Ethiopian Meteorological Institute
THI for Cattle’s
Heat stressed
Bio met Team
THI for Human
Cold
stressed
Biomet Kiremt 2022 Assessment
Mosquito
vector
Sep. 2022
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
3-4
5
6-8
9-10
1113
1415
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
1. Introduction
 Malaria is one of the climate sensitive diseases that mostly severe
problems of public health. Although malaria can affects all human
beings.
 Climatic conditions like: temperature, rainfall and humidity plays
important role in existence and distribution of malaria
 Rainfall is largely responsible for creating the conditions which
allow sufficient surface water for mosquito breeding sites.
 Temperature also plays an important role in the variability of
malaria transmission by regulating the development rate of
mosquito larvae and influencing the survival rate of adult
mosquitoes.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
Introduction cont.…
Humidity impacts the survival rate of the mosquito as well.
Mosquitoes will generally not live long enough to complete
their transmission cycle where and when the relative
humidity consistently less than 60%
Non-climatic factors like Urbanization, Population movement
and migration , Water development projects , Vegetation cover,
stagnant waters and so on are also increases the transmission of
malaria.
The assumption is that these climate variables have a one to
two months postponed (delayed) effect on the spread of
malaria.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
2. Climatology for Malaria Transmition
• Western and Southwestern parts of the country suitable for 4 up
to 8 months.
• Northern, Northwestern, Western border, Southwestern and
Harerge parts of the country suitable from 75% to 100%.
• August and July is the main and highly malaria transmission
month’s
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
3. Methodology
3.1 Malaria Transmission
We use favorable climatic conditions for malaria based on
the
Monthly Rainfall, average temperature and Humidity values to
demarcate the monthly retreat or expansion of malaria all over the
country.
Criteria
 T Average is 18 oC to 32 oC
 RH Average at least 60%
 Monthly Total rainfall exceeds 80 mm
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
Methodology Cont…
3.2 Comfortability Index
 It is applied to temperature & humidity data over All Station to
assess the suitability of weather conditions during Kiremt_2022 based
on the THI formula.
THI= (0.8)*(T) + (RH)*(T)/500 For Human Being
THI = 0.8*T + RH(T-14.4) + 46.4 For Cattle's
Where
T - mean temperature in oc
RH - The mean relative humidity in %
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
3.4 Legend
Malaria Threshold
THI for Human
THI for Cattle’s
Dead cow
99
Severed
89
Moderate
79
Mild
71
Threshold
stress
68
Not Stressed
0
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
4.RTH PERFORMANCE
4.1 RTH Performance
 RTH is the combination of Rainfall, Temperature and Relative
Humidity over laying together in one map.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
June 2022
14
July 2022
14
E.Tigray
C.Tigray
W.Tigray
E.Tigray
C.Tigray
W.Tigray
Mekele
Zone2
Mekele
Zone2
S.Tigray
W. Hamra
