BIOLOGY PROJECT – CT2
Investigation 1
Effect of Exercise on Breathing
Breathing has mainly only two parts, inspiration and expiration, or in simpler terms taking in
air and excreting air out from the lungs.
This Investigation hopes to understand the relation of exercise to breathing or pulse rate.
1. Measurements to be Taken
Measurements will be made on rate of breathing, (bpm)
2. Exercises to be Tested


Running (As Fast as possible under a minute)
Jogging (1 Minute)
 Running up Stairs (20 steps as fast as safely possible)
 Cycling (As fast as safely Possible in a minute)
 Sitting (fully at rest for one minute)
 Walking (for one minute)
3. Length of Activities
Time for one activity/exercise will be one minute
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
4. Moment of Measurement
Measurements will be taken and recorded as soon as one minute of the activity has passed
5. Rest Between Exercises
Rest between as exercises totally depends upon the person, there is no definite amount of
time to rest, most athletes only take up around 2-3 minutes to recover from activities or
workouts, while an average human being can take around 6-7 minutes, but for the sake of this
experiment the time will be 5 minutes
6. Repeating of Measurements
If accurate measurements are made there will be no need for repeating measurements.
7. Presentation of Records and Results
Activity
Initial Bpm
Bpm after Activity
Sitting
Walking
Jogging
Running
Cycling
Running up stairs
(20 steps)
20
20
20
20
20
20
18
22
38
60
73
58
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
Bar Graph Representation
Running up stairs
58
Activities
Cycling
73
Running
60
Jogging
38
Walking
22
Sitting
18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Breaths Per Minute
Line Graph Representation
80
73
Breaths Per Minute
70
60
58
60
50
38
40
30
20
18
22
10
0
0
Sitting
Walking
Jogging
Running
Cycling
Running up
stairs
Activities
Both Graphs show a similar trend in increasing of exponential trend of breaths per
minute, it starts out slow but gradually picks up during the running, jogging
sections. The graphs both clearly show that as the intensity of the exercise
increases, the breaths per minute also increase.
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
Conclusion.
After Testing and recording measurements based on this, it is viable to state that
exercise has a visible and definite effect on rate of breathing of a person, exercises
and activities increase rate of breathing and breaths per minute directly, if time
increases the breaths per minute will also increase and be more than the bpm after
just one minute, the vigorousness of the exercise is also a variable that can effect
bpm, such as running, it increases the rate of breaths per minute but cycling for
the same time will increase your bpm even further due to it’s intensity.
At the end, Exercise also positively effects rate of breathing and influences the
strength of the lungs and gas exchange surface area along with its effectiveness.
Evaluation.
1. The Heart cannot provide enough oxygen to the body fast enough as required if the
exercise gets too rigorous, so the muscles start respiring anaerobically producing lactic
acid, so when the exercise finishes the body needs extra oxygen to break down the
lactic acid formed.
2. The breaths per minute completely depend on the person’s lung strength and stamina,
The large amount of time taken for resting and re-doing tests can be tiring and the risk
of recording data inaccurately is always there and can be a major setback for achieving
accuracy with results.
3. Using Much more accurate and precise apparatus with careful recording of data and
planning accordingly so tiredness doesn’t affect us afterwards. Another major thing is
to remain focused to start and stop measurements aptly and skillfully to avoid
misconceptions
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
4. Results obtained are undeniably semi-quantitative as these may not apply to everyone
in the same manner, efficiency of muscles, lungs, hearts all are differing variables that
decide the breath rate after an exercise or activity, these can be corrected or made
more accurate by conducting experiments with tests that have a broader range across
age and have a plethora of more exercises to provide depth to the investigation, retrials
and retests are very important to achieve accuracy, by conducting tests like these with
many different groups of people with different conditions and changing variables and
then finding the averages, we can definitely achieve the quantitative results we desire,
This gives our findings reliability and applicability for all people and types.
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
Investigation 2
Investigating Phototropism
Aim
To investigate the effect of sunlight on seedling/plants and phototrophic instincts of plants to
sunlight during certain conditions.
Hypothesis
The seedlings in the box with black painted walls will not grow or germinate at the end of the
experiment as no sunlight is provided
The seedlings in the box with a window will germinate and grow due to sunlight being provided
Results
a) Dark Box
The Seedlings germinate but have withered away and look rotten and wilted
They do not grow too much,
b) Windowed Box
The seedlings have germinated and have grown much more compared to the other
box, and they are also bent towards the window from where the sunlight enters.
Explanation
The effect of bending or structural alteration towards a stimulus that is of greater
intensity than other factors is known as tropism, the responsive structural alteration
towards a stimulus of light intensity is known as phototropism, this effect usually occurs
when intensity of light is greater than the other factors, or is an orientation/response of
the plant to the stimulus. It does not necessarily mean bending, it can also be the
increase in surface area of leaves to absorb more light.
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla
Survival Advantage of plants due to phototrophic effect
The response to light by bending towards the area where light is entering is in fact a
survival tactic so the plant can produce more energy by photosynthesizing more
(As the plant is now closer to the light source), this helps them make all their necessary
nutrients and continue carrying out important processes for survival.
Evaluation
By making the insides of the walls inside the windowed box black we can achieve a
better response and witness a greater phototrophic effect, this is possible because now
light is more focused on the plant as the box’s surfaces are black, reflecting part of the
light towards the plants/ seedlings themselves which will allow us to observe a greater
effect.
Muhammad Faizan Kaleem 10- D 21345
Set - 1
Ms. Neena Singla