A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION,
THEMES, AND
ANALYSIS
A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION
WHAT IS PERIODIZATION?
n
Each period is defined by three conditions
n
A geographical component
When civilization contracts, shrinks
n When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area
n
n
n
n
n
Increase, decrease in contacts across regions
Emergence of parallel developments across globe
Dates not best way to define a period
Period may occur
n
n
At different time
In different regions
PERIOD 1
ANCIENT PERIOD
n
To 600 BCE
n
n
n
n
n
n
Growth of agriculture
Generally small city-states, states
Neolithic Period
Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Rise of trade
Ends with rise of large, regional empires
PERIOD 2
CLASSICAL PERIOD
n
600 BCE to 600 CE
n
n
n
Large, regional empires
Military aristocracies
Integrate regions
n
n
Permanent traditions and religions
Regional civilizations
China, India, SW Asia, Mediterranean
n Mesoamerica and Andean America
n Strong contacts between regional centers
n
n
n
Many areas outside classical civilizations
Ends with massive nomadic invasions
PERIOD 3
POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD
n
n
600 CE to 1450 CE
Began with rise of Islam
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
First trans-regional civilization
Spans Eurasia and Africa
Era of two great powers: Islam, China
Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies
Saw rise of new civilization centers
Emergence of network of global contacts
Ended due to Mongols, Black Death
PERIOD 4
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
n
n
n
n
1450-1750
Rise of gunpowder empires
Rise of Western Europe
World shrinks
n
n
n
All continents included in world network
Global trade develops for first time
Great exchanges
n
n
Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs
Ideas especially European, Christianity
PERIOD 5
MODERN PERIOD
n
1750 to 1900: “The West and the Rest”
n
n
Era of massive technological change
Era of many revolutions
Technological
n Political
n Social, Intellectual
n
n
n
Western global hegemony
n
n
n
Vast trade networks
Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia
USA, Japan are newest powers
Dominance of Western culture
PERIOD 6
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
n
n
1900 to Present “Change, Change, Change”
The American century and retreat of Europe
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Rise of Pacific Rim, India
Collapse of European empires
Modernization vs. westernization
Modernization vs. traditionalism
Rise of new political forms
Mass culture
Technology, telecommunications dominate age
A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
THEMES
Interaction between
humans and the environment
Interaction between
humans and the environment
n Demography
and disease
n Migration
n Patterns
of settlement
n Technology
Development and
interaction of cultures
Development and interaction
of cultures
n Religions
n Belief
systems, philosophies and
ideologies
n Science and technology
n The arts and architecture
State-building,
expansion, and
conflict
State-building, expansion,
and conflict
Political structures and forms of
governance
n Empires
n Nations and nationalism
n Revolts and revolution
n Regional, transregional, and global
structures and organizations
n
Creation, expansion, and
interaction of economic systems
Creation, expansion, and
interaction of economic systems
n Agricultural
and pastoral
production
n Trade and commerce
n Labor systems
n Industrialization
n Capitalism and socialism
Development and
transformation of social
structures
Development and
transformation of social
structures
n Gender
roles and relations
n Family and kinship
n Racial and ethnic constructions
n Social and economic classes
A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
ANALYSIS
COMPARISON
CHANGE &
CONTINUITY
A.P. WORLD
HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION,
THEMES, AND
ANALYSIS