Training Module
8D Problem Solving
培训教程
8D 问题解决
PRIVATE
Why are we here?
为什么我们在这里？
We want you to teach this
module in the future to your key
people under you.
我们希望在不久的将来您能把这一
教程教授给您的下属。
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Method, Process – How we do work?
方法,过程-我们如何工作？
Input + Method = Output
输入 + 方法 = 输出
• You own your “method”!!! 你拥有属于自己的“方法”!!!
• “Method” differentiates the output. “方法”区分了输出
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Method, Process – How we do work?
方法,过程-我们如何工作？
Method of doing work is a
Competitive Advantage
工作的方法是强有力的竞争优势
Input + Method = Output
输入 + 方法 = 输出
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
盈利能力 Profitability
竞争能力 Competitiveness
满意度 Satisfaction
及时化
Just in time
员工参与
Employee involvement
平准化&能力
Leveling & Capacity
安全&人机工程学
Safety & Ergonomy
连续流
Continuous flow
柔性&激励
Flexibility & Motivation
拉动系统
Pull system
训练到标准化
Discipline to standards
节拍时间
Takt time
持续改进
Continuous improvement
高频次交货
Frequent deliveries
过程&结果
Process & Result
生产线概念
Line concepts
团队合作
Team work
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
不要批评，不要指责
Don’t judge, don’t blame !
5S
5S
标准化
Standards
质量第一
Quality first
质量保证
Quality assurance
质量方法
Quality methods
六西格玛
Six Sigma
全员生产性维护
消除浪费
Muda elimination
TPM
What are Problems?
什么是问题?
Problems are gaps between the actual
condition and the desired condition.
问题是现实与期望的差距
Gap = Problem
实际情况
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
差距=问题
期望情况
Problem Solving问题解决
=
Gap = Problem
实际情况
8D Problem
Solving Method
期望情况
8D问题解决方法
=
Gap = Problem
实际情况
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
期望情况
Method of Problem
Solving
问题解决的方法
1
2
3
4
8D Problem Solving,
Corporate Standard AS63
Form a team
组建团队
Describe the
Problem
描述问题
Implement
Containment
Actions
实行“围堵”行动
Identify Root Causes
定义根本原因
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
5
Choose and
implement Corrective
Actions
选择并实行纠正措施
6
Evaluate Result
评估结果
7
Prevent Reoccurence
预防再次发生
8
Congratulate
the team
团队庆祝
1
Form a team
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
组建团队
Get the right people!
去找正确的人!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
2
Describe
the Problem
描述问题
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
• Use Data 使用数据
• Pictures/sketches of Desired and Actual conditions实际与期望情况下的照
片和草图
• “Go and See” approach 去现场观察
• Compare OK and NOT OK conditions比较 “OK” 和 “NOT OK” 的情况
• “A well defined problem is 50% solved.”当一个问题有了很好的定义，那该
问题就已经解决了一半
Who, What, Where, When and How Many
谁,什么,哪里,何时,多少
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
3
8D Problem Solving,
Implement
Autoliv Standard AS63
Containment Actions
实行“围堵”行动
• Quickly contain non-conformances from –
• Problem Start Point
• Problem Stop Point
迅速控制从问题开始点至问题结束点之间的
不合格品
• Appropriate instructions 恰当的指导
• Validated to ensure effective确保有效
• Verified by management 管理层审核
No bad parts to the customer!!!
不向客户递送不合格品!!!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
4
Identify Root
Causes
定义根本原因
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
• Why the problem occurred?问题为什么发生?
• Why was the problem not detected?为什么问
题没有被察觉到?
Find the true cause!
找到真正的原因！
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Tools工具:
•Observation - Watch the
process 观察-关注流程
•5 Why 5个为什么
•现场再现
•Fish鱼骨图
•Go and See 去现场
•More…其他…
5 Why Tool
5个为什么
5 Why
• Ask “why” to understand problems 通过问”为什么来理解问题
• Ask “why” at least 5 times. 至少问5次”为什么”
• Ask as many “whys” as you can, then go 1 more
尽量多问几次”为什么”
• Verify that the “whys” are true 验证这些”为什么”是正确的
• Gather data, go and see.收集现场收集数据
• Try to turn the problem on and off 试着还原并解决问题
Why? Why? Why? …..
为什么?为什么?为什么 …..
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Example:
例子
5 Why
Problem: 问题：
Printer always displays “Failure”. Why ? 打印机总显示“失败”，为什么？
 Jam in feeder. Why ?
进纸处卡纸，为什么？
 Multiple sheets were drawn-in at the same time. Why ?
同时进多张纸，为什么？
 Sheets were inserted incorrectly (“Dog-ears”). Why ?
纸张放入错误（褶角） ，为什么？
 The feeder is difficult to reach. Why ?
进纸口很难碰到，为什么？
 The printer is too close to the wall.
打印机离墙太近
Conclusion: Move printer away from the wall.
结论: 把打印机搬离墙壁.
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Choose and Implement
Corrective Actions
选择并实行纠正措施
5
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
• How was the occurrence fixed?怎样处理这一事件?
• How was the non-detection fixed?怎样解决检查中的疏漏
Install permanent fixes!
实现永久性的解决!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
6
Evaluate Result
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
评估结果
• Is the problem solved?问题解决了吗
• Show me the data!给我看数据
• Time or sample size.时间或样品尺寸
Confirm the problem is eliminated!
确定问题已经排除!
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
7
Prevent
Reoccurence
预防再次发生
8D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
• Look at similar products and processes纵观相似的产品，设备和工艺。
• Keep your lessons for the long-term为将来积累经验
• Find and fix the system cause that prevents the problem 通过发现和解决系
统导致的问题来预防问题的产生
• Assure the fixes are effective today ! 确定措施有效
Tomorrow !!明年!!
One year from now !!!从现在起的一年!!!
Never repeat a problem.
不让问题重现
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
8
Congratulate the
team
团队庆祝
8 D Problem Solving,
Autoliv Standard AS63
• Reinforces behavior 增强了领导力
• Reinforces teamwork 增强了团队精神
• Improves culture 提升了企业文化
Recognize success!
认可成功！
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
5 Why Analysis
EXERCISES
5个为什么分析
练习
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
Why are we here?
为什么我们在这里
Again, please teach this module in the
future to your key people under you.
再一次希望不久的将来您能把这一教程教
授给您的下属。
We would be happy to help by team
teaching if you would like.
如果您愿意我们很乐意组织集体培训。
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private
End
结束
Problem Solving (SQ and Supplier Support - Private