Soran university
Faculty of education
English department
1st stage
Future and (will, shall)
mr : Kako
Prepared by: Sadaf Abdulla, omer
Yousif, omer Sabah, ronya jehad
,bahar mahde, muhamad nazer
Future :
The near future expresses what is going to take place or
what the subject is going to do in the not-too-distant
future. In some instances, the present tense is used to imply
a near future event or action.
The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk
about things that haven’t happened yet
ex
This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she’s
determined to do it.
And in the future, most of the time( will, shall)
these two will be seen let’s talk about what and
how they’re used
Will:
The most basic and common form used to express
the future is ‘will’.
Negative
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Question
positive
forms
Wil stay
ll stay
will
I
Yoy
He
She
It
We
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Will not stay
Won’t stay
Ex
Stay?
He will be
You will not speak
Will they teach?
will – use
We use will to talk about things that we think will happen in
the future.
• He will love your new coat.
• They won’t win this match.
Note that it’s common to use will with the expressions I think,
I don’t think, I hope, etc, or also with I’m sure, I’m not sure,
perhaps, etc.
• I hope they will arrive soon.
• I don’t think they‘ll win.
• I’m sure you‘ll be fine.
• Perhaps I‘ll be late.
We use will for promises or refusals.
• I will lend her the money.
• I won’t help you.
We use will when we make decisions at the moment of
speaking (instant decisions).
• A: There’s no milk in the fridge.
•
B: I’ll go to the shop to buy some more.
• A: This box is very heavy.
• B: Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
Don’t use
We never use the future tense in time clauses (introduced by
phrases like “after”, “as soon as”, “before”, etc.) in English.
Should we need to express the idea of something happening,
say, after something else in the future, we use the present tense
in the time clause and the future tense or a command in the
main clause.
Ex
I will give it to him after he arrives.
I will give it to him after he will arrive.
As soon as you get the email, let me know, please.
As soon as you get the email, please let me know.
In the cases in which “when” doesn’t introduce an
adverbial time clause, we do use “will” when expressing
the future.
When will you know the results?
When do you know the results?
When we use “when” as a conjunction introducing a
time clause, the same rule as for other time clauses
applies:
I’ll call you when I come home.
I’ll call you when I will come home.
Shall
Shall comes first in the verb phrase (after the subject and
before another verb). We use it mostly with I and we:
Shall I…? Shall we…?
We use Shall I…? or I’ll when we offer to do things for
other people.
• Shall I make some coffee?
(=Do you want me to make coffee?)
• I‘ll make some coffee.
We use Shall we…? to suggest doing something.
• Shall we go to the cinema? (=Do you want to go to the
cinema?)
Use – shall
We use ‘shall’ in the following ways:
a) to make offers using I/we
•
•
Shall I make some lunch?
Shall we help you with your bags?
b) to make suggestions using I/we
•
Shall we go to the park later?
•
Shall we have something to eat?
c) to express formal obligations
•
Applicants shall provide evidence of their qualifications.
•
Guests shall not remove anything from the rooms.
d) to make a promise
•
•
•
I shall never forget the help you gave me.
I shan’t be late.
We shall do everything we can to solve the problem.
e) to describe the future very formally
We shall overcome this difficult moment.
The tests shall be carried out by an independent body.
Don’t use shall
As a general rule, use 'will' for affirmative and negative
sentences about the future. Use 'will' for requests too. If
you want to make an offer or suggestion with I/we, use
'shall' in the question form. For very formal statements,
especially to describe obligations, use 'shall'.