لتحميل المزيد من الكتب والمراجع باللغة العربية تابعونا على جـروب التليجـرام مكتبة الكهرباء وااللكترونيات https://t.me/eeebks -------------------------------------------------جـروب الفـيس بـوك عالم الهندسة الكهربية www.facebook.com/groups/EEE.Arabic Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ﺑﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم وﺗﺳﺗﮭدف ھذه اﻟدورة ﻣﮭﻧدﺳﯾن اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء وطﻼبElectrical Power Distribution ﺳﺄﻗوم ﺑﺷرح ﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺎت اﻻﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ودورة ﻛﻠﯾﺎت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ ﻗﺳم ﻛﮭرﺑﺎء واﻟﺗﻰ ﺗؤھﻠﻛم ﻟﺳوق اﻟﻌﻣل ﻓﻰ ﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻻت واﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺳواء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب اﻹﺳﺗﺷﺎرﯾﺔ أو ﺣﺗﻰ ﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻻت ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺷرح اﻟﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻰ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﺷروع إﻧﺷﺎﺋﻰ واﻟﺗطﺑﯾق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷروع ﺗم ﺗﻧﻔﯾذه ,,,,,, ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺎ وأدﻋوا ﷲ ان ﺗﻌم اﻟﻔﺎﺋدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺑﺈذن ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ وﻻ ﺗﻧﺳوﻧﺎ ﻣن ﺻﺎﻟﺢ دﻋﺎﺋﻛم وأرﺟو اﻟدﻋﺎء ﻷﺑﻰ ﺑﺎﻟرﺣﻣﺔ وﻷﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻔﺎء Electrical Power Distribution Course By : Eng. Mohamed Abdel Fattah Alshoura Mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com Facebook Account: Mohamed Alshoura Page On Facebook: Electrical Power Distribution Contents: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Introduction Autocad Transformers Lighting Design Lighting Circuits Plan Design Power Design Power Circuits Plan Design Design Load Panel Schedule Earthing Design Low Current Design Street Lighting Design B.O.Q ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 1 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻻوﻟﻰ :ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ x اﻻطراف اﻟﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﺷروع: .1اﻟﻣﺎﻟك :وھو اﻟذى ﯾﺣدد طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع وﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎﺗﮫ وھو أﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن ﯾﻣول اﻟﻣﺷروع .2اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎرى اﻟﻌﺎم :وھو ﻣن ﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌﻣل اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﻣل ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع وﻋﻣل اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت ووﺿﻊ اﻟﺷروط اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺎﻻﺷراف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ. .3اﻟﻣﻘﺎول :ھو ﻣن ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣﺎل اﻟواردة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت وطﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﺷروط اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻟذى ﯾﺣددھﺎ اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎرى. أھم أﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﻘﺎول : .1اﻋداد ﻟوﺣﺎت اﻟــ ) (Shop Drawingوﯾﻛون ﻣوﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺳﺎرات اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻣواﺳﯾر وﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد. .2ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣﺎل طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺧططﺎت واﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﺟدول اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ. .3اﻋداد اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع ) (As Builtﺑﻌد ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع وﺗﻘدﯾﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺷﺎرى ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺗﻛون اﻟﻣرﺟﻊ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻟﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد. أھم أﻋﻣﺎل اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎرى : .1 .2 .3 .4 اﻋداد اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺎت واﻟﻣﺧططﺎت وﺷروط اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻻﺷراف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻘﺎول اﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻟﻣﺷروع واﺳﺗﻼم اﻻﻋﻣﺎل ﻣﻧﮫ اﻋﺗﻣﺎد ﻋﯾﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﻣواد اﻟﺗﻰ ﺳﯾﻘوم اﻟﻣﻘﺎول ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷروع اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗﺳﻠﯾم اﻟرﺳوﻣﺎت اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ).(As Built Drawing اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : .1اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ وﻛل ﻣﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺗﻧﺳﯾق ﻣﻊ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟدﯾﻛور ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎﺗﮫ. .2اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻋد واﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف اﻟﻣرﻛزى وﺳﻼﻟم اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء وأﻣﺎﻛن ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ. .3اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ :ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻣن اﻧﺎرة وﻣﻌدات وأﺟﮭزة ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻛﺎﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ووﺟود أﺣﻣﺎل طوارئ. ﻣراﺣل ﺗوﻟﯾد وﻧﻘل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : أﻧواع ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ : .1ﻣﺣطﺎت ﺗوﻟﯾد أو اﻧﺗﺎج ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﺗﻛون ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ. .2ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ وﺗﻘوم ﺑﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد وﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﺗﻛون ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن أﻣﺎﻛن اﻻﺣﻣﺎل. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 2 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ﯾﺗم ﺗوﻟﯾد اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﯾﺗم اﻧﺗﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﺑﺟﮭد ﻣﺗوﺳط ) (11 or 13.8KVﺛم ﺑﻌد 500ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﺣوﻻت رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد وﺧﻔض اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﻣﮭﯾدا ﻟﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﺑر ﺧطوك ذﻟك ﯾﺗم رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ اﻟﻰ ﺟﮭد ﻋﺎﻟﻰ )(50 or 220KV اﻻﻧﺗﺎج ) (Transmission Lineوھذه اﻟﺧطوط اﻣﺎ ھواﺋﯾﺔ أو أرﺿﯾﺔ ﺛم ﺑﻌد ذﻟك ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن اﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ووﺟود اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﯾﺗم ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﺣوﻻت ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻰ 66KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 33KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 22KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 11KVﺛم اﻟﻰ .380V ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟﺗوﻟﯾد : .1 .2 .3 .4 ﺣرارة :وھﻰ ﻧوﻋﺎن ﻧوع ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﻣﯾﺎه )ﺑﺧﺎرﯾﺔ( وﻧوع اﺧر ﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮫ ﺣرق اﻟﻐﺎزات )ﻏﺎزﯾﺔ( اﻟرﯾﺎح :وﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮭﺎ زرع اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت اﻟﮭواﺋﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻻﺑد ﻣن وﺟود أﻣﺎﻛن ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ وﺗﻛون ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺳرﻋﺔ اﻟرﯾﺎح ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ. اﻟﻣﯾﺎه :وﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮭﺎ زرع اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻛون ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻣد واﻟﺟزر ﻋﺎﻟﻰ أو ﻋن طﻠرﯾق اﻟﺳدود ﻟﺣﺟز اﻟﻣﯾﺎه وﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻗﻧوات ﺧﻼل ھذه اﻟﺳدود وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺗﺢ ھذه اﻟﻘﻧوات ﺗﻧدﻓﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﺑﻘوة ﻧﺣو اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت ﻓﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣرﯾك ﺷﻔرات اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت. اﻻﻟواح اﻟﺷﻣﺳﯾﺔ :ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻣﺗﺻﺎص أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺷﻣس واﻧﺗﺎج ﺗﯾﺎر ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر وﺗﺧزﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت وﯾﺗم ﺗﻣرﯾرھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ Inverterﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮫ ﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد. اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : ھﻰ اﻟﻣﻌدل اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ ﻟﺗدﻓق اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ داﺋرة ﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟـ )ﺟول/ث( أو ﺑﺎﻟـ )اﻟوات( W أﻧواع اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : Active Power .1اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ :وھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺗﻰ اﺳﺗﻔﺎد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺻورة أﺧرى ﺳواء ﺣرارﯾﺔ أو ﺣرﻛﯾﺔ أو ﺿوﺋﯾﺔ Single Phase Æ P = V * I * Cos Ɵ = V * I * P.F W 3 Phase Æ P = √3 * V * I * Cos Ɵ = √3 * V * I * P.F W وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟوات ”“W Reactive Power .2اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ :وھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ أﺳﺗﻔﺎد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎرادﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﻛون ﺑﺳﺑب Q = V * I * Sin Ɵ اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت واﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت وذﻟك ﻻﺧﺗﻼف زاوﯾﺔ اﻟطور ﺑﯾن اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر ووﺣدﺗﮭﺎ )(VAR Apparent Power .3اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوع اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻐﯾر ﻓﻌﺎل وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟـ )S = P + jQ (VA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 3 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ :ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻘﻮى x ﻣﺎ ھو اﻟﻣﺣول؟؟ اﻟﻣﺣول ھو ﺟﮭﺎز اﺳﺗﺎﺗﯾﻛﻰ )ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺣرك( ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣوﯾل ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد ذو ﻓوﻟﺗﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد اﺧر ﺑﻔوﻟﺗﯾﺔ أﺧرى أى أﻧﮫ ﯾﻘوم ﺑرﻓﻊ أو ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺛﺑﺎت اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. x ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺣول : ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺣول ﻣن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟزاء رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ وھﻰ .1اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ .2اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى .3اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ :وھو ﻣﻠف ﻣن ﺳﻠك ﻧﺣﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻌزول ﯾﺗﺻل طرﻓﺎه ﺑﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى :وھو ﻣﺻﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣطﺎوع اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻛوﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺷراﺋﺢ رﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌزوﻟﺔ ﻋن ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ. اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى :وھو ﻣﻠف ﻣن ﺳﻠك ﻧﺣﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻌزول ﯾﺗﺻل طرﻓﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻣراد اﻣداده ﺑﺎﻟﻘوة اﻟداﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. x ﻛﯾف ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﻣﺣول؟؟ ﻣﺑدأ ﻋﻣل اﻟﻣﺣول ھو اﻟﺣث اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﻓﻌﻧد ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﺟﺎل ﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﯾﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى وﯾﻘطﻊ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى ﻓﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺣث ﺟﮭدا ﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺎ ھذا اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣث ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى ﯾﺗﺳﺑب ﻓﻰ ﺗدﻓق اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧد ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﺑﺣﻣل. Turns Ratio Æ VP/VS = NP/NS x ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣول : ھﻰ اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى اﻟﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ او ھﻰ اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻗدرة اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى اﻟﻰ ﻗدرة اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ. أﺳﺑﺎب ﻓﻘد اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ : .1 .2 .3 .4 اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﻔﻘد ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻورة ﺣرارة ﺑﺳﺑب ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﻼك وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗم ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ أﺳﻼك اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣن اﻟﻧﺣﺎس ﻷن اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﺣﺎس ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ. ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﯾﻔﻘد ﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟدواﻣﺔ وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺷراﺋﺢ رﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌزوﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺣد ﻣن اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟدواﻣﺔ. ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻔﻘد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻورة طﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﺑﺳﺑب ﺗﺣرﯾك اﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺎت اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﻘﻠب ﻣن اﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣطﺎوع اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻛوﻧﻰ ﻟﺳﮭوﻟﺔ ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺎت. ﺗﺳرب ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘطﻊ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ داﺧل اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى وﯾﻌزل ﻋﻧﮫ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 4 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x أﻧواع ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﻘوى : .1ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﻘدرة أو اﻟﻧﻘل :وھﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت ﺗوﻟﯾد واﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد وﺧﻔض اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﻣﮭﯾدا ﻟﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ. .2ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ :وھﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت وﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد ورﻓﻊ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر. .3ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﻘﯾﺎس :وھﻰ ﺗﻧﻘﺳم اﻟﻰ ﻣﺣوﻻت ﺟﮭد ) (VTوﻣﺣوﻻت ﺗﯾﺎر ) (CTووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر. x اﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺣول : .1ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل :وھﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﻣﺣول ﻟﻠﺟﮭد ﻣن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ أﺧرى ﻓﻣﺛﻼ 220/66KVأى ان اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣن 220KVاﻟﻰ 66KV .2ﻗدرة اﻟﻣﺣول :وھﻰ ﻣﺟوع أﻗﺻﻰ أﺣﻣل ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣول وھﻰ ﺗﻛون ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟــ ) (VAأو ) (KVAأو ).(MVA .3طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺄرﯾض ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل ) : (Neutralوﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل ﻟﻠﻣﺣول ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﺎﻻرﺿﻰ. .4ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣول : "Z" Impedanceﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ھذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻛﺗﺎﻟوج اﻟﻣﺣول ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗدﺧل ﻓﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﺻر اﻟﻣﺎر ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﻋطل "“Fault : Vector Group .5طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ واﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ Delta/Star :أو Star/Deltaأو Delta/Deltaوذﻟك ﺣﺳب اﻟﻐرض .