Name: _________________________________________________
Date: __________________
Section: __________________
Score: _________________
EXPERIMENT
Group: __________________
5
PROTOZOA
Phylum Sarcomastigophora – Subphylum Mastigophora
UNIT
OUTCOME
After successful completion of PAR 313, students already have: (1) Identified the medically
important parasites, with emphasis on their characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnostic
features, (2) Performed routine and other laboratory test used in the identification of parasites
in different samples submitted to the laboratory, (3) Discuss the importance of prevention and
control of parasitic infection, and (4) develop personal and professional values of medical
technologists.
COURSE
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of
various flagellates according to genus and species.
TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Laboratory Experimentation
The student will experience laboratory experimentation as a learning activity under the supervision of
the faculty and laboratory assistant. Pre-laboratory discussions and post-laboratory discussions are given by
either procedural demonstrations or facilitated lectures. The student may ask questions for clarification
regarding the experimental procedures.
At the end of the experiment, the students are given research questions and activity to further their
knowledge about the topic of the experiment.
Introduction
Flagellates are protozoans which moves by means of one or more flagella usually originating from a
basal granule or blepharoplast. Reproduction in this group is asexual by longitudinal binary fission. If sexual
reproduction is present, it is by the union of pseudogametes.
Although most flagellates are free-living, there are some parasitic forms, a few of which are found in
man. For convenience, these human flagellates will be discussed under two groups based on their habitat in
the human body: atrial flagellates found in the lumen of the intestine and other hollow organs, and
hemoflagellates found in the blood and other tissues of the body.
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UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
Atrial Flagellates: Under this group of flagellates, only three genera will be studied: Trichomonas, Chilomastix
and Giardia.
Hemoflagellates: These flagellates are characterized by their ability to assume any or all of the following
forms: crithidia, leishmania, leptomonas and trypanosome. Only two genera of this group occurs in man, the
Leishmania and the Trypanosoma.
PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE
The work area of the experiment should be sterilized. The medical technologist should wear proper
personal protective equipment before the experiment (laboratory gown, eye protector or face-shield,
laboratory mask, gloves and hair cap). Universal precaution is applied to every activity of medical technologist
to the stool sample.
Upon the receipt of laboratory specimen, in a proper laboratory setting, the medical technology should
check the label (name, age, sex, time of collection and date of collection) attached to the specimen container
together with the requisition slip. He should verify the proper patient preparation, collection procedure and
transportation of specimens of the patient. And patient sample received should be noted to appropriate
logbooks in the laboratory for documentation purposes.
ANALYTICAL PHASE
Materials
Prepared slide of protozoa
Microscope
Cedarwood oil
Xylene
Gauze
Procedure
Examine the prepared slide of following protozoa on microscope:
1. Giardia lamblia: cyst and trophozoites
P A R A S I T O L O G Y L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L | 42
UNIT
OUTCOMES
2. Chilomastix mesnili: cyst and trophozoites
3. Trichomonas vaginalis: trophozoites
4. Trypanosomastidae
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
1. Giardia lamblia (Giardia intestinalis)
Trophozoites
14 x 7 µm
Cyst
8 x 12 µm
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UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
2. Chilomastix mesnili
Trophozoites
Cyst
15 x 7 µm
7 - 10 µm
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3. Trichomonas vaginalis
UNIT
OUTCOMES
Trophozoite
7 – 32 µm to 5 – 12 µm
No cyst stage
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
4. Pentatrichomonas hominis
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5. Trichomonas tenax
UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
Trophozoite
Trophozoite
4 anterior flagella
Nucleus
Undulating membrane
(Whole length of the cell)
Undulating membrane
(2/3 of the cell)
Costa
Axostyle
Posterior axostyle
8 – 20 µm to 3 – 14 µm
5 – 16 µm to 2 – 15 µm
NO CYST STAGE
6. Trypanosomastidae
Amastigote
Promastigote
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Epimastigote
Kinetoplast
Axoneme
Nucleus
Trypomastigote
(14-33 x 1.5-3.5 µm)
POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE
Cleaning and Disinfection
The stool specimen should be disinfected with 10% bleach or 10% Lysol before disposal in infective
wastes bags.
