 区别
Music that old people and young people listen to
Young people, on the whole, mainly like listening to pop music, whereas the older
generation tends to prefer listening to more traditional music, like folk music, Chinese
opera, and even old revolutionary songs. 总的来说，年轻人主要喜欢听流行音乐，
而老年人更喜欢听传统音乐，如民歌、中国歌剧，甚至是革命老歌
Young people not only listen to Chinese music, but also listen to foreign music,
whereas in contrast, I think that most elderly people just tend to listen to Chinese
music. 年轻人不仅听中国音乐，而且听外国音乐，而相比之下，我认为大多数
老年人只喜欢听中国音乐
Living in cities and Living in the countryside
Living in rural areas is generally a lot more relaxing than living in urban areas,
basically because the pace of life is relatively slower and more laid-back. 农村生活
一般比城市生活轻松得多，基本上是因为生活节奏比较慢，比较悠闲
In the countryside, there are generally not as many things to do as there are living in
cities. 在农村，通常没有城市生活那么多事情要做
The city centre and the suburbs
The city centre tends to be the most built-up area of the city while everything’s
usually a lot more spread out in the outskirts. 城市中心往往是城市中建成面积最大
的区域，而所有的东西通常都分布在郊区
The city centre is where most of the main commercial buildings are situated, like
shopping malls and office blocks, whereas the suburbs are generally much more
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residential. 市中心是大多数主要商业建筑的所在地，如购物中心和办公楼，而郊
区通常更为居住
The traffic in the downtown areas tends to get horrendously congested, whereas in the
outskirts, the traffic’s normally not too bad. 市中心的交通往往会变得异常拥挤，而
郊区的交通通常不会太拥挤
Writing a letter and Sending a message
Texting is pretty cheap and super fast, whereas writing a letter costs more and takes a
lot longer. 发短信既便宜又快，但是写一封信要花费更多的时间
Communicating by phone and in person
Communication is generally pretty clear when chatting in person, whereas in contrast,
talking on the phone can often be unclear if the line is bad. 当面对面聊天时，沟通通
常是相当清晰的，而相比之下，在电话中交谈往往不清楚如果线路是坏的
When talking on the phone, you can’t see a person’s facial expression, whereas it is
possible to misunderstand someone’s real meaning just by listening to their voice. 在
打电话时，你看不到一个人的面部表情，而仅仅通过听他的声音就可能误解他的
真实意思
Home furniture and Office furniture
Home furniture tends to come in a much greater variety of styles than office furniture,
simply because most people want their homes to look unique. 家庭家具往往比办公
室家具有更多的风格，这仅仅是因为大多数人希望他们的房子看起来独特
For offices, the most important thing is functionality, so the practicality and comfort
of the furniture is far more important than the style. 对于办公室来说，最重要的是
功能性，所以家具的实用性和舒适性远比风格重要
Travelling between young and old people
Young people generally like doing quite exciting and energetic things. 年轻人通常
喜欢做一些令人兴奋和充满活力的事情
The elderly tend to simply like relaxing when they go on a holiday. 老年人喜欢度假
时放松一下
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Questions about Differences
1. What are the differences in the music that young and old people listen to?
年轻人和老年人听音乐有什么不同？
2. What are the differences between living in cities and living in the countryside?
城市生活和农村生活有什么区别？
3. What are the differences between a city centre and the suburbs?
市中心和郊区有什么区别？
4. What are the differences between writing a letter and sending a text message?
写信和发短信有什么区别？
5. What are the differences in communicating by phone and in person?
电话沟通和面对面的沟通有什么区别？
6. Is there much difference between home furniture and office furniture?
家居家具和办公家具有什么区别吗？
7. What are the differences between young people and old people when they go
travelling?
年轻人和老年人在旅行时有什么区别？
20.
Team 团队合作
Teamwork
Teamwork is extremely important. 团队合作非常重要
So much of what we do in life involves working together with others. 我们在生活中
所做的很多事情都涉及到与他人一起工作
What we can achieve with others is so much more than what we can achieve
individually. 我们能与他人一起实现的远不止我们能单独实现的
Team members
Good team members should be the willing to listen to and accept other people’s
opinions. 好的团队成员应该愿意倾听和接受别人的意见
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Good team members should have easy-going attitude, which will make it easier to get
on well with the other members of the team, and in so doing, strengthen the team
spirit. 好的团队成员应该有随和的态度，这样可以更容易与团队的其他成员相处
融洽，从而增强团队精神
Good members can carry out their role to the best of their ability. 优秀的成员可以尽
其所能地履行自己的职责
Good team players can help out other members of the team who might be struggling
with their work and falling behind. 优秀的团队成员可以帮助团队中其他可能在工
作中遇到困难并落后的成员
Good team members are not just concerned with their own work, but that of the whole
team. 优秀的团队成员不仅关心自己的工作，而且关心整个团队的工作
Team Leader
Having a leader would make the group far more organized and effective. 如果有一
个领导者，这个团队就会更有组织性和效率
I’d say the larger the team is, the more necessary it is to have a leader. 我想说，团队
越大，就越有必要有一个领导
A team leader should make sure everyone in the team is clear about what they are
trying to achieve一个团队领导应该确保团队中的每个人都清楚他们想要达到的
目标
A team leader needs to assign roles to each member accordingly. 团队领导需要相应
地为每个成员分配角色
It’s the leader’s responsibility to solve problems. 解决问题是领导的责任
Children in a Team
It’s a great way to help children develop their communication and teamwork skills.
这是帮助孩子们培养沟通和团队合作能力的好方法
It has a positive effect on young children’s future. 它对幼儿的未来有积极的影响
Playing group games or sports would be a very effective way of developing children’s
sense of teamwork. 参加集体游戏或体育运动是培养儿童团队合作意识的一种非
常有效的方式
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Questions about team
1. Do you think teamwork is important?
你认为团队合作很重要吗？
2. What qualities do you think a good team member should have?
你认为一个好的团队成员应该具备哪些素质？
3. How does a good member of a team contribute to the team?
一个好的团队成员如何为团队做出贡献？
4. Do you think a team needs to have a leader?
你认为一个团队需要一个领导者吗？
5. How should a team leader do his or her job?
团队领导应该如何工作？
6. Do you think it's important for children to have experiences doing things in a team?
你认为孩子们在团队中做事情有经验很重要吗？
7. Do you have any ideas on how to help children learn to co-operate with others and
work as a team?
你对如何帮助孩子学会与他人合作和团队合作有什么想法吗？
21.
Toys 玩具
Opinions about toys
Nowadays, parents splash out on expensive toys for their children. 现在，父母为他们
的孩子们花大价钱玩具上
I believe that toys need to be safe and environmental-friendly. 我相信玩具需要安全
和环境友好
I think that parents need to choose toys carefully. 我想父母需要认真选择玩具
Parents should take into consideration how the toys might benefit their children. 父母
应该考虑玩具如何能使他们的孩子受益
Parents should give much thought to the possible impact of the toys on their child’s
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development, such as enjoyment and educational value. 父母应给予儿童玩具对其
发展可能产生的影响，如欣赏和教育价值
I imagine that toys are more likely to be more user-friendly and multi-functional in
the future. 我想玩具未来会成为的用户友好型和多功能的玩具
Toys: Changes
In the past, toys used to be simple and basic, whereas nowadays, they’ve become a bit
more sophisticated. 在过去，玩具是简单而基本的，现如今，它们变得越来越复
杂
The range of toys on the market now is far wider than it used to be. 现在市场上玩具
的范围远远超过以往
Questions about toys
1. Do you think it's good for parents to spend a lot of money on toys for their children?
你认为父母把钱花在玩具上是好事吗？
2. What should parents pay attention to when they buy toys for their children?
当他们为自己的孩子买玩具时，父母应该给予什么注意？
3. How have toys changed?
玩具有什么变化？
22.
Building 建筑
Opinions about old buildings
Old buildings get demolished because they might not be safe to live in anymore. 旧
建筑被拆毁，因为它们可能再也不能安全居住了
A lot of old buildings get knocked down because the government’s decided that it
would be better to put up a new building in its place. 许多旧建筑被拆毁，因为政府
决定在原处建一座新建筑更好
Tourists prefer to see old buildings because they have a lot more history and culture
attached to them. 游客喜欢看老建筑，因为他们有更多的历史和文化
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There’s a lot of culture that is embedded in historical buildings. 历史建筑中有很多
文化
Old buildings are often considered to be works of art. 老建筑通常被认为是艺术品
Old buildings show us how people lived in the past. 旧建筑向我们展示了过去人们
的生活方式
Historic buildings are part of a country’s heritage. 历史建筑是一个国家遗产的一部
分
If historical buildings weren’t preserved, then a lot of culture would be lost. 如果不
保存历史建筑，很多文化就会消失
If it wasn’t for historical buildings, then most cities would look pretty much the same.
如果不是历史建筑，那么大多数城市看起来都差不多
Historic buildings play a very strong role in giving a city its identity. 历史建筑在赋
予一个城市独特性方面起着非常重要的作用
The style of a building's design is pretty important because essentially the style should
accord with the purpose of the building. 建筑的设计风格是非常重要的，因为其本
质上应符合建筑的目的
Opinions about modern buildings
Modern buildings should be designed to be more environmental-friendly. 现代建筑
的设计应该更环保
Modern glass buildings become more popular because they take advantage of natural
light. 现代玻璃建筑由于利用了自然光而变得更加流行
Questions about building
1. Why do some old buildings get demolished?
为什么要拆除一些老建筑？
2. Do you think tourists prefer to see old buildings or new buildings?
你认为游客喜欢看旧建筑还是新建筑？
3. Do you think historic buildings should be preserved?
你认为历史建筑应该保留吗？
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4. Do you think the style of a building's design is important?
你认为建筑物的设计风格重要吗？
23.Opinions about history and historical buildings 历史和历
史建筑
Many young people don’t see history as being that important to them. 许多年轻人并
不认为历史对他们来说如此重要
A lot of young people nowadays don’t feel that history has a direct impact on their
own lives. 现在很多年轻人并不认为历史对他们自己的生活有直接的影响
We can take history as a mirror. 我们可以把历史当作一面镜子
History quite often repeats itself. 历史经常重演
We should be able to avoid making the same mistakes as we did in the past if we’ve
learnt history well. 如果我们学好了历史，就应该避免犯和过去一样的错误
History plays a big part in helping us understand how things came to being. 历史在
帮助我们理解事物的形成过程中起着重要作用
History makes us better appreciate everything we have around us, instead of just
taking it for granted. 历史让我们更好地欣赏身边的一切，而不是把它当作理所当
然
History makes us better appreciate our traditional culture. 历史使我们更好地欣赏我
们的传统文化
We can pick ancient people’s brains when learning history. 我们可以在学习历史的
时候挑选出古人的大脑
If we are watching history documentaries, it definitely helps in acquiring knowledge
about history. 如果我们在看历史纪录片，它肯定有助于我们了解历史
Old buildings play an important role in preserving history. 古建筑在保存历史方面
起着重要作用
Historic buildings are a visual reminder of our past. 历史建筑是我们过去的视觉提
醒
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Without historical buildings, it would be all too easy to forget about the history of a
place. 没有历史建筑，很容易忘记一个地方的历史
Historic buildings serve as a greater reminder of our history. 历史建筑更能提醒我
们的历史
History courses at school could be made more interesting. 学校的历史课可以变得
更有趣
Teacher should take students out more to visit history museums or historic buildings.