وﻣﻣﻛن ﺗﺟد ﻣﻛﺗوب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺣول Vector Group Dyn11 DYN11ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮد ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎت اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وزاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى واﻟـ ) (Dﺗﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ دﻟﺘﺎ واﻟـ Yاﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى ﺳﺘﺎر أو ﻧﺠﻤﺔ واﻟـ nاﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻟﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل واﻟﺮﻗﻢ 11أى ان زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ 330درﺟﺔ ).(30*11 D Æ Delta, Y Æ Star, Z Æ Zigzag, 0 Æ 0 Degree, 1 Æ 30 Deg., 6 Æ 180 Deg, 11 Æ 330 Deg. .6ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟـ ) : (K-Factorوھﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣراﻋﺎة اﻟﻣﺣول ﻟﻸﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺧطﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺗواﻓﻘﯾﺎت )(Harmonics واﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺗﺳﺑب ﻓﻰ رﻓﻊ درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟﻣﺣول وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺧﻔض ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣول. اﻟــ K-Factorھﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻘﯿﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎرات اﻟﺪواﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮدد 60ھﺮﺗﺰ. .7طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول :ﻛﻠﻣﺎ زادت ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﻟﻠﻣﺣول ﻓﺗزداد ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣول وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾزداد اﻟﻌﻣر اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ ﻟﮫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣن أھم اﺳﺑﺎب ﻓﻘد اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ھﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة .وﯾﺷﺎر ﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﻟوج اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ أﺣرف ﻓﺎﻻول واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ ﯾﺷﯾر اﻟﻰ ﻧوع وﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد داﺧل اﻟﻣﺣول واﻟﺣرف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث واﻟراﺑﻊ ﯾﺷﯾران اﻟﻰ ﻧوع وطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻣﺣول ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﻋﻧدى ﻣﺣول ﻣن اﻟﻧوع ONANﻓﮭذا ﯾﻌﻧﻰ أن ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﻣن داﺧل اﻟﻣﺣول ھو اﻟزﯾت وﯾﺳرﯾﺎﻧﮫ ﯾﺗم ﺑﺷﻛل طﺑﯾﻌﻰ " Oil "Naturalأﻣﺎ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول ﻣن اﻟﺧﺎرج ﻓﯾﺗم ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﮭواء وﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﮭواء ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﺗم ﺑﺷﻛل طﺑﯾﻌﻰ " Air "Natural ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺗﺑﯾرﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت ”OÆ Oil, AÆ Air, GÆ Gas, WÆ Water : “Fluid Type طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﻣﺎﺋﻊ "N Æ Natural , FÆ Forced : "Way of flow of fluid واﻟــ Forcedﺗﺣﺗﺎج اﻟﻰ اﻧﺎﺑﯾب ﻟﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﻣﺎﺋﻊ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 5 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura - واﻟزﯾت اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﯾﺳﺗﺧرج ﻣن اﻟﺑﺗرول وﯾﺿﺎف اﻟﺑﮫ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﺳدة وﯾﺧﺿﻊ ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻣﺛل درﺟﺔ اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ وﻗوة اﻟﻌزل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ وزﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌدﻻت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء. اﻟزﯾت ﻟﮫ وظﯾﻔﺗﺎن وھﻣﺎ ﻋزل اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ واﻟﺛﺎﻧوى واﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟدواﻧﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد. .8ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺻوت :ﻻﺑد أن ﯾﻛون ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺻوت اﻟﻣﺣول ﻻ ﯾزﯾد ﻋن 65dBﻋﻠﻣﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺻوت اﻻﻧﺳﺎن ﯾﺗراوح ﻣن 40dBاﻟﻰ .50dB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 6 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ AutoCAD : Draw Tool Bar ﻟرﺳم ﺧط Æ L + Enter Line ﻟرﺳم ﺧط ﻣﺗﺻل Æ PL + Enter Polyline ﻟرﺳم ﻣﺳﺗطﯾل وﺗﺣدﯾد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﺛم ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ Æ Rec + Enter Rectangular ﻟرﺳم ﻗوس وﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء ﺛم ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ Æ A + Enter Arc ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣرﻛز ﺛم ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ رﻗم ﻧﺻف ﻗطر اﻟداﺋرة ﺛن اﻧﺗر Æ C + Enter Circle ﻟﻌﻣل ﺑﻠوك Æ B + Enter Make Block Æ I + Enter Insert Block Æ P + Enter Point ﻟﻌﻣل ﺗﮭﺷﯾر ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ H + Enter Hatch ﻻدراج ﻧص ÆT + Enter Multiline Text ﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻠوك ﻣوﺟود ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻟرﺳم ﻧﻘط ة ”Autocad “Modify Tool Bar ﻟﻌﻣل ازاﻟﺔ ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ E + Enter Erase ﻟﻌﻣل ﻧﺳﺦ ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ Co + Enter Copy ﻟﻌﻣل ﻣرأة ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻣن أى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ MI + Enter Mirror ﻟﻌﻣل ازاﺣﺔ ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ O + Enter Offset ﻟﻌﻣل ﻗص ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ M + Enter Move ﻟﻌﻣل دوران ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ Ro + Enter Rotate ﻟﻌﻣل ﺗﻛﺑﯾر أو ﺗﺻﻐﯾر ﻷى ﻋﻧﺻر Æ SC + Enter Scale ﻟﻌﻣل ﻗطﻊ ﻟﻠﺧطوط Æ TR + Enter Trim ﻟﻌﻣل اﻣﺗداد ﻟﻠﺧطوط Æ EX + Enter Extend ﻟﻌﻣل دﻣﺞ ﺑﯾن ﺧطﯾن ﻣﺗﺻﻠﯾن Æ J + Enter Join ﻧدﺧل ﻧﺻف اﻟﻘطر ﺛم اﻧﺗر ﺛم ﻧﺣدد اﻟﺧط اﻻول واﻟﺧط اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ Æ F + Enter Fillet ﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﻔﺟﯾر اﻟﺑﻠوﻛﺎت Æ X + Enter Explode ﻟﻧﺳﺦ اﻟﺗﻧﺳﯾﻘﺎت ﻣن ﻋﻧﺻر ﻟﻌﻧﺻر اﺧر Æ Ma + Enter Match ﻟﻌﻣل ﺗﻘﺳﯾم ﻟﻠﺧطوط Æ Div + Enter Divide ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 7 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ Lighting Design : ﻗﺑل ﺗﺻﻣﯾم أﻋﻣﺎل اﻻﻧﺎرة ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﻘﺎط .1 .2 .3 .4 أﻧواع اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت Types of lamps أﻧواع اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت Types of luminaires درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت IP of luminaires ﺗوﺻﯾف اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷروع Luminaires Description x أوﻻ :أﻧواع اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت : Types of Lamps :Incandescent Lamp .1وھﻰ اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻼووظ أو اﻟﻣﺳﻣﺎر وﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺻﻔر وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت أو اﻟطرﻗﺎت أو اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ. :Florescent Lamp .2وھﻰ ﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺑﯾض وﺗوﺟد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺧطﯾﺔ ) (Linear Florescent Lampوھﻰ اﻻﻛﺛر ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ 120ﺳم ) (36Wattوﻛذﻟك 60ﺳم ) (18Wattوﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣؤﺗﻣرات واﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات أو ﺻﺎﻻت اﻟرﺳم وﻣن اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﻠورﺳﻧت أﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف (U-Tube) Uوﻛذﻟك اﻟداﺋرﯾﺔ ) (Circularوھﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺎن ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺎن ﺑﺻورة ﻛﺑﯾرة. :Compact Florescent Lamp .3وھﻰ اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻣوﻓرة وﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة أﻋﻠﻰ واﺳﺗﮭﻼك أﻗل ﻓﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻋﻣرھﺎ اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻰ أﻗل وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت او اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ او اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 8 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura : Metal Halide Lamp .4وھﻰ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﻌطﻰ ﻟون أﺑﯾض وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ )أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر( وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻧﻊ أو اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن وﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻧﺎرة اﻟﺣداﺋق واﻟﻣﻧﺗزھﺎت. :Halogen Lamp .5وھﻰ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ واﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ أو اﻟﻣﺣﺎل اﻟﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ أو ﻣداﺧل اﻟﻔﻧﺎدق. :Sodium Vapor Lamp .6ھذه اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻧﺎرة اﻟطرق أو اﻧﺎرة اﻻﻧﻔﺎق وﺗﻌطﻰ ﻟون أﺻﻔر. :Mercury Lamp .7ﻟﻣﺑﺎت زﺋﺑﻘﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺧﺿر ﻓﻰ ازرق. (Lighting Emitting Diode) :LED .8ھذه اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت ﻣﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺟدا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدى اﻟﺑﻌﯾد ﻓﻰ ﻣوﻓرة ﺟدا ﻷن اﺳﺗﮭﻼﻛﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﻠﯾل ﺟدا ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻷن ﻋﻣرھﺎ اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺟدا ﻓﻘد ﯾﺻل اﻟﻰ 50أﻟف ﺳﺎﻋﺔ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 9 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ :أﻧواع اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت : Types of Luminaires :Surface Mounted .1ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﺳطﺣﯾﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻘف اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ. :Recessed Mounted .2ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻏﺎطﺳﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ اﻻﺳﻘف اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ أو اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ. :Suspended Mounted .3ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾزﯾد ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋن 5ﻣﺗر وﯾﺗم ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣن 3اﻟﻰ 3.5ﻣﺗر ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض. :Wall Mounted .4ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﻌﻠق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ Indoorوھﻰ اﻻﺑﺎﻟﯾك وﯾوﺟد أﯾﺿﺎ Outdoorوﻣﻧﮭﺎ 3أﻧواع Up Lightوﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﻋﻠﻰ Down Lightوﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﺳﻔل Up/Down Light وﺗﻌطﺔ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻷﺳﻔل وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ واﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ. :Floor Mounted .5ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ارﺿﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم أﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣداﺧل اﻟﻔﯾﻼت أو اﻟﺣداﺋق او اﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣف وﻛذﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ درج اﻟﺳﻼﻟم. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 10 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ :درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف :(IP = International Protection) IP of Luminaire ﯾرﻣز ﻟدرﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف )أو اى ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ او اى ﻣﻌدة( ﺑرﻗﻣﯾن IPxyﺣﯾث Xﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﺿد اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻻﺗرﺑﺔ وھﻰ ﻣن 0اﻟﻰ 6ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 0ﻓﻼ ﯾوﺟد ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ واذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 6ﻓﺗﻌﻧﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد اﻻﺗرﺑﺔ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺣرف yﻓﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﺿد اﻟﺳواﺋل ﻛﺎﻟﻣﯾﺎة وھﻰ ﻣن 0اﻟﻰ 8ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 0ﻓﻼ ﯾوﺟد ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ واذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 8ﻓﺗﻌﻧﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد اﻟﻣﯾﺎه. وﻣن أﺷﮭر اﻟـ IPاﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ : IP 20وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎب وﺷﺑﺎك IP 44 or IP43وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣداﺧل اﻟﻣﻌرﺿﺔ ﻟﻸﺗرﺑﺔ واﻟﻣﯾﺎه IP 55 or IP 54وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ او اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت او اى ﻣﻛﺎن ﺑﮫ ﻣﺻر ﻟﻠﻣﯾﺎه IP 66ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷوارع أو اﻟﺟراﺷﺎت IP 68ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﻣﺎت اﻟﺳﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣن أﺷﮭر ﺷرﻛﺎت وﻛﺗﺎﻟوﺟﺎت اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت Philips, 3-Brother, General Lighting, Hilux, Siteco, …….. : x راﺑﻌﺎ :ﺗوﺻﯾف اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷروع :Luminaires Description ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾف اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت وﻓﻰ ﺟداول اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ”IPxy, Luminaire Type, No. of Lamps * Wattage per Lamp, Type of Lamp, Similar to “Company Name Model No ….. or Approved Equal. Ex: IP 20, Recessed Mounted, 4*18 Watt, Linear Florescent Lamp, Similar to 3-B Model No 1742-FL or Approved Equal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 11 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻻﻧﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻتLighting Design : اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻻﻧﺎرة ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة ﺣﺳب طﺑﯾﻌﺔ وﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ أﺟﮭزة اﻻﻧﺎرة .اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﺣﺳب ﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻛﺎن وﻛذﻟك أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻣﻛﺎن )طول وﻋرض وارﺗﻔﺎع( وأﯾﺿﺎ أﻟوان اﻟﺣواﺋط واﻟﺳﻘف Qt = ( E*A) / (U.F * M.F) Qt >> Total Luminous in Lumen (Lm) وھﻰ اﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن وﯾﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﻣن E >> Degree of Illumination in Lux وھﻰ ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﻛس A >> Area of Room in m2 = L * W وﺗﺳﺎوى اﻟطول * اﻟﻌرض2 وھﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺎل م U.F >> Utilization Factor ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن اﻟﻛﺷﺎف وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻧﻌﻛﺎس اﻟﺿوء ﻣن اﻟﺳﻘف واﻟﺣواﺋط M.F >> Maintenance Factor ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧظﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ (Indoor M.F = 0.8, Outdoor M.F = 0.4 : 0.6) U.F * M.F = 0.45 ﻣﻣﻛن أن ﻧﻌﺗﺑر أن x E According to the IEC or Code: Office >>>>>>>> 300 Lux Kitchen >>>>>>> 300 Lux Storage >>> >>> 200 Lux Lockers >>>>>> >200 Lux Corridors >>>>> 150 Lux Bathroom >>>>> 100 Lux Cafeteria >>>>>> 300 Lux Garage >>>>>>> 200 Lux Drawing Halls >> 500 Lux Qt = ( E*A) / (U.F * M.F) No. of Lamps = Qt / Q of Lamp No. of Luminaires = No. of Lamps / No. of Lamps inside one Luminaire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 12 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura Q of Lampوھﻰ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ اﻟﺻﺎدر ﻣن اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺔ وﺗﺧﺗﻠف ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼف اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ. Q of Lamp according to Philips: 18 Watt >>>> 1350 Lm 26 Watt >>>> 1800 Lm 36 Watt >>>> 3350 Lm 70 Watt >>>> 5000 Lm x أﺷﮭر اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ: ﻛﺷﺎف ) (4*18W, IP20وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب واﻟﻛﺎﻓﯾﺗرﯾﺎ واﻟﺑوﻓﯾﮫ وﺻﺎﻻت اﻟرﺳم ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*26W, IP54وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت وﻛذﻟك ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*15W, IP54ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط أﻣﺎم اﻻﺣواض ﻛﺷﺎف ) (2*36W, IP20 or IP54) OR (2*26, IP20 or IP54وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات أو اﻟﻣداﺧل ﻛﺷﺎف ) (4*18W, IP43) OR (2*26, IP54وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ ﻛﺷﺎف ) (2*36W, IP20) OR (1*36W, IP20وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻏرف ﺧﻠﻊ اﻟﻣﻼﺑس )(Lockers ﻛﺷﺎف ) (2*36W, IP67وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟراﺷﺎت ﻛﺷﺎف ) (2*36W, IP20وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن أو ) (2*36W, IP54ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾوﺟد ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺻﺎر ﻣﯾﺎه Cold Storage ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*18W, IP54ﻟﻠﺳﻼﻟم ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻛﺷﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺑﺳطﺔ ﺑدون أى ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت xاﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻰ ﻋن طرﯾق ):(Space / Height Ratio ﺑﻌد ﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻻﺑد ﻣن اﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻰ ﻋن طرﯾق Space / Height Ratio ﺣﯾث أن Spaceھﻰ Lnوھﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول أو Wnوھﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض واﻟـ Heightھو ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺳﻘف ﻋن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ﺣﯾث أن ھذه اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻻ ﺑد أن ﺗﻛون ﺑﯾن 0.75 : 1 Wn/H = 0.75 : 1 and Ln/H = 0.75 : 1 ﺑﺣﯾث ان اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺗﯾن أو اﺣداھﻣﺎ ﺗراوح ﻗﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻣن 0.75 : 1واﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻻﺧرى ﻻﺑد أن ﺗﻛون أﻗل ﻣن 0.75وﻟﯾس أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن .1 - اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول = Lnاﻟطول /ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول = L / NL اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض = Wnاﻟﻌرض /ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض = L / WL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 13 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura : ﻣﺛﺎل ﺗوﺿﯾﺣﻰ ﻣﺗر7 * 10 ﻣطﻠوب ﻋﻣل ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻹﻧﺎرة ﺻﺎﻟﺔ رﺳم ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎد 1350 Lm واﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﺷرﻛﺔ ﻓﯾﻠﯾﺑس1*18W وﺳﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت500 Lux ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺻﺎﻟﺔ Qt = E * A / ( U.F * M.F ) = ( 500 * 10 * 7 ) / 0.45 = 77777.8 Lm No. Of Lamps = Qt / Q of Lamp = 77777.8 / 1350 = 57.6 Lamps No. of Luminaires = No. of Lamps / No. of Lamps inside one Luminaire = 57.6/4 =14.4= 15 Luminaires ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض3 ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول و5 ﺑﺣﯾث ﺳﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭم4*18W ﻛﺷﺎف15 وﻟذﻟك ﺳﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻋدد Ln = 10 / 5 = 2 m , Ln / H = 2 / 3 = 0.667 < 0.75 Wn = 7 / 3 = 2.3 , Wn / H = 2.3 / 3 = 0.77 Within 0.75 : 1 So the Design is Accepted. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 14 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura Dialux ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻻﻧﺎرة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞLighting Design : اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 15 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 16 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 17 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura :Switches ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻻﻧﺎرةLighting Design : اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ :أﻧواع اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻧﺎرة One Gang, One Way Switch .1 One Gang, One Way Switch Water Proof .2 Double Gang, One Way Switch .3 Double Gang, One Way Switch Water Proof .4 Triple Gang, One Way Switch .5 One Gang, Two Way Switch .6 Single Gang, Two Way Switch Water Proof .7 Double Gang, Two Way Switch .8 Intermediate Switch .9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 18 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x x x x x x x x x x x ﻟوﺻف اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟـ ) Gangاﻟﻠﻘﻣﺔ( ﻓردى أم ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻰ أم ﺛﻼﺛﻰ وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻋدد اﻟﺳﻛﺔ ) (Wayھل ھﻰ ﺳﻛﺔ واﺣد أم ﺳﻛﺗﯾن وﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺎن وﻋدد اﻟﻣداﺧل واﻟﻣﺧﺎرج. ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ ﻏﺎطﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط Flush or Embeddedأو ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳطﺢ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط Surfaceﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ .Partitions )Switch Height = 120 Cm A.F.F.L (Above Finished Floor Level ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌد ﻣن 20 : 10ﺳم ﻣن اﻟﺑﺎب ) 15ﺳم ﻣﺛﻼ(. ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ Water Proofﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﺻﺎدر ﻟﻠﻣﯾﺎه ﻛﺎﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ أو اى ﻣﻛﺎن اﺧر. أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﻠﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻻﺣﺎدى 1200VAوﺣﯾث أن S = V * Iﻓﺈن I(Load) = 1200/220 = 5.4A I(Switch) = 10Aﺣﯾث أن )I(Switch) > I(Load P = V * I * Cos θ = S * P.F where P.F = 0.9 in Lighting and “S” is the Apparent Power and S = V * I اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺧرج اﻟواﺣد )اﻟﻛﺷﺎف اﻟواﺣد( أﻗل ﻣن أو ﺗﺳﺎوى 100VAﻓﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎرھﺎ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺎوى 100VAأﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت أﻛﺛر ﻣن 100VAﻓﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﻧﻔس اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺧرج ﺑﮫ ﻛﺷﺎف 4*18Wﻓﺎﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟوات = 72وات وﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ) 80VA = 0.72/0.9 = (Sواﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 100VAوﻟذﻟك ﻓﺈن أﻛﺛر ﻋدد ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻣن ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح واﺣد ھﻰ 12ﻛﺷﺎف. )Max. No. Of Luminaire = Max. Load / Load Of Outlet = 1200 / (P/0.9 ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح 2-Wayﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻣدﺧل وﻣﺧرج وﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻘط أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻣدﺧل وﻣﺧرج ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿر ﻓﻘط. ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح 2-Wayﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻠم ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺳﻠم ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح Single Gange, Two Wayﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻻرﺿﻰ وﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻻﺧﯾر وﻓﻰ ﻛل دور ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ .Intermediate Switch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 19 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ Lighting Circuits Design :ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ دواﺋﺮ اﻻﺿﺎءة: x x x x x x x x x أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻓﻰ داﺋرة اﻻﺿﺎءة )اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ( ھﻰ 1200VA أى ﻣﺧرج )ﻛﺷﺎف( ﻗدرﺗﮫ أﻗل ﻣن 100VAﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺎوى 100VAأﻣﺎ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت أﻛﺑر ﻣن 100VAﻓﯾﺗم أﺧذ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ھﻰ. P = V*I*P.F >>>>> P.F in Lighting = 0.9 >>>>>> S in VA = V*I = P in Watt / 0.9 ﯾﺗم ﻓرد 3أﺳﻼك ﻓﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻻﺿﺎءة اﻟواﺣدة ﺳﻠك ﺑﮫ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ) (Lineوﺳﻠك ﺗﻌﺎدل ) (Neutralوﺳﻠك أرﺿﻰ ) (Earthاذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻓﯾﮫ ﻧظﺎم أرﺿﻰ. Line >>>> Red or Yellow or Blue - Neutral >>>>>> Black - Earth >>>>> Green/Yellow اﻟوﺻف 3*2.5 mm2 CU/PVC in 20mm Diameter UPVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall : اﻟـ ) (Conductorھو اﻟﻣوﺻل أو اﻟﺳﻠك أﻣﺎ اﻟــ ) (Conduitﻓﮭو اﻟﻣﺎﺳورة اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﻓرد اﻻﺳﻼك ﺑداﺧﻠﮭﺎ واﻟﻣوﺻل أﻣﺎ ) (CU/PVC or CU/XLPEﺑﺣﯾث PVCﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ درﺣﺎت ﻟﺣرارة ﺣﺗﻰ 70درﺟﺔ وھﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻰ ﻛل اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ أﻣﺎ XLPEﻓﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ 120درﺟﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﻣﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺻﮭر اﻟزﺟﺎج أو ﻣﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺣﯾد واﻟﺻﻠب. اﻟﻣﺎﺳورة ) (Conduitاﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻛون ) (UPVC or RGSﺣﯾث اﻟــ UPVCﻣواﺳﯾر ﺑﯾﺿﺎء ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻘف أو اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ) (Embedded in ceiling or Wallأﻣﺎ اﻟـ RGSﻣواﺳﯾر اﻟﺻﻠب اﻟﻣﺟﻠﻔن وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ظﺎھرة ) (Exposedﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ Steelﻣﺛﻼ. x PVC >>>> Polyvinyl Chloride x UPVC >>>> Uni Polyvinyl Chloride x XLPE >>>> Cross Linked Polyethylene x RGS >>>> Rigid Galvanized Steel x CU >>>> Copper أﻧواع اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : (Branch Circuit Panel Board) :BCP .1وھﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎت أو اﻟدواﺋر اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ ﺳواء اﺿﺎءة أو ﻗوى وھﻰ ﺗﺧدم ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ) (Zoneﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﮭﺎ ﺣواﻟﻰ 500ﻣﺗر .2 (Sub-Feeder Distribution Panel Board) :SFD .2وھﻰ ﻟوﺣﺎت وﺳطﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻻدوار اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أن اﻟدور ﯾﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻟوﺣﺗﯾن ﻓرﻋﯾﺗﯾن. (Main Distribution Panel Board) :MDP .3وھﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ. x :Riserوھو اﻟﺻﺎﻋد اﻟذى ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗوﺻﯾل ﺑﯾن اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻻدوار اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ. x x x ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت واﻟﻣﺧراج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف Uوﻻ ﯾﻔﺿل ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف .T ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﺧﺎرج ﺑﺣﯾث ﻣﺟﻣوع أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﺧﺎرج ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟواﺣدة ﻻ ﺗﺗﻌدى .1200VA ﻻ ﯾﺻﺢ ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟزء ﻣن ﻏرﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻏرﻓﺔ أﺧرى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻣﻣﻛن ان ﺗوﺻل اﻟﻐرﻓﺗﯾن ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺗﯾن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ. ﯾراﻋﻰ ﺗﻘﺻﯾر اﻻطوال ﻗدر اﻟﻣﺳﺗطﺎع. ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﺿﺎءة ﻓﻰ ﺷﯾت اﻛﺳل. x x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 20 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura : ﺳﻮﻛﺘﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔPower Sockets : اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ x Types of Sockets: - Normal Socket : V = 220V, I = 10, S = 250VA According to EC Standard and 180VA According to IEC Standard , Where EC is European Commission and IEC is International Electro technical Commission and in the projects consider it = 250VA according to EC. - Normal Socket Water Proof: Same as Normal Socket but with Cover IP 54 and used in Kitchen, Outdoor, Bathrooms, ……….. . - Doublex Socket: V = 220V, I = 10 or 16A, S = 500VA According to EC and 360VA According to IEC. - Power Socket: V = 220V, I = 16A or 20A where S = 500VA: 15000VA or 2000VA, and I = 32A where S = 2000VA : 5000VA. (Used in Kitchen, Bathroom in Hand Drier, ………….) x Mounting Types: 1. Wall Mounted, Height = 30 cm or (120cm in Water Area only). 2. Floor Mounted, Height = Zero in Wide area and IP67. 3. Furniture Mounted , on the work plan IP 65. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 21 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑﺎور : x ﻣن اﻻﻓﺿل أن ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻔرش ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد أﻣﺎﻛن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺟﮭزة ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرى. x اذا ﻟم ﺗﺗواﻓر ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻔرش اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرى أو اﻟدﯾﻛورى ﯾﺗم ﻓرض أﻣﺎﻛن اﻻﺟﮭزة ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻧﺎﺳب وﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻻﻣﺎﻛن. x ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ N.Sﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺣﺎﺋط ﺑﺣﯾث ﻛل ﻏرﻓﺔ ﯾﻛون ﺑﮭﺎ 4ﻣﺧﺎرج ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت. x ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ D.Sﺑﺟﺎﻧب ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر أو ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﻠﯾﻔزﯾون ورﯾﺳﯾﻔر. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﻟﮭﺎ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺑﯾر ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗودﻋﺎت أو اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن أو ﻏرف اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء أو ﻏرف اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻛﺗب ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.Sﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب وأﺧرى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻟﻠﺑﺎب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻌﻛﺳﯾﺔ أﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﻣﻛﺗب ﻓﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﺳوﻛت D.Sﺑﺟوار اﻟﺑﺎب أو ﺑﺟوار اﻟﻣﻛﺗب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﻣﻛﺎﻧﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ. x ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت اﻟطوﯾﻠﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.Sﻛل 6ﻣﺗر وھﻰ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﺧدﻣﺔ. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺑﺎور ﺳوﻛت P.Sﻟﻣﺟﻔف اﻟﯾد ) (Hand Drierﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟوﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proof ﻓﻰ ﻣدﺧل اﻟﺣﻣﺎم ) (Lobbyﻟﻠﺧدﻣﺔ. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proofﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺣوض. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣطﺑﺦ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻋدد 2ﺑﺎور ﺳوﻛت P.Sﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proofﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺣﺎﺋط أو ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﻔرش اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﻋدد أﺟﮭزة ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻛﺛﯾرة. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب اذا ﻟم ﯾوﺟد ﻓرش ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن ﻋرض اﻟﻣﻛﺗب ﺣواﻟﻰ 2ﻣﺗر وﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﺛم ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت D.Sﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب. x ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺎﻓﯾﺗرﯾﺎت ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﻋﻣودﯾن ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻛون ﺳوﻛت N.Sواﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ D.Sﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ وﺿﻊ D.Sﻋﻧد ﻛل ﺗﻠﯾﻔزﯾون. اﻟدرس اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻰ :ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﺎد ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 22 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة :Power Electrical Water Heater Air Conditioner (AC) or Equipment )Exhaust Fan (EX.F x x x .1اﻟﺳﺧﺎن اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ : Electrical Water Heater ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Double Pole Switchﻟﻠﺳﺧﺎن اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ وﺗﯾﺎره ) (Rating Currentﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﺣﻣل ﻟﻛل ﺳﺧﺎن ﺣﯾث ﯾﻘوم ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺑﺣﺳﺎب أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺳﺧﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﻋدد اﻻﺣواض واﻟﺷﺎورات اﻟﻣوﺟودة أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﺧر ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺑﺎﻋطﺎﺋﻰ ھذه اﻻﺣﻣﺎل أو ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺣﻣل اﻟﺳﺧﺎن ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ : ﻋدد 2 : 1ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 2000VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 16A ﻋدد 4 : 3ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 2500VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 20A ﻋدد 6 : 5ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 3000VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 25A -ﻋدد 9 : 7ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 3500VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 32A .2ﻣراوح اﻟﺷﻔط :Exhaust Fan ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻋﺎدى ﻣﺛل اﻻﻧﺎرة ) (S = 250VA , I = 10Aﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺷﻔﺎط ﻋﺎدى ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ أو اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺷﻔط ﻣرﻛزﯾﺔ وﯾﻘوم ﯾﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Switch Fuseوﺗﺣدﯾد ﺗﯾﺎره ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﻋن طرﯾق ) (C.F.Mوھﻰ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﮭواء اﻟداﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن ) (Cubic Per Feet Per Meterوﻟﻛن ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﯾﻌطﯾﻧﺎ اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﺑﺎﻟوات اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـ ).(C.F.M Switch Fuse (or Disconnect Switch) has 2 type the 1st is Single Phase Switch fuse and the 2nd is 3-Phase Switch Fuse P = V*I * P.F in case of Single Phase and V = 220V P = √3 * V * I * P.S in Case of 3-Phase and V = 380V - وﻣﻌﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺣﻣل أو اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯩﺔ ) (Sوﻧوع اﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ) (Single or 3 Phaseﻣن ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Rating Currentواﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻗرب واﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ) (Standardاﻻﻗرب ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺣﯾث اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ھﻰ 16A, 20A, 25A, 32A, 40A, 50A, 63A, 80A, 100A, …etc ﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ووﺟدﻧﺎ أن ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺣﻣل = 22Aﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح Switch Fuseﺑﺗﯾﺎر 25A ﻣﺛﺎل :ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺷﻔط ھواء ﺑﻘدرة ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ 9600 C.F.Mﺣﯾث P = 12KW, 3-Phase P = √3 * S * P.F Where S = √3 * V * I = P / P.F = 12 / 0.8 = 15KVA I (Load) = S / (√3*V) = 15*1000 / (√3 * 380) = 22.8 A , So Rating Current for the 3-Phase Switch Fuse is 25A. - ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ أو اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺷﻔﺎط ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎم أو اﻟﻣطﺑﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧور أو اﻟﺷﺎرع. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 23 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura .3اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف أو أى ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ أﺧرى )(A.C or Equipment ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Switch Fuseأﺣﺎدى أو ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻟطور ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﺣﻣل وﻧوع اﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺣددھﺎ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻣوﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺷﻔﺎطﺎت. ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺻﺎن ) (HPوﺗﺳﺎوى ) (1HP = 746Wattأﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﺑﺎﻟـ ) (RT or BTU/hrﺣﯾث ) (RT is Refrigeration Ton and BTU is British Thermal Unitوأﯾﺿﺎ )(1Ton = 12000BTU/hr , 1.5Ton = 18000BTU/hr, 2Ton = 24000BTU/hr, .... ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة أو اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﻧدس ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ :ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ ) (HPﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ Power in KW = Area of Room * 1.7 / 20 = ?? KW Power in HP = KW * 1000 / 746 = ?? HP ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ﻟو ھﻧﺎك ﻏرﻓﺔ 5ﻣﺗر * 4ﻣﺗر ﻓﻛم ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ؟؟ Power = 4 * 5 * 1.7 / 20 = 1.275 KW )HP = 1.7*1000 / 746 = 2.2 HP , So we will Use A.C with 2.25HP (Standard أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﻋن طرﯾق ﺿرب اﻟطول * اﻟﻌرض * اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﺛم ﻧﺿرب اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻓﻰ 250اﻟﻰ 300ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺣﺎرة ﺟدا أو اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺗﻰ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻛون ﺑﮭﺎ واﺟﮭﺎت زﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ ﻓﻧﺿرﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ 300وﯾﻛون اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺑـ BTU/hr ﻣﺛﺎل :ﻏرﻓﺔ أﺑﻌﺎدھﺎ طول = 7ﻣﺗر وﻋرض 4ﻣﺗر وارﺗﻔﺎع طﺑﻌﺎ 3ﻣﺗر وﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺣﺎرة ﺟدا BTU/hr = 7*4*3*300 = 2500 BTU/hr, So we must select A.C with 24000 BTU/hr. )Standard BTU in KSA (12000, 18000, 24000, 36000, 42000, 48000, 60000 Standard Ton in KSA ( 1 , 1.5 , 2 ,3 , 3.5 , 4 ,5 ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 24 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura :Power Circuits اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺤﺎدﯾﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ x Max. Load “S” in power circuit (Linea) is 2000VA. x According to EC standard the load of N.S = 250VA so the max. No of N.S in one line is 8, and the load of D.S = 500VA so the max. No. of D.S in one line is 4. x Wiring: 3*4 mm2 CU/PVC in 25 mm Diameter UPVC Conduit Embedded in Wall or Floor. x For water heater we use Double Pole Switch, for Air conditioner, Exhaust Fan and any equipment we use Switch Fuse or Disconnect Switch. .2000VA ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾراﻋﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟواﺣدة وھوD.S ﻣﻊN.S ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟـ x .ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﯾﻔﺿل ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﻣﻣرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎت ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ وﻋدم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرف أو ﻗﺎﻋﺎت x . ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻛل ﺳﺧﺎن وﻛل ﺗﻛﯾﯾف أو ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺗﻛﯾﯾف وﻛل ﻣﻌدةPower Socket “P.S” ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛل x . ﻓﮭو رﻗم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔG ھو رﻗم اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ أﻣﺎP1 ﺑﺣﯾثP1/G ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻛل ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ x ( ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﺛﻼث أﺳﻼك ﺑﺛﻼث أطراف ﺑﺄرﻗﺎم ﻓردﯾﺔ أو ﺛﻼث أطراف ﺑﺄرﻗﺎم زوﺟﯾﺔ3-Ph) ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت اﻟـ x .P1,3,5/G or P2,4,6/G . ﻓﻰ ﺷﯾت أﻛﺳﯾلPower ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟـ x ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﺎد وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻛل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺷﯾت اﻛﺳل: اﻟدرس اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻰ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 25 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura :“Circuit Breakers” اﻟﻘﻮاطﻊ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﯿﺔ:اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ x Wiring Diagram: ."Automatic Switch" C.B ﻋن طرﯾق ﻗواطﻊOutput وInput اﻟﺑﺎس ﺑﺎر ھﻰ ﺑﺎرة ﻧﺣﺎس ﻟﮭﺎ:"Bus Bar" B.B ."C.B" " ھﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم واﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘواطﻊPanel" أول ﺧطوة ﻓﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ "Power" " ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺑﺎرة اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﺔ وﻟﻛن أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻘوىLighting" ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻣوﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺻورة ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﺿﺎءة " ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣنEarthing Leakage Circuit Breaker" ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎرو ﻓرﻋﯾﺔ ﺛم اﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﺎرة اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻗﺎطﻊ .ﺗﺳرﯾب اﻻرﺿﻰ اﻟراﺟﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻧﻘطﺎع ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺻدر x x x :Circuit Breaker ¾ ﻗواطﻊ اﻟدواﺋر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ اﻻوﺗوﻣﺎﺗﯾﻛﯾﺔ x Operating Voltage of Circuit Breaker: 1. Low Voltage (1V : 1KV) : 1-Ф 220V for S <= 5KVA and 3- Ф 380V for S > 5KVA. MCB >> Miniature C.B, MCCB >> Molded Case C.B, ACB >> Air Circuit Breaker. 2. Medium Voltage (1KV : 66KV) : 11KV, 22KV, 33KV and 66KV. SF6 and Vacuum. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 26 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 3. High Voltage (66KV : 500KV) : 132KV, 220KV and 500KV. Oil and SF6. IC.B = Safety Factor * I Load Safety Factor Equal: According to E.C = 25% Over Load, According to IEC = 25% Over Load and According to NEC = 10% Over Load. C.B Standard: 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, ……….. Ex: I Load = 18A >>> IC.B = 1.25*18= 22.5 A So we select IC.B = 25A. Also Don’t Forget : P = V*I*P.F for 1-Ф and V = 220V and P = √3 * V*I*P.F for 3-θ and V = 380 x Types of Low Voltage C.B: 1. Miniature C.B (10 : 125A) : We Use it If the C.B is Outgoing 2. Moulded Case C.B (16 : 1600A): We Use it If the C.B is Incoming ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 27 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 3. Air C.B (630 : 6300A): We use it after the transformer except only one case if the location of transformer contains dust such as outdoor and factories we must use MCCB. x Types of Poles of C.B: 1. Single Phase Single Pole C.B Line is protected and Neutral is Non-Protected. Double Pole C.B 2. Single Phase Single Line and Neutral are protected, but high cost. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 28 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 3. Three Phase Three Pole C.B 4. Three Phase Four Pole C.B ¾ Earth Leakage C.B: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 29 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x Types of Earth Leakage: 1. RCCB : Residual Current C.B (10 : 63A) 2. RCB : Residual Current Device ( >= 80A) - For Lighting Circuits Max. Load “S” = 1200VA , P = V * I * P.F and S = V*I ILoad = S / V = 1200 / 220 = 5.54A IC.B = 1.25*5.54 = 6.8A So we select IC.B = 10A for Lighting Circuits. - For Power Circuits in Case of Max. Load “S” = 2000VA , P = V * I * P.F and S = V*I ILoad = S / V = 2000 / 220 = 9.09A IC.B = 1.25*9.09 = 11.36A So we select IC.B = 16A for Power Circuits and Max. Load = 2000VA. But if the load of power > 2000VA we calculate the rating current of C.B by the same method EX: S = 3500VA Single Phase Load. S = V*I >>> ILoad = 3500/220 = 15.9A >>> IC.B = 1.25*15.9 = 19.88A So we select IC.B = 20A. EX: S = 12KVA Three Phase Load. P = √3 * V * I * P.F and S = √3 * V * I ILoad = S / (√3 * 380) = 12 * 1.52 = 18.24 A , and IC.B = 18.24*1.25 = 22.8A So we Select IC.B = 25A. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 30 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura : ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاطﻊ:اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ Demand Factor or Diversity Factor ﺑﻌد ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب ھو ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﺣﺗﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ وﻗت واﺣد: ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب Load >> Demand Factor Lighting >> 0.9 Power “N.S & EX.F >> 0.4 A.C >> 1 W.H >> 1 Equipment and P.S >> 1 Demand Load = D.F * Total Connected Load Or we can consider the Demand Factor equal: 0.7 for Residential 0.7 For Commercial 0.75 For Hotel 0.7 For Mall 0.7 For Restaurant 0.7 For Office 0.8 For School 0.75 For Public Facility 0.8 For Indoor Parking 0.9 For Outdoor Parching 0.8 For Hospital 0.7 For Workshop 0.75 For Ware House 0.7 For Fuel Station 0.9 For Factories Spare ( ﻣن اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯾﺔ اﺣﺗﯾﺎطﻰ%25) ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد Spare for Lighting, Spare for 1-Ф Power Circuits, and Spare for 3-Ф Power Circuits ﺑﻌد ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘواطﻊ واﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘواطﻊ ﻟﻛل داﺋرة ﻓرﻋﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻟﻛل ﻣن دواﺋر اﻻﺿﺎءة ودواﺋر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ .وﺿرﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب 90% : ﻣنBalancing ﻋﻧد ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺛﻼث ﻓﺎزات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻻﺑد ﻣراﻋﺎة ﻋﻣل ﺗوازن ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗﺑدﯾل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﺳواء ﺣﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎزة ﺑدل ﻣن ﺣﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎزة أﺧرى أو ﺗﺑدﯾل ﺣﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ أى ﻓﺎزة ﺑدﻻ ﻣن100% Spare اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻻﺣﺗﯾﺎطﻰ x x x x x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 31 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ اﺳﺗﻼم اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ : .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .10 .11 .12 ﯾﺗم طﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﺷﯾت اﻷﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ )(Panel Schedule ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋدد اﻟﻘواطﻊ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أن ﻧوع اﻟﻘواطﻊ ﺟﯾد وﻣن ﺷرﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﺗﻣدة وﻣﻌروﻓﺔ ﻣﺛل ABBو ﺷﻧﺎﯾدر ﻣﺛﻼ اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘواطﻊ )(Rating Current For C.B اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋدد اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت اﻻﺣﺗﯾﺎطﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ واﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻣل On / Offﺑﺷﻛل ﺟﯾد ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺳوﺳﺗﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ اﻟﻘواطﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻧدوق Short Circuitﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺳﻣك اﻟﺻﺎج اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﺣﺔ وﻣن اﻟﻣﻔﺗرض أن ﻻ ﯾﻘل ﻋن 2.5ﻣم وﻟﻛن ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﻧﺗﺟﺎوز وﯾﺗم اﻻﺳﺗﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ 1.5ﻣم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن وﺟود ﺟواﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣداﺧل وﻣﺧﺎرج اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻣن أﺳﻔل ﺣﯾث أﻧﮫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﺟواﻧﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ أو ﯾﻘوم اﻟﻣﻘﺎول ﺑﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺗﮫ وﻻ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﻼم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﺑدون ﺗرﻛﯾب ھذه اﻟﺟواﻧﺎت ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻣﻧﻊ ﺗﺳرﯾب اى ﻣﺎء او اﺗرﺑﺔ او ﺣﯾواﻧﺎت داﺧل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ Out Doorدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ IP54وﻻ ﺑد ﻣن أن ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﺑزاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯾل ﻣن أﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻣﻧﻊ ﺗراﻛم أى أﺗرﺑﺔ أو ﻣﯾﺎه أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾم ﺗﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟداﺧل ﺗﻛون درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺗﮭﺎ IP42 اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻻﺑد أن ﺗﻛون درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺗﮭﺎ IP54ﺳواء ﻛﺎﻧت In Doorأو Out Door ﺑﻌد ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﻼﻣﮭﺎ اﺳﺗﻼم ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل وﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أن ﻛل ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﺣﯾث ﻧﺑدأ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻛل اﻟﻘواطﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ Onﺛم ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎطﻔﺎء وﻏﻠق ﻗﺎطﻊ ﻗﺎطﻊ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت ﺗم ﺗﻐذﯾﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺳﻠﯾم وﻛذﻟك ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﻛل ﻗﺎطﻊ ﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت ﺣﺳب ﻣﺎ ھو وارد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت اﻟﻣﻌﺗﻣدة Power Single Line Diagram (PSLD): x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 32 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x x x x x x x x ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣوﻟدات ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣراد ﻋدم ﻗطﻊ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧﮭﺎ وﺗﻌﺗﺑر أﺣﻣﺎل طوارئ Emergencyأﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﻓﺗﻌﺗﺑر أﺣﻣﺎل ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ Normal ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ وﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ L/EG1وﺗﻛون ﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺣﻣر ""RED ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ وﺿﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﻧﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ أو ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺳب رﻏﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﻟك ﺑﺣﯾث ﻟو ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗزﯾد ﻋن %25ﻣن اﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻻﺿﺎءة ""From 20% to 25% ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻧﺎرة اﻟطوارئ ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل أول ﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟرﻛن اﻟﻣﺟﺎور ﻟﻠﺑﺎب واﺧر ﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟرﻛن اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻟﮫ وﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻف. ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت Single N.Sﻻ ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ اﻻ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻷﺣﻣﺎل ﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻣﺎ D.Sﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻷﺟﮭزة ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﻧوك ﻣﺛﻼ أو ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب اﻻدارﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ. ﺟﻣﯾﻊ Switch Fuseاﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف واﻟﻣﻌدات واﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺎت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ اذا ﻛﺎن ذﻟك رﻏﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﻟك اﻻ اذا ﺣدد ﺑﻌض اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻟﯾس ﻛﻠﮭﺎ. ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﯾﺎت ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل ﻏرف اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت واﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﻛزة واﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ. ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟــ Demand Loadاﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ أﻗل ﻣن 400KVAﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء "اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض "L.Vدون ﺗرﻛﯾب ﻣﺣول أﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟـ D.Lأﻛﺑر ﻣن 400KVAﻓﺳﺗﺟﺑر ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻣﺎﻟك اﻟﻣﺷروع ﺑﺗرﻛﯾب ﻣﺣول ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐذﯾﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط " "M.Vﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 11KV ¾ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺣول :Load of Transformer ﻋﻧد اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺣول وﺣﺳﺎب ﺣﻣﻠﮫ ﯾﺟب ﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﮫ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾزﯾد ﻋن %80ﻣن أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﮫ ﻟذﻟك Load of TR = Demand Load of MDB * 1.25 Standard : …………, 500KVA,750KVA, 1MVA, 1.5MVA, 2MVA, …………. ¾ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣوﻟد :Load of Generator Load Of Generator = Emergency Load in VA* 1.25 ¾ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل اﻻوﺗوﻣﺎﺗﯾﻛﺔ :ATS ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻰ ﯾﻛون ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﻋﻧد اﻟوﺿﻊ) (1ﺣﯾث ﺗﻘوم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ " Normal and "Emergencyوﻟﻛن ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث Faultﯾﻘوم ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﺑﺗﻐﯾﯾر وﺿﻌﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ ) (2اﻟﻣﺗﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﻣوﻟد ﺣﯾث ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻘوم اﻟﻣوﻟد ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ ﻓﻘط. x ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر ATSﻛﺄﻧﮫ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح أو ﻗﺎطﻊ ﻟﻠﻣوﻟد " "Generatorﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣوﻟد 320KVAﯾﻛون ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﯾﺳﺎوى 608A = 1.25*1.52*320وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟـ .600A = ATS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 33 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ "Un Interrupting Power Supply" UPS ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻸﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﺟدا ﺣﯾث أن اﻟﻣوﻟد " "Generatorﯾﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﺑﻌض اﻟوﻗت ﻟﻛﻰ ﯾدﺧل اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ ﺑﺣﯾث أن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﮭذه اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب ) (Demand Factorاﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮭﺎ ﯾﺳﺎوى 1أى أن )(Demand Load = UPS Load x x ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ ﯾﻣر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﺣﻣل ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔرع " "Branch 1وأﯾﺿﺎ ﺗوﺻل اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻدر ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ ) (2ﺣﯾث ﺗﺷﺣن اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث Faultﻋطل واﻧﻘطﺎع اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﺗﻘوم اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت ﺑﺗﻔرﯾﻎ اﻟﺷﺣن ) (Dischargingﺣﯾث ﯾﻣر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﺣﻣل ﻣن اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت. ﯾﺗم ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟــ UPSﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻋدا أن اﻟــ Demand Factorﺗﺳﺎوى .1 ¾ اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت :Capacitor Bank وھذه اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺣﺳن ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدة Power Factor Correction x ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ﯾوﺟد ﻋداد واﺣد وﯾﻘوم ﺑﻘﯾﺎس KWhrوﯾﺗم ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘدرة Energy “E” = P * t ﺣﯾث أن Pھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ أو اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ " "Active Power or Consumed Powerأﻣﺎ tﻓﮭﻰ اﻟزﻣن ﺑﺎﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ. ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄت اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﯾوﺟد ﻋداد اﺧر ﻟﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ " "Reactive Powerوﺗﻘﺎس ﺑـ " "KVAhrوذﻟك ﻟوﺟود أﺣﻣﺎل ﻣواﺗﯾر وأﺣﻣﺎل اﺧرى ﺗزﯾد ﻣن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟـ ) (Qﺣﯾث ان Qھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ <<< S = P + J*Q x P.F < 1 >>>>> P.F Increase so Q Decrease and P.F Decrease so Q Increase x .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 ﺗﻘوم ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﺑﻘﯾﺎس وﺣﺳﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدرة P.Fوﻻﺑد أن ﺗﻛون ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺗراوح ﺑﯾن 0.8اﻟﻰ 0.9 ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (P.F > 0.9ﺑﺗﺣﺳﯾن ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدرة أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن 0.9ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺷرﯾﺣﺔ اﻟدﻓﻊ. ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.8 < P.F < 0.9ﺳﯾﻛون ﺳﻌر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻧﻔس اﻟﺳﻌر اﻟﻌدى. ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.6 < P.F < 0.8ﺳﺗﻘوم ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﺑﻔرض ﺿرﯾﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ""Penalty or Taxes ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.4 < P.F < 0.6ﺳﯾﺗم ﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺔ اﻟﺿرﯾﺑﺔ ""Penalty *2 ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (P.F < 0.4ﺳﯾﺗم ﻓﺻل اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺎ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ""Disconnect Electricity x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 34 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura Capacitor Bank ( ﻻ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام1 &2) ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ Capacitor Bank ( ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن اﺳﺗﺧدام5) ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ واﻟﻌﻣر اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺿرﯾﺑﺔ وأﯾﮭﻣﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﻠﻰCapacitor Bank ( ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ اﻟـ3&4) ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ . ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷروع أم ﻻCapacitor Bank أﺳﺎﺳﮭﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ھل ﺳﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام x x x :¾ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺗﺣﺳﯾن ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدرة وﺣﺳﺎب ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت (P.F = CosΘ = P / S) ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣﺛﻠث اﻟﻘدرة ﻧﺟد أن S = P + J * Q وﻛذﻟك ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺛفQ ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ C in Farad Sin Ф = Q / S Q = S * Sin Ф x x x x x x Ex: If the total demand load S = 700KVA, P.F1 = 0.6 , P.F2 = 0.95 Where P.F1 before correction and P.F2 after correction and decided by the designer. Before Correction: P.F1 = Cos Θ1 = 0.6 >>>> Θ1 = Cos-1(0.6) = 53.13 Degree Q1 = S * Sin Ф1 = 700 * Sin(53.13) = 559.9 KVAhr After Correction >>> P.F2 = 0.95 Cos Θ2 = 0.95 >>>> Θ2 = 18.199 Q2 = S * Sin Ф2 = 700 * Sin(18.199) = 218.5 KVAhr Qc = Q1 – Q2 = 341 KVAhr Where Qc is the correction of Reactive Power. Qc = V ² / Xc where V in single phase and Xc is the Reactance of Capacitance Xc = (220) ² / 341000 = 0.1419 Xc = 1/Wc = 1 / ( 2*∏*F*C) >>>>> ∏ = 3.14, F is the frequency = 50HZ, C is requested ?????? C = 1 / ( 0.1419 * 2 * 3.14 * 50 ) = 0.0224378 Farad = 224378 μF (Micro Farad) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 35 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازى ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻣﻊ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻲ ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت اﻟواﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻰ وﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت ﻓﻔﻰ اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﺳﺎﺑق ﻧﺟد أن Xc = 341KVAhrواﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 350KVAr ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗﺛﺑﯾت ﻧﺻف اﻟﺣﻣل ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ وﺟﻌل اﻟﻧﺻف اﻻﺧر ﻣﺗﻐﯾر )Xc = 150KVAhr (Fixed) + 200KVAhr (Variable واﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ 25KVAhrأو 50KVAhrواﻻﻓﺿل اﻟﻰ 25KVAhr Xc = 150 KVAhr Fixed + 8 * 25 KVAhr Variable x ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ :ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻗﺑل ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟـ P.Fاﻟﻣراد ﺗﺣﺳﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺣﺳﺎب Q1ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺎوى %25ﻣن اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﻠﻰ .Q1 = 7000 * 0.25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 36 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura :Cables اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼت:اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ھﻰ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔƍ ﺣﯾثR=ƍ*L/A اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ھﻰ اﻋﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺎدة ﻟﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ "اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﺎت" ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﯾث 2.82*10⁻⁸ = Al أﻣﺎ ﻟﻼﻟﻣوﻧﯾوم1.7*10⁻⁵ =Copper ( وھﻰ ﻟﻠﻧﺣﺎسResistivity Ohm.m) اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣوﺻل I α A و V α Insulation و R α 1/A أﯾﺿﺎR α L - : ¾ ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت Conductor ﻣوﺻلInsulation ﻋﺎزلSheath ﻋﺎزل رﺋﯾﺳﻰ- x Cable Classification: 1. Operating Voltage 2. Operating Frequency 3. Conductor Type 4. Insulation Level 5. Core Number x - Operating Voltage: Low Voltage Medium Voltage High Voltage Control Cable ( 1V : 1000V ) ( 1KV : 66KV ) ( 66KV : 500KV ) x Operating Frequency: - 50 HZ 60HZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 37 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x Conductor Type: 9 9 9 9 Aluminum (AL) Copper (CU) Conductivity of AL is 65% of CU Conductivity. AL is Lighter than CU in weight. CU is higher cost than AL All Medium Voltage cables are made from AL because of low cost and need low current. x Insulation Level: - PVC used in 70°C as normal temperature, and 150°C as Max. Temp. at short circuit. XLPE used in 90°C as normal temperature, and 250°C as Max. Temp. at short circuit. All Medium voltage cables with XLPE insulation Low voltage cables may be with PVC for low current or XLPE for high current. - Armoring (S.T.A “Steel Tape Armoured”, S.W.A “Steel Wire Armoured”) used for underground for mechanical stress. x Core Number: - Single Core. Multi Core (2Cores, 3 Cores, 4Cores) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 38 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ Conclusion: x - Wires >> VOP (450/750V): For Branch Circuits and Lighting Circuits CU / PVC CU / XLPE x a) b) c) Cables >> VOP (0.6 / 1 or 1.2KV): S.C.C.C (Single core cupper cable) CU/PVC/PVC , CU/XLPE/PVC M.C.C.C (Multi core cupper cable) CU/PVC/PVC , CU/XLPE/PVC M.C.C.C Armoured CU/PVC/STA/PVC , CU/XLPE/STA/PVC , CU/PVC/SWA/PVC , CU/XLPE/SWA/PVC ¾ Cable Design: I Cable = I C.B / Derating Factor Derating Factor according to the cable is in air or ground and we take the value of derating factor at temperature 50. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 39 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 9 Also we can consider that the derating factor for all cases equal 0.8. EX: Load is 50KVA, 3PH and 50HZ. Cable Size ???? (Cable in the ground and PVC) I Load = 50*1.52 = 76A, I C.B = 76 * 1.25 = 95A = 100A as standard I Cable = I C.B / Derating Factor , Derating factor for the ground at 50ᵒC = 0.76 I Cable = 100 / 0.76 = 131.5A - - From catalogue we can obtain the size of cable by operating voltage, Conductor and insulation type (CU or AL / PVC or XLPE), ground or free in air or in conduit, No. of cores, cable current. From Elseweedy Catalogue we can find the cable size is 50mm² ¾ Cable Description: Cables till 16 mm² 3Phase “R, S, T” = Neutral = Earth 25mm² 3Phase = Neutral, and Earth = 0.5 Phase More than 25mm² (35 : 300) Neutral = Earth = 0.5 Phase Ex: 4*1*16mm² + 1*16mm² (S.C.C.C) ²ﻣم16 ﻛﺎﺑل أرﺿﻰ+ ² ﻣم16 ( ﻛل ﻛﺎﺑل ﻓردى ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮫ3Phase, 1Neutral) ﻛﺎﺑﻼت4 وھﻰ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﻋدد - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 40 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura Ex: 4*25mm² + 1*16mm² (M.C.C.C) ²ﻣم16 ﻛﺎﺑل أرﺿﻰ+ ² ﻣم25 ( ﻛل ﻛور ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮫ3Phase, 1Neutral) ﻛور4 ﻛﺎﺑل1 وھﻰ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﻋدد x Full Description in B.O.Q or Legend : C1 >> M.C.C.C Armoured (3*50mm² + 1*25mm² + 1*25mm²) CU/PVC/SWA/PVC C2 >> S.C.C.C (4*1*10mm² + 1*10mm²) CU/PVC /PVC C3 >> M.C.C.C (4*25mm² + 1*16mm²) CU/PVC/ PVC ¾ Voltage Drop Calculation: I actual is load current L is the length of cable mv/amp/m is a factor and get from cable catalogue V.D % = V.D * 100 / 220 for single phase V.D % = V.D * 100 / 380 for three phase Accepted voltage drop is V.D % <= 5% Ex: Calculate the V.D of tow motor 50hp and 100hp. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 41 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura For motor 1 : P = 50hp S = 50*746 / 0.8 = 46.625KVA I load = 46.625*1.52 = 70.9A , I C.B = 70.9*1.25 = 88.6A = 100A I Cable = 100/0.8 = 125A >>>> 4*50mm² + 25mm² CU/PVC/PVC For motor 2: P = 100hp S = 100*746 / 0.8 = 93.25KVA I load = 93.25*1.52 = 141.74A , I C.B = 141.74 * 1.25 = 177A = 200A I Cable = 200/0.8 = 250A >>>> 4*120mm² + 70mm² CU/PVC/PVC For MDB: Total Load = 50+100 = 150hp S = 150*746 / 0.8 = 139.875KVA I load = 139.875*1.52 = 212.6A , I C.B = 250A I Cable = 250/0.8 = 312.5A >>>> 4*185mm² + 95mm² CU/PVC/PVC Voltage Drop Calculation: - From 1 to 2 (L = 30m, I actual = 212.6A, C.S.A = 185mm²) From the catalogue we get (mv/amp/m) = 0.252 V.D = 0.252*10⁻³*212.6*30 = 1.607V V.D% = 1.607*100/380 = 0.422% - - x From 2 to 3 (L = 100m, I actual = 70.9A, C.S.A = 50mm²) From the catalogue we get (mv/amp/m) = 0.732 V.D = 0.732*10⁻³*70.9*100 = 5.19V V.D% = 5.19*100/380 = 1.37% From 1 to 3 >>>> Total V.D % = 0.422 + 1.37 = 1.8% is accepted. From 2 to 4 (L = 300m, I actual = 141.74, C.S.A = 120mm²) From the catalogue we get (mv/amp/m) = 0.349 V.D = 0.349*10⁻³*141.74*300 = 14.84V V.D% = 14.84*100/380 = 3.9% From 1 to 4 >>>> Total V.D % = 0.422 + 3.9 = 4.32% is accepted. Note that if total V.D% > 5% (not accepted) we have to choice the next high cross section area. