the Mathematics Quarter 4-Module 7 Law of Sines and Its Applications Week 6 Learning Code - M9GE-IVh-47.1.1 Mathematics – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Mathematics – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 4 – Module 7 – New Normal Math for G9 First Edition 2020 Copyright © 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Amparo B. Baniqued – Teacher III Marissa S. Penaflor – Master Teacher II Editor: Edwin M. Yap – Head Teacher III Maita G. Camilon – Head Teacher VI Validators: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS George B. Borromeo, PSDS Illustrator: Writers Layout Artist:Writers Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and Regional ADM Coordinator Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and Division ADM Coordinator Mathematics Quarter 4-Module 7 Law of Sines and Its Applications Week 6 Learning Code - M9GE-IVh-47.1.1 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics MODULE 7 LAW OF SINES AND ITS APPLICATIONS In the previous modules, you have learned how to solve right triangle using trigonometric ratios. Now you will learn to solve non-right triangles called oblique triangles. Any triangle, right or oblique, may be solved using the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. If any three of the six measures of a triangle are given, provided at least one measure is a side, then the other three measures can be found. An oblique triangle is a triangle that does not have a right angle. There are laws or formulas that describe the relationships between the angles and the sides of an oblique triangle. These are the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW PPREPREVIER! LEARNING COMPETENCY The learners will be able to: • Illustrate law of sines. M9GE-IVf-g-1 WHAT I KNOW PPREPREVIER A. Find out how much you already know about the module. Write the letter of ! the best answer to each question on a sheet of paper. Answer all items. After taking and checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go through this module. 1. Which of the following statements is the correct equation to solve for x. a. 5.5 b. π₯ sin 95° sin 95° = = π₯ sin 25° 5.5 sin 25° c. π₯ d. 5.5 sin 25° sin 95° = = 5.5 sin 95° sin 25° π₯ 2. Given π΄ = 40°, πΆ = 70°, and π = 10, use the Law of Sines to solve the triangle. a. B = 70°, a = 10, c = 6.84 c. B = 65°, a = 10, c = 6.84 b. B = 75°, a = 6.84, c = 10 d. B = 70°, a = 6.84, c = 10 3. Given A = 50°, B = 79°, and c = 8, solve the triangle for the value of a. Round answer to two decimal places. a. 7.89 units b. 7.55 units c. 7.77 units d. 7.51 units 4. Use the Law of Sines to solve for x. Round answer to two decimal places. a. 5.33 units b. 5.44 units 1 c. 5.44 units d. 5.66 units GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics 5. In βπ΄π΅πΆ, if π΄ = 35°, π΅ = 25°, and π = 5 then π = __________. Round answer to two decimal places. a. 3.68 units b. 3.78 units c. 3.88 units d. 3.98 units 6. Given a triangle with a = 16, A = 13ο°, and B = 44ο°, determine c using the Law of Sines. a. c = 49.4 units b. c =6.3 units c. c = 59.65 units d. c = 5.1 units B. In each βπ΄π΅πΆ, sides π, π, and π are opposite sides of angles π΄, π΅, and πΆ, respectively. Solve each triangle. 7. If π΄ = 42°, π΅ = 96°, ππππ = 12 9. If π΄ = 33°, πΆ = 128°, ππππ = 16 8. If π΄ = 42°, π΅ = 48°, ππππ = 12 10. If π΄ = 48°, π΅ = 37°, ππππ = 100 C. In each βπ΄π΅πΆ, sides π, π, and π are opposite sides of angles π΄, π΅, and πΆ, respectively. Determine whether βπ΄π΅πΆ has no solution, one solution, or two solutions. Then solve each triangle. 11.π΄ = 50°, π = 15, πππ π = 10 14. π΄ = 30°, π = 5, πππ π = 20 12.π΄ = 136°, π = 115, πππ π = 99.6 15. π΄ = 150°, π = 10, πππ π = 30 13.π΄ = 112°, π = 84.2, πππ π = 74 WHAT’S IN PPREPREV IER!RECALL LET’S A. What are the special angles? B. Without using a scientific calculator, find the values of each of the following. 