老师应该带学生多出去参观历史博物馆或历史建筑
More history documentaries will have a positive effect on developing people’s
interest in history. 更多的历史纪录片将对发展人们对历史的兴趣产生积极的影
响
Parents play an important role in sparking their children’s interest in history. 父母在
激发孩子对历史的兴趣方面起着重要作用
Ancient history can each us far more than modern history. 远古的历史比现代的历
史更能使我们彼此相提并论
Preserving historical sites for coming generations is a priority in today’s world. 为后
代保存历史遗迹是当今世界的首要任务
They seem to be very popular. 他们似乎很受欢迎
The last time I went to visit a historical site myself, I was struck by the number of
families there with young children, I don't think these sites are popular with young
couples, necessarily, but it looks to me as though when those couples have children
they suddenly develop a new appreciation for those places. 上次我自己去参观一个
历史遗址时，我对那里有孩子的家庭数量感到震惊，我不认为这些遗址一定会受
到年轻夫妇的欢迎，但在我看来，当那些夫妇有孩子时，他们突然对这些地方产
生了新的欣赏
I suppose they think that finding out about the history of their region and country is an
important component in bringing up their children. 我想他们认为了解他们所在地
区和国家的历史是抚养孩子的重要组成部分
When a developer wants to build a new shopping Centre in my country, for example,
they are obliged to conduct an archeological survey. If any remains are found,
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archeologists have to be given time to study it. I think this is marvelous. 例如，当一
个开发商想在我国建立一个新的购物中心时，他们必须进行考古调查。如果发现
任何遗迹，考古学家必须有时间研究它。我觉得这太棒了
So I think old and new can work side by side and you don't necessarily have to choose
between them. 所以我认为新旧可以并肩工作，你不必在两者之间做出选择
I think many of them will continue to be given funding because people realize that
you can make lots of money by attracting visitors to historical sites, On the other hand,
some are so dilapidated that they require enormous amounts of investment and I'm not
sure they will survive into the future - some old manor houses, for example. 我认为
他们中的许多人将继续获得资金，因为人们意识到，你可以通过吸引游客到历史
遗迹来赚很多钱，另一方面，有些人非常破旧，需要大量的投资，我不确定他们
是否能活到未来——例如，一些老庄园的房子
Questions about history and historical buildings
1. Do young people feel that history is very important?
年轻人觉得历史很重要吗？
2. What is the value of learning about history?
学习历史有什么价值？
3. Do you think old buildings play an important role in preserving history?
你认为古建筑在保存历史方面起着重要作用吗？
4. Do you think historical buildings should be preserved?
你认为历史建筑应该保留吗？
5. How can we develop children’s interest in history?
我们如何培养儿童对历史的兴趣？
6. Are historical sites in your country popular with visitors?
你们国家的历史遗址受游客欢迎吗？
7. Is it more important to preserve historical sites or make way for the developments of
the future?
保存历史遗迹或为未来的发展让路是否更重要？
8. What do you think will happen to your country's historical sites in the future?
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你认为未来贵国的历史遗迹会发生什么？
24. Culture 文化
Opinions about culture
Culture can be defined as the way of life of a particular society or section of society.
文化可以被定义为特定社会或社会阶层的生活方式
It involves their customs and traditions, and so in some senses culture is what
distinguishes us from others, what makes us unique. 它涉及到他们的习俗和传统，
因此在某些意义上，文化是我们区别于其他人的地方，是我们与众不同的地方
I think culture is also what connects us to our past, to our heritage. 我认为文化也是
我们与过去、与传统联系的纽带
We mustn't forget modern culture either, though. Youth culture is often very vibrant
and powerful, with its new and inventive forms of music, dress and art. 不过，我们也
不能忘记现代文化。青年文化往往是非常活跃和强大的，以其新的和创造性的形
式的音乐，服装和艺术
Change is necessary, but it is also frightening. For this reason, people continue to rely
on their traditions to give them a sense of their roots and to remind them of where
they've come from. 变革是必要的，但也令人恐惧。因此，人们继续依靠他们的
传统来给他们一种根源感，并提醒他们从何而来
Commemorating the past is also a way of bringing people together, such as during
Independence Day. 纪念过去也是人们聚在一起的一种方式，例如在独立日
We are becoming more and more multicultural, so I'm not sure that all of our
traditions will survive in their current form. 我们正变得越来越多元文化，所以我不
确定我们所有的传统都会以现在的形式存在
For example, can we continue to regard Christmas as our major annual celebration if
perhaps half of the country does not have Christianity as its religion? It would be a
shame to lose our traditions. 例如，如果这个国家的一半地区没有基督教作为宗教，
我们是否可以继续把圣诞节作为我们的主要年度庆祝活动呢？失去我们的传统
是可耻的
However, if that is indeed the case, something new will I'm sure have replaced them
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in fifty years' time. And maybe it is better to develop new customs and celebrations
that more accurately reflect modern society. 不过，如果真是这样的话，我肯定五
十年后会有新的东西取代它们。也许开发更能准确反映现代社会的新风俗和庆祝
活动更好
Questions about culture
1. What is 'culture' for you?
什么是“文化”？
2. Do you think that it is important for a society or culture to have a sense of continuity
with the past?
你认为对一个社会或文化来说，与过去保持联系是重要的吗？
3. How will your country's culture have changed in fifty years' time?
50年后你们国家的文化会发生怎样的变化？
25.Money 钱
Opinions about money
I’d say money is extremely important in today’s society. 我想说，在当今社会，金钱
是极其重要的
People basically need it for pretty much everything. 人们基本上都需要它
If the money has been earned as a result of honest and hard work, it’s one aspect of
being successful. 如果钱是靠诚实和努力工作赚来的，那就是成功的一个方面
Money makes a pretty good gift. 金钱是很好的礼物
The person receiving the money can get whatever they want with it. 收到钱的人可
以用它得到他们想要的任何东西
It saves a lot of time if you give money as gift. 如果你把钱当作礼物送去，那会节
省很多时间
You don’t have to bother about going and buying something if you give money as gift.
如果你送钱做礼物，你就不用费心去买东西了
Money makes us all feel happy to some degree. 金钱在某种程度上使我们都感到快
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乐
I’d say it’s only a kind of short-term happiness that we get from money, because the
feeling soon fades. 我想说这只是我们从金钱中得到的一种短期的幸福，因为这种
感觉很快就会消失
I think if we want to enjoy long-term happiness, then it’s really other things that bring
about it, like appreciating what we already have in life. 我认为，如果我们想享受长
期的幸福，那么真正带来幸福的是其他事情，比如欣赏我们生活中已经拥有的东
西
People nowadays have generally become more materialistic, which is a reflection of
the society we now live in. 现在的人们普遍变得更加唯物主义，这反映了我们现
在生活的社会
People connect wealth and material possessions with happiness and success. 人们把
财富和物质财富与幸福和成功联系起来
People aspire to make more money. 人们渴望赚更多的钱
Rich people can become unhappy and depressed. 富人会变得不快乐和沮丧
It might be quite difficult to tell who your real friends are if you have much money.
如果你有钱的话，很难知道你真正的朋友是谁
Money is a good servant but a bad master. 金钱是一个好仆人，但却是一个坏主人
Money doesn’t grow on trees. 钱不长在树上
The best things in life are free. 生活中最好的东西是免费的
Overreliance on credit facilities can lead to debt and even bankruptcy. 过度依赖信贷
工具可能导致债务甚至破产
Public spending in both these areas is priority. 这两个领域的公共支出都是优先考
虑的
For most people it’s their accommodation but I’m lucky – I live with my parents so I
don’t have a mortgage and I don’t have to pay rent. 对大多数人来说，这是他们的住
处，但我很幸运——我和父母住在一起，所以我没有抵押贷款，也不必付房租
Probably by cutting down on the amount you spend on non-essential items and
luxuries. 可能是通过减少你在非必需品和奢侈品上的花费
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Doing small jobs around the house should teach them the value of money. 在家里做
些小工作应该教会他们金钱的价值
I’m happy as long as my earning exceed my outgoings – I don’t mind not being
well-off. 只要我的收入超过支出，我就很高兴——我不介意过得不好
Banks are more likely to charge you high interest rates. 银行更可能向你收取高利
率
Investments in stocks and shares can be risky if the market falls. 如果市场下跌，对
股票和股票的投资可能有风险
The recent increase in the cost of living has made life very difficult for many families.
最近生活费用的增加使许多家庭生活非常困难
Modern society is far too concerned with material wealth and consumerism. 现代社
会过分关注物质财富和消费主义
Questions about money
1.Do you think money is important?
你认为钱重要吗？
2.Would you say that having a lot of money is the same as being successful?
你会说有很多钱和成功是一样的吗？
3.What are the advantages of giving money as a gift?
送钱作为礼物有什么好处？
4.Do you think people will be happy when they become richer?
认为当人们变得富有时，他们会幸福吗？
5.Are there any disadvantages to having lots of money?
有钱有什么坏处吗？
6.What’s the best way to save money for the future?
为将来省钱最好的方法是什么？
7.Do credit cards encourage people to buy things that they can’t really pay for?
信用卡是否鼓励人们购买那些他们不能真正支付的东西？
8.Should children have to earn their pocket money?
孩子们应该赚零用钱吗？
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9.What’s the best way to cut back/save up on household spending?
削减/节省家庭开支的最佳方法是什么？
10.Which is important for governments to focus on – health or education expenditure?
对各国政府来说，关注健康或教育支出的重点是什么？
26.Shopping 购物
Opinions about shopping
It’s not a good idea to spend a lot of money on online auction sites as the goods may
turn out to be worthless. 在网上拍卖网站上花很多钱不是个好主意，因为这些商
品可能会变得一文不值
If you’re badly off, you shouldn’t spend money on entertainment or holidays. 如果你
很穷，你不应该把钱花在娱乐或度假上
It’s a good idea to support small local shops but unfortunately, they can be quite
costly. 支持当地的小商店是个好主意，但不幸的是，它们可能会非常昂贵
One of the best ways to be thrifty is to buy second-hand goods. 节约的最好方法之
一就是买二手货
Custom-made goods are always of superior quality. 定做的商品总是质量上乘
Buying off-the-pep/mass-produced clothes doesn’t allow for individuality. 买那些有
活力的/批量生产的衣服不考虑个性
Some people like shopping for fresh produce in local farmers’ markets. 有些人喜欢
在当地农贸市场购买新鲜农产品
27.Furniture 家具
Opinions about furniture
Women usually tend to be the boss when it comes to household matters. 在家庭事务
上，女人往往是老板
Style, quality, size and price should to be taken into consideration whining choosing
furniture. 选择家具时应考虑款式、质量、尺寸和价格
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If you get the style of furniture right, then you can make your home look really nice
and cozy. 如果你对家具的风格有把握，那么你可以让你的家看起来非常漂亮和
舒适
The style of furniture determines the whole feel of the home. 家具的风格决定了整
个家庭的感觉
Home furniture tends to come in a much greater variety of styles than office furniture,
whereas for offices, the most important thing is functionality. 家庭家具往往比办公
室家具有更多的风格，而对于办公室来说，最重要的是功能性
The practicality and comfort of the furniture is far more important than the style for
offices. 家具的实用性和舒适性远比办公室的风格重要
In the past, furniture mostly used to be made of wood, whereas nowadays, there’s a
huge variety of different materials that are used for making furniture. 过去，家具大
多是用木头做的，而现在，有很多不同的材料被用来做家具
People’s tastes are diversifying as their standard of living improves. 随着生活水平
的提高，人们的品味正在多样化
A piece of old furniture is of great sentimental value to people. 一件旧家具对人们
有很大的感情价值
Old pieces of furniture can be passed down from generation to generation. 旧家具可
以代代相传
Questions about furniture
1. For a married couple, who usually makes the decisions about what furniture to buy,
the husband or the wife?
对于已婚夫妇，谁通常决定购买什么家具，丈夫还是妻子？
2. What factors do people need to consider when buying furniture for the home?
人们在购买家具时需要考虑哪些因素？
3. Do you think the style of furniture is important?
你认为家具的风格很重要吗？
4. Is there much difference between home furniture and office furniture?
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家居家具和办公家具有什么区别吗？
5. Is the material that furniture is made from today different to the material that was used
in the past?
