CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO
FLORICULTURE
LEARNING
OUTCOME :At the end of the lesson,
students should be able
to:• Explain the scope of
floriculture industry
and interiorscape
practiced in Malaysia.
• Discuss the importance
of floriculture industry.
DEFINITION
Scope of
floricultural
crops
• Floriculture is a discipline of
horticulture that focuses on the
cultivation of flowering and
ornamental plants for gardens and
for floristry.
• It has been derived from two
words:‘flor’
= flower
‘cultura’
= cultivation
• Floriculture crops include bedding
plants, houseplants,
flowering
garden, pot plants, cut leaves and
cut flowers.
• Flowering plants are
largely sold in pots for
indoor and landscaping
uses.
• Eg:- azaleas,
impatiens, petunia,
poinsettias, orchids,
chrysanthemums,
etc.
• Foliage plants are also
sold in pots and
hanging baskets for
indoor and patio uses,
office, hotel and
restaurant interiors.
• Eg:- fern, dracaena,
begonia, palm, fig
tree, dieffenbachia,
• Cut flowers are
usually sold in
bunches or as
bouquets
with
cut foliage.
• The production
of cut flowers is
known as the cut
flower industry.
Floriculture
includes broad
range of crops
• Floriculture is a branch of horticulture that specializes in the
science of cultivation of flowers.
• Flowers are cultivated under protected, semi-protected and
field conditions.
CROP
PRODUCTION
ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT
MARKETING
FLORICULTURE
TECHNOLOGY
&
AUTOMATION
PLANT
PHYSIOLOGY
Floriculture is an interdisciplinary science that is
both challenging and rewarding
BACKGROUND OF MALAYSIAN
FLORICULTURE
• Malaysia covers an area of 330,323 square kilometer and lies
entirely in the equatorial zone, with average temperature varies
between 21 - 32°C.
• It is home to a wide variety of plants species. Located in the
tropics, it is one of the most diverse floristic regions in the
world.
• Malaysia has the advantage of developing and advancing its
floriculture industry which could generate decent income to
producers and traders and contribute to the national income.
• Export value of fresh cut flowers reaches up to RM400
million per year.
• The main export destination for fresh orchids are Singapore
(serves as transit point), Japan, Australia and Europe.
• The largest variety of orchids exported include Dendrobium,
Aranda and Mokara.
• Largest variety of highland flowers exported is
Chrysanthemum, where Malaysia has been the largest
exporter for Japan market.
PRODUCTION VALUE (RM)
MALAYSIA
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
321,335
330,975
338,485
331,716
341,857
Floriculture production value recorded an increase of
6.5%, from RM 321 to RM342 million in the last five years
(2013-2017) in line with the increase in acreage planted
within the same period.
Source: Statistic Unit, Department of Agriculture
Ornamental Production in
Malaysia
Name of Product
Total Production
Cutting orchid
24,262,974
% of total
Produced
100.00
Non-orchid
90,295,977
100.00
Foliage plants
5,081,630
100.00
✓ Cutting orchid - Phalaenopsis, Aranda, Mokara, Vanda, Oncidium
✓ Non-Orchid - Anthurium, Dahlia, Heliconia.
✓ Foliage plant - Calathea, Philodendron, Cordyline, Croton
CUT FOLIAGE PLANTS
Main Orchid Cut Flower Types and Varieties and Percentage
Composition of Total Cut Flower Production.
