RAHUL MOTIRAM JONDHALE
V/10/056
SOME COMMON TOXIC PRINCIPLES & THEIR TREATMENT
SR.NO. TOXIC PRINCIPLE
1
Arsenic
TYPE
Metal
TREATMENT
BAL (Dimercaprol, British Anti- Lewisite :
Warfare agent) inj. @ 4-5 mg/ kg IM tid for 3 days,
Thiooctic acid ( Lipoic acid ) @ 50 mg/kg as 20 %
solution IM tid,
Mineral oil orally, Gastric lavage,
Demulcents LA 3 mg/kg SC/IM,
SA 2.5-5 mg/kg SC/IM
2
Mercury
( Minamata disease
1953-1960 &
Nigata disease 19641965 in small towns of
JAPAN )
Metal
BAL ( Dimercaprol, British Anti- Lewisite ) inj.
@ 4-5 mg/ kg IM
Tid for 3 days,
D- Penicillimase 15-20 mg/kg orally,
Thiooctic acid ( Lipoic acid ) @ 50 mg/kg as 20 %
solution IM tid,
Mineral oil orally, Gastric lavage,
Demulcents LA 3 mg/kg SC/IM,
SA 2.5-5 mg/kg SC/IM
3
Copper
( Deep GREEN colour
diarrhoea )
( Haemolytic crisis in
Ruminants only because
they store Cu in RBC &
Liver )
Metal
BAL ( British Anti- Lewisite ) inj. @ 4-5 mg/ kg
IM
tid for 3 days, Vit. C ( Ascorbic acid ),
Daily feeding of Ammonium molybdate@ 50-500
mg & Sodium sulphate @ 250-1000 mg /animal for
3-6 weeks.
4
Lead
Metal
Cal- Na2 EDTA 110 mg/kg/day IV & repeat after 2
days,
BAL inj. 2-3 mg/kg IM, Thiamine 2-4 mg/kg/day
IM,
D- Penicillimase 110 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks ,
Calciumphosphogluconate @ 250-500 ml IV
5
Cadmium
(Itai-Itai disease or
Ouch-Ouch disease)
Molybdenum
( also called as
Molybdenosis,
Peat scour,
Teart disease,
Spectacle disease,
Pacing disease,
Enzootic ataxia,
Sway back disease )
( Ideal ratio of
Cu : Mb in ration is
6 : 1 but toxic if less
than 2 : 1 )
Metal
Calcium sodium EDTA as chelating agent.
Metal
For scouring 1 gm CuSO4 /day in calves,
2 gm CuSO4 /day in adults cattle.
6
RAHUL MOTIRAM JONDHALE
7
Selenium
(Subacute : Blind
stagger,
Chronic : Alkali disease,
Sloughing of
hooves,shedding of tail
hairs called as BOB or
CIGAR TAIL )
( Sources :
A)Obligate Se
accumulator or Se
indicator or Se
convertor plants : They
need Se for growth ,
Se content high as
10000 ppm,
Ex. Astragalous,
Onopsis, Stanleya,
Xylorrhiza spp.
B) Facultative Se
accumulator : Do not
require for growth but
store as 100 ppm,
Ex. Aster,
Astriplex,Castillega spp.
C) Passive Se
accumulator : all plant
growing in Se rich areas
accumulate Se upto 25
ppm.
Metal
8
Iron
Metal
9
Fluoride
Chronic fluorosis has
two types
a) Dental fluorosis
causes
chalkiness or
Mottling (black,
yellow, green
brown spots on
teeth )
b) Skeletal
fluorosis /
Osteofluorsis it
causes
Exostoses
Non-Metal
V/10/056
No specific Antidote.
Acute : Saline purgatives,
Treatment of pulmonary oedema & shock, removal
of cause.
Subacute & chronic : Sodium arsenite 5 % or
2.5 % Sodium arsenate in water.
Precautions : BAL is not used because it increases
enal damages.
Vit. E should not be given because it has
synergistic with Selenium.
Deferoxamine. Adrenaline, antihistaminics
Dogs desferrioxamine 1-2 gm IM,
Orally milk of magnesia, large oral dose of Vit. C
(Ascorbic acid )
Aluminium sulphate, & calcium carbonate @ 30
gm/ animals orally, dietery supplementation of
calcium, phosphorous, Vit. D.
