9
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
First Edition, 2020
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over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Wenny P. de Pedro
Editors: Rizzel Joy D. Insigne, Romel S. Villarubia
Reviewers: Honey Lynne A. Boyles, Romel S. Villarubia
Illustrator: Wenny P. de Pedro
Management Team: Dr. Josephine L. Fadul - SDS
Dr. Christine C. Bagacay – OIC ASDA
Dr. Maria Fe D. Sibuan – OIC CID Chief, EPS in Mathematics
Dr. Honey Lynne A. Boyles – EPS in Science
Dr. Lorna C. Ragos – LRMDS Supervisor
Jecson L. Oafallas – Project Development Officer II
Romel S. Villarubia – Junior High School Focal Person
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region XI
Office Address:
E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City
Telefax:
(084)-216-3504
E-mail Address:
http://deped.tagumcity.gov.ph
9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
Introductory Message
For the learner:
This module is primarily designed to help you, learners, continue learning
despite the present situation. This effort of DepEd is a way to cope-up with its
goal in providing the quality education you deserved.
It is easy, user friendly, and interactive. It allows you to freely give comments
or answers to its parts. Icons with labels are provided as your guide
throughout. Words, figures, and tables are simplified for your easy
understanding.
This module will help you learn Science facts and concepts, and will also
develop your positive attitude, values, and interest in Science.
Explore this module thoroughly for the best experience. Have fun!
How to learn from this module:
To be guided in using this module, you may do the following:
1. Read and follow the directions and or instructions in the activities and
exercises carefully and diligently.
2. Take your time to read the lessons.
3. Answer all given tests, activities, and exercises honestly.
4. Check your answers in the key answers provided in the last few pages of
the module.
5. Familiarize yourself with the following Icons and Terms:
Let Us Learn! - It has the objectives of the module.
Let Us Try!
- Pretest or Preassessment.
Let Us Study
- Introduction of a new lesson or the lesson itself.
Let Us Practice – Activities for practicing the concepts.
Let Us Practice More – Additional activities for practicing the concepts.
Let Us Remember – Additional activities for practicing the concepts.
Let Us Assess – Posttest or Post assessment.
Let Us Enhance - Enrichment activities.
Let Us Reflect - Application of the concept to a real-life situation.
Answer key to Activities – Key answers to the activities, exercises, and tests.
References - Useful links for the resources used in this module
ii
Let Us Learn!
Hello! Good day students! Keep safe and be prepared in this new
learning mode.
Let us start, read and try to answer the questions given.
Every creature has a purpose and needs other creature. Nobody can
live alone. We tend to depend in the things that would keep us alive. All the
living things depend in the energy from the sun for their life-giving processes.
Part of those processes is the conversion of sun’s energy to chemical energy
that happens during photosynthesis and in cellular respiration.
How is the process involving in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
How is photosynthesis associated to respiration? How does
photosynthesis help solve shortage of food and improve farming practices?
In this module, you will journey with this competency:
1. Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration (S9LT -1g-j-31);
Specifically,you will learn to:
a. explain the importance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
b. demonstrate understanding of photosynthesis and respiration as life
energy processes.
1
Let Us Try!
Today, you are now moving forward to understand this module!
How well do you know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Let us answer the following questions. Honestly answer the question
and check your answer, refer to the last part of this module.
Multiple Choice:
Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer from the
choices given. Write the chosen answer in your answer sheet/ a separate
sheet.
1. Which of the following substance produced in photosynthesis?
a. oxygen and glucose
b. oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. water and carbon dioxide
d. glucose and oxygen
2. Which of the substance produced by cellular respiration?
a. oxygen and glucose
b. oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. water and carbon dioxide
d. glucose and oxygen
3. Which of the following condition below should a rice crop farmer will
consider to increase his harvest?
a. the kind of soil and fertilizer.
b. the amount of water to use.
c. the location of the form plots
d. all of the above.
4. Which of the following statement best explains why planting trees and
making up urban gardens, like Gulayan sa Paaralan and community garden
can help to prevent or lessen global warming.
a. Trees/plants produce oxygen during daytime.
b. trees/plants absorb carbon dioxide that contribute in the greenhouse
effect.
c. Trees/plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
d. Trees/plants performs photosynthesis.