UNIT
OUTCOMES
o
o
o
o
Before leaving, the medical technologist must do all of the following:
Returning of materials, slides and microscopes
Disposal of wastes
Disinfection of the working area
The PPE of each individual should be removed properly. These cannot be exposed outside the
laboratory premises.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
47 | P A R A S I T O L O G Y L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L
UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
Critical Thinking
A. Giardia lamblia
1. Complete the table below: 5pts
Motility
Infective stage
Mode of
transmission
Pathogenicity
Diagnosis
B. Chilomastix mesnili
2. Discuss the medical importance of Chilomastix mesnilii? 5pts
C. Trichomonas spp.
3. Complete the table below: 15pts
Specie
Trichomonas
vaginalis
Pentatrichomonas
hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Habitat
Pathogenicity
Diagnosis
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D. Trypanomastidae
4. Complete the table below: 25pts
Species
Leishmania spp.
Trypanosoma brucei
rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei
gambiense
Stages
present and
its location
in
pathogenesis
Vector
Disease
Diagnosis
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Trypanosoma cruzi
UNIT
OBJECTIVES
UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various flagellates
according to genus and species.
DRAW and LABEL your observations:
1. Giardia lamblia
Cyst
Trophozoite
2. Chilomastix mesnili
Cyst
Trophozoite
P A R A S I T O L O G Y L A B O R A T O R Y M A N U A L | 50
3. Trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoite
4. Trypanosomastidae
Stage:
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UNIT
OUTCOMES
UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PASSING
Outcome
To achieve each outcome, the learner must
demonstrate the ability to:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool
a. Focus prepared slides on the appropriate
specimen for the presence of various flagellates
specie and properly identify each stage of
according to genus and species.
parasite.
b. Draw and label the parasite based on
microscopic observations.
ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES
Focus for Assessment
ANECDOTAL NOTES
Observe students as they participate in the activity. Note the extent to which students are able to make and
talk about personal observation. Record anecdotal notes.
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
Create an outcome-based checklist and share with students prior to beginning the activity. Use
checklist to assess if students are able to make and talk about personal observations.
the
RUBRIC
Collaboratively create an outcome – based rubric with students. Use the rubric to evaluate how well the
students are able to understand cells.
RESOURCES
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 Michael and Voge’s Medical Parasitology, 9th edition
 Chiodini, P.L., Moody, A.H., Manser, D.W. Altas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology.
RUBRICS
Critical
Dimensions
1
REFER
Pre-analytical Phase:
PPE (Lab
No PPE
gown, mask,
worn.
gloves, hair
cap, eye
protector)
Factor: 2
Did not draw.
3
COMPETENT
4
PROFICIENT
5
EXEMPLARY
Only lab gown
is worn.
Only 2 out of 5
PPE is worn.
Only 3 out of 5
PPE is worn.
Complete PPE is
worn.
Ability to focus
the slide, but
cannot
determine the
object
of
analysis.
Able to locate and
identify one of the
parasite of study.
Able to locate and
identify at least 2
of the parasite of
study.
All amoebae are
identified.
Incorrect
drawing.
Correct drawing,
no labels
Correct drawing,
incomplete label /
no stage
Correct drawing,
complete labels,
and stage of
development
Score
is
Analytical Phase:
Microscopic
Cannot focus
analysis
any of the
Factor: 4
prepared slide.
Drawing
Factor: 1
2
BEGINNER
Score
Giardia
lamblia:
cyst
trophozoites
Chilomastix
mesnili:
cyst
trophozoites
Trichomonas
vaginalis:
trophozoites
Trypanosomas
tidae
Post-analytical Phase:
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Score
UNIT
OUTCOMES
UNIT
OUTCOMES
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
To achieve this unit, the learner must:
1. Examine and identify the prepared slide of stool specimen for the presence of various
flagellates according to genus and species.
Cleaning
work area
Factor: 2
of
Left the work
area dirty.
Disposed the
specimen but
not treated.
Disposed
and
treated
the
specimen but some
materials are left on
the work area.
Disposed
all
wastes properly,
but
no
disinfection
of
work area.
Properly cleaned
and disinfect the
work area.
Returning
materials
Factor: 2
of
All material are
not returned.
Slides are
incompletely
returned.
Materials
microscope
improperly
returned.
Materials are not
cleaned
before
returning.
Microscope
slides
completely
properly
returned.
and
is
and
are
and
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