EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL FUEL
ASH (POFA) BLENDED GRANITE – GRAVEL CONCRETE
BY
ALAGBE SAMUEL
20/CEH/0856
BEING A PROJECT SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
OSUN STATE POLYTECHNIC, IREE, OSUN STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
OSUN STATE POLYTECHNIC, IREE, OSUN STATE
JUNE, 2022
i
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project was carried out by Alagbe Samuel 20/CEH/0856,
under the supervision of Mr. Awoyale of the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, Osun State.
……………………………..…….
.....……………………………..
Mr. Awoyale
Date
Supervisor
……………………………..
......……………………………..
Engr. A. A. Oguntayo
Date
H. O. D.
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for His mercy, loving kindness and grace in
my life.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to praise and thank the Almighty God for taking me
this far in my academic pursuit.
This study cannot complete without effort, encouragement, guidance, critics, advices,
and help from my project supervisor. Therefore, I would like to acknowledge with thanks to
my project supervisor, Engr. Awoyale.
Special thanks go to the Dean of the faculty of Engineering, Engr. A. S. Awofadeju;
the H.O.D., Engr. A. A. Oguntayo; Engr. I. O. Obilade; Engr. A. O. Akanni; Engr. D. O.
Ayelabola; Engr. I. O. Ogunwemimo; Engr. Tiamiyu; Engr. Adeyemo B. G. and the entire staff
of Civil Engineering Department for the values I am gaining from them in the course of my
study.
Last but not least, I would like to express my thankfulness to Osun State Polytechnic,
Iree for giving me opportunity to conduct study. Finally, an honourable mention goes to my
friends.
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ABSTRACT
Large scale cement production contributes to greenhouse gases both directly through
the production of CO2 during manufacturing and also through the consumption of energy. As
one of the way to ameliorate the effect, this research work will study the mechanical properties
of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) granite-gravel concrete, so as to ascertain it suitability for use
in concrete production as partial replacement for cement. To achieve this, Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC) concrete i.e. concrete with 100% OPC and ordinary blended granite-gravel
will serve as control, and concrete with 20% - 30% POFA replacement and granite-gravel of
50/50 percentage by weight having uniform water/binder (w/b) ratios of 0.5 and mixing ratio
of 1:2:4 will be use in this study. Flexural strength of the harden concrete specimen will be
determine at curing ages of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The results from the test
shall be used in justifying the theme of the study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page
i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1
Background of the study
1-2
1.2
Statement of Problem
2
1.3
Aim and objectives
2-3
1.4
Justification of study
3
1.5
Scope and Limitations of the study
3
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1
Palm Oil Fuel Ash
4
2.2
Properties of POFA
4-6
2.3
General Review of Previous Researches on POFA Concrete
6-9
2.4
Concrete and its Components
9-12
2.5
Properties of Fresh Concrete
12-16
2.6
Properties of Harden Concrete
16-21
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1
Introduction
22
3.2
Materials
22-23
3.3
Preparation of Concrete Specimen
23
3.4
Flexural Strength Test
23-24
References
25-26
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