1. sin 45°, cos 45° 2. sin 30°, cos 30° 3. sin 60°, cos 60° 4. sin 90°, cos 90° 5. sin 0°, cos 0° C. Using a scientific calculator, find the values of each of the following. 1. sin 20° 2. sin 50° 3. sin 125° 4. sin 162° 5. sin x° = 0.1115 6. sin x° = 0.2436 7. sin x° = 0.3219 8. sin x° = 0.5432 2 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics WHAT’S NEW Look at the triangles below. Questions: 1. What have you noticed about each of the given triangles? 2. Can you use trigonometric ratios to solve for the missing parts of these triangles? Why? Examine closely the triangles. Can you solve the missing parts of these triangles using the previous concepts you have learned? Consider two oblique triangles shown below. The two triangles in (a) and (b) each have angles A, B, and C and corresponding opposite sides a, b, and c. Draw an altitude of length β from vertex C of each of the triangles. Notice that two right triangles are formed, and these are triangles ACD and BCD. Using the definition of the sine of an angle, you have π ππ π΅ = πππππ‘β ππ π‘βπ πππππ ππ‘π π πππ πππππ‘β ππ π‘βπ βπ¦πππ‘πππ’π π β = , π ππ π΄ = π πππππ‘β ππ π‘βπ πππππ ππ‘π π πππ πππππ‘β ππ π‘βπ βπ¦πππ‘πππ’π π Note that the equations are true for triangles in (a) and (b). Solving for β in the two equations, you will get β = π π ππ π΅ πππ β = π π ππ π΄ Therefore, equating the two expressions for β gives you π π ππ π΅ = π π ππ π΄ Dividing both sides of the equation by π ππ π΄ π ππ π΅ results to π sin π΅ π sin π΄ = sin π΄ sin π΅ sin π΄ sin π΅ Simplifying both sides of the equation gives you 3 β = , π GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics π π = sin π΄ sin π΅ That is, side π divided by the sine of its opposite angle (sin π΄) is equal to side π divided by the sine of its opposite angle (sin π΅). Repeating the process of drawing an altitude of length β from vertex A of each triangle, the following equation is obtained: π π = . sin π΅ sin πΆ Combining the two equations, you get π π π = sin π΅ = sin πΆ . sin π΄ The above equation gives the πΏππ€ ππ πππππ . The Law of Sines In any triangle, a side divided by the sine of its opposite angle is equal to any other side divided by the sine of the corresponding opposite angle. π π π = sin π΅ = sin πΆ sin π΄ This can also be expressed as sin π΄ = sin π΅ = sin πΆ π π π Note that the derived formula for oblique triangles is also applicable to right triangles. Communication, Critical Thinking, and Collaboration WHAT IS IT The Law of Sines can be used in solving problems involving oblique triangles, given the measures of two angles and one side. It can be used when the given are two angles and the included side (ASA) or two angles and a nonincluded side (SAA). Figure (a) shows triangle ABC given its two angles and the included side (ASA) while (b) shows triangle DEF given its two angles and a nonincluded side (SAA). Example 1: Solve βπ΄π΅πΆ πππ£ππ π΄ = 60°, π΅ = 45°, πππ π = 20ππ. 4 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics Solution: You are given two angles and a nonincluded side (SAA) First, find the measure of angle πΆ. Since the sum of the measures of the interior angles of any triangle equals 180°, that is, π΄ + π΅ + πΆ = 180° 60° + 45° + πΆ = 180° πΆ = 180° − (60° + 45°) πΆ = 180° − 105° πΆ = 75° Use the Law of Sines to find b. π π = sin π΄ sin π΅ You can also use the Law of Sines to find c. π π = sin π sin π 20 π = sin 60° sin 45° 20 π = sin 60° sin 75° π= 20 sin 45° sin 60° π= π = 16.33 ππ. 20 sin 75° sin 60° π = 22.31 ππ Thus, πΆ = 75°, π = 16.33 ππ, πππ π = 22.31 ππ. Example 2: Solve βπ΄π΅πΆ πππ£ππ π΄ = 78°, π΅ = 52°, πππ π = 35 ππ. Solution: You are given two angles and an included side (ASA) First, find the measure of angle πΆ. Since the sum of the measures of the interior angles of any triangle equals 180°, that is, π΄ + π΅ + πΆ = 180° 78° + 52° + πΆ = 180° πΆ = 180° − (78° + 52°) πΆ = 180° − 130° πΆ = 50° Use the Law of Sines to