如今家具所用的材料与过去使用的材料不同吗？
28. Photography 照片和摄影
Opinions about photography
For pictures of scenery, I’d say a good photo is one that really captures the beauty of a
place. 对于风景图片，我会说一张好的照片是真正捕捉到一个地方的美丽
As for pictures of people, I’d say the best ones are those that capture the natural facial
expressions of the people in the photo. 至于人的照片，我想说最好的是那些捕捉照
片中人的自然面部表情的照片
Most people are perfectly capable of being able to take relatively good photos without
any training. 大多数人完全能够在没有任何训练的情况下拍摄相对好的照片
If you want to take photos of professional quality, you’d better get trained or take a
crash photography course. 如果你想拍摄专业品质的照片，你最好接受培训或参加
速成摄影课程
It is the young generation that likes to take photos of themselves. 年轻一代喜欢为自
己拍照
Posting selfies on social medias is the hit with the young people in China. 在社交媒
体上张贴自拍是中国年轻人的热门话题
People prefer to take photos with smart phones because it is quite handy. 人们喜欢
用智能手机拍照，因为它非常方便
People like to beautify their photos with the apps on their smart phones. 人们喜欢用
智能手机上的应用程序美化照片
It’s common that people take as many photos as possible with their smart phones,
then they will choose the best one and delete the rest. 人们通常会用智能手机拍尽
可能多的照片，然后他们会选择最好的，然后删除其余的
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People like to keep photos because photos serve as a great reminder. 人们喜欢保留
照片，因为照片是一个很好的提醒
Old photos can remind them of their past memories. 旧照片可以让他们想起过去的
记忆
Old photos become more and more precious. 旧照片变得越来越珍贵
Photographs are like time capsules. Different memories and emotions are locked in
them. 照片就像时间胶囊。不同的记忆和情感被锁在里面
Some photos have strong sentimental value to people. 有些照片对人有很强的感情
价值
Questions about photography
1. In your opinion, what makes a good photograph?
在你看来，什么才是好照片？
2. Do you think people need to be trained in order to take good photographs?
你认为人们需要接受培训才能拍好照片吗？
3. Do Chinese people like to take photos of themselves?
中国人喜欢自己拍照吗？
4. What kinds of devices do people like to use for taking photos these days?
现在人们喜欢用什么设备拍照？
5. Why do some people like to delete photos?
为什么有些人喜欢删除照片？
6. Why do some people like to keep photos?
为什么有些人喜欢拍照？
7. Has the way people take photos changed?
人们拍照的方式改变了吗？
29.Cities and Countryside 城市和农村
Opinions about city and countryside
I think the perfect solution is to live in the countryside close to a major cultural centre.
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By which I mean a big city. 我认为最好的解决办法是住在靠近主要文化中心的农
村。我指的是一个大城市
This means that the child can enjoy all the pleasures of country life - the farm animals,
the fresh air, the relative safety - whilst at the same time not being too far from all the
fun that can be had in the city – musicals, kids' museums, zoos. 这意味着孩子可以
享受乡村生活的所有乐趣——农场动物、新鲜空气、相对安全感——同时与城市
里所有的乐趣——音乐剧、儿童博物馆、动物园——相距不远
Kids need to be exposed to a wide range of situations and settings, and experiencing
just the city or just the countryside is limiting. 孩子们需要接触各种各样的环境和
环境，而仅仅是城市或农村的体验是有限的
I suppose they crave the peace and quiet after a lifetime of hard work in the hustle and
bustle of the city. 我想他们在城市的喧嚣中辛勤工作了一辈子，渴望得到安宁和
安宁
I think the city is associated with work and the country with relaxation. 我认为城市
与工作有关，乡村与休闲有关
Of course, people like farmers do work in the countryside. 当然，像农民这样的人在
农村工作
So it’s not an altogether accurate picture, but nevertheless it is how the two opposing
settings are often regarded. 所以这不是一个完全准确的图像，但这是如何看待两
个对立的环境
Positives of city life
Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living. 城市提
供了更多的就业机会和更高的生活水平
People can enjoy better educational resources and health care. 们可以享受更好的教
育资源和医疗保健
There are a lot of recreational places. 有很多娱乐场所
People can keep up with the latest trends. 人们可以跟上最新的趋势
Negatives of city life
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The pace of life is relatively faster. 生活节奏相对较快
The traffic tends to get congested. 交通往往很拥挤
The cost of living is higher than in rural areas. 生活费用比农村高
Life in cities can be extremely stressful. 城市生活压力很大
Cities lack a sense of community. 城市缺乏社区意识
Cities are described as concrete jungle. 城市被描述为混凝土丛林
Positives of rural life
Living in rural areas is generally a lot more relaxing than living in urban areas. 在农
村生活通常比在城市生活放松得多
The pace of life is relatively slower and more laid-back. 生活节奏相对较慢，比较悠
闲
The air is much fresher in the country. 这个国家的空气清新多了
People have got more chances to commune with nature. 人们有更多机会与大自然
交流
A lot more people get away from cities today. 今天有更多的人离开城市
Questions about cities and countryside
1. What are the differences between living in cities and living in the countryside?
城市生活和农村生活有什么区别？
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in cities?
在城市生活有哪些优点和缺点？
3. Why do more people prefer to live in the countryside nowadays?
为什么现在更多的人更喜欢住在农村？
4. Do you think it’s better for children to grow up in the city or the country?
你认为孩子在城市或乡村长大更好吗？
5. Why do some people retire to the countryside?
为什么有些人退休到农村？
30.Losing 丢失
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Opinions about losing
I think that stuff that people nowadays lose most easily seems to be things we carry
around with us a lot, like keys, glasses and mobile phones. 我认为现在人们最容易
失去的东西似乎就是我们随身携带的东西，比如钥匙、眼镜和手机
These are things that we often tend to put down without much thought. 这些是我们
常常不经深思熟虑就放下的东西
I tend to try and find out who the thing belonged to if I found something that someone
had lost. 如果我发现有人丢失了什么东西，我会设法找出它的主人
Some people who have poor sense of directions will get lost easily. 有些方向感差的
人很容易迷路
Map apps can help us figure out where we should go. 地图应用程序可以帮助我们
找到我们应该去的地方
Most people would ask around if they are in an unfamiliar place. 大多数人会问周围
的人他们是否在一个陌生的地方
Questions about losing
1. In general, what kinds of things do people most often lose?
一般来说，人们最常失去的是什么？
2. What would you do if you found something that someone had lost?
如果你发现有人丢失了什么，你会怎么做？
3. Why do some people get lost easily?
为什么有些人容易迷路？
4. How can people find their way in an unfamiliar place?
人们如何在陌生的地方找到自己的路？
31. Music and Songs 音乐和歌曲
Opinions about music and songs
There’s an increasingly wide variety of music that is popular nowadays in China, such
as pop music of course, as well as rock, R&B, and traditional Chinese folk music. 现
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在中国流行的音乐种类越来越多，如流行音乐、摇滚乐、R&B 和中国传统民歌
Pop music is the most popular at the moment. 流行音乐是目前最流行的
Young people mainly like listening to pop music, whereas the older generation tends
to prefer listening to more traditional music, like folk music, Chinese opera, and even
old revolutionary songs. 年轻人主要喜欢听流行音乐，而老年人更喜欢听传统音
乐，如民歌、中国歌剧，甚至是革命老歌
Young people not only listen to Chinese music, but also listen to foreign music like
Korean music, American music and English music, whereas in contrast, elderly
people just tend to just listen to Chinese music. 年轻人不仅听中国音乐，而且听韩
国音乐、美国音乐和英国音乐等外国音乐，而相比之下，老年人只喜欢听中国音
乐
Listening to traditional Chinese music is one way of helping children become more
aware of their culture. 听中国传统音乐是帮助孩子们更加了解他们的文化的一种
方式
Listening to traditional music gives children the chance to develop an interest in this
aspect of their culture. 听传统音乐让孩子们有机会对自己文化的这一方面产生兴
趣
Most kids tend to like listening to short, simple songs that have catchy tunes and
memorable lyrics. 大多数孩子喜欢听短小、简单的歌曲，这些歌曲的曲调朗朗上
口，歌词令人难忘
Most kids like to listen to the theme songs of their favorite cartoons. 大多数孩子喜
欢听他们最喜欢的动画片的主题歌
Chinese people prefer to sing songs together in a KTV. 中国人喜欢在KTV里一起
唱歌
Chinese people tend to sing the national anthem together on some important
occasions like Olympic games. 在奥运会等重要场合，中国人往往会齐唱国歌
It is the young people that like to listen to songs from foreign countries. 年轻人喜欢
听外国歌曲
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Korean songs are the hit with the young generation in China. 韩国歌曲是中国年轻
一代的热门歌曲
Music helps people wind down, release pressure and purify mind. 音乐帮助人们放
松，释放压力，净化心灵
Most people feel energetic and vigorous when enjoying live singing performances.
大多数人在欣赏现场演唱会时都感到精力充沛
It is an important opportunity to reflect on life if you attend a concert. 如果你参加音
乐会，这是一个反思生活的重要机会
It helps people relax when enjoying a symphony that is devoted to heavyweight
composers like Bach, Mozart or Beethoven. 它可以帮助人们在欣赏一首交响曲时
放松，而这首交响曲是为巴赫、莫扎特或贝多芬等重量级作曲家创作的
Children can listen to classical music although they might not fully appreciate it. 孩
子们可以听古典音乐，尽管他们可能并不完全欣赏
Questions about music and songs
1. What kinds of music are popular in China?
中国流行哪种音乐？
2. What are the differences in the music that young and old people listen to?
年轻人和老年人听音乐有什么不同？
3. Is it necessary for children to listen to traditional Chinese music?
儿童有必要听中国传统音乐吗？
4. What kinds of songs do children like listening to?
孩子们喜欢听什么样的歌？
5. Do you think children should learn how to sing songs?
你认为孩子们应该学会唱歌吗？
6. What music is suitable for children?
什么音乐适合儿童？
7. When do people in China sing songs together?
中国人什么时候一起唱歌？
8. Do people in China listen to songs from other countries?
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中国人听其他国家的歌吗？
9. Why do some people say that music can help people relax?
为什么有些人说音乐可以帮助人们放松？
10. Do you think music is important?
你认为音乐很重要吗？
32.Leader 性别（男女区别）
Opinions about leader
Good leaders should be decisive. 好的领导应该果断
Good leaders should be good at making decisions. 好的领导应该善于决策
An effective leader can always give a clear-cut answer to a solution. 一个有效的领
导者总是能对解决方案给出明确的答案
A good leader can inspire and motivate his team members. 一个好的领导者可以激
励他的团队成员
A good leader should respect others. 一个好的领导应该尊重他人
A good leader should be a good listener. 一个好的领导应该是一个好的倾听者
A good leader can make a positive impact on people. 一个好的领导者可以对人产
生积极的影响
A good leader should set a good example for others. 一个好的领导者应该为他人树
立好榜样
Leaders help teams work together and stay organized. 领导者帮助团队合作，保持组
织有序
If we didn't have leaders, everything would be in chaos. 如果我们没有领导，一切都
会混乱
Questions about leader
1. What are the qualities of a good leader?
一个好领导的素质是什么？
2. Why do we need leaders?
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我们为什么需要领导？
3. What kinds of people can be leaders?
什么样的人可以成为领导者？
4. Has there been a change in the characteristics that leaders should have?
领导者应该具备的特征是否发生了变化？
33.Languages and Communication 语言和交流
Opinions about languages
English is widely-used around the world. 英语在世界各地被广泛使用
Most students here start learning English from a pretty early age. 这里的大多数学生
从很小的时候就开始学习英语
Learning all the English grammar is a nightmare. 学习所有的英语语法是一场噩梦
Sometimes English grammar can really drive me crazy. 有时英语语法真的会让我
发疯
Most children can learn languages fast because they try their best to imitate languages
instead of learning them. 大多数孩子能快速学习语言，因为他们尽最大努力模仿
语言而不是学习语言
Children are not afraid of making mistakes when imitating a language. 孩子们在模
仿一种语言时不怕犯错
Watching English movies and listening to English songs can help develop students’
interest in learning English. 看英语电影和听英语歌曲有助于培养学生学习英语的
兴趣
The fastest way is to immerse yourself in the language you're trying to learn. 最快的
方法是让自己沉浸在你想要学习的语言中
One of the best ways would be to go and stay for a while in the country where the
language is spoken. 最好的办法之一就是在讲这种语言的国家呆一段时间
Some people have better language sense than others. 有些人比其他人有更好的语言
意识
Some people are more talented in languages. 有些人在语言方面更有天赋
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Some people can get the hang of mastering a language. 有些人会掌握一门语言
Minority languages will die out unless people make an effort to protect them. 少数民
族语言将消失，除非人们努力保护他们
If English is your first language, you will have greater opportunities in life. 如果英语
是你的第一语言，你在生活中会有更多的机会
The reason people can find cross-cultural communication difficult is due to different
behaviors and values rather than the language barrier. 人们发现跨文化交际困难的
原因在于不同的行为和价值观，而不是语言障碍
Face-to-face communication using technology like video conferencing and webcam is
the same as talking to someone in the flesh. 使用视频会议和网络摄像头等技术进
行面对面的交流与与与人交谈是一样的
When nations share a common language, they are likely to have good relations. 当国
家有共同语言时，他们很可能有良好的关系
Children who are taught a second language from an early age are far more likely to
become fluent. 从很小的时候就开始学第二种语言的孩子们更可能会变得流利
There is no point in learning a dead language like Latin. 学一门像拉丁语这样的死
语言是没有意义的
The decline in the standards of written communication and literacy skills in general is
due to an increase in text messaging and social networking amongst young people. 一
般来说，书写交流和识字技能水平的下降是由于年轻人之间短信和社交网络的增
加
All citizens of a country should be forced to learn English even if it is not their mother
tongue. 一个国家的所有公民都应该被迫学习英语，即使它不是他们的母语
Body language, facial expression and other non-verbal communication skills are more
important than speech in conveying emotions. 身体语言、面部表情和其他非语言沟
通技巧在传达情感方面比言语更重要
There are plenty of examples in history which show that this is not true and it is often
neighbouring states who speak the same or similar languages who end up at war.
