Verbs THE INFINITIVE The Infinitive is formed by adding 'to', to the Present Tense of the verb. The infinitive consists of the word to plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form) and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. The term verbal indicates that an infinitive, expresses action or a state of being. However, the infinitive may function as a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. An infinitive is easy to locate because of the to + verb form. • • • • • • • • • Examples of infinitives: to sing to read to sleep The Infinitive is used: As the Subject of a verb. Examples: To smile is a gift. (Subject) To read is important. (Subject) • • • • • • • • As the Object of the verb Examples: She likes to write compositions. (0bject) *We like to enter competitions. (Object) As an Object of a Preposition. Example: The lecture is about to commence. "to commence' is the object of the preposition 'about’ Practice Exercise 3.1 Copy the Infinitive from the following sentences • 1)I love to listen to music • 2) We want to go shopping. • 3) They have to study tonight. • 4) She has to work tomorrow • 5)I have to write a letter. • 6) She has to prepare dinner. • 7)T have to leave now. • 8) The teacher has to correct the books. • 9) The neighbour has to cut his lawn. • 10) We have to wash the cars. Practice Exercise 3.2-Copy and Insert a suitable Infinitive in the spaces. • 1) Navin likes ____ cricket. • 2) The boys were asked _____ the furniture. • 3) Some children love ______ in the pool. • 4) My mother had ________ the dirty table cloth. • 5) 1 am going ______my room. • 6) Sandra wants ______ a nurse • 7) Carl had _______ his car. • 8) Sam has __________ the books. • 9) The man is going________ the hedges. • 10) The students are going________on the stage • 11) He goes _______on evenings in the park • 12) She has ________ the clothes • 13) We have __________ the walls of the house • 4) They promise________with us to the beach THE GERUND The Gerund ends with ing The Gerund can be used in different ways: The Subject of a sentence- Exercising is good for everyone The Object of a sentence- I like reading magazines. After a Preposition-1am tired of studying. After certain verbs-The house needs repairing • Practice Exercise 34- Copy and Underline the Gerunds in the following sentences. • 1) Andrew likes sitting under the tree. • 2) Shelly enjoys skipping every day • 3) Dancing is very erjoyable. • 4) Justin likes jogging around the savannah. • 5) Studying is very difficult for some children. • 6) After eating, I relaxed on the sofa • 7) Exercising is an important part of life • 8) Winning is not everything • 9)1 like sleeping in the afternoon • 10) Singing is one of my hobbies • 11) Swimrning is a very good e1ercise • 12) I enjoy teaching little children • 13) 1 like painting houses. • 14) She enjoys reading magazines. • 15) Carl goes riding everyday • 16) I dislike playing board games. • 17) Reading is my favourite hobby. • 18) My mother likes planting flowers. • 19) My father enjoys cooking on Sundays. • 20) Sewing is very difficult. • 21) Ienjoy driving my new car • 22) Smoking is very bad for one's health. • 23) They like baking chocolate cookies. • 24) Washing dishes is not enjoyable A Verb is a word which expresses an action. Example The athlete runs very fast (action) He ate his lunch greedily (action) • Practice Exercise 3.5-Copy the sentences and underline the Verbs • 1) He plays football every day • 2) The children walk to school • 3) He drives to work regularly • 4) My mother prepares lunch for us daily • 5) She studied all day at the library • 6) She bought a lovely new outfit • 7) 1 ate the delicious food greedily • 8) We arrived late at the concert. • 9) My father runs in the park on evenings • 10) My teacher writes neatly on the blackboard • 11) The student copied the notes from the blackboard. • 12) Asha scored the most marks in the class. • 13) I visited my friend last week Sunday • 14) The children laughed merrily • 15) My father climbed the mammoth tree. Practice Exercise 3.6- Copy the sentences and underline the Verbs. • 1) I am eleven years old. • 2) She has three children. • 3) We are very happy people. • 4) Some teachers are strict. • 5) The cricket coach was absent today. • 6) Our school is a very ancient building. • 7) We have a big house. • 8) The streets are dirty • 9) The mall was deserted yesterday. • 10) She is slender and active. • Some Verbs are made up of a Helping Verb plus the Main Verb. Some Helping Verbs are • am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall, should, would, could • 1) She is cooking dinner. • 2) I have completed my work. • 3) He will be showered with blessings. • 4) We have been driving for two hours. • 5) They have delivered the mails. • 6) My mother has sewn a dress for me. • 7) I have thrown away the garbage. • 8) Our school has been repaired. • 9) We could have helped the poor man. • 10) She has written to the Minister. • 11) They will see the new movie soon. • 12) The man is climbing the ladder.