find π. π π = sin π΄ sin πΆ π 35 = sin 78° sin 50° 35 sin 78° sin 50° π = 44.69 ππ. π= 5 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics You can also use the Law of Sines to find b. π π = sin π΅ sin π΄ π 44.69 = sin 52° sin 78° 44.69 sin 52° sin 78° π = 36 ππ. π= Thus, πΆ = 50°, π = 44.69 ππ, πππ π = 36 ππ The Law of Sines can also be used when two sides and a nonincluded angle aregiven (SSA). In this case, there may be no triangle having the given measurements or there may be one or two triangles that satisfy the given conditions. This case is often referred to as the ππππππ’ππ’π πππ π. Now, suppose that in βπ΄π΅πΆ, angle π΄ and sides π and π are given (SSA). Based on the Law of Sines, π π π sin π΄ = sin π΅ = sin π΅ sin π΄ π Consider the following cases: Case 1. 0° < π΄ < 90° a. If π < π sin π΄ π‘βππ sin π΅ > 1. This means that no angle π΅ is determined; hence, no triangle is formed and there is no solution. b. If π = π π ππ π΄ then π ππ π΅ = 1. This means π΅ = 90° and a right triangle is determined. c. If π > π sin π΄ πππ π < π, then two angles are formed: an acute angle B in triangle ABC and an obtuse angle B' in triangle AB'C. Hence, there are two solutions. d. If π > π sin π΄ and π ≥ π then there is exactly one angle determined. Hence, there is only one solution. Case 2: 90° < π΄ < 180° a. If π ≤ π then it can be seen from the figure below that there is no solution. b. If π > π then there is exactly one triangle formed. Hence, there is exactly one solution. 6 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics Example 3: Solve βπ΄π΅πΆ given π΄ = 60°, π = 8 ππ, πππ π = 53 ππ. Solution: To solve for π΅, use the Law of Sines. π π = sin π΄ sin π΅ 8 53 = sin 60° sin π΅ 53 sin 60° sin π΅ = 8 sin π΅ = 5.7374 Notice that sin π΅ = 5.7374, which is greater than 1. This is not possible since −1 ≤ sin π΅ ≤ 1 for any angle π΅. This means that there is no solution, that is, there is no triangle having the given measurements. This is an example of ππππππ’ππ’π πππ π. Example 4: Solve βπ΄π΅πΆ given π΅ = 28°, π = 16 ππ, πππ π = 20 ππ. Solution: π΄ =? π΅ = 28° πΆ =? Compare the values of π πππ π sin π΅. π ? π sin π΅ 16 > 20 sin 28° So, π > π sin π΅. Since π΅ is an acute angle and π > π, then this is Case 1.c. This is an ambiguous case and there are two possible solutions. π =? π = 16 π = 20 The two possible solutions are shown below. Solution No. 1: Solving for π΄ π΄ = 180° − (28° + 36°) π΄ = 116° Solving for π π π = sin π΅ sin π΄ 16 π = sin 28° sin 116° Solving for πΆ π sin π΅ 16 sin 28° π = sin πΆ 20 = sin πΆ sin πΆ = π= 20 sin 28° 16 16 sin 116° sin 28° π = 31 Thus, π΄ = 116°, πΆ = 36° , πππ π = 31 ππ. sin πΆ = .5868 πΆ = 36° 7 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics Solution No. 2: Solving for π΄, π΄ = 180° − (28° + 144°) π΄ = 8°. Solving for π, π π = sin π΅ sin π΄ Solving for the other value of πΆ, πΆ = 180° − 36° πΆ = 144°. Remember: For 0° < πΆ < 180°, there are two angles with a sine value of 20 sin 28° 16 16 π = sin 28° sin 8° π= βΆ one acute angle and one obtuse angle. 16 sin 8° sin 28° π=5 Thus, π΄ = 8°, πΆ = 144° , πππ π = 5 ππ. WHAT’S MORE A. Determine whether each statement is true or false. 1. It is possible to solve a triangle if the only given information consists of the measures of the three angles of the triangle. 2. In general, it is not possible to use the Law of Sines to solve a triangle for which the given are the lengths of all the sides. 3. Given βπ΄π΅πΆ with π΄ = 30°, π = 3 ππ, . πππ π = 2.5 ππ. There can be more than one triangle that can be drawn with the given dimensions. 4. In a scalene triangle, the largest angle is always opposite the longest side and the smallest angle is always opposite the shortest side. 5. Given βπ΄π΅πΆ with π΄ = 57°, π = 15 π, and π = 20 π. There is no triangle that can be formed for these values of π΄, π, and π. B. Write an equation that will solve x. C. For each triangle given in Exercise B, solve for the value of π₯. Round answer to the nearest tenth. 