GLOBAL INTEGRATION
EU AND TURKEY
LECTURE NOTES
Prof. Dr. Mahmut MASCA
Маска
mmasca@aku.edu.tr
mmasca@hotmail.com
mmasca@gmail.com
WEEK I
GLOBAL INTEGRATION EU AND TURKEY
INTRODUCTION
Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states through
the partial or full abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade taking place among them
prior to their integration.
The aim of economic integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and producers, as well
as to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement.
The impact of the international economic integration over time
Positive
+
Promoting Export
+
Attracting foreign investment;
+
Negative
-
Imports surged (наплыв);
Greater competitive pressure from foreign
companies, resulting in many domestic industries
Economic growth and employment;
affected by the impact of market opening (iron
and steel, vegetable oil, agricultural commodities,
service industries, etc.)
+
Development of education, culture
and society
Policy adjustments space is narrowed =
you are to make your trade liberalistic;
+
Changing the legal system more
clearly transparent;
Budget revenue from import tariffs were
reduced (because the import taxes are
removed=Customs Union Agreement was signed
in 1996 [https://www.ab.gov.tr/customsunion_46234_en.html]);
+
Restructuring the economy;
Farmers hurt from commitment to open
markets in the agricultural sector because of the
pressure from the farmers in other countries;
+
Deeper integration into the regional lncrease the gap between the rich and the
and global economy;
poor because talented labor force from poor
countries can migrate to rich countries and work
for it (Karl Gunnar Myrdal (Swedish economist)
wrote An American Dilemma: The Negro
Problem and Modern Democracy (1944). In this
work Myrdal presented his theory of cumulative
causation—that is, of poverty creating poverty
;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/GunnarMyrdal#:~:text=In%20this%20work%20Myrdal%
20presented,of%20thousands%20of%20African%
20Americans.]) - бедность, порождающая
бедность
+
Increase in per capita income.
-
Environmental Pollution.
Economic integration includes int trade borders: quota, customer taxes. Турция с конца мая
2019 года ввела пошлины на импорт в размере до 20% на товары электронной торговли,
а также на другие товары, поступающие по почте [указ президента Реджепа Тайипа
Эрдогана,
опубликованном
в
«Официальном
вестнике»
https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/05/20190515.pdf].
gross domestic product = GDP = ВВП = отражает совокупную стоимость всех благ,
созданных на территории страны = C+I(investments)+G+(X(export)-M(import)).
Следовательно, если растёт экспорт, то растёт и благосостояние страны, растёт её ВВП
per capita = на душу населения
Валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП) и Валовый национальный продукт (ВНП) –
показатели общего экономического состояния страны. Они дают представление об
общем материальном благосостоянии нации, так как чем выше уровень производства,
тем выше благосостояние страны.
GNP = Валовой национальный продукт (ВНП) отражает совокупную стоимость благ,
созданных только её резидентами, вне зависимости от их географического положения.
Restrictions – ограничение
The volume of the inernational trade… Own production will suffer.
eliminate = remove (исключить = удалить)
abounded = overflow изобилован
abundant = numerous = rich, much
labor force – трудовые ресурсы
https://ru.investing.com/economic-calendar/turkish-gdp-408
https://datacommons.org/place/country/TUR?utm_medium=explore&mprop=amount&popt=
EconomicActivity&cpv=activitySource%2CGrossDomesticProduction&hl=ru
Figure 1 - GDP (current US$) - Turkiye
[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=TR]
income = revenue
Economic integration can be divided into two main sub-categories: global economic
integration, mostly referred as globalization, and regional economic integration, mostly
referred as regionalization.
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Regional Economic Integration
Global Economic Integration
(Globalization)
1948 (GATT)
1995 (WTO)
(Regionalisation)
America (NAFTA, USMCA, ANDEAN Community,
MERCUSOR)
Asia (APEC, Trans Pasific Partnership)
Africa (ECOWAS)
Europe (EU)
GATT transferred to WTO in 1995.
Midterm is on the 8th week. 2 multiple-choice – 25 questions, 4 options.