However, I do think that I shared language strengthen ties in some cases. 历史上有
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许多例子表明，这是不正确的，往往是邻国说相同或相似的语言，最后在战争中
结束。然而，我确实认为在某些情况下，我共享语言可以加强联系。
Even if you speak the same language, cultural differences can cause significant
misunderstanding between people and can lead to a breakdown in communication. 即
使你说的是同一种语言，文化上的差异也会导致人们之间产生严重的误解，并导
致交流中断
Governments should do far more to ensure these languages are taught in schools
because we rely on the younger generations to keep them alive for the future. 政府应
该做更多的工作来确保这些语言在学校里被教授，因为我们依靠年轻一代来让他
们在未来继续生存
I think everyone should be able to communicate at a basic level in the official
language but they should also be free to use their own language whenever they want.
我认为每个人都应该能够用官方语言进行基本的交流，但他们也应该在任何时候
都可以自由使用自己的语言
But it all depends on how well you are taught. Many people learn a language at
primary school but they don’t all go on to speak it fluently. 但这完全取决于你被教
得有多好。许多人在小学学习一门语言，但他们并不都能继续流利地说下去
I think a knowledge of English can be very useful for work and study but it doesn’t
necessarily have to be your mother tongue. 我认为英语知识对工作和学习是非常
有用的，但它不一定是你的母语
I think it is more useful to be able to speak a number of languages well than to speak
only English. 我认为能说多种语言比只说英语更有用
You can tell far more about how someone is feeling from how he communicates than
from what he actually says. 你可以从一个人的交流方式中了解到更多关于他的感
受，而不是他实际说的话
It’s not the same as being in the same room with someone – there is always going to
be a slight barrier if you are speaking to someone on a screen. 这和和某人在同一个
房间里不一样——如果你在屏幕上和某人说话，总是会有一个小小的障碍
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Spelling and punctuation in particular have really deteriorated and it’s because young
people are so used to abbreviated text language. 尤其是拼写和标点符号确实恶化
了，这是因为年轻人如此习惯于缩写文本语言
More than just important, it’s considered essential. 不仅重要，它被认为是必不可少
的
The English poet John Donne said 'no man is an island', and I think in this day and
age that is also true of countries: we are all intricately connected. 英国诗人约翰唐恩
说：“没有人是一座孤岛”，我认为在当今这个时代，国家也是如此：我们都是
错综复杂的联系
A country that wants to do business abroad and export its goods has to know how to
communicate with foreigners, and that means speaking foreign languages. 一个想在
国外做生意并出口货物的国家必须知道如何与外国人交流，这就意味着说外语
Undoubtedly, the best way is to go and live in a country where the language is spoken
as a native language. 毫无疑问，最好的办法就是去一个以母语为母语的国家生活
But that is not enough - I have friends who have done just that, but they stuck together
with people who spoke their language and so they hardly learnt anything. 但这还不
够——我有朋友就是这样做的，但他们和说他们语言的人在一起，所以他们几乎
什么也学不到
You have to immerse yourself completely in the language and the culture. 你必须完
全沉浸在语言和文化中
This takes courage but is well worth the effort. 这需要勇气，但很值得付出努力
It’s true that some people seem to pick up language really easily. 的确，有些人似乎
很容易学会语言
Being bilingual from a young age certainly helps because the more languages you
speak, the more easily you acquire a new one. Another major factor is motivation:
two people can study the same materials for the same number of hours but the person
who is more motivated will learn more and remember better what they've learnt. 年
轻时能说两种语言当然会有所帮助，因为你说的语言越多，你就越容易掌握一种
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新语言。另一个主要因素是动机：两个人可以在相同的时间内学习相同的材料，
但更有动机的人会学到更多，并且更好地记住他们学到的东西。
I really believe that the more you care about learning a language, the more effortlessly
you will pick it up. 我真的相信，你越关心学习一门语言，你就越容易学会它
I don't think most people feel anything exactly; they just see it as something inevitable.
我认为大多数人感觉不到什么，他们只是认为这是不可避免的
They don't fight it because that would just leave them trailing behind other countries
that embrace English as the global lingua franca. Not learning English would leave us
economically disadvantaged. 他们不反对，因为这只会让他们落后于其他把英语
作为全球通用语的国家。不学英语会使我们在经济上处于不利地位
The rise of the Internet has certainly increased the dominance of English, and
therefore also the spread of English and American ways of seeing the world. 互联网
的兴起无疑增加了英语的主导地位，因此也扩大了英语和美国看待世界的方式
I think we are all expected to conform. Also, the majority of young people in my
country like to watch American films and listen to American music: it's considered
trendy to do so. 我认为我们都应该顺从。而且，我国的大多数年轻人喜欢看美国
电影和听美国音乐：这样做被认为是时髦的
I would definitely say that the culture of English-speaking countries holds much sway
all over the world. 我肯定会说，英语国家的文化在全世界都有很大的影响力
There is a backlash in some quarters against the spread of English. 在某些方面，人
们对英语的传播产生了强烈的反对
One way this is expressed is by the insistence on maintaining local languages. A local
language is more than just words. It links a community with its past, with its heritage,
and so if you stop speaking your language, you lose a part of yourself. 其中一种表达
方式是坚持使用当地语言。当地语言不仅仅是文字。它将一个社区与它的过去、
传统联系在一起，因此如果你停止说你的语言，你就会失去一部分你自己
It depends how far you are from your friends. If you are geographically close, you
should meet up face-to-face. 这取决于你和朋友之间的距离。如果你的地理位置很
近，你应该面对面地见面
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Long-distance communication can cause misunderstandings and resentments to build
up - when you write, you only have the words on the page, not body language or tone
of voice. 远距离交流会引起误解和怨恨——当你写作时，你只有一页上的文字，
而不是身体语言或语调
Well, of course, people use the Internet now and mobile phones. 当然，人们现在使
用互联网和手机
I'm quite young but even when I was a teenager nobody in my friendship circle had a
mobile. 我很年轻，但即使在我十几岁的时候，我的朋友圈里也没有人有手机
Now it's seen as indispensible and you would feel left out if you didn't have one. But
as I said before, I think it's better to meet up with friends than to communicate using
technology. There's much to be said for communicating in so-called old-fashioned
ways. 现在它被认为是不可或缺的，如果你没有它，你会觉得被忽视了。但正如
我之前所说，我认为与朋友见面比使用技术交流更好。用所谓的老式方式交流有
很多话要说
Questions about languages and communication
1. Do you think it is difficult to learn a foreign language?
你觉得学外语难吗？
2. What do you think of children learning a foreign language?
你认为孩子们学习外语怎么样？
3. What can teachers do to develop their students’ interest in learning foreign languages?
教师如何培养学生学习外语的兴趣？
4. What do you think is the fastest way to learn a language?
你认为学习语言最快的方法是什么？
5. Why can some people learn languages faster while others learn slowly?
为什么有些人学习语言更快，而另一些人学习慢？
6. What do you think is the best way to keep in touch with friends?
你认为与朋友保持联系的最佳方式是什么？
7. Do people keep in touch differently now compared to fifty years ago?
与50年前相比，人们保持联系的方式有什么不同吗？
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8. Is it considered important in your country to learn foreign languages?
在你们国家学习外语是否重要？
9. What, in your opinion, is the best way to learn a language?
你认为学习语言的最佳方式是什么？
10. Why are some people seemingly better at learning languages than others?
为什么有些人似乎比其他人更擅长学习语言？
11. How do people in your country feel about English being the world language?
你们国家的人对英语是世界语言的感觉如何？
12. Do you think the culture of English-speaking countries, as well as the English
language, dominate the world?
你认为英语国家的文化以及英语主导世界吗？
13. Why do you think people feel it is important to continue speaking their local
languages?
你认为人们为什么认为继续讲当地语言很重要？
34.Work 工作
Opinions about jobs
Nowadays, it is easy to set up a company and to be self-employed. 现在，创办公司
和个体经营都很容易
Self-employment offers greater freedom than working for a company. 自营职业比为
公司工作更自由
High-paid jobs and decent jobs are still quite popular today. 今天，高薪工作和体面
工作仍然很受欢迎
Self-employment is all the rage in China today. 在今天的中国，自营职业是最流行
的
People often work very long hours but don’t get a high salary or very many benefits
in return. 人们通常工作很长时间，但却得不到高薪或很多福利
In fact, many workers frequently do unpaid overtime for their companies. 事实上，许
多工人经常为公司无偿加班
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If people are given more paid holidays, they are more loyal to their company in the
long term and probably work harder because they are more contented with their job.
如果人们有更多的带薪假期，他们对公司的长期忠诚度会更高，可能会更努力地
工作，因为他们对自己的工作更满意
Opinions about changing jobs
A number of young people change jobs in order to get a higher salary or a promotion.
许多年轻人为了得到更高的薪水或升职而换工作
People often change their jobs in order to further their career. 人们经常为了事业的
发展而换工作
People change jobs because they want to gain much working experience. 人们换工
作是因为他们想获得更多的工作经验
People need to develop a range of experience and skills. 人们需要发展一系列的经
验和技能
Young people prefer something new and fresh. 年轻人喜欢新的和新鲜的东西
Young people often change jobs because they don’t have a stable shelter and they
often move to different places. 年轻人经常换工作，因为他们没有稳定的住所，他
们经常搬到不同的地方
People change jobs because they start to lose enthusiasm in what they are doing. 人
们换工作是因为他们开始对自己所做的事失去热情
People change jobs because they are not satisfied with the present job. 人们换工作
是因为他们对现在的工作不满意
Staying in the same job: Benefits
Employees have a stable career. 员工有稳定的职业生涯
Employees have a good pension and insurance. 员工有很好的养老金和保险
Their salaries can increase gradually. 他们的工资可以逐步提高
They may be promoted over time. 他们可能会随着时间而提升
They have become irreplaceable part of a team. 他们已成为团队中不可替代的一部
分
They can be trusted with more responsibility. 他们可以被信任，承担更多的责任
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Jobs now and Jobs in the past: Changes
It's d more difficult to get a job nowadays than it was in the past. 现在找工作比过去
困难多了
There was generally less competition for jobs in the past. 过去对工作的竞争通常比
较少
There are millions of graduates looking around for jobs. 有数以百万计的毕业生在
四处寻找工作
It’s extremely difficult finding a decent, high-paid job. 找一份体面的高薪工作是非
常困难的
People were actually assigned jobs after completing university. 大学毕业后，人们实
际上被分配了工作
Getting a job was pretty much guaranteed many years ago. 很多年前，得到一份工作
几乎是有保证的
Work and Life Balance
It is important to achieve a balance between work time and leisure time or family time.