RAHUL MOTIRAM JONDHALE
V/10/056
10
Nitrate & Nitrite
Non-Metal
11
Oxalates
Non-Metal
12
Salt
( Hypernatremia :
Excessive thirst due to
stimulation of
Osmoreceptors )
Urea (Alkalies )
Non-Metal
Fluid therapy,
Sedative.
Non-Metal
14
Carbamate containing
pesticide ex. Carbaryl,
Propoxur
Insecticides
15
Organochlorine
insecticides
Chlorinated
hyrocarbons/
Insecticides/ Pesticides,
Ex. DDT, Aldrin,
Lindane, Endosulfan,
Dicofol
Insecticides
5% Acetic acid ( Vinegar ) orally,
Demulcents, Analgesic,sedative to quieten the
animal
Atropine 0.2-0.5 mg/kg for Cattle
0.2-2 mg/kg for Dog in physiological
saline
(1/4th dose is given as IV, rest as SC/IM),
Diuretics.
Babiturate, Saline purgatives, Gastric lavage,
Activated charcoal ( 2kg stat ; 1 kg daily for 2
weeks)
16
Organophosphorous
compounds like,
insecticide, Pesticides,
Ex. Malathion,
Parathion, Coumphos,
Dichlorvos, DFP.
Insecticides
2-PAM (Cholinesterase reactivator)
Atropinte sulphate in double dose
Cattle @ 0.50 mg/kg ,
Sheep , Goat 2 mg/kg,
Dog 0.4-4 mg/kg,
Pralidoxime 1 gm/kg ,
Supportive therapy like Emetics, Respiratory
stimulants, Sedatives.
17
Warfarin
Rodenticides
Vit. K LA @ 0.5-1 mg/kg IM
SA @ 5 mg/kg IV, Sedative & tranquilizers,
Blood transfusion @ 20 mg/kg.
18
Phosphorous
( Yellow & White :
Toxic,
Red : Non-toxic )
Rodenticides
Gastric lavage with KMNO4 0.01 % or 0.5%
CuSO4, Saline purgative.
19
HCN Poisoning
( Cynide containing
plants
Ex. Sorfum vulgar’s
JOWAR. young shoots
contain DHURRIN )
Plants
Sodium nitrite 5 mg/kg as slow IV,
Sodium thiosulphate 600 mg/kg as slow IV,
( 20% Solution 40-80 ml )
13
Methylene blue 15 slow IV in isotonic saline
Cattle & sheep 10 mg/kg & other species 5 mg /kg
25% Dicalcium phosphate orally in salt ration
RAHUL MOTIRAM JONDHALE
20
Bracken fern
( Pteridium aquilinium )
(Toxic principle :
Thiaminase ,
ptaquiloside :
Carcinogenic glycoside
& Aplastic anaemia
factor )
Plants
21
Sweet clover or
dicumorol
Plants
22
23
Coal tar
Acids
Dust
24
Atropine
Drug
Most effective is blood transfusion 0.4 L in young
animals, 1-4 L in adult animal with 3% Sodium
citrate followed by second transfusion of half of
above quantity.
DL Batyl alcohol ( Erythopoietic bone marrow
stimulant) 2gm IV/SC for 4 to 5 days,
Thiamine LA 100 mg-1gm IV/IM,
SA 5-10 mg/kg IV/IM,
Toluidine blue ( 1 gm/ litre of serum )
@ 1-2 litre/day IV Slow,
1% Sodium chloride ( 100 ml ) by slow IV.
Vit. K LA @ 0.5-1 mg/kg IM
SA @ 5 mg/kg IV, Sedative & tranquilizers,
Blood transfusion @ 20 mg/kg.
Removal of cause, Gastric lavage.
2% sodium bicarbonate orally,
Demulcents, Analgesic,sedative to quieten the
animal
Gastric lavage with KMNO4 , Activated charcoal,
Emetics, Neostigmine, Saline purgative.
Universal Antidote
A)Powdered Charcoal 2 parts+
Kaolin ( absorb poison ) 1 part+
Tannic acid (precipitate alkaloid
& metallic poison) 1part+
Magnesium oxide ( causes purgation ) 1 part.
B) ATROPINE SULPHATE,
C) CALCIUM BOROGLUCONATE.
V/10/056