8 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics D. Find the length of AB. Round answer to the nearest tenth. E. Find measure of angleπ΄. Round answer to the nearest tenth. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED Given Triangle ABC, with angles π΄, π΅, and πΆ and corresponding opposite sides π, π, and π. The Law of Sines states that π πΊπππ¨ π π πΊππ π¨ πΊππ π© πΊππ πͺ = = or = = πΊπππ© πΊππ πͺ π π π To solve an oblique triangle using the Law of Sines, you need to know the measure of one side and the measures of two other parts of the triangle:—two angles, or one angle and another side. This breaks down into the following cases: 1. Two angles and any side (AAS or ASA) 2. Two sides and an angle opposite one of them (SSA or Angle Side Side) WHAT I CAN DO A. Determine the unknown part of the triangle marked with”?”. Round answers to the nearest tenth. 9 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics B. Solve each βπ΄π΅πΆ given that π, π, πππ π are opposite π΄, π΅, πππ πΆ, respectively. 6. SSA A = 73° B = ____ C = ____ 7. SSA A = _____ B = _____ C = 27° 8. ASA A = 26° B = _____ C = 35° 9. AAS A = _____ B = 50° C = 45° a = 18 cm b = 11 cm c = _____ a = 17 cm b = ______ c = 13 cm a = _____ b = 13 cm c = _____ a = ______ b = 14 cm c = ______ ASSESSMENT A. Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a sheet of paper. 1. Two sides and an angle opposite one of the given sides of a triangle are known. To find the angle opposite the other given side , you should use: a. Law of Sines b. Heron’s Formula c. Law of Cosines d. All of the above 2. Which of the following is the correct equation to solve for x? a. b. 25 sin 100° π₯ sin 50° = = π₯ sin 50° 25 sin 100° π₯ c. d. = sin 100° 25 sin 50° = 25 sin 50° sin 100° π₯ 3. In the given triangle, A is 81° and B is 67° . If side a is 34 units long, approximately how long is side b? a. 32 units b. 30 units c. 22 units d. 20 units 4. In the given triangle, A is 137° and B is 28° . If side b is 71 units long, approximately how long is side a? a. 77 units 5. b. 98 units c. 84 units d. 103 units In the given triangle, A is 98° degrees and B is 12° . If side a is 84 units long, approximately how long is side b? a. 20 units b. 18 units c. 16 units d. 14 units 6. In the given triangle, π is= 98°, π = 17.5 π, πππ π = 15 π. Find π . a. 78° 10 b. 68° c. 58° d. 44° GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics B. In each βπ΄π΅πΆ, sides π, π, and π are opposite sides of angles π΄, π΅, and πΆ, respectively. Solve each triangle. 7. π΄ = 49°, π΅ = 57°, πππ π = 8 9. 8. πΆ = 110°, π = 18, πππ π = 13 10. π΄ = 105°, π = 18, πππ π = 14 π΅ = 49°, π = 11.6, πππ π = 14.9 C. In each βπ΄π΅πΆ sides π, π, and π are opposite sides of angles π΄, π΅, and πΆ, respectively. Determine whether βπ΄π΅πΆ has no solution, one solution, or two solutions. Then solve each triangle. 11. π΄ = 20°, π = 15, πππ π = 20 14. π΄ = 90°, π = 12, πππ π = 14 12. π΄ = 37°, π = 24, πππ π = 32.2 15. π΄ = 25°, π = 125, πππ π = 150 13. π΄ = 31°, π = 9, πππ π = 20 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES Communication, Critical Thinking, Creativity Challenge Problems: 1. Find π΄ to the nearest degree. 2. Find angle π·πΊπΉ to the nearest degree. PROBLEM – BASED LEARNING WORKSHEET Problem: Two fire-lookout stations are 15 miles apart, with station A directly east of station B. Both stations spot a fire at position C. The angular direction of the fire from station B is N52°E and the angular direction of the fire from station A is N36°W. How far is the fire from station A? C 11 GRADE 9 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics Draw the triangle and use π΄, π΅, πππ πΆ as angles and π, π, πππ π as the opposite sides, respectively. Questions: 1. How do you find π΄? 2. How about π΅? 