Which nervous system regulates conscious, voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
Which of the following occurs during the fight-or-flight response?
Increased ATP production
Which division of the ANS is referred to as the "rest and digest" division?
Parasympathetic
The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems exhibit a background rate of activity referred to
as
autonomic tone .
Which nervous system controls glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?
Autonomic
From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?
Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral
column?
Sympathetic chain
Which division of the ANS is responsible for increasing heart rate, alertness, blood pressure,
pulmonary airflow, blood-glucose concentration, and blood flow to the heart and skeletal
muscles?
Sympathetic division
Which division of the ANS is associated with normal body maintenance
Parasympathetic division
What is the background activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
ANS called?
Autonomic tone
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?
Lateral gray horn
Which describes the sympathetic chain ganglia?
A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
Glossopharyngeal
Oculomotor
Vagus
Facial
Which activities are attributed to the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
Reduced energy expenditure
Waste elimination
Digestion
The ganglia of the sympathetic division are located ______.
near the spinal column
Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the lateral horn of gray matter in
the spinal cord.
The division of the ANS that has general and widespread effects is the sympathetic division.
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
IX
VII
III
X
Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?
Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons
Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.
acetylcholine
From which regions of the CNS do the nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system arise?
Sacral division of spinal cord
Brainstem
From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?
Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
Within the ANS, the effects of the ______ division are often general and widespread, while in
the _______ division the effects are more specific and local.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the
parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine
Which receptors bind to ACh?
Cholinergic
Indicate the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors.
ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells.
ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells.
All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors.
Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine?
Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division
The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.
acetylcholine
______ receptors are cholinergic receptors that are found at the synapses of all autonomic
ganglia, on cells of the adrenal medulla, and at neuromuscular junctions.
Nicotinic
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the
sympathetic division of the ANS?
Norepinephrine
What are two receptors that bind norepinephrine?
Beta-adrenergic
Alpha-adrenergic
What are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye?
Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision
Pupillary dilation
Which type of receptor can either be inhibited or excited by the binding of acetylcholine
Muscarinic
Which are effects of the sympathetic division on the circulatory system?
Increased heart rate
Increased blood clotting
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin
Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine binds to ______ receptors
adrenergic
Which division of the ANS causes pupillary constriction and contraction of the ciliary muscle for
near vision?
Parasympathetic division
Receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine are called adrenergic receptors
What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the respiratory system?
Bronchoconstriction
Which is the major control center of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system?
Increased gastrointestinal secretion
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increased gastric motility
Vasomotor tone describes the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth
muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in a partial and constant tension.
What region of the brain is the primary regulator of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which is the major control center of the visceral motor system?
Hypothalamus
Which are effects of the parasympathetic division on the digestive system?
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increased gastrointestinal secretion
Increased gastric motility