2
5. Oxygen is essential in cellular respiration. What is the role of oxygen in the
electron transport chain?
a. it provides a high energy electron
b. it releases an electron
c. it serves as the final acceptor
d. it forms water
6. A vegetable farmer wants to increases his harvest. Which of the following
conditions should the farmer consider?
a. the kind of soil only
b. the amount of water only
c. the location of the plants only
d. all of the above
For 7 & 8. Refer to the Chemical reaction given: Fill in the blanks.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is..
chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide + 7.________
(CO₂)
(
)
Glucose
Sunlight
+ 8. ______
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
(
)
for 9&10. Refer to the Chemical reaction given: Fill in the blanks.
Glucose + 9. ________
ATP
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
(
Carbon dioxide + 10. _______ +
)
(CO₂)
(
)
11. Photosynthesis
a. process of food making by animals.
b. process of food making by microorganisms.
c. process of food making done by plants and other autotropic organisms.
d. process of food making by bacteria
12. Cellular Respiration
a. serves of reactions occurring under aerobic conditions during which large
amount of ATP are produced.
b. breakdown of food with reproduction of ATP
c. breakdown of food with the production of NADPH
d. breakdown of food with production of FADH₂
13. Which organelle is present in plant cell but not in animal cell?
a. cell membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. chloroplast
d. Golgi apparatus
3
14. Through the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration the
organisms exchange substance. Which state went below is true about the way
these two process are related.
a. the product of photosynthesis inhibit respiration.
b. the product of photosynthesis is also the reactants of respiration.
c. the reactants of photosynthesis is also the reactants of respiration.
d. the product of photosynthesis is also the reactants of respiration.
15. Photosynthesis is to chloroplast as cellular respiration.
a. chloroplast
b. cytoplasm
c. mitochondria
d. nuclei
Let Us Study
Let us level up!
What Is Photosynthesis?
A.
Glucose
ATP
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
+ Oxygen
+
Carbon Dioxide + Water +
(O₂)
B. Carbon Dioxide + Water
(CO₂)
(H₂O)
(CO₂)
Chlorophyll
sunlight
Glucose
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
(H₂O)
+ Oxygen
(O₂)
Two chemical reactions, ” Pick one”
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Is photosynthesis important? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Photosynthesis is a process of food making one by plants and other
autotropic organisms. The presence of chlorophyll enables these organisms
make their own food.
Autotropic organisms require light energy, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and
water (H₂O) to make food (sugar).
4
Plants are great food providers. A leaf is a chemical factory. The release
of oxygen and help to make the flow of energy in the ecosystem. Plants have
green pigments called chlorophyll stored in chloroplast. This pigments aids in
capturing light energy from the sun that enables plants to change it to
chemical energy stored in food.
What is Cellular Respiration?
Figure 1: "Cellular-Respiration". 2020. Flickr.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/110055763@N02/29934152442/.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Is cellular respiration important? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Cellular Respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and process that take
place in the cells of organisms to convert to chemical energy from oxygen
molecules or nutrients into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)and then release
waste products. Human being needs to breath in oxygen during respiration,
oxygen and carbon dioxide produced and uses by the cells.
5
In the process of respiration, the oxygen that transport inside our body
reacts with the sugar to produce carbon dioxide and water and energy is
produce. The immediate energy source of the cells is glucose.
Glucose inside the cells is broken down to release the stored energy. This
stored energy is harvested in the form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP
is a high energy molecule needed by working cells.
Let Us Practice
Very good! Let the ball rolling!
After honestly answering this activity. You may check your answer in
the Answer Key section.You may use a separate sheet for your answer.
Activity 1: Structure involved in the food making process in
plants.
The leaves receive the sunlight, to start photosynthesis. Lamina
captures light energy. The vein like structure transport water and nutrients
within the leaves and to the different parts of the plants. The central vein of
the midrib. The internal structure of a leaves composed upper and lower
epidermis, spongy mesophyll layer, vascular bundles and stomata. Epidermis
protect the leaves, mesophyll has most number of chloroplast that contain
chlorophyll. They are important in trapping light energy from the sun.
Vascular bundles - phloem and xylem- serves as transporting vessels of
manufacture food and water. Carbon dioxide and oxygen were collected in the
spongy layer and enters and exits the leaf through the stomata. Chloroplast
include outer and inner membrane, stroma, thylakoids stack in grana. The
chlorophyll is built into the membranes of thylakoids.
