Connective Tissues
GROUP 5
What are Connective
Tissues?
Connective Tissue
Consists of cells and extracellular matrix (a
sparse population of cells scattered through an
extracellular matrix).
Connective Tissue
Different functions of connective tissue:
Structural support (e.g. bones)
connections (e.g. ligaments and tendons)
protection (e.g. fat pads)
Connective Tissue
Cells
Cells : provide defense and produce the supportive structures.
Intrinsic cells
Fibroblast (secrete the protein ingredients of the extracellular matrix e.g.
collagen and ellastin)
Adipocytes (store energy in the form of lipids)
Macrophages (amoeboid cells that engulf bacteria and dead cell debris by
phagocytosis)
Connective Tissue
extrinsic cells
Mast Cells (contain small granules to prevent blood clotting, increase
permeability of capillaries and venules)
Plasma Cells (synthesize and release specific immunoglobulins, called
antibodies, that combine with and neutralize the foreign proteins)
Leukocytes (defending the body against both infectious disease and
foreign materials)
Connective Tissue
Extracellular matrix: composed of ground substance and fibers that
provides support and anchorage for the shape of the cells, regulates
and determines cells dynamic and behavior including cell survival, cell
proliferation, cell polarity, cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and cell
migration.
GROUND SUBSTANCE
Matrix of organic materials: e.g. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate,
heparain sulfate
Function: as a medium through which nutrients can diffuse from blood
vessels to nourish the cells
Connective Tissue
fibers
Proteins that give connective tissue its strength
Collagenous fibers
made of collagen
the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom
Elastic fibers
long threads made of elastin protein reticular fibers
very thin and branched -join connective tissue to adjacent tissue
Connective Tissue
Types of connective tissues
LOOSE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Soft and pliable tissue that acts as packing
and binding material throughout the body
Found on skin, organs, glands, blood vessels,
and peripheral nerves.
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Linkage of muscles and bones
Structure through which the tissue is found:
Tendons and ligaments
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Stores fat as food reserve, pads and insulates
the body, protects the skin and other organs,
and stores energy.
Structure through which the tissue is found:
Parts with fat storage
CARTILAGE
Consists of chondrocytes that form a strong
but flexible skeletal material
Structure through which the tissue is found:
Ends of bones; respiratory tract; sutures; ear;
nose; epiglottis; intervertebral discs
supportive tissue
Consists of osteoblast that form a matrix of
collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts
Structure through which the tissue is found:
Bones
vascular tissue
Consists of a liquid extracellular matrix called
plasma and formed elements; functions to
transport substances from one part of the
body to another and in immunity
Structure through which the tissue is found:
Blood
different types of
connective tissue
diseases
rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the
most common connective tissue diseases and can be inherited.
RA is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system
attacks its own body. In this systemic disorder, immune cells
attack and inflame the membrane around joints. It also can
affect the heart, lungs and eyes. It affects many more women
than men (an estimated 71% of cases).
rheumatoid arthritis
scleroderma
Scleroderma: An autoimmune condition that causes scar tissue
to form in the skin, internal organs (including the GI tract), and
small blood vessels. It affects women three times more often
than men throughout life, occurring at a rate of 15 times
greater for women during childbearing years.
scleroderma
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA, formerly called
Wegener’s): A form of vasculitis (inflammation of the blood
vessels) that affects the nose, lungs, kidneys and other organs.
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
churg-strauss syndrome
Churg-Strauss Syndrome: A type of autoimmune vasculitis that
affects cells in the blood vessels of the lungs, gastrointestinal
system, skin and nerves.
churg-strauss syndrome
systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A disease that can cause
inflammation of the connective tissue in every organ of the
body, from the brain, skin, blood, to the lungs. It’s nine times
more common in women than in men.
systemic lupus erythematosus
microscopic polyngiitis
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA): An autoimmune disease that
affects cells in blood vessels in organs throughout the body.
This is a rare condition.
microscopic polyangiitis
polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis: A disease characterized by
inflammation and degeneration of the muscles. When the
condition also affects the skin, it’s called dermatomyositis.
polymyositis/dermatomyositis
marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome: A disease that affects the bones, ligaments, eyes,
heart, and blood vessels. People with Marfan syndrome tend to be tall
and have extremely long bones and thin "spider-like" fingers and toes.
Other problems may include eye problems due to abnormal
placement of the eye lens and enlargement of the aorta (the largest
artery in the body), which can lead to a fatal rupture. Marfan syndrome
is caused by mutations in the gene that regulates the structure of a
protein called fibrillin-1.
marfan syndrome
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