Main Flower Types
Orchids
1. Dendrobium
2. Aranda
3. Oncidium
4. Mokara
5. Arachnis
6. Aranthera
7. Vanda
8. Holttumara
9. Phalaenopsis
10. Kagawara
Subtotal for Orchids
Main Varieties
% of Total Cut Flowers
Produced
D. Sonia, D. Tomie Pink,
D. Shavin White, D. Chanel
D. Sharifah Fatimah, D. Tuang Pink
11.17
A. Wan Chark Kuan,
A. Noorah Blue
A. Happy Beauty
O. Golden Shower,
O. Gower Ramsay, O. Taka
M. Chark Kuan (Pink, Orange, Red),
8.00
M. Dinah Shore, M. Khaw Phaik Suan
A. Maggie Ooi
A. Anne Black, A. James Storei
MAS Los Angeles
H. Loke Tuck Yip, H. Chee Kiong
P. Sun Prince Pink,
P. Hawaiian Clouds x P. Carmela Pink
K. Christine Low
5.01
3.50
0.56
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.01
0.01
29.07
ORHID SPP
Main temperate cut flower types, varieties and
percentage composition of total cut flower
production.
Main Flower Types
% of Total Cut
Flowers
Produced
1. Rosa
Hybrid teas - Samantha, Etna, Sonia, Kiss,
33.48
Dukat, Amber Green, Cocktail 80, Golden
Times
2. Chrysanthemum
Reagan Yellow, Reagan Dark Spendid,
22.62
Jaguar Red, Vyron, White Spider, Fiji Pink,
Cleopatra Royal, Rivalry
3. Carnation
Standards - Master, Killer, Oriana, Indios,
9.02
Liberty, Nicol, Samor Spray - Elsy, Etna,
Cherry Fantasia, Cartauche, Iceland
4. Aster (Peacock flower) Monte Cassino, Suzanne, Pointed Lady,
2.36
Solidago, Suntop
5. Gerbera
Melody, Beauty, Sundance, Mickey
1.77
6. Limonium
Misty Blue, Misty White
0.63
7. Anthurium
Nitta Orange, Anneke Pink, Avanti
0.60
8. Lilium
Cassablanca, Star Gaze, Dreamland,
0.44
Harmony, Snow Queen, Olympic Star
9. Heliconia
Spaciata Purple, Spaciata White
0.30
13. Strelitzia
Bird of Paradise
0.02
Subtotal for Non Orchids
71.46
Subtotal for Orchids
Main Varieties
28.54
CUT FLOWER PLANTS
The importance of floriculture
industry
Flower gardens increase beauty of indoor and
outdoor spaces
It is the principal component of public
functions and anniversaries and also
extensively used for decoration.
Flower gardening is a good medium of passing
leisure time and help keeping good health.
Flowers help getting out of illness through
psychological enchantment
Its beauty and fragrance give happiness to all
irrespective of age and wealth.
Flower increases the aesthetic sense of human
being and satisfies demand of heart feelings
Scent and perfumes extracted from the
fragrance of flowers such as rose water, atar etc.
It is the source of inspiration to the poets,
writers and painters.
Flower is a national symbol such as Hisbiscus
rosa sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia,
Orchid is national flower of Singapore
Economic importance
of flower production
• Perfume industries can be
established in the country
which can help improving
national economy.
• Establishment of flower
production farms and
perfume industries can help
solving unemployment
problem.
• Flowers can be a source of
earning huge foreign
currency by exporting
them.
• It provides scope to bring
more unused land under
flower cultivation.
• Flowers can be considered
as a commercial
commodity.
• Commercial flower
production may be helpful
in increased earning of
the grower.
Scenario Floriculture Industry in
Malaysia
• Cultivating ornamental plants in Malaysia was commercially
started more than 50 years ago.
• Orchids have been exported since 1930s and the
establishment of a commercial temperate flower farm began
in 1950s in Cameron Highland.
• The floriculture industry has grown dramatically since 1990s
due to its high demand in the country especially in orchids,
roses, carnations and chrysanthemums production.
• The demand for the plants increases due to the growth of new
developed areas concerned with the change of quality of life and
environment nowadays.
• People live in better environment which landscape is an important
element to provide the beauty and benefit both indoor and outdoor
spaces (landscape and interiorscape).
• Interiorscaping is now being popular in providing healthier indoor
spaces as the green building practices introduced.