在工作时间和休闲时间或家庭时间之间取得平衡是很重要的
Workaholics may neglect their families and friends. 工作狂可能会忽视他们的家人
和朋友
Too much work can result in stress and poor health. 工作太多会导致压力和身体不
好
People need to take a break and recharge their batteries. 人们需要休息一下，给自己
充电
People need to spend some quality time with their families. 人们需要与家人共度美
好时光
People should take regular holidays. 人们应该定期休假
A good work and life balance can raise job satisfaction. 良好的工作和生活平衡可
以提高工作满意度
Questions about languages
1. What kinds of jobs are popular in China today?
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现在中国流行什么样的工作？
2. Why do many young adults keep changing their jobs?
为什么许多年轻人总是换工作？
3. Do you think changing jobs is a positive thing to do?
你认为换工作是件好事吗？
4. Why do many people stay in the same job and never change jobs?
为什么很多人都在同一份工作中，从不换工作？
5. Is it easier or more difficult to get a job today than in the past?
今天找工作比过去容易还是更难？
6. Do you think people should keep a balance between work and life?
你认为人们应该在工作和生活之间保持平衡吗？
35.Sound and Noise 声音和噪音
Opinions about sound and noise
The natural sound I like most is from the wild nature, like sound of birds or rivers,
because it's just really soothing. 我最喜欢的自然声音来自大自然，就像鸟儿或河
流的声音，因为它真的很舒缓
I really can't stand the sound of drilling, simply because it's just such a loud and
unpleasant noise. 我真的受不了钻井的声音，仅仅是因为它是如此的大，令人不
快的噪音
I can’t stand the sound of cars hooting, mainly because I hear it all the time where I
live. 我受不了汽车的轰鸣声，主要是因为我一直在我住的地方听到它
The sound of cars hooting gets quite irritating after a while. 过了一会儿，汽车的汽
笛声变得很刺耳
I can’t put up with pretty much most noise. 我受不了这么大的噪音
Say that the noise is really loud and relentless, like if there's construction or
renovation work going on around me, it will drive my up the wall. 说这噪音真的很
大而且无情，就像我周围正在进行建筑或装修工作，它会把我的墙顶起来
I believe that cities will get much noisier in the future. 我相信将来城市会变得更加
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嘈杂
If you compare the situation in cities now to the past, then it's obvious that cities have
got a lot noisier. 如果你把现在城市的情况和过去比较一下，那么很明显城市的噪
音更大了
Due to the increase in traffic on the roads, cities have got a lot noisier than before. 由
于道路交通量的增加，城市的噪音比以前大得多
Unless something changes, I’d say that this trend is likely to continue into the future.
除非有什么变化，我会说这种趋势很可能会持续到未来
Questions about sound and noise
1. What natural sound do you like the most?
你最喜欢什么样的自然声音？
2. Are there any sounds that you dislike?
你有什么不喜欢的声音吗？
3. Are you ever bothered by noise?
你有没有被噪音困扰过？
4. Do you think that cities will become noisier in the future?
你认为未来城市会变得更嘈杂吗？
36.Gender 性别和工作
Opinions about Gender and Work
Men and women should have access to the same professional opportunities. 男人和
女人应该有同样的职业机会
Both men and women should earn equal salaries. 男人和女人的薪水应该是一样的
Men and women should be employed according to their abilities, qualifications and
experience. 男人和女人应该根据他们的能力、资历和经验被雇用
Women were often employed as secretaries or receptionists, but nowadays, a range of
occupations is available to both men and women. 妇女经常被雇用为秘书或接待员，
但现在，男人和女人都有一系列的职业
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Opinions about Gender and Family
Traditionally, people believe that fathers should be the breadwinners of the family
while mothers should stay at home and bring up their children. 传统上，人们认为父
亲应该是家庭的养家糊口，而母亲应该呆在家里抚养孩子
Both parents should shoulder family responsibilities. 父母双方都应该承担家庭责
任
I argue that fathers and mothers should share their parenting and domestic
responsibilities. 我认为父母应该分担他们的养育和家庭责任
Fathers and mothers should contribute equally to childcare, cooking and cleaning. 父
亲和母亲应该平等地为儿童保育、烹饪和清洁做出贡献
Opinions about Gender and Education
Men and women should have access to the same educational opportunities. 男人和女
人应该有同样的教育机会
Men and women should acquire different skills according to their abilities. 男人和女
人应该根据自己的能力获得不同的技能
Generally, women tend to learn foreign languages much faster than men because
women have got better language sense. 一般来说，女性学习外语的速度比男性快
得多，因为女性有更好的语言意识
Opinions about Gender and Life
Men prefer to talk about work, sports and politics whereas women tend to talk about
family chores, clothes, fashion and famous stars. 男人更喜欢谈论工作、体育和政治，
而女人更喜欢谈论家庭琐事、衣服、时尚和著名明星
In order to release pressure, most men like to play sports while most women are
partial to going shopping. 为了缓解压力，大多数男性喜欢运动，而大多数女性则
倾向于购物
Questions about gender
1. Do you think men and women should learn the same skills?
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你认为男女应该学习相同的技能吗？
37.Animals and Zoos 动物和动物园
Opinions about pet animals
Pet animals can be people’s companions. 宠物可以成为人们的伴侣
People can have fun and communicate with their pet animals. 人们可以玩得很开心，
也可以和他们的宠物交流
Children learn to share responsibilities by looking after pet dogs. 孩子们通过照顾宠
物狗学会分担责任
A number of people treat pet animals as their family members. 许多人把宠物当作家
人对待
Opinions about protecting endangered animals
Governments should enact laws to protect endangered animals such as forbidding
buying and selling endangered animals. 各国政府应制定法律保护濒危动物，如禁
止买卖濒危动物
People should be aware of looking after endangered animals. 人们应该注意照顾濒
危动物
Organizations can organize some activities to raise people’s awareness to protect
endangered animals. 组织可以组织一些活动来提高人们保护濒危动物的意识
Governments should do their part to call on the public to protect endangered animals
by making public advertisements. 政府应尽其所能呼吁公众通过公开广告保护濒
危动物
Arguments against Animal Testing
The lives of animals should be respected. 动物的生命应该受到尊重
Humans have no moral right to do experiments on animals. 人类没有在动物身上做
实验的道德权利
There are alternative methods of research with advanced high-tech today. 当今有先
进的高科技替代研究方法
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The benefits of doing experiments on animals do not justify the suffering caused. 在
动物身上做实验的好处并不能证明所造成的痛苦是正当的
I do if it’s for the purposes of cosmetics and other unnecessary luxuries. 如果是化妆
品和其他不必要的奢侈品，我会的
I’m not sure what I think of testing on animals for reasons of finding cures for human
illnesses. 我不知道我对动物试验的看法是什么，因为它能找到治疗人类疾病的
方法
But I think it’s something I’d rather not talk about. 但我觉得这是我不愿谈论的事
情
To be honest, I don't feel comfortable discussing it. 说实话，我不愿意讨论这个问题
Arguments for Vegetarianism
The lives of animals should be respected. 动物的生命应该受到尊重
A healthy diet is possible without eating meat. 不吃肉的健康饮食是可能的
It is unnecessary to kill animals for food. 没有必要为了食物而杀死动物
Many people choose to be vegetarians for moral and health reasons. 许多人出于道
德和健康的原因选择素食
A vegetarian diet reduce the risk of disease like cancer 素食可以降低患癌症等疾病
的风险
Positives of zoos
Zoos play an important role in wildlife conservation. 动物园在野生动物保护中起
着重要作用
Zoos help protect endangered species. 动物园帮助保护濒危物种
Zoos help scientists to study animals and their behaviors 动物园帮助科学家研究动
物及其行为.
Zoos are educational to children. 动物园对儿童有教育意义
Negatives of zoos
Zoo animals are kept in cages or have limited space, which means that they lose their
freedom. 动物园里的动物被关在笼子里或者空间有限，这意味着它们失去了自由
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Zoo animals are kept in artificial environment and they rely on humans. 动物园里的
动物都生活在人工环境中，它们依靠人类
It is unethical to keep animals in zoos. 在动物园里养动物是不道德的
We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit.
我们无权利用动物娱
乐和牟利
Questions about animals and zoos
1. Why do people like to keep pets?
为什么人们喜欢养宠物？
2. What should we do to protect endangered animals?
我们应该如何保护濒危动物？
3. Do you support doing experiment on animals?
你支持在动物身上做实验吗？
4. Why do some people refuse to eat animals?
为什么有些人拒绝吃动物？
5. Do you think it is good to keep animals in zoos?
你认为把动物放在动物园里好吗？
38.Old people 老年人
Opinions about old people
Chinese old people prefer to dance on a square, play Mah Jong and do exercise in a
park. 中国老年人喜欢在广场上跳舞，打麻将，在公园里锻炼身体
Some old people enjoy travelling to various scenic spots. 一些老年人喜欢到各种景
点旅游
Old people only remember happy things because these things are a lot more important
to them and these things can remind them of past happy memories. 老年人只记得快
乐的事情，因为这些事情对他们来说更重要，这些事情可以让他们想起过去的快
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乐回忆
Young people can learn a great deal from old people. 年轻人可以从老年人身上学
到很多东西
Young people like to ask old people’s past because they are curious about old
people’s past or they think they can learn some from the past experiences or stories.
年轻人喜欢问老年人的过去，因为他们对老年人的过去很好奇，或者他们认为他
们可以从过去的经历或故事中学到一些东西
Old people these days are not as happy as the old people in the past because their
children are too busy to accompany them and look after them. 现在的老人不像过去
的老人那么快乐，因为他们的孩子太忙了，不能陪着照顾他们
Modern old people are much lonelier compared with the elderly in the past. 现代的
老年人比过去的老年人更孤独
Opinions about caring for old people
Caring for elderly people was traditionally the responsibilities of families. 照顾老人
传统上是家庭的责任
Adults had to look after their elderly parents. 成年人必须照顾年迈的父母
Nowadays, fewer elderly people are looked after by their relatives. 如今，由亲戚照
顾的老年人越来越少
Nowadays, nursing homes provide care for a large number of the elderly. 如今，疗养
院为许多老年人提供护理
Some families are not able to take care of their elderly parents because all the family
members have full-time jobs and they are pretty busy working. 有些家庭不能照顾
年迈的父母，因为所有的家庭成员都有全职工作，而且他们工作很忙
We all have responsibilities to the older people in our society. 我们都对社会上的老
年人负有责任
Governments should invest money in facilities like nursing homes. 政府应该投资于
疗养院等设施
Governments should provide more public nursing homes. 政府应该提供更多的公共
疗养院
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Governments should pay more attention to the elderly’s healthcare. 政府应该更加重
视老年人的医疗保健
Governments should introduce some laws to punish the people who don’t look after
their own parents. 政府应该出台一些法律来惩罚那些不照顾自己父母的人
They're our living link with the past - of a family, a region, a country. 他们是我们与
过去的生活联系——一个家庭，一个地区，一个国家
They're the keepers of local traditions, for example, and they provide a sense of
identity to younger generations. 例如，他们是当地传统的维护者，他们为年轻一
代提供了一种认同感
It often seems to me that older people had harder lives and lived through more
interesting periods in history, so I always enjoy asking my grandparents
about their
childhoods and how things have changed, Also, because they've got more life
experience, older people are very well placed to give good advice on, well, any topic.
在我看来，老年人的生活更艰难，经历了更有趣的历史时期，所以我总是喜欢问
我的祖父母关于他们的童年以及事情是如何变化的，而且，因为他们有更多的生
活经验，老年人在任何话题上都有很好的建议
Questions about old people
1. What kinds of activities do old people like to do these days?
现在老年人喜欢做什么活动？
2. Why do some old people only remember happy things?
为什么有些老人只记得快乐的事情？
3. Why do some young people like to ask old people’s past?
为什么有些年轻人喜欢问老年人的过去？
4. Do you think old people enjoy their life more these days compared with the past?
你认为老年人现在比过去更享受生活吗？
5. Who do you think should be responsible for taking care of the elderly people, their
own families or the government?
你认为谁应该负责照顾老年人、他们自己的家庭或政府？
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6. What can governments do to provide more care for the elderly?