I.Objective:
a. Describe the external and internal parts of the plants and the
chloroplast.
II. Procedure:
Study the diagram below. Label the parts of the external, internal parts
of the leaves and chloroplast.
6
A. External Part of the leaves.
1.
2.
2.
3.
Figure 2
Illustrated by: Wenny P. de Pedro
Internal Parts of the Leaves
1.
5.
6.
Figure 3
7
B. Chloroplast
2.
1.
6.
5.
3.
4.
Figure 4
Illustrated by: Wenny P. de Pedro
Plants have green pigments called chlorophyll stored in chloroplast. This
pigment aid in capturing light energy from the sun that enables plants to
change it to chemical energy stored in food. This process is called
photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide
( CO₂)
+
Water
(H₂O)
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
8
Glucose +
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
Oxygen
( O₂)
Activity 2: Explaining Photosynthesis
Use a separate sheet for your answer sheet.You may check your answer in
the answer key section.
Chemical Reaction for Photosynthesis:
Carbon Dioxide
(CO₂)
+
Water
(H₂O)
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Glucose +
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
Oxygen
( O₂)
A. List and describe stages of photosynthesis.
Stage 1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
Stage 2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
How is oxygen produced?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
B. Explain the steps of photosynthesis, what and where it occurs, input
and output materials.
Stage 1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
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Stage 2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
C. Study and label this diagram summarizing the two stage of
photosynthesis.
1.
2.
3.
10.
3.
4.
Light
Reaction
7.
5.
6.
8.
Sucrose
(export)
9.
Figure 5
Illustrated by: Wenny P. de Pedro
10
Let Us Practice More
Activity 3. Critical Reading: Why is Photosynthesis important?
Read the text and answer the question written below the text.
Green plants and trees use photosynthesis to make food from the
sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere. The sunlight is the
primary source of energy. The importance of photosynthesis in our life is the
oxygen it produces, without photosynthesis there would be little or no oxygen,
no photosynthesis no plant and animal life on earth. Photosynthesis maintain
atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all the organic compound and most
of the energy necessary for life on earth. Contributes to the symbiotic
relationship between plants, human and animals. Contributes to the carbon
cycle between the earth, the oceans, plants and animals.
Furthermore, photosynthesis to ecosystem, it provides food, it removes
carbon dioxide and it help in industrial activities.
Questions:
1. List down reasons why photosynthesis important and give the economic
benefit.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. Explain the symbiotic relationship between plants, human and
animals.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
11
Activity 4. Mitochondrion: The Cell’s Power House
I.Objective:
a. Describe the cell’s powerhouse.
II.Procedure:
Study the diagram and answer the questions given below.
2.
3.
Oxygen present
1.
Pyruvate
NADH
... ... . …. . .
TCA
Electron transport
.. ..
cle
NADH
FADH₂
...
Acetyl
Co-A
Cy
cy
6.
Mitochondrion
5.
ATP
4.
ATP
ATP
CO₂
H₂O
Illustrated by: Wenny P. de Pedro
1. Label and describe each part of the mitochondrion
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Mitochondrion is the cells powerhouse because it can convert the stored
energy in food into the potential energy in ATP. Through the oxygen, the
energy stored in the food is released via respiration. The energy produce is
needed by the cells to perform necessary activities. Different mitochondria
produce different proteins.
12
Activity 5. Stages in Cellular Respiration
I.Objective:
a. Explain the stages in cellular respiration.
II.Procedure:
Study the figure and answer the questions below.
NADH
FADH2
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Electron
Transport chain
Acetyl COa
6O₂
6CO₂
Glucose
36
ATP
Illustrated by: Wenny P. de Pedro
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
13
6H₂O
Electron Transport Chain
Figure 10. "Electron-Transport-Chain-20-638".
2020. Flickr.https://www.flickr.com/photos/110055763@N02
/29964299321/.
1. Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. List and briefly describe the stages of cellular respiration.
Stage 1
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Stage 2
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Stage 3
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
3. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
14
Activity 6. Comparison of Photosynthesis and the Cellular Respiration
Solar Energy
Chemical energy
Oxygen
sugar
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Carbon dioxide
water
Illustrated by: Wenny de Pedro
Fill in the table:
Comparison
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Location occurs
In light
All the time
Input reactants
Output product
Energy source
Result
Energy formation
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration have differences yet both
processes are necessary for gas exchange, energy conversion and electron
transport. ATP is produce in either processes.