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 42 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ Short Circuit Calculation: ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﺻر وھو اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟذى ﯾﺣدث ﻋﻧده ﺗﻠف ﻟﻠﻘﺎطﻊ C.Bوﻟم ﯾﻔﺻل ﻋﻧد ﺗﺧطﻰ I C.B Standard Values of I S.C : BCP >>>> I s.c = 10KA S.F.B >>>> I s.c = 25KA M.D.B >>>> I s.c = 30 or 35 KA x x - ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ : ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺗﺗﺣﻣل ﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟﻘﺻر وﯾﻣﻛن أﺧذ ﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟﻘﺻر اﻟﻣوﺿﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻠﻰ دون ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ وﻟذﻟك ﯾؤﺧذ ﻓﻰاﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﺑوط ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﮭد V.Dاﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض أﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط ﻓﺗﺻﻣم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟﻘﺻر وﺗؤﺧذ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﻷﻧﮫ ﯾﻛون ﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ. اﻟوان اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت :اﻟﻔﺎزات أﺣﻣر واﺻﻔر وازرق ) (Red, Yellow and Blueأﻣﺎ طرف اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل ) (Neutralﻓﻠوﻧﮫ أﺳود) (Blackواﻻرﺿﻰ ﻟوﻧﮫ أﺧﺿر ﻓﻰ أﺻﻔر ﻓﻰ أﺧﺿر ).(Yellow/Green ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻊ اﻟﻛﺎﺑل = %40ﻣن ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻊ اﻟﻣﺎﺳورة A Cable = 40% A Conduitأى اﻧﮫ ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﺗرك %60ﻣناﻟﻣﺎﺳورة ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ ∏d² / 4 = 0.4 ∏*D²/4 , d is cable diameter and D is conduit diameter D² = d² / 0.4 >>>> D = d / √0.4 = 1.58 d D of conduit = 1.58 d of cable x EX: Water heater S = 3500VA and the cable 3*6 mm² find the diameter of Conduit ﻋﻧد ﺣﺳﺎب ﻗطر اﻟﻣﺎﺳورة ﻻ ﺑد اﻻﺧذ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر ﻗﯾﻣﺔ Overall Diameterﻣن اﻟﻛﺗﺎﻟوج وھﻰ ﺳﻣك اﻟﻛﺎﺑل واﻟﻌﺎزل ﻣﻌﺎ D of conduit = 1.58 * 3 * 4.7 = 22.278 mm Standard of conduit diameter: 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50mm وﻣن أﺷﮭر ﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﻣواﺳﯾر ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﺷرﻛﺔ ﺑﯾت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ ¾ Cable Tray: Standard of cable tray: Height : 50, 8, 10cm Width : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ……….., 100cm Standard distance between 2 level >= 30cm x - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 43 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x ﻋﯾوب ﺣﺎﻣل اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت: - x ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث ﻋطل ﻓﻰ اى ﻛﺎﺑل ﻣن اﻟﺻﻌب اﺧراﺟﮫ ﻣن وﺳط اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﮫ وﻧﺿﻊ ﻛﺎﺑل اﺧر ﻣﻛﺎﻧﮫ. ﻟو ﺗم اﺣﺗراق اى ﻛﺎﺑل ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﺗﻐﯾﯾر اﻟﺣﺎﻣل ﻛﻠﮫ. ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ : - ﯾﺗم ﻓرد ﺟﻣﯾﻊ دواﺋر اﻟطوارئ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻟدواﺋر اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﺑﺣﯾث اﻟدواﺋر اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟو ﺣرﻗت ﻻ ﺗؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﺑﻼت دواﺋر اﻟطوارئ. ﻻ ﯾﺗم ﻓرد ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض أو ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻣل واﺣد واذا ﻛﺎن ﻻﺑد ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﮭم ﻋن 50ﺳم. ¾ طرﯾﻘﺔ دﻓن اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت: .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 ﯾﺗم ﺣﻔر ﺧﻧدق ﻓﻰ اﻻرض ﺑﻌﻣق 80ﺳم ﻟﻠﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض و 120ﺳم ﻟﻠﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط وﻋرض اﻟﺧﻧدق 40ﺳم. ﺗوﺿﻊ طﺑﻘﺔ ﻣن اﻟرﻣل اﻟﻧﺎﻋم ﺑﺳﻣك 10ﺳم ﺛم ﯾدك وﻧﺿﻐط ﻋﻠﯾﮫ. ﯾوﺿﻊ اﻟﻛﺎﺑل ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﺧﻧدق. ﺛم ﯾوﺿﻊ طﺑﻘﺔ رﻣل ﻧﺎﻋم ﻣرة اﺧرة ﺑﺳﻣك 10او 15ﺳم. ﯾوﺿﻊ طوب ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﻰ أﺑﻌﺎدھﺎ 20*20*4ﺳم. ﯾﺗم ردم اﻟﺣﻔرة ﺑﺎﻟرﻣل اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧرج ﻣن اﻟﺣﻔر ﺑﻌد ﺗﻧظﯾﻔﮫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻋﻣق 20ﺳم ﻣن ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺣﻔر. وﺿﻊ ﺷرﯾط ﺗﺣذﯾرى ﺑﺎﻟﻠون اﻟﺑرﺗﻘﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺗوب ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻛﺎﺑﻼت ﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. اﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎل ردم ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺣﻔرة. اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻛﺎﺑل ﻏﯾر ﻣﺳﻠﺢ او ﻣﻌرض ﻻوزان ﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ داﺧل ﻣﺎﺳورة ﻗﺑل اﻟدﻓن ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓرد ﻛﺎﺑﻠﯾن ﻓﻰ ﺣﻔرة واﺣدة ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺣﻔرة 60ﺳم ووﺿﻌﮭم ﺑﺣﯾث اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻠﯾن ﺗﻛون 40ﺳم -ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﻋرض اﻟﺣﻔرة 20ﺳم ﻟﻛل ﻛﺎﺑل زﯾﺎدة. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 44 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ :اﻻرﺿﻰ :Earthing - اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ھو ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟﻣﻐذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﻧﻰ أو اﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻻرض وﯾﺗم ﺑﻐرض اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺣﺳﯾن اداء اﻟﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. ¾ ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم: ¾ أﻧواع أﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض: .1اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوظﯾﻔﻰ :وﺑﺧﺗص ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ﺑﺗﺄرﯾض ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻰ وﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻧظﺎم ) System .(Grounding or System Earthing .2اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ :وﯾﺧﺗص ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﺑﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌدات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻻرض وﺳﻣﻰ اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ ).(Protective Grounding ¾ أﻧواع أﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ﻓﻰ ﻧظم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض: 3. TNCS 4. TT 1. TNC 2. TNS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 45 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x أوﻻ :ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض (Combine) :TN-C - وﯾﻛون ﻓﯾﮫ ﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻧظﺎم ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت ﻛﺗﺄرﯾض وﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻌدات وأن ﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻧظﺎم ﯾﺗم ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻗطب ﺗﺄرﯾض ﻗطب ﺗﺄرﯾض رﺋﯾﺳﻰ ﺗوﺻل اﻟﯾﮫ ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻣﺣول اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﻐذى ﻟﻠﺷﺑﻛﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻣن ﺧﻼل أﻗطﺎب ﺗﺄرﯾض اﺿﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوازن اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ وﻓﻰ ھذا اﻟﻧظﺎم ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣوﺻل اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻛﺧط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺎدل وﻛﻣوﺻل ﻟﻠﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت "."PEN x ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ :ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض (Separate) :TN-S - ﯾوﺟد ﻗطب ﺗﺄرﯾض واﺣد ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻧظﺎم وﻟﻠﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻌدان ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت وﯾوﺻل ھذا اﻟﻘطب ﺑﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺣول اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻣدد ﺧطﺎن ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻼن ﻣﻊ ﻣوﺻﻼت اﻻطوار اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ )اﻟﻔﺎزات اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ( وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﺧط اﻻول ﻛﻣوﺻل ﺗﻌﺎدل ) (Nﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻣوﺻل ﺗﺄرﯾض وﻗﺎﺋﻰ ) (PEﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ وﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 46 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x ﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ :ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض :TN-C-S - وھو ﯾﺟﻣﻊ ﺑﯾن اﻟﻧظﺎﻣﯾن اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﯾن ﺣﯾث أن ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ ﺗؤرض ﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ TN-Cوأن ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷﺗرك ﺗؤرض ﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ TN-Sﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﻓﺻل اﻟﻣوﺻﻼن PE & Nﻓﻰ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺗرك. x راﺑﻌﺎ :ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض :TT - ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻗطب ﺗﺄرﯾض واﺣد ﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ وأﻗطﺎب ﺗﺄرﯾض ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌدات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 47 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura The first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer): "T" — Direct connection of a point with earth The second letter indicates the connection between earth and the electrical device being supplied: "T" — Direct connection of a point with earth "N" — Direct connection to neutral at the origin of installation, which is connected to the earth x x - ¾ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم وطرق دﻓن أﻗطﺎب اﻻرﺿﻰ: - ﯾﻘﺻد ﺑﺗﺻﻣﯾم أﻗطﺎب اﻻرﺿﻰ ھﻰ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ )ﻗطب اﻻرﺿﻰ( وﺗﺣدﯾد طوﻟﮭﺎ وﻛذﻟك ﻗطرھﺎ أو ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮭﺎ ﻟﻠوﺻول اﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أرﺿﻰ أﻗل ﻣن 0.5أوم )(R earth < 0.5 Ohm ﻓﻰ دواﺋر اﻻﺿﺎءة ودواﺋر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ) (R earth < 2 Ohmأﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ دواﺋر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ) (R earth < 0.5 Ohmوﺑﻣﺎ أن ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻧظﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ وﻗت واﺣد ﻓﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ أﻗل ﻣن 0.5أوم. ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ ) (ƍ “Soil Resistivity in Ω.mﻓﮭﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻣﻛﺎن وﺑﺗﻐﯾﯾر اﻟﻌواﻣل ) (L, N, Aﯾﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ) (0.5 Ωﺣﯾث : )ƍ is Soil Resistivity (Ω.m )L is Length of Electrode (m N is Number of Electrodes )A is Cross Section Area of Electrode and depend on Electrode Diameter (m² - - ﯾﻣﻛن اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻرض واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻷﻏراض أﺧرى )ﻛﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺷﺄة او ﻣواﺳﯾر اﻟﻐﺎز او اﻟﻣﯾﺎ .............. ,اﻟﺦ( واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻛﺄﻗطﺎب ﺗﺄرﯾض اذا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ھذه اﻻﺟﺳﺎم ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺟﯾدا ﺑﺎﻻرض وﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﻗطب ﺗﺄرﯾض طﺑﯾﻌﻰ ) (Natural Earth Electrodeواذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ أﻗل ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻓﻧﻛﺗﻔﻰ ﺑﮭذه اﻻﻗطﺎب اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ أﻣﺎ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﯾﺔ أﻛﺑر ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم اﺿﺎﻓﺔ أﻗطﺎب ﺟدﯾدة ﻧﺣﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازى ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ وﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘطب اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻰ ).(Artificial Earth Electrode ﺑﻌد ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات وأطواﻟﮭﺎ وأﻗطﺎرھﺎ ﯾﺗم دﻓن ﻛل اﻟﻛﺗرود ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾر ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﯾر اﻻرﺿﻰ وﯾﺗم اﻟدﻓن اﻟﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن 3ﻣﺗر ان أﻣﻛن. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 48 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura - ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌض اﻻﺣﯾﺎن ﺗﻛون اﻻرض ﺻﺧرﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود رأﺳﯾﺎ ﻓﯾﻣﻛن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑزاوﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘل ﻋن 45درﺟﺔ واذا ﻟم ﻧﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑﺷﻛل رأﺳﻰ ﻟوﺟود اﻟﺻﺧر ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ﻓﯾﻣﻛن دﻓﻧﮫ أﻓﻘﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣق ﺣواﻟﻰ ﻣﺗر ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض. - اﻻﺣﺟﺎم اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﻛﺗرودات ﺗﺗراوح ﻣن 1ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 3.5ﻣﺗر طول ﺑﻘطر 16ﻣم وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻣﯾﻘﺔ ﯾﻔﺿل أن ﯾﻛون اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﻣﻔﻛك وﻛﻠﻣﺎ دﻓن ﺟزء ﯾﺿﺎق اﻟﺟزء اﻻﺧر ﺑواﺳطﺔ واﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﺿﻣﺎن اﺳﺗﻣرار اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 49 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura - ﺗوﺟد ﺑﻌض أﻧواع ﻣن اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺑب ﺗﺂﻛل ﺳرﯾﻊ ﻟﻼﻟﻛﺗرودات ﻟذﻟك ﯾﺟب اﻟﻛﺷف اﻟدورى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود وﻗﯾﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺗﮫ ﻛل ﻓﺗرة. اذا ﻟم ﺗﺗﺣﻘق ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ ﻓﯾﻣﻛن زﯾﺎدة طول اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود أو زﯾﺎدة ﻗطره أو زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻼ ﺗﻘل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﻛﺗودان ﻋن 2ﻣﺗر وﻛذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ اذا ﻟم ﻧﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن ﺧﻔض اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟطرق اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻋﻣل ﺣﻔر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌد 10ﺳم ﻣن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود وﺑﻌﻣق 30ﺳم وﺗﻣﻠﺊ ﺑﻣﺎدة ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ )ﻛﺑرﯾﺗﺎت اﻟﻣﻐﻧﯾﺳﯾوم وﻛﺑرﯾﺗﺎت اﻟﻧﺣﺎس وﻛﻠورﯾد اﻟﺻودﯾوم "ﻣﻠﺢ اﻟطﻌﺎم" ووﺿﻊ ھذا اﻟﻣﻠﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎء ﻟﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﺧﻼل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ(. x اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻣﺑدأى ﻟﻧظﺎم اﻻرﺿﻰ: - ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑطول 3ﻣﺗر وﺑﻘطر 20ﻣم ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ ودﻓﻧﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾر اﻻرﺿﻰ. ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ﺑﯾر أرﺿﻰ ﻛل 15أو 20ﻣﺗر ودﻓن اﻟﻛﺗرود ﻓﻲ أو ﻋﻣل ﺑﯾر أرﺿﻰ ﻋﻧد أرﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻓﻘط اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺻﻐﯾر. ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات ﺑﺑﺎرة ﻧﺣﺎس أو ﻛﺎﺑل ﻧﺣﺎس ﻋﺎرى ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮫ 120ﻣم ²ﯾدﻓن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣق 60ﺳم ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ).(120mm² Bare Copper Stranded Conductor Buried at 60cm Below Earth Level ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣل اﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑﺄﻗرب ﺣدﯾد ﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ ﻓﻰ أى ﻋﻣود ﻣﺳﻠﺢ ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻧﺣﺎس ﻋﺎرى ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮫ 70ﻣم² ) (Riser Conductor 70 mm² Bare Copper Inside 25 mm Diameter UPVC Conduit For Lightning (Protectionوذﻟك ﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻧظﺎم اﻻرﺿﻰ ﺑﻧظﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺻواﻋق. ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل أى اﻟﻛﺗرود ﻣن اﻟـ ) (Loopﺑﺎﻻﺟزاء اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻐﯾر ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻧﺣﺎس ﻋﺎرى 50ﻣم ² )(50 mm² Bare Stranded Copper Conductor To All Non-current Carrying Metal Parts ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻧﺣﺎس ﻣﻌزول 120ﻣم² )(120 mm² Insulated CU/PVC to Main Distribution Board - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 50 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura Lay Out of Earthing System for Commercial Building ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 51 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura (Data and Telephone) اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻠﯿﻔﻮن ¾ Data Network: x Main Element of Data Network 1. Data Outlet (Data Socket) 2. Patch Panel 3. Data Switch 4. Data Cables x - Data Outlet (Data Socket): (RJ 45) Wall Mounted Socket : in any small rooms, and hs = 30cm A.F.F.L Floor Mounted Socket : in any wide area like malls and airports, and hs = Zero ITR Æ IT Rack x - Patch Panel: 6 Port, 12 Port, 24 Port, 36 Port, 48Port, and 64 Port. .(2 P.P 48 Port) ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام85 ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﻋﻧدى ﺗرﺗﯾب وﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻣﺧﺗﻠف ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ وﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻛل دور ﻟﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﻘﺎطPatch Panel وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟـ . اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻰSwitch اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ ﻟﯾﮭوﻟﺔ اﺟراء ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ وﺳﮭوﻟﺔ اﻟوﺻول ﻟﻠﻛﺎﺑلPatch Panel ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎرج وﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ .اﻟﻣراد ﻓﺣﺻﮫ ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟرﻗم - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 52 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x - Data Switch: (O.S) Operating Switch 6 Port, 12 Port, 24 Port, 36 Port, 48Port, and 64 Port. x Data Cables: - .Category ( ھﻰ اﺧﺗﺻﺎر ﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔCat) ( واﻟـCat3, Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6e) أﺷﮭر اﻟﻔﺋﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ . ﻣﺗر100 ( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت أﻗل ﻣن1Gbps ( ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ )ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﻘل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎتCat6) ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺎﺑل Data Cable Cat6 in 20mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Wall or Floor. x - IT-R (IT Rack): Æ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣن Patch Panel Switch F.O.P.S (Fiber Optic Power Supply) Feeder from out source - .( أو اى ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﻧﺎﺳبServer Room) ﻓﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺧدﻣﺎت أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻻﻣن أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﺳب اﻻﻟﻰIT-R ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ اﻟـ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 53 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura x طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ وﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ) (Data Socketﻓﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد: - ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد ﯾﺗم اظﮭﺎر ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑﺎور )اﻟﺑراﯾز( وﻛذﻟك اظﮭﺎر اﻟﻔرش ووﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ھذه اﻟﺑراﯾز ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت داﺗﺎ وﺑﻌد اﻻﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻣن ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ ﯾﺗم ازاﻟﺔ أو اﺧﻔﺎء ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑراﯾز. ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ طﺑﻘﺎ ﻹﺣﺗﯾﺎج اﻟﻔرش ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر أو ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﻣﻛﺗب أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﯾﺣﺗﻣل وﺟود ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﮫ ﻣﺛﻼ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن وﺟود ﻣﻛﺗب وﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب. ﻛل ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻣﻧﻔﺻل داﺧل ﻣﺎﺳورة ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ )(IT-R - ¾ Telephone Network: Main Element of Telephone Network )1. EPABX (Electronic Private Automatic Branch eXchanger 2. M.D.F (Main Distribution Frame) or M.T.F (Main Telephone Frame 3. T.F (Telephone Frame) I.D.F (Intermediate Distribution Frame) or S.D.F (Sum Distribution )Frame) or T.J.B (Telephone Junction Box )4. Telephone Out lets (Telephone Sockets 5. Telephone Cables x - )اﻟﺳﻧﺗرال اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ( EPABX وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟرﺑط ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺧطوط اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻔﯾﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ واﻟﺳﻣﺎح ﺑﻌﻣل اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻟﻣﺎت ﺑﯾﻧﮭم دون وﺟود ﺣط ﺧﺎرﺟﻰ. ﯾﻣﻛن ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ اﻟﺳﻧﺗرال وﺗﺣدد ﻟﻛل ھﺎﺗف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ھل ﻟﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ أم ﻻ. x - M.D.F or M.T.F: وﻓﯾﮫ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺧطوط ﺑﯾن اﻟﻧﺷﺄة وﺑﯾن اﻟﺳﻧﺗرال اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ) (EPABXوﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﮫ ﺑﻌدد اﻻزواج )(Pairs 100 Pairs, 150 Pairs, 200 Pairs, 300 Pairs x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 54 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura - T.F or I.D.F or S.D.F: وﯾوﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻛل دور وﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻣﺧﺎرج وﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت ﻓﯾﮫ ﺛم ﯾﺗم رﺑطﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ M.D.Fﻋن طرﯾق ﻛﺎﺑل ﺗﻠﯾﻔون. ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾف S.D.Fﺑﻌدد اﻻزواج ) (Pairsاﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت أو ﻣﺧﺎرج اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت. 5 Pairs, 10 Pairs, 15 Pairs, 20 Pairs, 30 Pairs, 40 Pairs, 50 Pairs, ……., 100 Pairs x Telephone Outlet (RJ 11): )Wall mounted hs = 30cm (A.F.F.L Floor mounted hs = Zero x - Telephone Cable: 2 Pair (2*0.6mm²) in 20mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Wall or Floor for each socket. 3*0.6, 4*0.6, 5*0.6, 6*0.6, 10*0.6, 15*0.6, 20*0.6, 25*0.6, 30*0.6, 40*0.6, 50*0.6, 100*0.6, 150*0.6, 200*0.6, 200*0.6 for T.F or M.T.F x - x طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ وﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد: - ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت طﺑﻘﺎ ﻹﺣﺗﯾﺎج اﻟﻔرش ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر أو ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﻣﻛﺗب أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﯾﺣﺗﻣل وﺟود ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﮫ ﻣﺛﻼ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن وﺟود ﻣﻛﺗب وﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻛﻣﺎ ھو اﻟﺣﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ. ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺗﻠﯾﻔون واﺣد ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻓﻘط. ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣدﺧل ﺳواء ﻟﮫ ﻣدﺧل أو ﻣدﺧﻠﯾن. ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﻣﻛن وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺗﻠﯾﻔون ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻣر. ﻛل ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻣﻧﻔﺻل داﺧل ﻣﺎﺳورة ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ ) (T.Fوﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻛل ﺳوﻛت أو ﻣﺧرج ).(1-TF , 2 TF, 3 TF , ….. - x x ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت ﻣﺛﻼ أو اﻟﻣوﻻت أو اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﯾﺎت ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام RJ45ﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔون )(Data & Tel وﺗﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ ).(IT-R ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ أن ﺗﻛون ﻋﻠﺑﺔ واﺣدة ) (Boxﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟداﺗﺎ واﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔون ودواﺋر اﻻﺿﺎءة أو اﻟﺑﺎور وﻟﻛن ﻟﻛل ﻧظﺎم ﻣﺎﺳورة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮫ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻻﺧر. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 55 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ إﻧﺬار اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ) (Fire Alarm ¾ ﯾﺗﻛون أى ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار ﺣرﯾق ﻣن: .1 .2 .3 .4 اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت أو ﻛﺎﺷف اﻟﺣرﯾق )(Detectors ﻧﻘطﺔ اﺳﺗدﻋﺎء ﯾدوى )(Manual Call Point اﻧذار ﺻوﺗﻰ أو ﻣرﺋﻰ )(Alarm ﻟوﺣﺔ ﺗﺣﻛم )(F.A.C.P ¾ Types of Detectors 1. Smoke Detector: Ceiling Mounted, General Use 2. Heat Detector: Ceiling Mounted, Use for Garage, Kitchen and Generator Room - ھذﯾن اﻟﻧوﻋﯾن ﯾﻐطﯾﺎن ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ 76م ²أو ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ) (R = 4mﻟﺿﻣﺎن ﻋدم وﺟود ﻣﻧﺎطق ﻏﯾر ﻣﻐطﺎة. ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد No of Detector = Area of Room / Detector Area (76m) : ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ وﺟود رﻗم ﻋﺷرى ﯾﺗم أﺧذ اﻟرﻗم اﻻﻋﻠﻰ. ﯾﺗم رﺳم داﺋرة ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ 4ﻣﺗر وﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﺑﻧﺳﺧﮭﺎ ) (Copyﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﮭﺎ. ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت 1او 2ﻟﻛﻰ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻛل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ. اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﺣﺳﺎس واﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون ﻣن 0.5ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 1ﻣﺗر. ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود ﺳﻘوط أو ﻛﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻓﯾﻌﺗﺑر أن اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻏرﻓﺗﯾن ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺗﯾن. ﻋﻧد ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﯾﺟب ﻣراﻋﺎة اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن. ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس واﻻﺧر ﻣن 6ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 8ﻣﺗر ¾ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم Multisensorﻟﻠﺣرارة واﻟدﺧﺎن ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 56 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 3. Beam Detector & Beam Reflector: Wall Mounted, for height > 5m use for Malls, Stores, Open Places Which haven’t Ceiling. ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟـ Beam Detectorﻣن ارﺳﺎل واﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل ) (Transmitter and Receiverواﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﮭم 100م وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ أﻛﺑر ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎزن واﻟﻣوﻻت واﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟوﻧﺎت اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ واﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﻟﮭﺎ أﺳﻘف .واﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌرﺿﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس ) (Beamواﻻﺧر 8ﻣﺗر. ¾ Manual Call Point “MCP”: - ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻧد ﺳﻼﻟم اﻟﮭروب واﻟﻣداﺧل واﻟﻣﺧﺎرج أو ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻣرات واﻟطرﻗﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة. ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ) (160 : 120ﺳم. اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت ﻻ ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ أى ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت. اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺑﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﺑﯾن ﻛل وﺣدة واﻻﺧرى 60ﻣﺗر. ¾ Alarm : Bell )Strobe Light (Flash Speaker Horn - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 57 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 1. Bell: ﯾﺻدر اﻧﺗذار ﺻوﺗﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق 2. Strobe Light (Flash): ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ ﺑوﺟود ﺣرﯾق ﺑﺎﺳﺎﺗﺧدام اﺷﺎرات ﺿوﺋﯾﺔ 3. Speaker: وﺗﺻدر رﯾﺎﻟﺔ اﺧﻼء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق 4. Horn in Outdoor: وھﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ ﻋﻧد اﻛﺗﺷﺎف اﻟﺣرﯾق ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق وﻟﻛن ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧﺎرج ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 58 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ Modules Unit: 1. Control Module ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﯾﻘﺎف ﺑﻌض اﻻﻧظﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت أﺛﻧﺎء ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣﺛل اﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻋد ﻣﺛﻼ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻣراوح ﺳﺣب اﻟﮭواء 2. Monitor Module ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻣﺛل ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﻣﺣﺑس ﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﻓﻰ ﻣواﺳﯾر ﻧظﺎم اطﻔﺎء اﻟﺣرﯾق 3. Door Holder ﯾوﺿﻊ ﺧﻠف أﺑواب اﻟﮭروب ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻟﺑﺎب ﺑﻌد ﻓﺗﺣﮫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺿﻣن ﻋدم ﻏﻠق اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣرة أﺧرى ﻓﻰ وﺟوه اﻟﮭﺎرﺑﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺣرﯾق ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻗطﻌﺗﯾن ﻗطﻌﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺎب واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﺧﻠف اﻟﺑﺎب وﻣرﺗﺑطﺔ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق وﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺟﮭد ﯾﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻛﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾس ﯾﻣﺳك ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺎب ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺻل اﻟﯾﮭﺎ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 59 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ F.A.C.P “Fire Alarm Control Panel”: Conventional FACP )Addressable FACP (IP System - 1. Conventional F.A.C.P: - - - ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻋدد اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت أو ﻋدد اﻟﻐرف ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻔض اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻐﯾر ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﺳﺑﯾﺎ ﺣﯾث أﻧﮫ ﻟو ﻓﺻل أى ﺣﺳﺎس ﻓﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻠﯾﮫ ﺳوف ﺗﺧرج ﻣن اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻌﻣل )(Open Circuit ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق ﺑﺎﻟظﺑط داﺧل اﻟـ Zoneوﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﻓﻘط ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮫ ﺗﺣدﯾد رﻗم اﻟـ Zone ﯾﻔﺿل أن ﺗوﺻل 10ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟـ Zoneاﻟواﺣدة ﻛل Zoneﺗﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﺑـ (End of Line Resistor) EOLRﻟﻛﻰ ﺗﻼﺷﻰ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ )"Damping the voltage" (24VDC ﻟو ﻋﻣل أى ﺣﺳﺎس وأﻋطﻰ اﺷﺎرة ﻟوﺟود ﺣرﯾق ﺳوف ﺗﻌﻣل ﻛل اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟـ Zoneوﻟذﻟك ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 60 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 2. Addressable F.A.C.P: - ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة وﻛﺛﯾرة اﻟﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﺎت ﻣﺛل اﻟﻔﻧﺎدق واﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻻدارﯾﺔ. ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛل اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت أو ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ داﺋرة واﺣدة Loop ﻟﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس ﻋﻧوان ) (IPﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ) (F.A.C.Pوﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﯾﺗم اﻻﻧذار وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق داﺧل اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام Loopأو أﻛﺛر ﺣﺳب ﻋدد اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت - ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻟوﺣﺔ F.A.C.Pﻓﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻻﻣن ان وﺟدت أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣرﺋﻰ واﺿﺢ ﻟﺳﮭوﻟﺔ اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق. ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم Isolation Moduleﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣن Short Circuitsﻟﻌزل اﻟﺣﺳﺎس اﻟﻣﻌطل ﻋن ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟداﺋرة وﯾوﺿﻊ ﻛل 20ﺣﺳﺎس. ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم Control Moduleﻟﻌﻣل Zonesﻟدواﺋر اﻻﻧذار ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺿرب اﻻﻧذار ﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻓﻘط دون اﻻدوار اﻻﺧرى. ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟطوارئ Exit Signﻛل 30ﻣﺗر ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ طرﯾق اﻟﺧروج ﻣن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ. ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ﺗداﺧل ) (Interfaceﺑﯾن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق وﻧظﺎم اطﻔﺎء اﻟﺣرﯾق . x Fire Alarm Repeater: وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﻌﻧون ﻋﻧد وﺟود ﻣﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﯾد ﻋن ﻟوﺣﺔ F.A.C.Pوﻧرﯾد اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ ﻣن ھذا اﻟﻣﻛﺎن أو ﻣراﻗﺑﺗﮫ ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ Repeater Panelﻓﻰ ھذا اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ورﺑطﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﺣﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟـ Loopsوﺗﻛون اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻗد وﺻﻠت ﻟﻠﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻋدد اﻟـ Loopsﺣﺳب اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ. - Fire Alarm Cable: Fire Alarm Cable (2*1.5mm²) Inside 20 mm PVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall. x - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 61 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺼﻮت )(Sound System ¾ Main Component of Sound System: Loudspeaker Volume Control Power Amplifier Audio Matrix Sound Source )SSR (Sound System Rack Wiring System - 1. Loudspeakers: وھﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع أﻗل ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ a) Ceiling Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة واﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ وﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺗﻰ 5ﻣﺗر )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ b) Wall Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt ﻛل ﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﺣواﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ) 67م (²او ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ) 5ﻣﺗر(No. of Speakers (1.5 : 6 Watt) = Area of Rooms / Speaker Coverage Area = No. of F.A Sensors ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس واﻻﺧر ﻣن 6ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 8ﻣﺗر ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت F.A ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت F.A Detectorsوﯾﻔﺿل أن ﯾﻛون ھذﯾن اﻟﻧظﺎﻣﯾن ﻓو ﻟوﺣﺔ أوﺗوﻛﺎد واﺣدة.ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻛل ﻏرﻓﺔ أو ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺻوت ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ 2. Attenuator or Volume Control: ﻋدا اﻟﻣﻣرات أو اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ 3. Power Amplifiers: - ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟـ Amplifierﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻛﺑﯾر ﺑﻧﻔس ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎت واﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣﺗوﻓرة )(50, 100, 150, 200, 250 , ……., 500 Watt ﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟـ Amplifierﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎت اﻟواﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻛل .Zone ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻧظﺎم اﻟـ .Zones - Amplifier Capacity = 6 (Watt) * No. of Speakers Æ and select the next standard ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 62 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura 4. Audio Matrix: ﻣﻊ اﻟﺧرج وھﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﺧطوط أوCD/DVD وﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﺑط ﺑﯾن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺻوت )اﻟدﺧل( ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﯾﻛروﻓون اﻟرادﯾو أو ﺟﮭﺎز . اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣن اﻟراكZones اﻟـ وﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد اﻟدﺧل وﻋدد اﻟﺧرج - Inputs may be 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 Outputs may be 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , 24 , 36 , 48 , 64 5. - Sound Source: Microphones Radio Tuner FM/AM Cassette Player CD / DVD Player Signal From Fire Alarm System 6. SSR (Sound System Rack): .وھو اﻟﮭﯾﻛل اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﻰ اﻟذى ﯾوﺿﻊ ﻓﯾﮫ ﻛل ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﻧظﺎم وﯾﺟد ﻓﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم وﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﺗﺄرﯾﺿﮫ ﻣﻊ ﻧظﺎم اﻻرﺿﻰ - 7. Sound System Cable: - 2 * 2 mm² Copper Stranded Twisted Pair in 20 mm Diameter UPVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 63 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ )(CCTV ¾ CCTV Meaning Æ Closed Circuit Television System ¾ Main Component of CCTV System: Camera Video Matrix )DVR (Digital Video Recorder Monitor Control Keypad Wiring System - ¾ Types of Cameras: 1. Fixed Camera: a) Dome Camera - ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام وھﻰ أﻓض اﻻﻧواع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ. ﻟﯾﺳت ﺳﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﺧرﯾب أو اﻟﺗﻼﻋب واﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌدﺳﺔ ﻣﺧﻔﻰ وﻟذﻟك ﻓﮭﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ أﻛﺛر. ﺗرﻛب داﺧل اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ) (Indoorﻓﻰ اﻻﺳﻘف وھﻰ ﺳﮭﻠﺔ اﻟﺗرﻛﯾب ﻓﻰ اﻻﺳﻘف اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﺎرة. ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾدات أﺷﻌوة ﻓوق ﺣﻣراء ﻟﻠرؤﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﯾﻠﯾﺔ. b) Box Camera ﺗرﻛب داﺧل اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﺎﺋط أو ﻓﻰ اﻻﺳﻘف وﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات أو ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻋﻧد ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ أﻣﺎﻛن ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟوﺻول اﻟﯾﮭﺎ )ﻓﻰ ﻣﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﯾد( ﯾﻔﺿل وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻏﻼف ﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺗﮭﺎ. 2. Moving Camera: وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرات ﻣﺗﺣرﻛﺔ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘرﯾب )a) PTZ Camera (Pan Tilt Zoom Camera - وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋﻧد اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرا وﺗﻘرﯾب اﻟﺻورة ﻣن ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ أﻏﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻌر. ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ .Indoor / Outdoor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 64 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura b) Motorized Camera .( وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣل ﻣﺗﺣركFixed) وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرات ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﺑت .Indoor / Outdoor ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ - 3. Digital Recording Camera: .وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ ﻗرص ﺻﻠب ﻟﮫ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن ﻟﻣدة ﻋدد ﻣن اﻟﺳﺎﻋﺎت - وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﺗﻌﻣل ﻓﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻧﮭﺎر ﻛﻣﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻣل أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﻠﯾل ﺣﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟظﻼم اﻟداﻣس - 4. Day and Night Camera: ¾ Video Matrix (Multiplexer): - - Mix between cameras as inputs (4, 8, 9, 16, 24, 48, 64) and screen display as outputs (4, 8, 9, 16, 24, 48). 64 Cameras (I/P) and 16 Screen Display (O/P). 48 Cameras (I/P) and 24 Screen Display (O/P). 64 Cameras (I/P) and 24 Screen Display (O/P). 16 Cameras (I/P) and 8 Screen Display (O/P), .etc. ¾ DVR (Digital Video Recorder): .ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺳﺟﯾل اﻟﺻورة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗرص ﺻﻠب وﯾﻣﻛن رﺑطﮫ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﻌرض واﻟﺗﺧزﯾن ﻣن أى ﻣﻛﺎن - ¾ Monitor: . أو أى ﻧوع اﺧرLCD Monitor ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌرض اﻟﺻورة وھﻰ اﻣﺎ - .وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرات وﻋرﺿﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ وھﻰ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣدد أى اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرات ﺗﻌﻣل وأﯾﮭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻣل - ¾ Control Keypad: ¾ Wiring System: - Cat 6 in 20 mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall. Or Coaxial Cable RG6 in 20 mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall. ¾ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻼﺣظﺎت . ﻣﺗر7 ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرا اﻟواﺣدة ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ .UPS ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛﺎﻣﯾرات اﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ . ﻣﺗر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط أو ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻘف7 ( ﻛلFixed) ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ .(FA, ITR, CCTV, SS) 1000VA وﺗﻛون ﻗدرﺗﮭﺎDraw Out Box ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن ﻛل ﻧظﺎم ﻣن اﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 65 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﻌﺸﺮون إﻧﺎرة اﻟﺸﻮارع وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎت إﻧﺎرة اﻟﺷوارع )(Street Lighting ¾ ﻟﻌﻣل ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻹﻧﺎرة اﻟﺷوارع ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌواﻣل أو اﻟﻧﻘﺎط: - ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻣود طول ذراع اﻟﻌﻣود زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯾل اﻟذراع اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻻﻋﻣدة ¾ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻻﻋﻣدة: - ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻣود ﯾﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ) (1:0.7ﻣن ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع ) (h = 0.7 : 1 hﺣﯾث أن hه ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻣود و Wھو ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع. ﻓﻰ اﻻﺣﯾﺎء اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام اﺳﺗﺧدام أﻋﻣدة ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺟدا وذﻟك ﻟﻠﻣﻧظر اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﯾث أﻗﺻﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺳﻣوح ﺑﮫ 12م ¾ طول ذراع اﻟﻌﻣود: -طول اﻟذراع ﺣواﻟﻰ 60ﺳم. ¾ زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯾل اﻟذراع: - 20درﺟﺔ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ اﻟﺷﺎرع. 45درﺟﺔ اذا ﻛﺎﻧب اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧب واﺣد ﻓﻘط ﻣن اﻟﺷﺎرع. ¾ اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻹﻧﺎرة اﻟﺷوارع : - ﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ ﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﺻودﯾوم ﺿﻐط ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ) (HPSﻟوﻧﮫ أﺻﻔر ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷوارع اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج إﻟﻰ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻟوﻧﯾﺔ وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺷدة اﻧﺎرة ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ وھﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﻧﺣﺎء اﻟوطن اﻟﻌرﺑﻰ(150W , 250W , 400W , 600W , 1000W) . ﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ ﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﺻودﯾوم ﺿﻐط ﻣﻧﺧﻔض ) (LPSوﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷوارع اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻛﺛر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺿﺑﺎب . ﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾﺢ اﻟﻣﯾﺗﺎل ھﺎﻟﯾد ) (Metal Halideﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺑﯾض وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣداﺋق أو اﻟﻣﻧﺗزھﺎت. 150Wﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻼرﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺗﻰ 6ﻣﺗر 250W ,ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻸﻋﻣدة ﺣﺗﻰ 12ﻣﺗر 400W ,ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣن 14م ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻓوق. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 66 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ طرق ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق: - - اذا ﻛﺎن ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع ﺣﺗﻰ 16م ﺗﻛون اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣن طرف واﺣد. اذا ﻛﺎن ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع أﻛﺑر ﻣن 16م ﺗﻛون اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣن طرﻓﯾن. اذا وﺟدت ﺟزﯾرة وﺳطﯾﺔ ﺗﻛون اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟزﯾرة ﺑذراﻋﯾن ﻣﻊ ﻣراﻋﺎة اذا اﻟﺷﺎرع أﻗل ﻣن 16م ﺗﻛون اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟزﯾرة اﻟوﺳطﯾﺔ ﻓﻘط أﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺷﺎرع أﻛﺑر ﻣن 16ﻣﺗر ﺗﻛون اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻓﻰ طرﻓﯾن. ¾ Single Side: ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧب واﺣد ﻣن اﻟطرﯾق وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع اﻗل ﻣن او ﯾﺳﺎوى ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻣود w ≤ h ¾ Opposite Side: - اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ اﻟطرﯾق ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﺗﻘﺎﺑل وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع اﻛﺑر ﻣرة وﻧﺻف ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻣود w > 1.5h ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 67 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ Staggered Side (Double Row With Offset): اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ اﻟطرﯾق ﺑﺷﻛل زج زاج وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع ﺑﯾن ﻣرة وﻣرة 1.5 h > w > h وﻧﺻف ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻣود - ¾ Staggered Side (Double Row With Offset): . ﻓﺎﻧوس2 ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ وﺟود ﺟزﯾرة وﺳطﯾﺔ واﻻﻋﻣدة ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟزﯾرة اﻟوﺳطﯾﺔ واﻷﻋﻣدة ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 68 - Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura :¾ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻻﻋﻣدة وذﻟك ﻓﻰ اﻟطرق اﻟﺳرﯾﻊ أو اﻟﻛﺑﺎرى وﻟﻛن ﻓﻰ اﻟطرق اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔPole Distance = (1:2) h ﯾﻣﻛن اﻋﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯾن اﻻﻋﻣدة : وﻟﻛن ﻻ ﺑد أﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯾن اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔPole Distance = (3:4) h اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ أو اﻟﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ D : Distance between columns in (m) U.F : Utilization Factor (Get from U.F Curve) M.F : Maintenance Factor (Outdoor = 0.4 : 0.6) - Lumen : Flux Per Lamp (From Lamp’s Catalogue) E : Required Lux (According to Roads) W : Street Width in (m) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 69 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ¾ EX: For high way street with 1Km length and 14m width - - From Lux table and high way road we found the required Lux (E) = 30 Lux. We select 400W high pressure sodium lamp Æ Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm From Philips catalogue (150W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 17500 lm) From Philips catalogue (250W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 33200 lm) From Philips catalogue (400W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm) Mounting height (h) = W = 14m W/h=1 From U.F curve Æ U.F = 0.34 Î D = (U.F * M.F * Lumen) / (E * W) = (0.34 * 0.6 * 56500) / (30 * 14) = 27.44 = 28m Î No. of Poles = 1000 / 28 = 35.7 = 38 Poles Î Actual Distance Between 2 Poles = 1000 / 38 = 26.3 m ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 70 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura B.O.Q ﺣﺻر اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺎت ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 71 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 72 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 73 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 74 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 75 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 76 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 77 Eng. Mohamed Alshoura Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura ﺗم ﺑﺣﻣد ﷲ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical Power Distribution Course 78