政府能做些什么来为老年人提供更多的照顾？
7. The elderly are sometimes considered the wisest members of society. What do you
think we can learn from them?
老人有时被认为是社会上最聪明的成员。你认为我们能从他们身上学到什么？
39.Parents and Children 父母和孩子
Opinions about Parents and Children
Children and their parents seem less close these days. 现在孩子们和他们的父母似
乎不那么亲近了
Nowadays, parents spend less time with their children. 如今，父母花在孩子身上的
时间更少了
Nowadays, parents are pretty tied up with their work, which means that they don’t
have much time to accompany their children. 如今，父母对工作非常投入，这意味
着他们没有太多时间陪孩子
The lack of closeness in families can have a negative effect on children’s
development. 家庭亲密度的缺乏会对儿童的发展产生负面影响
Many parents have no idea how their children spend their time. 许多父母不知道他
们的孩子如何度过他们的时间
Friends, television and the Internet have become the main influence on children’s
behaviour. 朋友、电视和互联网已经成为影响儿童行为的主要因素
I think parents should be more involved with their children’s upbringing. 我认为父
母应该更关心孩子的成长
Parents can be their children’s positive role models. 父母可以成为孩子的积极榜样
Parents should set a good example for their children. 父母应该为孩子树立好榜样
Parents need to give a lead for their children. 父母需要给孩子一个引导
Most children try to imitate their parents’ behaviour and words. 大多数孩子都试图
模仿父母的言行举止
Parents can encourage their parents to express their own ideas or do something on
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their own instead of telling them what to think or what to do. 父母可以鼓励父母表
达自己的想法或自己做一些事情，而不是告诉他们该怎么想或该怎么做
Parents should let their children make their own decisions, which helps develop their
sense of independence and maturity. 父母应该让孩子自己做决定，这有助于培养他
们的独立感和成熟感
Parents should encourage their children to shoulder some family responsibility,
engage in some group activities, and learn to help others. 父母应该鼓励孩子承担一
些家庭责任，参加一些团体活动，学习帮助他人
Parents can take their children out to go on a journey, which helps bring them closer
together. 父母可以带孩子出去旅行，这有助于让他们更亲近
Questions about parents and children
1. Some parents don’t spend much time with their child, but instead give the child gifts
or money as a way to show their love. Do you think this is good enough?
有些父母不花太多时间陪孩子，而是给孩子礼物或金钱来表达他们的爱。你认为
这足够好吗？
2. Do you think family education is very important?
你认为家庭教育很重要吗？
3. Why do some children get spoiled at home?
为什么有些孩子在家里会被宠坏？
4. Why do some children feel lonely at home?
为什么有些孩子在家里感到孤独？
5. How can we encourage children to help others?
我们如何鼓励儿童帮助他人？
6. How to make children more mature?
如何让孩子更成熟？
7. How to make children more independent?
如何让孩子更独立？
40.Family 家庭
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Opinions about family
One of the main duties of parents is to provide their children with a loving and secure
environment. 父母的主要职责之一是为子女提供一个充满爱和安全的环境
Another one is to bring them up with a good sense of what is right and wrong and to
give them as good education as possible. 另一种方法是让他们对正确和错误有一
个很好的认识，并尽可能地给他们提供良好的教育
The number of older people in society has increased significantly in recent years. 近
年来，社会上老年人的数量显著增加
This rise has led to a need for better healthcare provision for he elderly. 这一增长导
致需要为老年人提供更好的医疗保障
Growing up bilingual can bring many career and educational advantages for children,
but it can also lead to confusion and divided loyalties if their parents do not speak the
same language as their friends and other outsiders. 双语的成长可以为孩子们带来
许多职业和教育上的优势，但如果他们的父母不说与朋友和其他外人相同的语言，
也会导致困惑和分裂的忠诚
Children should have a positive and optimistic outlook on life. 孩子们应该有积极乐
观的人生观
Watching too much television can have serious consequences for young children. 看
太多电视会对幼儿产生严重后果
TV programs can include poor concentration and aggressive or antisocial beheviour
which may affect their education or qualifications. 电视节目可能包括注意力不集
中、攻击性或反社会的庞然大物，这可能影响他们的教育或资格
The average family size is becoming smaller. 平均家庭规模正在变小
The birth of rate in my countries had decreased recently. 我国的出生率最近有所下
降
Most Chinese parents can be over-protective, they don’t allow their children to take
risks and become independent. 大多数中国父母可以过度保护孩子，他们不允许孩
子冒险和独立。
There are both traditional extended family and nuclear family. 有传统的大家庭和核
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心家庭
Spending quality time together is important for most families but unfortunately it’s
not always possible to do so. 对大多数家庭来说，共度美好时光是很重要的，但不
幸的是，这并不总是可能的
Some people think that having a child is not a major responsibility but obviously it is.
有些人认为生孩子不是主要的责任，但显然是。
Couples who don’t have much money often wait until they do before having children.
那些没有多少钱的夫妇经常等到他们有了孩子后再生育
Children today are sometimes more confident about using technology than their
parents and teachers are. 今天的孩子有时比他们的父母和老师更自信地使用技术
In Western countries, I would say families have become more widely dispersed and
less close. People travel more, and then end up living far from their families. 在西方
国家，我想说的是，家庭的分布越来越广泛，越来越不亲近。人们旅行的次数越
多，最终生活在远离家人的地方
I think this is a shame because it means there is a breakdown of communities. 我认为
这是一个耻辱，因为这意味着社区的崩溃
I also think that because families are spread over a wider geographical area, elderly
people tend to be forgotten and usually live on their own. 我还认为，由于家庭分布
在更广阔的地理区域，老年人往往会被遗忘，而且通常是靠自己生活的
People seem to like living independently from each other these days, but I do wonder
if that's the best way. 现在人们似乎喜欢独立生活，但我想知道这是否是最好的方
式
I think relying on people is seen as a weakness by some. 我认为依赖别人被一些人
视为一种弱点
Having family nearby is invaluable when you have children. 当你有孩子的时候，有
家人在附近是非常宝贵的
Questions about old people
1. Do parents read to their children as much as they should?
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父母是否尽可能多地给孩子朗读？
2. Should couples who have children be given more financial benefits than couples who
don’t?
有孩子的夫妇应该比没有孩子的夫妇得到更多的经济利益吗？
3. Do you think that couples who share the housework equally are likely to have fewer
arguments than couples who don’t?
你认为分担家务的夫妇比不分担家务的夫妇更有可能少吵架吗？
4. Do you think men tend to help more around the home than they used to?
你认为男人在家里比以前帮助更多吗？
5. Should we rely heavily on our families or is it better to try to be independent?
我们是应该过分依赖家人，还是应该设法独立？
6. In what ways have families changed in the last hundred years?
过去的一百年里，家庭发生了哪些变化？
41.Friends 朋友
Opinions about friends
I don’t think it’s important for friends to have similar personalities. 我认为对朋友来
说拥有相似的性格并不重要
It would be very boring and predictable if friends all had the same personality. 如果
朋友们都有同样的个性，那将是非常无聊和可预测的
I think sometimes the most interesting relationships are the ones between very
different individuals. 我认为有时候最有趣的关系是非常不同的人之间的关系
People sometimes assume that this type of friendship can lead to arguments but the
don’t have to. 人们有时认为这种友谊会引起争论，但不一定非得如此
For example, one person could be quite sociable whilst her friend isn’t, but together
their personalities can make a good balance. 例如，一个人可能很善于交际，而她
的朋友却不是，但他们的个性可以很好地平衡
Not everyone wants to keep in touch with their old school friends when they leave
school. 不是每个人都想在离开学校时与他们的老同学保持联系
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For me, a good friend has to be reliable. I can't stand being stood up or having my
emails and texts ignored. 对我来说，一个好朋友必须可靠。我不能忍受被人站起
来或我的电子邮件和短信被忽视
As well as that, a friend should be someone you can have good fun with. 除此之外，
一个朋友应该是一个你可以玩得很开心的人
There are many things in life to be serious about, but friendship shouldn't be one of
them. 生活中有许多事情需要认真对待，但友谊不应该是其中之一
I also believe that opposites attract, in friendships just as in romance, so a good friend
will most likely be very different from you in many ways. 我也相信对立的事物会
吸引人，在友谊中就像在浪漫中一样，所以一个好朋友在很多方面都很可能与你
不同
Friends come and go, but family are always there, whether you like it or not. 朋友来
来去去，但家人总是在那里，不管你喜欢与否
You can even be rude to your family - not that it's advisable, of course! - and they will
forgive you. 你甚至可以对你的家人无礼——当然，这不是明智之举！-他们会原
谅你的
But sometimes you 've known a friend for so long they can become like a family
member - you can really be yourself with them and you may even argue quite often,
like siblings do. 但是有时候你认识一个朋友这么久了，他们会像家庭成员一样你真的可以和他们在一起，你甚至可以像兄弟姐妹一样经常吵架
I definitely find that I have less in common with some friends than I used to. 我肯定
发现我和一些朋友的共同点比以前少了
I sometimes wonder what we used to find to talk about. 我有时想知道我们过去常
找什么来谈
And so you often grow apart from old school friends or old colleagues. 所以你经常
和老同学或老同事分开成长
The people I feel I have most in common with are friends I met at university. I'm not
sure why but we somehow always have lots to talk about. 我觉得和我最有共同点的
人是我在大学认识的朋友。我不知道为什么，但我们总有很多事情要谈。
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Questions about friends
1. What do you expect from a good friend?
你对一个好朋友有什么期望？
2. Are friends as important to you as family?
朋友对你和家人一样重要吗？
3. Do you think friendships change as we get older?
你认为随着我们年龄的增长，友谊会改变吗？
42.Childhood and Children 孩子和童年
Opinions about childhood
The older we get, the more nostalgic we get about the past. 我们年纪越大，越怀旧
I don’t think it does any harm to idealize a bit if it makes us happy to remember
things in a more positive light. 我认为，如果理想化能让我们快乐地从更积极的角
度记住事情，那么它不会对我们造成任何伤害
The only danger is that it may make us unhappy with our current lots to believe that
everything was so much better back then. 唯一的危险是，如果我们相信当时一切都
好得多，那可能会使我们对现在的命运感到不快
It is important because I believe children learn a lot through play. 这很重要，因为我
相信孩子们通过游戏学到了很多东西
They learn about the world around them, they learn how to interact with other people,
they learn about possible dangers through acting them out. 他们了解他们周围的世
界，他们学习如何与他人互动，他们通过表演了解可能的危险
Children shouldn’t 't be made to grow up too fast, they should be allowed to
experience the world of make-believe first. 孩子不应该被强迫成长得太快，他们应
该被允许先体验虚幻的世界
They spend long enough in the real world as adults. 他们成年后在现实世界中度过
了足够长的时间
We've all moved on and have very different lives now, but it's nice to catch up from
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time to time and reminisce. 我们都在继续生活，现在过着不同的生活，但偶尔能
赶上回忆是很好的
You may have more in common with more recent friends but childhood friends feel
almost like brothers and sisters, and there's something very special about that
relationship. 你可能和最近的朋友有更多的共同点，但童年的朋友几乎感觉像兄
弟姐妹，这段关系很特别
Well, I suppose the adult you become is influenced by three main factors: firstly, your
childhood, that is 'nurture'; then, your genes, that is 'nature'; and last but not least, the
choices you make as an adult. 好吧，我想你变成的成年人受到三个主要因素的影
响：第一，你的童年，那就是“养育”；第二，你的基因，那是“自然”；最后，
但不是最不重要的，你作为一个成年人所做的选择
To my mind, of all three, nurture has the greatest impact. 在我看来，三者中，教养
的影响最大
They've conducted research on twins who were separated at birth and, while there are
undoubtedly many similarities between them, they are also very different in many key
ways: their success in the world of work, their relationships with other people. 他们
对出生时被分开的双胞胎进行了研究，尽管他们之间毫无疑问有许多相似之处，
但他们在许多关键方面也有很大的不同：他们在工作中的成功，他们与他人的关
系
I think all this is influenced by the role models we have throughout our childhoods.
