Connective Tissues GROUP 5 What are Connective Tissues? Connective Tissue Consists of cells and extracellular matrix (a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix). Connective Tissue Different functions of connective tissue: Structural support (e.g. bones) connections (e.g. ligaments and tendons) protection (e.g. fat pads) Connective Tissue Cells Cells : provide defense and produce the supportive structures. Intrinsic cells Fibroblast (secrete the protein ingredients of the extracellular matrix e.g. collagen and ellastin) Adipocytes (store energy in the form of lipids) Macrophages (amoeboid cells that engulf bacteria and dead cell debris by phagocytosis) Connective Tissue extrinsic cells Mast Cells (contain small granules to prevent blood clotting, increase permeability of capillaries and venules) Plasma Cells (synthesize and release specific immunoglobulins, called antibodies, that combine with and neutralize the foreign proteins) Leukocytes (defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials) Connective Tissue Extracellular matrix: composed of ground substance and fibers that provides support and anchorage for the shape of the cells, regulates and determines cells dynamic and behavior including cell survival, cell proliferation, cell polarity, cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. GROUND SUBSTANCE Matrix of organic materials: e.g. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparain sulfate Function: as a medium through which nutrients can diffuse from blood vessels to nourish the cells Connective Tissue fibers Proteins that give connective tissue its strength Collagenous fibers made of collagen the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom Elastic fibers long threads made of elastin protein reticular fibers very thin and branched -join connective tissue to adjacent tissue Connective Tissue Types of connective tissues LOOSE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE Soft and pliable tissue that acts as packing and binding material throughout the body Found on skin, organs, glands, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves. FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE Linkage of muscles and bones Structure through which the tissue is found: Tendons and ligaments ADIPOSE TISSUE Stores fat as food reserve, pads and insulates the body, protects the skin and other organs, and stores energy. Structure through which the tissue is found: Parts with fat storage CARTILAGE Consists of chondrocytes that form a strong but flexible skeletal material Structure through which the tissue is found: Ends of bones; respiratory tract; sutures; ear; nose; epiglottis; intervertebral discs supportive tissue Consists of osteoblast that form a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts Structure through which the tissue is found: Bones vascular tissue Consists of a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma and formed elements; functions to transport substances from one part of the body to another and in immunity Structure through which the tissue is found: Blood different types of connective tissue diseases rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common connective tissue diseases and can be inherited. RA is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks its own body. In this systemic disorder, immune cells attack and inflame the membrane around joints. It also can affect the heart, lungs and eyes. It affects many more women than men (an estimated 71% of cases). rheumatoid arthritis scleroderma Scleroderma: An autoimmune condition that causes scar tissue to form in the skin, internal organs (including the GI tract), and small blood vessels. It affects women three times more often than men throughout life, occurring at a rate of 15 times greater for women during childbearing years. scleroderma granulomatosis with polyangiitis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA, formerly called Wegener’s): A form of vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) that affects the nose, lungs, kidneys and other organs. granulomatosis with polyangiitis churg-strauss syndrome Churg-Strauss Syndrome: A type of autoimmune vasculitis that affects cells in the blood vessels of the lungs, gastrointestinal system, skin and nerves. churg-strauss syndrome systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A disease that can cause inflammation of the connective tissue in every organ of the body, from the brain, skin, blood, to the lungs. It’s nine times more common in women than in men. systemic lupus erythematosus microscopic polyngiitis Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA): An autoimmune disease that affects cells in blood vessels in organs throughout the body. This is a rare condition. microscopic polyangiitis polymyositis/dermatomyositis Polymyositis/dermatomyositis: A disease characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the muscles. When the condition also affects the skin, it’s called dermatomyositis. polymyositis/dermatomyositis marfan syndrome Marfan syndrome: A disease that affects the bones, ligaments, eyes, heart, and blood vessels. People with Marfan syndrome tend to be tall and have extremely long bones and thin "spider-like" fingers and toes. Other problems may include eye problems due to abnormal placement of the eye lens and enlargement of the aorta (the largest artery in the body), which can lead to a fatal rupture. Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that regulates the structure of a protein called fibrillin-1. marfan syndrome THANK YOU