N.Gonder
S.Tigray
W. Hamra
N.Gonder
Zone4
Zone4
12
12
S. Gonder
Bahir Dar
W. Gojam
Metekel Agew Awi
E. Gojam
Zone1
Kamashi
Tongo SW
W. Wellega
S. Wello
Zone5
Zone3
Zone 3
Zone 1
Zone 2
Keffa
Bench Maji
Dawro
Harar
E. Harerge
W. Harerge
8
Fik
Zone 3
Zone5
Zone3
Gode
Korahe
BasketoGamo
SW Gofa
6
Guji
Liben
Borena
Fik
Warder
Bale
Gode
Korahe
Gedeo
Dirashe SW
South Omo
Burji SW
Konso SW
Amaro SW
Afder
Degehabur
Arsi
Alaba SW
KT Hadiya
Keffa
Dawro
Welayita
Sidama
Bench Maji
Warder
Bale
Jijiga
S.W. Shewa
E. Shewa
Gurage
JimmaYem SW Selti
Sheka
Godere
Shinile
Harar
E. Harerge
W. Harerge
West Shewa
AA Zone5
Zone6
Zone2
Zone3
Zone1
Zone4
Zone 1
Zone 2
Gedeo
Dirashe SW
South Omo
Burji SW
Konso SW
Amaro SW
Zone1
Oromiya
S. Wello
N. Shewa (R4)
N.Shewa(R3)
E. Wellega
Illubabor
Degehabur
Arsi
Alaba SW
KT Hadiya
Welayita
Sidama
BasketoGamo
SW Gofa
6
Kamashi
Tongo SW
W. Wellega
S.W. Shewa
E. Shewa
Gurage
JimmaYem SW Selti
Sheka
Godere
10
Jijiga
West Shewa
AA Zone5
Zone6
Zone2
Zone3
Zone1
Zone4
N. Wello
Asosa
Shinile
N. Shewa (R4)
N.Shewa(R3)
E. Wellega
Illubabor
8
Bahir Dar
W. Gojam
Metekel Agew Awi
E. Gojam
Oromiya
Asosa
10
S. Gonder
N. Wello
Guji
Afder
Liben
Borena
4
4
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
June 2022, Afar (Zone 1, 2, 4), Amhara (N.Gonder,W&E Gojam and Agew), Beni.Gumuz
(Metekel,Assosa,Kamashi, Oromia (W&Ewelega, W.shewa, Illubabor, Jimma, SW.Shewa,
E.Harerge, Arsi, Tongo), SNNPR (Sheka, Keffa, BenchMaji, Dawuro, Sidama, Alaba.SW,
Welayta, Gurage, yem. and Hadiya) and Gambela (Godere)
July 2022, Afar (Zone 2, 3, 4, 5), Amhara (N.Gonder, border of N & S wello and Agew),
Beni.Gumuz (Metekel, Assosa, Kamashi) Oromia (W welega, W& E.shewa, Illubabor,
Jimma, E & W. Harerge, Arsi, Tongo) SNNPR (Sheka, Keffa, Bench Maji, Dawuro,
Alaba.SW, Welayta, Selti, Basketo, yem.SW, Hadiya), Gambela (All zones), Somalie (shinile), D/dawa
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
August 2022
Tmean RH RF
14
E.Tigray
W.Tigray
C.Tigray
Mekele
Zone2
S.Tigray
W. Hamra
N.Gonder
Zone4
12
N. Wello
S. Gonder
32
Zone1
Bahir Dar
Oromiya
W. Gojam
Metekel
S. Wello
Agew Awi
E. Gojam
Shinile
Asosa
60 80
Zone5
10
Zone3
Kamashi
E. Wellega
Tongo SW
W. Wellega
N. Shewa (R4)
N.Shewa(R3)
Jijiga
Harar
West Shewa
AA Zone5
Zone6
Zone2
Zone3
Zone1
Zone4
E. Harerge
W. Harerge
S.W. Shewa
E. Shewa
18
Illubabor
8
Zone 1
Zone 3
Degehabur
Gurage
Jimma
Zone 2
Yem SW
Arsi
Fik
Selti
Sheka
Alaba SW
Godere
KT
Keffa
Warder
Hadiya
Dawro
Welayita
Sidama
Bale
Bench Maji
Gamo Gofa
Basketo SW
6
South Omo
Gode
Korahe
Gedeo
Dirashe SW
Burji SW
Konso SW
Guji
Afder
0
Amaro SW
Liben
Borena
0
0
4
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
August 2022, Afar (Zone 2, 3, 4, 5), Amhara (N.Gonder, border
of N & S Wello, W.Gojjam and Agew), Beni.Gumuz (Metekel,
Assosa, Kamashi) , Oromia (all welega zones, W& E.shewa,
Illubabor, Jimma, E & W. Harerge, Arsi, Tongo) , SNNPR
(Sheka, Keffa, Bench Maji, Dawuro, Alaba.SW, Welayta, Selti,
Basketo, yem, Hadiya, Gamo Gofa, Gedeo), Gambela (All zones),
Somalie (Jijiga, Fik), D/dawa and Harer.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
5. THI performance
THI is a combination name of Temperature and Relative
Humidity Index. It indicates the discomfort index of Human