15
Let Us Remember
How Amazing! This time let us gather what we have learned.
Briefly answer the question below.
Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis? Explain the stages in photosynthesis and the
relationship between plants, human and animals. How photosynthesis
important to humans and in industry?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Photosynthesis is the food making in plants and other photosynthetic
organisms. In photosynthesis, plants capture energy and convert it into
chemical energy stored in food.
Carbon Dioxide + Water
(CO₂)
(H₂O)
Chlorophyll
sunlight
Glucose
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
+ Oxygen
(O₂)
There are two stages in photosynthesis, light reaction phase and Calvin
cycle (dark reaction phase) light dependent reaction happens in the presence
of light. Calvin cycle stage does not directly need light but needs the product
of light reaction.
Plants make their own food and pass their energy to human when are
consume the nutrients from the plants photosynthesis creates clean air for
human to breath. It also allows plants to grow which feeds humans. If there
is no photosynthesis in the ecosystem, there will be no plants and loss of plant
life on earth through activities like logging or land development a threat to the
primary product of the earth.
16
Cellular Respiration
Define cellular respiration. Discuss the stage of cellular respiration and why
cellular respiration important. How photosynthesis related to cellular
respiration.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
The purpose of cellular respiration it provides cells with the energy they
need to function.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells in plants and animal
breakdown sugar and turn it into energy, which is use to perform work at the
cellular level.
Human, plants and animals depend in the cycle of cellular respiration
and photosynthesis for survival, the oxygen produce by plants during
photosynthesis is what humans and animals inhale for the blood transport to
the cells for the respiration. The carbon dioxide produce during respiration is
release from the body and absorb by plants to help provide the energy they
need for growth development.
17
Let Us Assess
Very Good! Now let us check the fruit of our journey.
Multiple Choice:
Read the question very carefully. Choose the best answer of the
choices given. Write you answer in a separate sheet of paper as your answer
sheet.
For questions 1 & 2 refer to the chemical reaction below. Fill in the blanks.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is written below:
1._________ + water
(
)
(H₂O)
chlorophyll
sunlight
2. __________
(
)
+
oxygen
(O₂)
For questions nos. 3 & 4 refer to the chemical reaction below. Fill in the
blanks.
Glucose
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
+ 3. __________
(
)
carbon dioxide + 4. _________
(CO₂)
(
)
5. Cellular Respiration is to mitochondrion as photosynthesis is to _______.
a. mitochondrion
c. nuclei
b. chloroplast
d. cytoplasm
6. A student collecting a gas given off from a plant in a bright sunlight at a
temperature of 30ᵒC. Which gas below is the gas collected by the student?
a. carbon dioxide
c. water vapor
b. oxygen
d. methane
7. Which of the following term refers to an organic molecule that provides
energy to drive many process in living cells.
a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) c. carbon dioxide
b. glucose
d. NADPH
18
8. Oxygen is a gas essential in cellular respiration by reacting to produce a
useable form of energy
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
9. Which of the following statement best explains why planting trees and
making up urban gardens, like Gulayan sa Paaralan and community garden
can help to prevent or lessen global warming.
a. Trees/plants produce oxygen during daytime.
b. trees/plants absorb carbon dioxide that contribute in the
greenhouse effect.
c. Trees/plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
d. Trees/plants performs photosynthesis.
10.A vegetable farmer experience a problem in growing of his plants. Most of
the leaves of his vegetable in the garden are turning yellow. Which of the
following most likely the result of the yellowing of the leaves?
a. low production of plants
b. high production of plants
c. no production of plants
d. production of food will remain the same
For numbers 11 – 15. Use Venn diagram. In a separate sheet, copy the
diagram given below and write your answer inside the venn diagram.
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and the Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
19
Let Us Enhance
You are amazing! I know this activity would be very easy for you.
Crossword Puzzle on Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Use a separate sheet for your answer sheet.Questions are given across and
down. Write the correct word/answer in your answer sheet.
Across
6. Light from the sun
Down
1. Breakdown of food to produce ATP
7. Second stage in cellular respiration 2. Output product of photosynthesis
9. Process of food making in plants
3. End product of cellular respiration
10. The powerhouse of the cell
4. Raw material in photosynthesis
11. End product of photosynthesis
5. Absorption of light
12. First stage in cellular respiration
8. Part in plant cell that contain
chlorophyll
20
Let Us Reflect
Excellent! Congratulations! I am happy you made it this far, this time
you are going to share your expertise on the lesson you’ve enjoyed and
learned.
