CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
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How can you tell which one is an element and which isn’t?
http://ptable.com/
http://periodictable.com/
All the elements are shown in the periodic table.
If it’s not in the table – it’s not an element!
Elements
1. pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler
substance by physical or chemical means.


Made of only 1 type of
particle
Ex: copper wire only
has copper atoms
2. Can’t be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
Compounds
Pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical
bonds.
The chemical term for two atoms joining tightly together is bonding.
In a compound, two or more different kinds of atom are bonded.
For example,
When sodium atoms bond with chlorine atoms, they form the compound sodium
chloride.
 Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
Class activity
Which of the following is an element and which is a compound?
Substance
Water
Silver
Sugar
Aluminum
Carbon dioxide
Sodium chloride
Oxygen
Copper
Calcium
Nitric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium
Ammonia
Xenon
Gold
Element
Compound
Chemical formula
H2O
Ag
C6H12O6
Al
CO2
NaCl
O / O2
Cu
Ca
HNO3
NaOH
Na
NH3
Xe
Au
Remember
If it’s in the periodic table; it’s an element.
If it has more than 1 type of element; it’s a compound.
Practice 1
Water
Copper
Magnesium Carbonate
Sulphur
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 Elements.
 The periodic table.
 Metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Elements
Metalloids
Metals
Nonmetals
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More than 80
types of metals
Good conductors of electricity and heat.
Have high melting points.
Shiny surface.
Malleable – can bend to a wanted shape.
Ductile – can be shaped as a wire.
All metals are solid at room temperature (except for Mercury).
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Examples of some metals
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17 types of
non-metals
Poor conductors of electricity and heat (insulators).
Have low melting points.
Dull surface.
Brittle and brake easily.
Most non-metals are gas at room temperature.
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Examples of some non-metals
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Metalloids have some chemical and physical properties
of metals and some properties of non-metals
at different conditions.
Example:
Silicon and Germanium are used in electronic
devices because we can control their electrical
conductivity.
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Class activity
According to the periodic table; which of the following are metals, non-metals or metalloids?
Element
Silver
Metal

Non-metal
Silicon
Calcium


Helium


Oxygen
Aluminium
Zinc
Copper



Boron

Bromine
Beryllium
Mercury



Iodine


Sulfur
Platinum
Germanium
Metalloid


Practice 2
Bumper
Tyres
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Matter
Made of particles
Combination
of particles
Metal
Element
Non-metal
Compound
Metalloid
Mixture
Naming simple compounds
To name simple compounds of metals and non-metals:
1. Write down the name of the metal.
2. Write down the name of the non-metal,
changing the ending of the word to “-ide”.
What is the name of the compound made when the
following elements combine?
 magnesium and oxygen
 sodium and chlorine
 oxygen and iron
magnesium oxide
sodium chloride
iron oxide
Naming
simple
compounds
What is the name of each compound formed by these
metal and non-metal elements?
Element 1
Element2
Name of compound
iron
magnesium
sodium
tin
aluminium
nickel
zinc
lithium
sulphur
nitrogen
chlorine
oxygen
bromine
iodine
sulphur
nitrogen
iron sulphide
magnesium nitride
sodium chloride
tin oxide
aluminium bromide
nickel iodide
zinc sulphide
lithium nitride
Naming further compounds
Many compounds contain more than two elements.
For compounds containing two elements plus oxygen,
the ending of the other non-metal usually changes to “ate”.
Element 1 Element 2 Element 3 Name of compound
nickel
sulphur
oxygen
nickel sulphate
magnesium
nitrogen
oxygen
magnesium nitrate
sodium
nitrogen
oxygen
copper
sulphur
oxygen
aluminium
bromine
oxygen
sodium nitrate
copper sulphate
aluminium bromate
Practice