我认为这一切都受到我们童年时代的榜样的影响
That's a difficult question to answer and all societies grapple with this issue. 这是一
个很难回答的问题，所有社会都在努力解决这个问题
It is, of course, critical for the criminal justice system to define an 'adult' correctly, or
at least try to, because if somebody commits a crime as a child, they get treated more
leniently than if they commit a crime as an adult. 当然，对刑事司法系统来说，正
确地定义“成年人”是至关重要的，或者至少要努力这样做，因为如果某人作为
儿童犯罪，他们会得到比作为成人犯罪更宽松的待遇
So I suppose you have to decide when you think people become fully responsible for
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their actions. 所以我想你必须决定什么时候你认为人们对他们的行为负全责。
I wouldn't want to be the one making that decision. I just don't know. 我不想做那个
决定。我只是不知道
I'm assuming this means that children should respect their elders and not create havoc
by being noisy and answering adults back. I have some sympathy with this view. 我
假设这意味着孩子们应该尊重他们的长辈，而不是通过吵闹和回答成年人的问题
来制造混乱。我对这种观点有些同情
However, moderation is usually the best course to take in all things, as with
upbringing. 然而，节制通常是接受一切事物的最佳途径，就像接受教育一样
Children should respect their elders, which involves doing as they're told. 孩子们应
该尊重他们的长辈，这包括按他们的吩咐去做
Too many children nowadays think they run the household, making demands, etc.
However, it is also true that a child is part of the family, too and also deserves respect.
现在有太多的孩子认为自己在经营家庭、提出要求等。然而，一个孩子也是家庭
的一部分，也是值得尊重的
I think this means they should be allowed to express their points of view and they
should be listened to and consulted. It’s a fine balance, I suppose. 我认为这意味着
他们应该被允许表达他们的观点，他们应该被倾听和咨询。我想这是个很好的平
衡
I don't think they should experience too many sad or terrifying experiences, if it can
be helped. 我认为他们不应该经历太多悲伤或可怕的经历，如果可以帮助的话
Nevertheless, what is very useful for teaching children about these darker sides of life
without scarring them is stories. 然而，对于教孩子们了解生活中这些阴暗面而不
伤及他们来说，最有用的是故事
In stories they can learn about evil and the dangers in the world around them, but in a
controlled way where the 'baddies' are punished and everyone ends up happy. 在故事
中，他们可以了解邪恶和他们周围世界的危险，但以一种可控的方式，“坏人”
受到惩罚，每个人最终都会快乐
This gives them a focus for the fears that all children have but it is a fictional one so
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doesn't upset their peace of mind. 这给了他们一个关注所有孩子的恐惧的焦点，但
这是一个虚构的，所以不会扰乱他们的内心平静
My instinct is to say 'no' because you see many misbehaving children when you 're
out and about. In reality, there are probably many more well brought up children than
badly brought up ones, it's just that the good children don't attract your attention as
much. 我的直觉是说“不”，因为你在外面走来走去的时候会看到许多行为不端
的孩子。事实上，可能有更多的教养良好的孩子比教养不好的孩子，只是好孩子
并没有吸引你那么多的注意力
Questions about childhood
1. Do you think people often idealize their childhood?
你认为人们经常把他们的童年理想化吗？
2. Is it important for children to have fun? Why?
孩子们玩得开心重要吗？为什么？
3. Are you still in touch with your childhood friends?
你还和儿时的朋友保持联系吗？
4. How does a person's childhood influence what kind of adult they become?
一个人的童年如何影响他们成为什么样的成年人？
5. When does a child become an adult in your view?
在你看来，孩子什么时候变成成人？
6. Do you agree with the saying children should be seen and not heard?
你同意“孩子应该被看到而不是被听到”的说法吗？
7. Is it good for children to be exposed to frightening and sad experiences or should they
be protected from these as far as possible?
儿童接触恐怖和悲伤的经历有好处吗？还是应该尽可能避免这些经历？
8.
Are children in your country generally well brought up?
你们国家的儿童普遍成长良好吗？
43.Future 未来
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Opinions about future
I think the Internet will have a huge impact on our lives. 我认为互联网将对我们的
生活产生巨大影响
More and more people are using social websites and apps to keep in touch with
friends. 越来越多的人使用社交网站和应用程序与朋友保持联系
The Internet will probably replace TV because most channels are already available
online. 互联网可能会取代电视，因为大多数频道已经可以在线观看了
I think we’ll do more online shopping. 我想我们会更多地在网上购物
Web-based companies like Amazon and Alibaba are already really successful. In the
future, there will probably be more companies that only sell via the Internet. 亚马逊
和阿里巴巴这样的网络公司已经非常成功了。在未来，可能会有更多的公司只通
过互联网销售
I expect we’ll spend more money online than in traditional shops. 我想我们在网上
花的钱会比在传统商店多
Schools and universities might also use the Internet to provide courses, so it’s true
that online learning will probably become a normal part of life. 学校和大学也可能
利用互联网来提供课程，所以网上学习很可能成为生活的一部分
Hopefully we’ll have cars that drive themselves and never crash. 希望我们的车能自
己开，不会撞车
We’ll probably fly more, and it might become normal to have your own plane. 我们
可能会飞得更多，有自己的飞机可能会变得很正常
Many cities are building more bicycle lanes, so maybe we will use cars less for
getting around towns and cities. 许多城市都在修建更多的自行车道，所以也许我
们在城镇和城市周围会少用汽车
Questions about future
1. How do you think the Internet will affect your lives in the future?
你认为互联网将如何影响你未来的生活？
2. What types of transport do you think we will use in the future?
你认为我们将来会使用哪种交通工具？
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44.Mobile phone 手机
Opinions about computer and Internet
I can't see that young children have much use for mobile phones, at least in terms of
using the phone as a phone. 我看不出小孩子对手机有多大的用处，至少在把手机
当作电话方面是这样
They might find it interesting to have a device to listen to music and take photos. But
I can 't imagine many young kids making calls. 他们可能会发现有一个设备来听音
乐和拍照很有趣。但我无法想象有多少孩子在打电话
Questions about future
1. Do you think young children should have mobile phones?
你认为幼儿应该使用手机吗？
45.Computer and Internet 电脑和互联网
Opinions about computer and Internet
The Internet has brought new risks and more criminal activity. 互联网带来了新的风
险和更多的犯罪活动
I think life is more dangerous as I know many who have had problems with crime on
the Internet. 我认为生活更危险，因为我知道许多人在网上犯罪时遇到过问题
Lots of my friends’ parents are worried about them using the Internet because of
online bullying and things like that. 我的很多朋友的父母担心他们使用互联网，因
为网上欺负和类似的事情
Obviously, people in urban areas have wider access to the Internet. 显然，城市地区
的人们有更广泛的互联网接入
It’s still a very rural country though, so, on second thoughts. 尽管如此，它仍然是一
个非常乡村化的国家，所以，再想一想
I’m not sure that everybody is connected. And certainly not everyone has broadband.
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我不确定每个人都有联系。当然不是每个人都有宽带
Questions about future
1.How do you think the Internet will affect your lives in the future?
你认为互联网将如何影响你未来的生活？
2. Does everyone have access to the Internet in your country?
你们国家的每个人都能上网吗？
46.Science and Technology 科技
Opinions about science and technology
In general, I would say advances in science and technology have made us more secure
in many ways. 总的来说，我认为科学技术的进步在很多方面使我们更加安全
Increased scientific knowledge tends to make us more aware of dangers, and
developments in some areas have meant that we are more able to deal with difficulties.
科学知识的增加往往使我们更了解危险，而某些领域的发展意味着我们更能应付
困难
Health and medicine would be a good example. 健康和医学就是一个很好的例子
Of course, technology is liable to bring dangers too. 当然，技术也可能带来危险
There are many worthwhile areas of research but, on the whole, I think anything that
develops our knowledge and understanding of health and medicine should have
further resources and investment. 有许多值得研究的领域，但总的来说，我认为任
何发展我们对健康和医学的知识和理解的东西都应该有更多的资源和投资
It often seems to be the case that this area is neglected in favour of things like space
research and I don’t believe that’s right. 似乎经常有这样的情况，这一领域被忽视
了，有利于空间研究，我不认为这是正确的
The problems that science solves far outweigh the problems that it may bring. 科学
解决的问题远远大于它可能带来的问题
Scientific developments often cause lots of problems so sometimes they’re not worth
it. 科学的发展往往会带来许多问题，因此有时它们是不值得的
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I don’t think anyone should try to interfere with nature. 我认为任何人都不应该试
图干涉大自然
Most scientific research is beneficial but some can be unethical or even dangerous.
大多数科学研究是有益的，但有些可能是不道德的，甚至是危险的
Scientists should be free to do what they like. 科学家应该自由地做他们喜欢做的
事情
There should be some restrictions but it’s so difficult to monitor. 应该有一些限制，
但很难监控
As a rule, most jobs would require you to have some skills in this area and I believe in
many cases it’s probably essential to have a good understanding as you would be
expected to use them on a daily basis. 一般来说，大多数工作都需要你在这方面有
一些技能，我相信在很多情况下，像你每天都要使用这些技能一样，有一个良好
的理解可能是必要的
Generally speaking, it’s more likely to be older generations who haven’t got these
skills, as they didn’t learn them in their younger days and they can have a tendency to
be nervous about learning something new. 一般来说，更可能是那些没有这些技能
的老年人，因为他们在年轻的时候没有学习这些技能，而且他们可能会对学习新
的东西感到紧张
Existing technologies are unlikely to make a difference to the world’s energy
problems. 现有技术不太可能改变世界能源问题
Some older people embrace new technology. My granddad, for example, was a
technophile and wanted to keep up to speed with the latest technology. 一些老年人
接受新技术。例如，我的祖父是一个技术爱好者，他想跟上最新技术的步伐
However, I would say that most older people don't bother learning about new
technology simply because they can 't see what it would bring to their lives. 然而，我
想说的是，大多数老年人并不费心学习新技术，仅仅是因为他们看不到它会给他
们的生活带来什么
The Internet has created a global village where everyone can easily and cheaply
contact almost anyone in the world, just to chat or to do business or to find love. 互
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联网已经创造了一个全球性的村庄，每个人都可以轻松、廉价地与世界上几乎任
何人联系，仅仅是为了聊天、做生意或寻找爱情
It’s a revolution, the like of which I don't think has been seen before. 这是一场革命，
我认为这是前所未见的
We have the Internet at home through our personal computers but also on the move
through the use of smartphones and laptops. 我们可以通过个人电脑在家里上网，
也可以通过智能手机和笔记本电脑在移动中上网
Wherever we are we have access to almost limitless sources of knowledge. 无论我们
身在何处，我们都能接触到几乎无限的知识来源
They have brought people closer together in many ways. 他们在许多方面使人们更
加亲近
First of all, some people believe everything they read online, which is dangerous.
