Good Morning! Welcome to Reading and Writing Skills Class! “WORD OF THE DAY” First Quarter READING AND WRITING SKILLS • Definition of Reading and Writing TODAY’S LESSON: • Reasons for Reading and Writing • Connection between Reading and Writing • CUNEIFORM HIEROGLYPHICS READING Why do we read? • To develop a broad background • To create motivation and interest • To build a good vocabulary • For pleasure and enjoyment WRITING Why do we write? • To express • To describe • To inform • To entertain • To explain • To explore and learn Oranges and Bananas JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL What is COMPARE? What is CONTRAST? Read each sentence. Write COMPARE if the sentence is comparing and CONTRAST if not. 1. That story resembles one I read a year ago. 2. I eat meat, whereas my parents are vegetarians. 3. I ordered steak; however, I was served chicken. 4. Lea had her hair done in style similar to mine 5. I got an A in English, and I am doing well in other classes, too PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING COMPARE AND CONTRAST PATTERN - tells how something is like other things or how something is different from other things. TRANSITIONAL DEVICES -also known as cohesive devices -connect and relate ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. -signal words or phrases Signal words used for Comparison: •Spring weather in Vancouver, Canada is similar to spring weather in Halifax, Canada. •Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring. •Halifax also has a rainy spring season. •Halifax has a rainy spring season, too. Signal words used for Comparison: •Spring weather in Vancouver, Canada is similar to spring weather in Halifax, Canada. •Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring. •Halifax also has a rainy spring season. •Halifax has a rainy spring season, too. •Halifax has rainy spring season as well as Signal words used for Comparison: •Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather in Halifax. •Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring. •Halifax also has a rainy spring season. •Halifax has a rainy spring season, too. •Halifax has rainy spring season as well as Signal words used for Comparison: •Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather in Halifax. •Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring. •Halifax also has a rainy spring season. •Halifax has a rainy spring season, too. •Halifax has rainy spring season as well as Signal words used for Comparison: •Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather in Halifax. •Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring. •Halifax also has a rainy spring season. •Halifax has a rainy spring season, too. •Halifax has rainy spring season as well as Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. Signal words used for Contrast: •On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax. •However, winter is much colder in Halifax. •Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one. •In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter. •Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter. 1. Dogs and cats are animals, ______, cats meow and dogs bark. 2. ______ Alice and Susan have to comply with the rules. 3. Hatred is blind ________ love. 4. _______ dogs, cats are lap animals. 5. Tom thinks we´re ready to begin _______ Lisa thinks we have to wait. 6. We are selling the house and the furniture ______. 7. _______ my sister prefers key lime pie, I prefer chocolate cake. 8. Anna _______ plays guitar. 9. They had ________ experiences growing up, 10. ________they came from vastly different backgrounds. • Dogs and cats are animals, however, cats meow and dogs bark. • Both Alice and Susan have to comply with the rules. • Hatred is blind as well as love. • Unlike dogs, cats are lap animals. • Tom thinks we´re ready to begin whereas Lisa thinks we have to wait. • We are selling the house and the furniture too. • While my sister prefers key lime pie, I prefer chocolate cake. • Anna also plays guitar. • They had similar experiences growing up, even though they came from vastly different backgrounds. Choose one of the following three items. Then come up with 3 differences and 3 similarities. Create an appropriate graphic organizer. MOVIES SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS CELLPHONES Example: SPORTS: Basketball and Soccer Similarities: • both played with a round ball • A referee judges a basketball game as well as soccer • Teams from both sports assign a team captain. Differences: Basketball • Basketball is played with the hands. • Basketball is played indoor Soccer • Soccer is played with the feet. • Soccer is played outside Basketball and Soccer Basketball and soccer are sports with many similarities and differences. Both sports are fun to play and each one has many beneficial qualities. Here are some of the similarities and differences with basketball and soccer. Basketball and soccer are both played with a round ball. They both provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise such as running; so if you want to get in shape these are the sports to play. A referee judges a basketball game as well as soccer. Soccer and basketball both require some similar skills. Teams from both sports assign a team captain. Finally, a score is kept in each game. The team with the highest score wins. Even though basketball and soccer are similar, differences do exist. Basketball is played with the hands while soccer is with the feet. Usually soccer is played outside on a large field. On the other hand, basketball is played indoor on a court made out of wood. Basketball is played with 5 players while soccer has 11. Lastly, basketball rewards a different number of points for different scoring methods, unlike soccer, which only rewards a single point per goal no matter how the goal was scored. In conclusion both sports are fun and exciting to play. Basketball and Soccer Basketball and soccer are sports with many similarities and differences. Both sports are fun to play and each one has many beneficial qualities. Here are some of the similarities and differences with basketball and soccer. Basketball and soccer are both played with a round ball. They both provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise such as running; so if you want to get in shape these are the sports to play. A referee judges a basketball game as well as soccer. Soccer and basketball both require some similar skills. Teams from both sports assign a team captain. Finally, a score is kept in each game. The team with the highest score wins. Even though basketball and soccer are similar, differences do exist. Basketball is played with the hands while soccer is with the feet. Usually soccer is played outside on a large field. On the other hand, basketball is played indoor on a court made out of wood. Basketball is played with 5 players while soccer has 11. Lastly, basketball rewards a different number of points for different scoring methods, unlike soccer, which only rewards a single point per goal no matter how the goal was scored. In conclusion both sports are fun and exciting to play. PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING •NARRATION - means to tell a story or a sequence of events •Finally, the elderly crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on time. •One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school. •Then, he thought of helping an elderly even though he will be late for school. •Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full basket, crossing the street. One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school. Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full basket, crossing the street. Then, he thought of helping an elderly even though he will be late for school. Finally, the elderly crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on time. One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school. Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full basket, crossing the street. Then, he thought of helping an elderly even though he will be late for school. Finally, the elderly crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on time. One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school. Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full basket, crossing the street. Then, he thought of helping an elderly even though he will be late for school. Finally, the elderly crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on time. One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school. Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full basket, crossing the street. Then, he thought of helping an elderly even though he will be late for school. Finally, the elderly crossed the street safely and Juan was able to reach school on time. •What words are used to signal the correct sequence of the events? •How do you think the ideas were able to relate to one another? •What do we call these words? •How do these words to create a story? Example: Yesterday, John came and delivered his speech. Then he left the arena right after the last line. His constituents followed him eventually to congratulate him. Transitional Devices used for and, again, and then, finally, furthermore, next, lastly, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) DESCRIPTI ON - means to tell what something is like. ILLUSTRATI ON with examples means that a generalization is supported by specific instances. It is very important to stay healthy. Eating the right food for your heart can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Common examples of food that can keep your heart are black beans, salmon, tuna, fresh herbs, It is very important to stay healthy. Eating the right food for your heart can help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Common examples of food that can keep your heart are black beans, salmon, tuna, fresh herbs, Waste material, such as old rags, cotton waste, paper, etc. should be moved from the serving area. Waste material, such as old rags, cotton waste, paper, etc. should be moved from the serving area. Many proverbs exhibit special proverbial structures which no normal grammar would describe as complete grammatical sentences. We find for instance: Like father, like son, Better late than never. Many proverbs exhibit special proverbial structures which no normal grammar would describe as complete grammatical sentences. We find for instance: Like father, like son, Better late than never. SIGNAL WORDS FOR ILLUSTRATION •for example, •for instance, •such as, •namely, •to illustrate DEFINITI ON means to explain what something is. CLASSIFICATI ON •means to sort items in order to group together those with similar characteristics and to distinguish them from those with different characteristics. ARGUMENTATI ON •means to provide enough reasons and proof to convince the reader that a certain opinion is valid. SIGNAL WORDS FOR ARGUMENTATION •in the same way, •as well, •in addition, •furthermore, •additionally, •moreover, •also CAUSAL ANALYS IS •means to find the reasons that produced a certain result or to identify the results produced by a certain phenomenon. •John is late because he stayed up late to finish his homework. •When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise and cool of water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will •John is late because he stayed up late to finish his homework. •When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise and cool of water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will •John is late because he stayed up late to finish his homework. •When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise and cool of water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will SIGNAL WORDS FOR CAUSE •Because •Is due to •Is caused by •For this reason •Since SIGNAL WORDS FOR EFFECT •As a result •So •Therefore •Hence Let’s try this! Tim forgot his math book, so he was unable to complete his homework. Cause: _____________________________________ Effect: __________________________________ Let’s try this! Gina couldn't find the cookies because Papa hid them in the cupboard. Cause: _____________________________________ Effect: __________________________________ Let’s try this! Erin's car had a flat tire, so she called a tow truck Cause: _____________________________________ Effect: __________________________________ 1. _________ snakes are coldblooded creatures and move with a crawling motion, many people find snakes unattractive. 2. Snakes are useful creatures _________they eat mice and other small animals. 3. Some people get over their dislike of snakes; _________, they may adopt them as pets. 4. ____________ snakes are very clean; they can be kept in apartments. 5. You shouldn’t make a pet of a rattlesnake, __________ its bite is very deadly. 6. Grant lived next door, _________, I often saw him with his pet boa constrictor. 7. Boa constrictors do not eat daily, ________Grant found that feeding his pet was cheap. 8. _________boas need sunshine and fresh air, Grant often took his boa outside. 8. _________boas need sunshine and fresh air, Grant often took his boa outside. 9. Grant and his boa always attracted much attention, ____________boas are a rare sight in the city. 10. Grant’s landlady was terrified of snakes, ________Grant finally had to give his boa constrictor to the zoo Identifying Causal Analysis with signal Whales words are mammals, so they breathe air. Since they have a layer of fat under their skin called blubber, they stay warm in the cold ocean water. They breathe through their blowholes by shooting air out of the blowholes. New air goes in through the blowholes, too. Whales don’t sleep the same way humans do because they have to think about breathing PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT: •Compare and Contrast •Narration •Causal Analysis •Description •Illustration •Definition •Classification •Argumentation Write the correct transition word in the following sentences: 1.(Because, Before) it was raining, I didn’t walk my dog this evening. 2.I love chocolate, (although, so) I eat chocolate candy whenever I can. 3. The test was really hard. (Therefore, Then), only five students passed it. 4. First, you have to answer the questions (next, so) you hand in your paper. 5. (So, First), I went to school. Then, I played at the park. 6. We have been waiting in line for 45 minutes. (Finally, Since) we can buy our tickets. 7. Tim forgot his math book, (because, so) he was unable to complete his homework. 8. I got an A in English (but, because) I failed in Mathematics. 9. (Unlike, While) the price of milk has stayed the same, the price of eggs is rising. 10. Peter (like, as well as) his friend is innocent.