Performance Task in Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Goal: Create a campaign highlighting the interdependence between plants
and animals in obtaining food and energy.
Role: You can either be a painter/visual artist, an environment speaker, a
singer/composer.
Audience: Junior high school students
Situation: Our school celebrates Science Month celebration. Five students per
section participates in the contest. You are one of the contestants and you are
going to present your work in painting, essay and song. The theme
“Sustaining a Healthy Relationship Among Organisms”. You will encourage
the audience to realize the interdependence between plants and animals while
performing their normal functions (Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration).
Performance:
1. Painter/Visual Artist – 10”x 15” illustration board, painting of how
plants and animals rely on each other while performing their normal
functions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration). The painting
should have a brief description of your artwork and a title. The
painting will be exhibited in the campus.
2. Environmental Speaker – A three paragraph essay to be delivered
during the celebration on how plants and animals rely on each other
while performing their normal functions (photosynthesis and
cellular respiration). The essay should have a title and to be delivered
in a well-modulated voice.
3. Singer/Composer – a two to three-minute song with lyrics that
reflect the interdependence between plants and animals how they
rely on each other while performing their normal functions
(photosynthesis and cellular respiration). The song should have title
and accompanied by one musical instrument.
21
Standards:
Criteria:
1. Accuracy of content
2. Organization of idea/Clarity of the message
3. Mechanics
Rubric for Performance Task
Criteria
Accuracy of
Content
Organization/
Clarity of
Message
Mechanics
(Painting (title,
size
description);
Essay(title,
length,
delivery);
Song(title,
lyrics, length,
instrumental,
accompaniment)
Total Score
Description
Score
4
3
2
1
The student
shows deep
understanding
of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in
the product.
The interaction
of reactants
and products
for both
process were
discussed in
detail.
The students
show
considerable
understanding
of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in
the product.
The interaction
of reactants and
products for
both processes
were discussed
in part
The student
shows shallow
understanding
of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in
the product.
The interaction
of reactants
and products
for both
processes were
mentioned but
not discussed.
the student
shows limited
understanding
of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in
the product.
The interaction
of reactants
and products
for both
processes were
not mentioned
at all.
All elements in
the product are
logically
presented and
consistent.
Most elements
in the product
are logically
presented and
consistent. A
clear message
is conveyed to
the audience.
Some elements
in the product
are logically
presented. The
message
conveyed to
the audience is
not clear.
Most of the
mechanics
were followed
for the given
performance.
Not all of the
mechanics
were followed.
A very clear
message is
conveyed to the
audience.
All
mechanics
were followed for
the
given
performance.
22
23
Let us practice
A.
B.
C
1. Veins
1. Outer membrane
1. Cuticle
2. Midrib 2. Epidermis 2. Inner Membrane
3. Blade
3.Granum
3. Xylem
4 Phloem.
4. Stroma lamella
5.Stomata
5. Stroma
6.Spony Mesophyll 6. thylakoids
Let us study.
chlorophyll
Carbon Dioxide + Water
(CO₂)
(H₂O)
Glucose
sunlight
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
+ Oxygen
(O₂)
Yes, photosynthesis is important because it provide food, removes carbon dioxide, maintain atmospheric
oxygen levels and contributes symbiotic relationship between plants, humans and animals. No
photosynthesis no plant and animal life on earth.
Cellular Respiration
▪
▪
▪
is a set of metabolic reactions and process that take place in the cells of organisms to convert
chemical energy from oxygen molecule or nutrients into adenosine phosphate (ATP) and then release
waste products
Provide cell with the energy they used to function
Convert glucose from food into energy, the energy produced are needed by the cells to perform
necessary activities such as locomotion of molecules in and out of cell, reproduction, proteins, carbon
dioxide, synthesis, secretion of important substances.
Pretest
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D
C
D
C
C
6.D
11. C
7. Water(H₂O) 12.A
8.Oxygen(O₂) 13. C
9.Oxygen(O₂) 14. D
10.Water(H₂O)15. C
Answer key to Activities
24
Activity 2
A. Stage 1 (Light-dependent Reaction) or (Light Reactions of Photosynthesis)- The light
dependent reactions happen in the presence of sunlight. It occurs in the thylakoids
membrane and converts light energy to chemical energy.