Then many people spend too much time sitting in front of their computers rather than
going out and socialising. 首先，有些人相信他们在网上看到的一切，这是危险的。
然后许多人花太多时间坐在电脑前，而不是出去社交
They put on weight. 他们增加了体重
They don't develop and maintain friendship circles. Last but not least. 他们不发展和
维持友谊圈。最后但并非最不重要
It can cut dead debate. 它可以消除争论
When I’m in the pub with my friends. We no longer have a friendly, informal debate
about which band has sold the most albums. 当我和朋友在酒吧的时候。我们不再
就哪个乐队的专辑销量最多展开友好的非正式辩论
We just check our smartphones and find the answer in a few seconds, and then have
nothing left to say to each other! 我们只需检查一下我们的智能手机，在几秒钟内
找到答案，然后就没有什么话可以和对方说了
Yes. I think so, and not just the older generation. 对。我想是的，不仅仅是老年人
Younger people, too, are beginning to see that community is not what it was and that
is largely due to technological developments. 年轻人也开始意识到社区不是原来
的样子，这主要是由于技术的发展
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For example, before the car most people walked to work. 例如，在开车之前，大多
数人步行去上班
This meant that they lived close to their place of work, and so everyone lived and
worked in the same area and they all knew each other. 这意味着他们住的地方离工
作地点很近，所以每个人都在同一个地区生活和工作，他们都认识彼此
In my view, people are scared because scientists seem to be all-powerful. 在我看来，
人们之所以害怕，是因为科学家似乎无所不能
They come up with some new discovery almost every week. 他们几乎每周都有新
发现
There seems to be no end to it. 似乎没有尽头
So people are bound to question whether it’s right or not to delve so far into nature's
secrets. 因此，人们一定会质疑深入研究大自然的秘密是否正确
Manipulating genetic codes and so on. 操纵遗传密码等等
But then maybe progress is always scary and that’s what keeps us interested. It is
challenging and thought-provoking. 但也许进步总是可怕的，这就是我们感兴趣的
原因。它具有挑战性和启发性
After all, scientists developed the atom bomb and all the efficient new ways we have
of killing each other. 毕竟，科学家们发明了原子弹，以及所有我们互相残杀的有
效新方法
What matters is that we keep on questioning scientists, letting them know that we are
grateful for their discoveries but will not give them free rein. 重要的是，我们不断地
询问科学家，让他们知道我们对他们的发现很感激，但不会给他们自由的控制
They need to keep morality in mind when they're working. 他们工作时需要牢记道
德
Technology brings people closer together, for example by allowing friends on
opposite sides of the world to chat to each other online. 技术让人们更紧密地联系
在一起，例如允许世界另一边的朋友在线聊天
But then again, it can isolate people, for example if someone spends hours in front of
their computer alone. 但同样，它可以隔离人们，例如，如果有人单独在电脑前花
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几个小时
People from my country are very enthusiastic about technological advances. 我国的
人对技术进步非常热情
People from my country often go straight out and buy the latest gadget as soon as it's
available in the shops. 我国的人经常直接去商店买最新的小玩意
To be honest, I think people from my country are a bit materialistic and like to show
off with their possessions. 老实说，我认为我国的人有点唯物主义，喜欢炫耀自己
的财产
In China, we are very enthusiastic about technological advances. We often go straight
out and buy the latest gadget as soon as it's available in the shops. To be honest, I
think we are a bit materialistic and-like to show off our possessions. 在中国，我们对
技术进步非常热情。我们经常直接去商店买最新的小玩意。说实话，我觉得我们
有点唯物主义，喜欢炫耀我们的财产。
Questions about science and technology
1. Do you think life is safer or more dangerous, with modern technology?
你认为现代科技使生活更安全还是更危险？
2. Do you think new developments in science often cause more problems than they
solve?
你认为科学的新发展经常比它们解决的问题更多吗？
3. Which area of scientific research do you think is most important and deserves further
research and development?
你认为哪一个科学研究领域最重要，值得进一步研究和发展？
4. Do you think there are some areas that should be off-limits to scientific research?
你认为有哪些领域应该禁止科学研究吗？
5. What effects does new technology have on development?
新技术对发展有什么影响？
6. Do you think older people are scared of new technology?
你认为老年人害怕新技术吗？
7. What have been the most significant technological developments of recent years?
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近年来最重要的技术发展是什么？
8. In what ways have these developments changed society for the better and for the
worse?
这些发展以什么方式改变了社会，使其好转和恶化？
9.
Are people in your country nostalgic about life before technology?
你们国家的人们是否怀念科技之前的生活？
10. Why do you think some people claim scientists interfere too much with nature?
你认为为什么有些人认为科学家对自然干扰太大？
11. Is scientific progress always for the greater good?
科学进步总是为了更大的利益吗？
47.Education and Subjects 教育和学科
Opinions about education
I think they are more useful because they are primarily concerned with practical
matters. 我认为它们更有用，因为它们主要关注实际问题
If you study science, you might, for example, go on to have some kind of technical
role in the production of a device, like a computer or a car. 例如，如果你学习科学，
你可能会继续在一个设备的生产中发挥某种技术作用，比如计算机或汽车
However, all great leaders have studied more arty subjects, such as philosophy,
history and economics. This makes them better leaders because they have an
understanding of human nature. 然而，所有伟大的领导人都学习了更艺术的学科，
如哲学、历史和经济学。这使他们成为更好的领导者，因为他们了解人性
I think success in studying comes from being highly motivated to study a specific
subject area. 我认为学习的成功来自于对特定学科领域的高度积极性
Therefore the student should choose which subject they're interested in. 因此，学生
应该选择他们感兴趣的科目
By way of an example, I had a friend who studied science A levels because his
parents pushed him down that route, but he hated it and so didn't get very good results.
举个例子，我有一个朋友学习科学 A 级，因为他的父母把他推下了这条路，但
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他讨厌这条路，所以没有取得很好的成绩
He still graduated and managed to get a place at university where he studied law, and
he became a top student because law was what he was interested in. 他仍然毕业并
设法在大学里找到了一个学习法律的地方，他成为了一名优秀的学生，因为他对
法律感兴趣
All top companies recruit graduates for their top positions. 所有顶尖公司都会招聘
毕业生担任他们的顶尖职位
However, it's fair to say that a university degree is not everything and it's what you do
with it that matters. 然而，公平地说，大学学位并不是万能的，重要的是你如何
处理它
You can have a degree yet still get overtaken by somebody who isn't university
educated but who gets promoted over you because they work harder. 你可以拥有一
个学位，但仍然会被一个没有受过大学教育，但却因为工作努力而被提升的人超
越
Questions about education and subject
1. Do you think science subjects are more useful than arts subjects?
你认为科学科目比艺术科目更有用吗？
2. Are young people mature enough to choose what to study themselves or should their
parents decide for them?
年轻人是否足够成熟，可以选择自己学习什么，或者他们的父母应该为他们做决
定？
3. In your country, does having a university education help you into a better career?
在你的国家，接受大学教育有助于你更好的职业发展吗？
48.Motivation 动力
Opinions about motivation
Younger workers should be more motivated because everything in their job is new to
them and therefore exciting and they have to build their career, which is all ahead of
them. 年轻的员工应该更有动力，因为他们工作中的每一件事对他们来说都是新
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的，因此他们很兴奋，他们必须建立自己的职业生涯，这一切都在他们前面
Older workers have a tendency to think they've seen it all and very often just wait for
retirement. 年长的工人有一种倾向，认为他们已经看到了一切，并且常常只是等
待退休
I do know of at least one older person who's made a point of retiring on a high and is
therefore highly motivated to get a project delivered to a very high standard before he
retires. But no matter how fascinating your job is, when you reach the end of your
career, I suspect you mainly focus on your impending retirement. 我确实知道至少
有一个年长的人，他已经做好了退休的准备，因此在退休之前，他有很高的动机
让一个项目达到一个很高的标准。但无论你的工作多么吸引人，当你达到职业生
涯的终点时，我怀疑你主要关注的是即将到来的退休生活
Allocating the right tasks to the person with the right skills, but making every task
slightly different so that they learn every time. 将正确的任务分配给有正确技能的
人，但使每个任务略有不同，以便他们每次都学习
That can lead to an increase in motivation. 这会导致动机的增加
It’s about making the job interesting, but without drowning staff in too much new
information each time. 这是为了让工作有趣，但不要让员工每次都沉浸在太多的
新信息中
If they see that they can progress steadily and meet the challenges set, then they'll stay
motivated. 如果他们看到自己能够稳步进步，迎接挑战，那么他们就会保持动力
Although my job doesn't really involve helping people, just training them, I'd hazard a
guess that youth workers, for example, find it very rewarding helping a young person
to achieve their personal goals or overcome a personal challenge. 虽然我的工作并
不真正涉及帮助他人，只是训练他们，但我敢猜测，例如，青年工作者发现帮助
青年人实现个人目标或克服个人挑战是非常有益的
I can imagine, too, that it gives a counselor tremendous job satisfaction to know that if
they weren't there to listen to their patients' problems, things would probably not turn
out as well for them. 我也可以想象，如果咨询师不在那里倾听病人的问题，他们
的情况可能不会好转，这会给他们极大的工作满意度
Although it's impossible for me to know for sure, I'd say people with those kinds of
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jobs take more pleasure from their work and are motivated by something more
profound than just money. 虽然我不可能确切地知道，但我想说，从事这类工作的
人从工作中获得更多的乐趣，并受到比金钱更深刻的东西的激励
Questions about motivation
1. Do you think science subjects are more useful than arts subjects?
你认为科学科目比艺术科目更有用吗？
2. Are young people mature enough to choose what to study themselves or should their
parents decide for them?
年轻人是否足够成熟，可以选择自己学习什么，或者他们的父母应该为他们做决
定？
3. In your country, does having a university education help you into a better career?
在你的国家，接受大学教育有助于你更好的职业发展吗？
49.House, living and Moving 住房
Opinions about house, living and moving
One of the obvious benefits to living with friends is that you’re barely lonely and you
always have someone around to talk to. 与朋友一起生活的一个明显好处是，你几
乎不孤独，而且总是有人在身边交谈
It’s good to share your worries or problems with other people. 与他人分享你的担忧
或问题是好事
Living with friends also helps you learn to compromise, share things, and make an
effort to talk to them even when you don’t feel like socializing. 与朋友一起生活也
有助于你学会妥协，分享事情，努力和他们交谈，即使你不想社交
You should be willing to make a few sacrifices. 你应该愿意做出一些牺牲
You may have to adapt your lifestyle in certain ways. 你可能必须以某种方式适应
你的生活方式
There’s a matter of privacy. 这是隐私问题
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This is true when your friend has their friends round, of whom you may not be a such
a fan and they’re using the common areas of the flat, which can become a real
problem when it’s the exam season. 这是真的，当你的朋友有他们的朋友，其中你
可能不是一个这样的球迷，他们使用的共同领域的公寓，当考试季节，这可能成
为一个真正的问题
50.Patriotism 爱国
Opinions about patriotism
On the whole, I would say yes they are. I think most people in the world are patriotic.
You can see this at the Olympics where thousands of people go to support their
countries' sportspeople and millions if not billions more watch from the comfort of
their own homes, cheering their countrymen on and willing them to win. 总的来说，
我会说是的。我认为世界上大多数人都爱国。你可以在奥运会上看到这一点，在
奥运会上，成千上万的人去支持他们国家的运动员，数百万甚至更多的人在舒适
的家中观看比赛，为他们的同胞加油，并希望他们获胜
It's a very powerful force, patriotism, and has been responsible for much good and
bad. 它是一支非常强大的力量，爱国主义，并对许多善恶负有责任
I think the Olympics shows us the best and most inclusive side of patriotism. 我认为
奥运会向我们展示了爱国主义最好、最包容的一面
People feel the need to belong, to a club, to a family, to a group of friends, to a region,
and to a country. 人们感到有归属感，属于俱乐部，属于家庭，属于一组朋友，
属于一个宗教，属于一个国家
Where you come from is tied up with so many other things that it says an awful lot
about you, and so is of the utmost importance in defining who you are. For example,
it affects what you eat, what language you speak, and how you behave towards others.
Being proud of where you are from is therefore an extension of being proud of who
you are. 你从哪里来，与许多其他的事情捆绑在一起，它说了很多关于你的东西，
所以在定义你是谁的时候，它是最重要的。例如，它影响你吃什么，你说什么语
言，以及你对他人的行为。因此，为你来自哪里而自豪是为你是谁而自豪的延伸。
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The flipside of patriotism is xenophobia, people disliking others who are from another
country and associating all kinds of negative characteristics with them. 爱国主义的
另一面是仇外心理，人们不喜欢来自另一个国家的人，并将各种消极特征与他们
联系在一起
People are capable of believing that everyone from 'that country over there' is mean,
rude, dirty et cetera. 人们有能力相信“那边那个国家”的每个人都是卑鄙、粗鲁、
肮脏等等
It's quite frightening, really, because it could be argued that xenophobia has made it
easier for governments to justify going to war with other nations over the centuries.
这真的很可怕，因为可以说，仇外心理使各国政府更容易证明几个世纪以来与其
他国家开战的正当性
Questions about motivation
1. Are people from your country patriotic?
你们国家人民是否爱国？
2. Why do people often feel proud of where they come from?
为什么人们经常为自己的出身感到自豪？
3. Does intense patriotism have any disadvantages?
强烈的爱国主义有什么缺点吗？
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