and Cattle’s over a given area.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
THI Human
June 2022
July 2022
THI for Human June2022
14
THI for Human Jul 2022
14
0 to 21
21 to 26
26 to 31
16
1719
12
17
21 16
14
30
171319
23
13
20
21
19 24 16
1819
16 16
17
1720 13
29
19
17
15 1513
16 18
16
16 1918 17
30 23
19 17 16
18
26 24
15
22 18
17
22
17
17 16 19
17
25
21
1516
19 16
16 18
16
21
22
18
19
19
21
18
22 1913 2220
22
20
17
19
20
18
10
8
6
31
26
0 to 21
21 to 26
26 to 31
13
1619
12
10
20
18 25
8
6
August 2022
16
14 13
30
18
1320
21 16
12 2021
15
20
19
28
1917 15
14 21
16
1414 15 12
28
15
19
16
15 1413
15 14
17
22
15
18
27
19 16 19 17 16
24 19
15
17
20 21
16
25 25 19
16
17 15 18 16
23
1515
17 20 14
25
26 16 15 18 15
17
21
21
17
19
19
1721
18
21 21 2012
16
22
20
16
17
20 17
THI for Human
14
12
28
16
14
10
24
19
25
17
25 18
25
26
15
13 14
19
20
18




38
40
42
44
46
June 2022,
Comfort(76%)
Moderate(18%) and
Uncomfortable(6%)
D/Dawa, Dubti,
Elidar,Gewane and
Metehara
48
24
18
18
21
19
23
20
15
14
16
17
19
17 21
21
6
20
19
19 13
21
21
20
17
17
18
18
4
18
36
21
20
16
16
18
21
4
34
27
24
17
19
26
13
16
16
17
18
15
19
19
15
16
15
17
16
28
20
14 25
12
15
1918
8
15
15
16
17
17
17 20
15
15 15
18
19
12
12
15
19
24
17
12
19
16
18
4
0 to 21
21 to 26
26 to 31
13
16 18
34




36
38
19
40
42
44
46
48
34
July 2022,
Comfort(78%)
Moderate (18%) and
Uncomfortable(5%)
in Awash arba, Dubti,
Sherkole ,Gewane,
Fugnuido.
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
 August 2022,
 Comfortable (80%),
 Moderate (16%) and
 Uncomfortable (4%) in
Dubti,Elidar,Gewane and
Awash arba.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
THI cattle
June 2022
July 2022
August 2022
14
14
14
12
12
12
10
10
10
8
8
8
6
6
6
4
4
4
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
 June 2022, Mild and Moderate stress was observed in Afar,
Gambela and Somalie.
August 2022, Mild and Moderate stress was observed in Afar,
Gambela and N.Somalie .
July 2022, Mild and Moderate stress was observed in Afar,
Gambela, N.Somalie and Beni.Gumuz.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
6.Summary
 During June 2022, the climatic conditions were favorable
for breading and spread of Malaria over; Northern,
Western and South western Ethiopia.
 During July 2022, the climatic conditions were favorable
for breading and spread of Malaria over; Northern,
Western, Southwestern, Central and Eastern central
Ethiopia.
 During August 2022, the climatic conditions were
favorable for breading and spread of Malaria over;
Northern, Western ,Southwestern, Central, Eastern
central and Central Southern Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
THIH
 During June 2022, over 76% was Comfort and 18% Moderate
.Except Afar and D/Dawa (6% uncomfortable)
 During July 2022, Over 78% was Comfort and 18% Moderate.
Except Afar, Benishangulgumuz and Gambela (5%
Uncomfortable).
 During August 2022, Over 80% was Comfort and 16%
Moderate. Except Afar (4% Uncomfortable).
THIC
 THI for Cattle was from No Stressed to Moderate in all
month’s.
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299
Ethiopian Meteorology Institute
P.O.Box 1090 Addis Ababa Website: http:// www.ethiomet.gov.et
E-mail nmsa@ethionet.et Tel. 251-1-512299