From the information given below, build a cladogram for vertebrates up to reptiles.
Show the outgroup and label the derived characteristics of each taxon.
Trait
Lancelet
Lamprey
Shark
Ray-finned
Fish
Lobe-finned
Fish
Salamander
Lizard
Sum
Notochord
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Vertebrae
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Jaws
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
5
Bone
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
4
Lungs
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
Limbs
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
Amniotic Egg
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Sum
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cladogram for Vertebrates up to Reptiles
From the information given below, build a cladogram. Show the outgroup and label
the derived characteristics of each taxon.
Trait
Ferns
Moss
Angiosperms
Green
Algae
Gymnosperms
Charophytes
Sum
Cuticle
1
1
1
0
1
0
4
Xylem & Phloem
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
Chlorophyll a & b
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Seeds
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
Phragmoplast
1
1
1
0
1
1
5
Flowers
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Sum
4
3
6
1
5
2
Cladogram for Land Plants
Example: Cladogram for Reptiles/Birds
Trait
Salamander
Turtles
Lizards
Crocodiles
Birds
Sum
Limbs
1
1
1
1
1
5
Amniotic Egg
0
1
1
1
1
4
Diapsid Skull
0
0
1
1
1
3
4-Chambered
Heart
0
0
0
1
1
2
Feathers
0
0
0
0
1
1