Biology
Bio 93 Midterm 1 Review
FALL 2015
Atoms, Molecules
and Water
Macromolecules
Plasma
Membrane
Membrane
Trafficking
Cytoskeleton &
Organelles
Endomembrane
System
Atoms,
MacroMolecules &
molecules
Water
Plasma
Membrane
Membrane
Trafficking
Cytoskeleton
& Organelles
Endomembrane
System
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
Atoms, Molecules, and Water for 100
This is the lowest structural level capable of
performing all activities of life?
Answer
Atoms, Molecules, and Water 100
Answer:
What is a Cell?
Atoms, Molecules, and Water for 200
Flowers could be colored artificially by putting
freshly cut flowers into a vase filled with water
and colored dyes. What property of water could
this be attributed to?
Answer
Atoms, Molecules, and Water 200
Answer
What are hydrogen bonds?
Atoms, Molecules, and Water for 300
Given this equation:
H2CO3 ←➔ HCO3- + H+
If a person accidentally injected themselves with
an acid, in what direction will the equation
shift?
Answer
Atoms, Molecules, and Water 300
Answer
H2CO3 ←➔ HCO3- + H+
Carbonic Acid
H+ donor
Bicarbonate
H+ acceptor
What is shifting to the left?
The acid introduced into the bloodstream would
increase the concentration of hydrogen. Therefore,
to counteract that, the carbonic acid buffering
reaction would shift to the LEFT. Bicarbonate will
bind to hydrogen (H+ acceptor)
Atoms, Molecules, and Water for 400
The type of bonds formed in a molecule
influence whether it has an affinity for water.
For those molecules, which bonds allow it to be
hydrophilic?
Answer
Atoms, Molecules, and Water 400
Answer
Molecules that contain polar or ionic bonds
because they can form hydrogen bonds with
water
Ex: NH3, NaCl
Atoms, Molecules, and Water for 500
Which of the following has the lowest
concentration of hydrogen ions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Seawater (pH 8)
Urine (pH 6)
Tomato Juice (pH 4)
Vinegar (pH 3)
Lemon Juice (pH 2)
Answer
Atoms, Molecules, and Water 500
Answer
Seawater (pH 8)
In basic solutions, you get a high pH and a low
concentration of [H+]
[H+] < [OH-]
Macromolecules for 100
• In which electron shell will electrons have the
lowest potential energy?
Answer
Macromolecules for 100 Answer
• What is closest to the atomic nucleus?
Macromolecules for 200
Which chemical group can modulate gene
expression when added to nucleotides?
Answer
Macromolecules for 200 Answer
What is the methyl group?
Macromolecules for 300
What chemical groups are commonly found in
sugars?
Answer
Macromolecules for 300 Answer
What is a carbonyl and hydroxyl group?
Macromolecules for 400
What is this structure? Is it soluble in water?
Answer
Macromolecules for 400 Answer
What is an amino acid (Phenylalanine)?
It is hydrophobic; not soluble in water
Macromolecules for 500
Phosphodiester linkages bond which polymers
together?
Answer
Macromolecules for 500 Answer
What is nucleic acids, DNA & RNA?
Plasma Membrane for 100
The plasma membrane is composed of what 3
components?
Answer
Plasma Membrane for 100 Answer
What is:
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
Plasma Membrane for 200
What are different functions of membrane
proteins? Name 2.
Answer
Plasma Membrane for 200 Answer
Transport,
enzymatic activity,
signal transduction,
cell-cell recognition,
intercellular joining,
attachment to the
cytoskeleton and
extracellular matrix.
Plasma Membrane for 300
In the plasma membrane, how are
phospholipids held together?
Answer
Plasma Membrane for 300 Answer
They are held together by weak hydrophobic
interactions (i.e., van der Waals interactions)
Plasma Membrane for 400
Some patients were found to be resistant to
HIV. What allowed them to be resistant to HIV?
Answer
Plasma Membrane for 400 Answer
These people lacked or had a mutant form of
CCR5 (a co-receptor of CD4)
Plasma Membrane for 500
When Archie was born, he was diagnosed with a
rare cholesterol deficiency. If he were to skip
his medication, how would his cholesterol
deficiency affect the fluidity of the plasma
membrane?
Answer
Plasma Membrane for 500 Answer
At moderate temperatures, cholesterol
REDUCES membrane fluidity.