Stage 2(Calvin Cycle) or (Dark Reaction of Photosynthesis) is a light-independent phase that
take place in the stroma and converts carbon dioxide (CO₂) into sugar. This stage does not
need light but needs the product of light reaction.
chlorophyll
Glucose + oxygen
(O₂)
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
Carbon dioxide + water
(CO₂)
(H₂O)
sunlight
CHLOROPHYLL
•
A green pigment, present in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light to
provide energy for photosynthesis.
OXYGEN
•
•
Plants produce oxygen, because when they photosynthesize, they take carbon dioxide
and water and combine them using light energy to produce sugar and oxygen. This
stores the energy in chemical bends and release O₂.
Oxygen is the byproduct of the photosynthesis on which most organism depends.
B. Stage 1 - Light dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light
energy to make ATP and NADPH. Water one of the raw materials of photosynthesis utilizes
and facilitate formation of free electron and oxygen.
Stage 2 – The Calvin cycle is a light-independent reaction which take place in the stroma and
converts carbon dioxide (CO₂) into sugar, do not use light as a reactant (can take place at day
or night), they require the products of the light dependent reaction to functions. It occurs
immediately after the light dependent reactions.
C. 1. H₂O
6.ADP
2. CO₂
7. Calvin cycle
3. ATP 8. Thylakoids
4. NADPH
9.O₂
5.NADP⁺
10. Chloroplast
Answer key to Activities
25
Activity 4.
1.
2.
3.
Cristae
Matrix
Inner membrane
4.ATP particles
5. Outer membrane
6. Granule
Cristae – inner folded of the mitochondrion
Matrix – is a dense, viscous material, also contains ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
Inner membrane – fold over many times and creates layered structure called cristae
ATP Particles – an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule ATP and ADP and organic
phosphate.
Outer membrane – covers the organelles and contains it like a skin.
Granule – particles containing phospholipids, proteins and calcium found in the mitochondria.
Let us Practice More
Activity 3
1.Photosynthesis
•
•
•
The importance of photosynthesis in our life is the oxygen it produces. Without
photosynthesis there could be little to no oxygen in the planet
Photosynthesis maintain atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all the organic compound
and most of the energy necessary for the life on earth
Photosynthesis contributes to the carbon cycle between the earth, the oceans, plants and
animals.
2. Human, animals and plants are created to have a good relationship with each to make a better
and beautiful life. Without human, some animals and plants also cannot live for long time because
no one can take care of them. Therefore, we as a human must protect animals and plants to grow up
with us together
Answer key to Activities
26
Activity 5
CELLULAR RESPIRATION – occurs in the double-membrane organelle called the mitochondrion. The
enzymatic reactions of cellular respiration begin in the cytoplasm, but most of the reactions occur in
the mitochondria
Stages of Cellular Respirations
1.
Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron transport chain
Stage 1. Glycolysis – the breakdown of glucose by enzymes releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
-
Process in which one glucose molecule is breakdown to form 2 molecules
of pyruvic acid
Is a multi-step metabolic pathway that occur in the cytoplasm of animal
cells, plant cells and the cells of microorganism.
Stage 2. Krebs cycle – the process involves the release of stored energy by the process done in
the pyruvate molecule. It is a series of enzymes- catalyzed chemical reactions.
-
For
a.
b.
c.
d.
every glucose molecule that goes to Krebs cycle; summarizing
4 molecules of ATP
10 molecules of NADH
2 molecules of FADH₂
6 molecules of CO₂
Stage 3 Electron transport Chain – is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from
electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (reduction and oxidation) reactions, and
couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons across a membrane. The electron
transport chain is built up of peptides, enzymes and other molecule.
-
There is a direct involvement of molecule enzyme in the production of
ATPs water in process.
Purpose of Cellular Respiration – is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of organisms
(animals and plants) to breakdown sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of
ATP.
Answer key to Activities
27
Let us Remember
Photosynthesis is a process by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical
energy that can be released to fuel the organism’s activities.
chlorophyll
Carbon Dioxide + Water
(CO₂)
(H₂O)
Glucose
sunlight
+ Oxygen
(C₆H₁₂O₆)
(O₂)
Stage in Photosynthesis
1.
2.