3. What is πΆ? 4. What law are you going to use to find the distance from πΉπππ ππ‘ππ‘πππ π΄ to point πΆ where the fire is ππ what law are you going to use to solve for π? 5. Write the equation to solve for π. 6. How far is the fire from station π΄? E-Search To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the internet, you may visit the following links: www.onlinemath learning.com>law of sine 2 www.math is fun .com>algebra>trig-sine-law www.teacherspayteachers .com>Browse>Search law of sines www.mathworksheetsgo.com study.com>academy>lesson>law of sine lesson-plan mathopenref.com/lawofcosinesproof.html https://cdn.kutasoftware.com> https://www.buffaloschool.org> REFERENCES Gladys C. Nivera, Minie Rose C. Lapinid(2013) Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities Salesiana BOOKS by Don Bosco Press, Inc. Chino Roces Avenues, Makati City, Philippines Soledad Jose Dilao, Ed D. Fernando B. Orines, Julieta G. Bernabe (2013)Advances Algebra Trigonometry and Statistics JTW Corporation Araneta Ave. Quezon City Philippines Orlando A. Oronce, Marilyn O. Mendoza (2013) e-math Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry, Published by Rex Bookstore. C. M. Recto Avenue, Manila, Philippines Regina MacarangalTresvalles, Wilson Cordova (2010)Math Ideas and Applications Series Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, and Statistics Aviba Publishing House, Inc. Abiva Bldg., 851 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon City, Manila, Philippines Orlando A. Oronce, Marilyn O. Mendoza (2010) Worktext in Mathematics e-math Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry Rex Book Store 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. Street 1977 C.M.RectoAvenue, Manila, Philippines Merden L. Bryant, Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, Richard F. De Vera, Gilda T. Garcia, Sonia E. Javier, Roselle A. Lazaro, Bernadette J. Mesterio, and Rommel Hero A. Saladino (2014)MATHEMATICS, Learner's Material 9, Vibal Group, Inc. 5th Floor Mabini Building , Deped Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 12 13 Grade 9_ Quarter 4_Module 7 (Answer Key) WHAT I KNOW 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. d 7. πΆ = 42°, π = 8.07, πππ π = 8.07 8. πΆ = 90°, π = 8.03 πππ π = 8.92 9. π΅ = 19°, π = 9.56, πππ π = 23.15 10. πΆ = 95°, π = 80.98, πππ π = 134.05 11. one solution: π΅ = 30.71°, πΆ = 99.29°, πππ π = 19.32 12. one solution: π΅ = 37°, πΆ = 7°, πππ π = 20.18 13. one solution: π΅ = 13.43°, πΆ = 54.57°, πππ π = 21.1 14. (No solution) 15. no solution 5. a 6. c WHAT'S IN A. The specials angle are 30°, 45°, 60°, πππ 90°angles. ξ2 ξ2 B. 1. , 2 2 C. 1. 0.3420 2. 0.7660 3. 0.8192 4. 0.3090 WHAT’S MORE 2. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 ξ3 , 2 2 6.4° 14.1° 18.8° 32.9 A. 1. False 2. False (True) π₯ 10 B. 1. = sin 36° 2. 5 sin π₯ = sin 41° 20 sin 125° π₯ 3. , ξ3 1 , 2 2 3. True 37 4. = sin π₯ 5. 5.True 4. True 5. 0,1 4. 1, 0 30 sin 30° π₯ sin 100° = 25 sin 50° 5.5 3. = sin 95° sin 25° C. 1. π₯ = 9 2. π₯ = 11.8° 3. π₯ = 13 D. a. π΄π΅ = 22.2 E. a. π∠π΄ = 36.4 4. π₯ = 38.1° 5. π₯ = 32.5 (π₯ = 32.1) b. π΄π΅ = 18 b. π∠π΄ = 38.7 WHAT I CAN DO A.1. 7.9 4. 33.04 2. 35° 5. 18.66(18.7) 3. 22.1 B. 6. π΅ = 35.8°, πΆ = 71.2°, πππ π = 17.8 ππ 7. π΄ = 36.4°, π΅ = 116.6°, πππ π = 25.6 ππ. 8. π΅ = 119°, π = 6.5 ππ, πππ π = 8.5 ππ. 9. π΄ = 85°, π = 18.2 ππ, πππ π = 12.9 ππ. Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics GRADE 9 14 ASSESSMENT A. 1. A 4. D 2. C 5. B 3. A 6. C B.7. πΆ = 74°, π = 8.9, πππ π = 10.2 8. π΄ = 43°, π΅ = 27°, πππ π = 8.7 9. π΄ = 36°, πΆ = 95°, πππ π = 19.7 10. π΅ = 48.7°, πΆ = 26.3°, πππ π = 8.3 11. one solution: (Two Solutions) (1) π΅ = 27.1°, πΆ = 132.9°, πππ π = 32.1 (2) π΅ = 152.9°, πΆ = 7.1°, πππ π = 5.4 12. one solution:(Two Solutions) (1) π΅ = 53.8°, πΆ = 89.2°, πππ π = 39.9 13. No solution 14. No Solution 15. One Solution:(Two Solutions) (1) π΅ = 30.5°, πΆ = 124.5, π = 243.8 Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics GRADE 9