If Archie stopped taking his medication, there
would be an INCREASE in membrane fluidity
Membrane Trafficking for 100
What would happen to cells of a saltwater fish if
it was placed in a bowl of freshwater?
Answer
Membrane Trafficking for 100 Answer
Because the fresh water is HYPOtonic to the
fish’s cells, its cells would swell (and eventually
lyse)
Membrane Trafficking for 200
What kind of vesicular transport carries large
quantities of low concentration molecules into
the cell and is specific?
Answer
Membrane Trafficking for 200 Answer
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Membrane Trafficking for 300
Which of the two following can directly pass
(diffuse) through the lipid bilayer?
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. Glucose
D. K+
E. Steroids
Answer
Membrane Trafficking for 300 Answer
What is CO2 and steroids?
Membrane Trafficking for 400
In plants, what is the main electrogenic pump ?
Also, is it a channel protein or a carrier protein?
Answer
Membrane Trafficking for 400 Answer
What is the proton pump? What is a carrier
protein?
It generates a voltage across the membrane.
Membrane Trafficking for 500
If you added a drug to slow the co-transport of
glucose into a cell, how would this affect Na+?
Na+
glu
glu
Na-K pump
Na+
Na+
Na+
glu
Na+
glucose
cotransporter
glu
Na+
glu
Na+
glu
Answer
Membrane Trafficking for 500 Answer
It would mean that Na+ cannot be moved down
it’s gradient and into the cell.
Na+
glu
glu
Na-K pump
Na+
Na+
Na+
glu
Na+
glucose
cotransporter
glu
Na+
glu
Na+
glu
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 100
In a disease called progeria, lamin mutations
cause accelerated aging in humans. What
cytoskeletal component is involved?
Answer
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 100
Answer
What is intermediate filaments?
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 200
Integrins link what two structures to facilitate
cross talk between the cell and its environment?
Answer
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 200
Answer
What is the extracellular matrix and the
cytoskeleton?
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 300
In what direction does Dynein travel?
Answer
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 300
Answer
Dyneins move toward the (-) end in microtubles
towards the cell body (retrograde)
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 400
Why would mitochondria undergo fission?
Answer
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 400
Answer
Two reasons:
• Fission would generate smaller structures that can move
really fast along the cytoskeletal tracks
• If mitochondria is damaged, fission can break them down into
smaller parts that can be tagged for destruction
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 500
Where would you likely find a chaperone
protein?
A. Rough ER
B. Chloroplasts
C. Cytosol
D. Mitochondria
E. All of the above
Answer
Cytoskeleton & Organelles for 500
Answer
E. All of the above
Endomembrane System for 100
Vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum
fuse to what side of the golgi apparatus?
Answer
Endomembrane System for 100
Answer
What is the cis face of the golgi apparatus?
Endomembrane System for 200
Once the ribosomal subunits are made in the
nucleolus, where are they put together?
Answer
Endomembrane System for 200
Answer
What is the cytoplasm?
The final subunits are put together in the
cytoplasm/cytosol.
Endomembrane System for 300
In order for lysosomes to function properly, it
needs to maintain a low internal pH
environment. How does it do this?
Answer
Endomembrane System for 300
Answer
What is a proton pump?
On the membrane, the proton pump pumps H+
ions into the lysosome creating a low pH.
Endomembrane System for 400
It has been reported that nuclear pore function
decreases in some cells as we age. Which of the
following experimental results would provide the
strongest support for this hypothesis?
A. Presence of glycolytic enzymes in the nucleus
B. Increased synthesis of proteins with the nuclear
import tags
C. Presence of tubulin subunits in the cytosol
D. Decrease in synthesis of DNA binding protein
Answer
Endomembrane System for 400
Answer
A. Presence of glycolytic enzymes in the nucleus
Endomembrane System for 500
In animal cells, the Na/K pumps are first synthesized in
the rough ER and are packaged into vesicles for insertion
into the plasma membrane. What side of the rER
membrane will the ATP binding site be on after
synthesis?
A. It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the rER
membrane
B. It will be on the side of the mebrane facing the rER
lumen
C. It could be on either side because proteins are
properly reoriented in the golgi apparatus
Answer
Endomembrane System for 500
Answer
A. It will be on the
cytoplasmic side of the
rER membrane