Light reaction phase – light dependent reaction happens in the presence of light. It
occurs in the thylakoids, converts light energy to chemical energy.
Calvin cycle (dark reaction phase) – this stage does not directly need light but needs
the product of light reaction. It takes place in stroma, converts carbon dioxide into
sugar.
Importance of Photosynthesis
•
•
•
•
•
Plants make their own food and pass their energy down to human.
Photosynthesis creates clean air for human to breath.
It also allows plants to grow, which feeds humans.
Help maintain normal levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Important in our life is the oxygen it produces
Activity 6
Fill in the table.
ATP, NADH and FADH₂
ATP and NADPH (inner
thylakoid membrane)
Energy formation
Release of energy
Storage of energy
Result
Chemical bond (in food)
Sunlight
Energy source
CO₂ and H₂O
C₆H₁₂O₆ and O₂
Output product
C₆H₁₂O₆ and O₂
CO₂ and H₂O
Input reactants
All the time
In light
mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Location occurs
Comparison
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Answer key to Activities
28
Let us Enhance:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Respiration 7. Krebs cycle
glucose
8. Chloroplast
carbon dioxide
9. Photosynthesis
water
10. mitochondria
Chlorophyll 11. oxygen
Sunlight
12. glycolysis
Let us Asses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Carbon dioxide CO₂
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆
Oxygen O₂
Water H₂O
B
6. B
7. A
8. True
9. D
10. A
# 11-15 Use Venn Diagram:
Chloroplast in eukaryotes
water
Mitochondrion in eukaryotes
Produce sugar and oxygen Electron
Light dependent reaction
Produce ATP and carbon
transport chain
Calvin cycle
ATP generated
dioxide
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Answer key to Activities
Let us Reflect:
Performance Task: Output may vary.
Goal: Create a campaign highlighting the interdependence between plants and animals in
obtaining food and energy.
Role: You can either be 1. A painter/visual artist
2. An Environment Speaker
3. A Singer/Composer
Theme: “Sustaining a Healthy Relationship Among Organism”
Encourage the audience to realize the interdependence between plants and animals while
performing their normal functions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration)
Criteria:
1.
2.
3.
Accuracy of content
Organization of idea / Clarity of the message
Mechanics
Painting - title, size description
Essay - title, length, delivery
Song
- title, length, lyrics, instrumental
accompaniment)
29
Rubric for Performance Task
Criteria
Accuracy of
Content
Organization
/
Clarity of
Message
Mechanics
(Painting
(title, size
description);
Essay(title,
length,
delivery);
Song(title,
lyrics,
length,
instrumenta
l,
accompanim
ent)
Total Score
Score
Description
4
3
2
1
The student shows
deep understanding
of photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in the
product. The
interaction of
reactants and
products for both
process were
discussed in detail.
The students show
considerable
understanding of
photosynthesis and
cellular respiration
in the product. The
interaction of
reactants and
products for both
processes were
discussed in part
The student
shows shallow
understanding of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in the
product. The
interaction of
reactants and
products for both
processes were
mentioned but
not discussed.
the student
shows limited
understanding
of
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration in
the product.
The interaction
of reactants
and products
for both
processes were
not mentioned
at all.
All elements in the
product are
logically presented
and consistent.
Most elements in
the product are
logically
presented and
consistent. A
clear message is
conveyed to the
audience.
Some elements
in the product
are logically
presented. The
message
conveyed to the
audience is not
clear.
Most of the
mechanics were
followed for the
given
performance.
Not all of the
mechanics were
followed.
A very clear
message is
conveyed to the
audience.
All mechanics were
followed for the
given performance.
30
References
Books
Santos, N. et.al “Flow of Energy and Life Processes in Ecosystem”. RBS Science
and Technology series. K- 12 Science Links 9. Seamless Edition 2014.
“Ecosystem: Life Energy”. Department of Education Science Learners Module 9.
First Edition, 2014.Reprint 2017.
Websites
“The relationship between humans and animals and plants,” UK Essay,
https://www.ukessays.com/sociology/relationship-between-humans-animalsand
plantssociology.essay-UKEssay
https://www.science.com/photosynthesis-November22,2019byBrenner
https://biologywise.com/electron-transport-chain-steps-explained-withdiagram/amp
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124273504500169
31
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region XI
E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City
Telefax: (084)-216-3504
Email Address: http://deped.tagumcity.gov.ph
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